Dissertations / Theses: 'Ethnolinguistique – Canada – Nunavut (Canada)'

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Bordin, Guy. "La nuit inuit : vécu et représentations de la nuit chez les Inuit du nord de la Terre de Baffin (Nunavut, Arctique canadien)." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100189.

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Décrire la nuit quotidienne des Inuit de l’Arctique canadien vivant au nord de la Terre de Baffin, donner à lire et à comprendre leurs points de vue sur l’espace-temps nocturne, tenter de cerner et d’analyser les singularités de cette nuit tant au niveau du vécu que des représentations, sans négliger les éléments comparatifs provenant d’autres aires culturelles, voilà les principaux objectifs assignés à cette recherche. L’attention à la parole inuit traverse l’ensemble de la recherche. Voie privilégiée sous divers aspects, elle l’inscrit dans une démarche de type ethnolinguistique. Organisée en trois parties, la thèse présente dans un premier temps le cadre nocturne : nuit arctique, nuit au quotidien, cosmogonies, notions d’obscurité et de lumière. Puis, le vécu de la nuit est analysé à l’état de veille : influences et propriétés attribuées à la nuit sur la naissance, la maladie et la mort, sur les déplacements et la chasse, sur les rituels, les cérémoniels et les fêtes, ainsi que sur la peur. Enfin, le vécu de la nuit est envisagé dans son versant « endormi » : ethnographie du sommeil, expériences oniriques et esquisse d’une théorie du sommeil. Ces analyses, menées dans une perspective diachronique, mettent en évidence l’existence, chez les Inuit, de complémentarités et de continuums qui marquent les couples nuit/jour et obscurité/ lumière, lesquels sont éloignés des schèmes binaires ou dualistes qui sont les nôtres, mais que la pensée inuit tend à rejeter. Au-delà de la spécificité inuit, le présent travail se veut une contribution à une réflexion comparative et pluridisciplinaire, amorcée il y a plusieurs années à l’Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, sur ce que pourrait être une anthropologie de la nuit
The objectives of this work are to describe the daily night of the Inuit living in Northern Baffin Island (Nunavut, Arctic Canada), to allow a reading and understanding of the Inuit’ own points of view on nocturnal space-time, and hence to try to grasp and analyse the singularities of this night at the level of both experiences and representations. As often as possible, comparative data emanating from other cultural areas has been included. An emphasis is put on language and the spoken word, which permeates through all of the research, fitting it into an ethnolinguistic approach. Structured in three parts, the work presents first the nocturnal framework: Arctic night, day-to-day night, cosmogonies, notions of darkness and light. Then the night experience is analysed while in the state of wakefulness: influences and properties attributed to the night relating to birth, disease and death, to travelling and hunting, to rituals, ceremonies and festivals, and to fear. Finally the night experience is considered in the state of sleep: ethnography of sleep, dream experiences, sketching of a theory of sleep. These analyses, carried out diachronically, highlight the complementarities and continuums which characterize the night/day and darkness/light pairings, which do not match the binary or dualistic schemes that are our own and that Inuit thought tends to reject. Beyond its specificity to the Inuit, this work is also a contribution to a comparative and multidisciplinary reflection, started several years ago at the University Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, on what could be an anthropology of the night

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Maire, Aurélie. ""Dessiner, c'est parler". Pratiques figuratives, représentations symboliques et enjeux socio-culturels des arts graphiques inuit au Nunavut (Arctique canadien)." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INAL0031/document.

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Cette recherche doctorale examine les pratiques figuratives, les représentations symboliques et les enjeux socio-culturels des arts graphiques inuit dans les communautés de Kinngait (Cape Dorset) et de Pangniqtuuq (Pangnirtung) au Nunavut (Arctique canadien). Les notions de dessin (titiqtugaq-) et de parole (uqaq-) se placent au centre de la démarche qui est guidée par une approche interdisciplinaire, dans la perspective d’une ethnohistoire de l’art du dessin inuit. Trois parties structurent la démonstration. La première explore les configurations de la pensée inuit associées aux concepts d’art graphique, de représentation visuelle et de créateur, à partir de leur expression linguistique (chapitre II). Puis, une ethnographie de la scène artistique locale présente le dessin et les activités socio-économiques qui lui sont associées autour de la question du statut de l’artiste (chapitres III et IV). La deuxième partie envisage la figuration en rapport à la parole, à partir de la cosmogénèse et des techniques graphiques anciennes (chapitre V). Elle s’intéresse ensuite aux interactions entre le dessin et la parole sur un plan symbolique : dans le dessin, les pensées et les mots sont mis en actes (chapitres VI et VII). La dernière partie de la thèse définit l’art comme un élément de la dynamique socio-culturelle et politique des Nunavummiut. Le recours au dessin dans le cadre de projets communautaires est étudié à partir d’exemples récents (chapitre VIII), avant d’être replacé au centre des dynamiques relationnelles et des échanges socio-cosmiques dans une dimension ontologique (chapitre IX)
This doctoral research examines the themes of figurative practices, symbolic representations and the socio-cultural stakes specific to Inuit graphic arts in the communities of Kinngait (Cape Dorset) and Pangniqtuuq (Pangnirtung) in Nunavut (the Canadian Arctic). The notions of drawing (titiqtugaq-) and of speech (uqaq-) are central to the thesis, which is guided by an interdisciplinary approach within the perspective of ethno-history of Inuit sketch art. The thesis is organized into three parts. The first explores the configuration of Inuit thought associated with the concepts of graphic art, visual representation and creation, through their linguistic expression (Chapter II). In addition, ethnography of the local art scene looks at drawing and the socio-economic activities that are associated with it, in connection with the status of the artist (Chapters III and IV). The second part looks at figuration in relation to power words, from cosmogenesis and ancient graphic techniques (Chapter V). With this in hand, the second part then looks at the interactions between drawing and speaking from a symbolic perspective: through drawings, the thoughts and words are put into action (Chapters VI and VII). The last part of the dissertation continues the analysis by defining art as part of the socio-cultural and political dynamics of the Nunavummiut. Recourse to drawing, as a community project, is studied with reference to recent examples (Chapter VIII), prior to being placed, within an ontological dimension, at the centre of relational and socio-cosmic exchange dynamics (Chapter IX)

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Cancel, Carole. "Autorité, parole et pouvoir : Une approche anthropologique de l'activité néologique inuit au Nunavut." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28419/28419_1.pdf.

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Dans une approche qui met à profit les apports de l’anthropologie nord-américaine et de l’ethnolinguistique européenne, la thèse étudie l’activité néologique inuit concertée au Nunavut, appelée taiguusiliurniq. Dans un premier temps, y sont examinés en diachronie les rapports de force linguistiques que les Inuit de l’Arctique oriental canadien ont entretenus au fil des siècles avec les explorateurs, les baleiniers, les marchands, les missionnaires, et enfin l’administration, et qui constituent l’arrière-plan sur lequel se sont arrimés les métiers de la traduction en langue inuit et les débuts de l’institutionnalisation de l’innovation lexicale. La deuxième partie s’intéresse à l’émergence de la terminologie propre à la sphère publique et aux défis que pose sa normalisation sur le plan juridique, technique, linguistique et culturel. La dernière partie est consacrée à un examen minutieux de cette terminologie, alimenté par des données issues d’un travail de compilation lexicale et par la description détaillée d’un atelier de développement terminologique. Sous la forme d’une synthèse, sont mises au jour les bases productives et affixes récurrents, l’adoption des modes de désignation, les questions liées au découpage du réel et enfin les caractéristiques et défis actuels de la langue inuit en tant que langue spécialisée, dans un contexte où la parole contribue à pérenniser les rapports d’autorité et de pouvoir. Élaboré sous la forme d’une matrice, le lexique analytique trilingue (inuktitut-français-anglais), placé en annexe, constitue un outil d’analyse voué à nourrir la réflexion d’ordre lexicologique engagée par les professionnels de la langue inuit au Nunavut. Mots clés : Inuit, inuktitut, ethnolinguistique, néologie, lexicologie, parole, autorité, pouvoir, Nunavut, Arctique canadien
Using North American anthropology and European ethnolinguistics in a combined approach, this thesis studies Inuit neological activity undertaken in concerted action, called taiguusiliurniq. The first part examines diachronically the relations of power as regards language maintained over centuries between the Inuit of Eastern Arctic Canada and explorers, whalers, merchants, missionaries and finally with the administration; all of these making up the background on which arose the professions of interpreters and translators working with Inuktitut, along with the early days of institutionalized neology. The second part deals with the emergence of the terminology specific to the public sphere and to the challenges of its standardization in legal, technical, linguistic and cultural terms. The last part offers a careful examination of this terminology, fueled by data extracted from the creation of a lexicon and by a detailed description of a terminology development workshop. In a synthetic format, recurrent verb and noun roots along with affixes are highlighted, as well as choices regarding modes of designation, and the current challenges of Inuit language as a specialized language in a context where speech plays a part in the perpetuation of the relations of power and authority as regards language. Developed as a matrix, the trilingual analytical lexicon (Inuktitut-French-English) placed in the appendix is designed as an analytical tool meant to feed the lexicological reflection that Nunavut Inuit language professionals are engaged in. Keywords: Inuit, Inuktitut, ethnolinguistics, neology, lexicology, speech, authority, power, Nunavut, Canadian Arctic

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Maneglia, Nelly. "Minéraux indicateurs du district aurifère de Meliadine (Nunavut, Canada)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27846.

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Le district aurifère de Meliadine se situe à 25 kilomètres au nord de Rankin Inlet, Nunavut (Canada), dans la ceinture archéenne de roches vertes de Rankin Inlet. L’assise rocheuse est composée de roches sédimentaires métamorphosées au grade des schistes verts incluant des Formations de Fer Rubanées (FFR) intercalées avec des roches mafiques. La minéralisation aurifère est distribuée le long de la faille Pyke. Des FFR abritent la minéralisation aurifère composée de veines de quartz riches en sulfures. Sept échantillons de till ont été prélevés parallèlement au sens de l’écoulement glaciaire à l’indice Mustang, le long d’un transect de 2 km. Deux échantillons ont été collectés en amont de l’indice et cinq dans le train de dispersion. La composition de la magnétite, de la tourmaline, de la scheelite, de l’arsénopyrite et de la galène a été investiguée par microsonde électronique et par ablation laser et spectrométrie de masse à plasma à couplage inductif. La composition chimique de ces minéraux indicateurs provenant des dépôts est comparée avec celle des grains des échantillons de tills. La signature chimique de la magnétite des FFR est plus riche en Al que la signature de la magnétite magmatique et métamorphique, qui elle est plus riche en V. Cependant elle se confond en partie avec celle de la magnétite hydrothermale. Des grains de tourmaline avec un profil de terres rares plat avec anomalie positive en europium sont présents dans des veines de quartz-carbonate des dépôts et dans certains échantillons de till en aval de l’indice Mustang. Des grains de scheelite avec un profil de terres rares en cloche et une anomalie négative en europium sont retrouvés à l’indice Mustang ainsi que dans certains échantillons en aval de l’indice. L’abondance des grains d’or ainsi que la scheelite et la tourmaline portant la signature géochimique des dépôts de Meliadine permettent de détecter l’indice d’or Mustang partiellement érodé par les glaciers.
The Meliadine Gold District is located about 25 kilometres north of Rankin Inlet, Nunavut (Canada), in the Archean Rankin Inlet greenstone belt. The bedrock is composed of greenschist facies metamorphic sedimentary rocks including Banded Iron Formations (BIF), interbedded with mafic volcanic rocks. Auriferous mineralization is distributed along the Pyke fault. Iron formations host the gold mineralization composed of sulfide-rich mesothermal quartz veins. Gold is mainly disseminated in BIF and quartz-carbonate veins. Seven till samples were collected parallel to the direction of ice flow at the Mustang showing, along a 2 km transect. Two are located up-ice and five down-ice in the dispersal train. The composition of magnetite, tourmaline, scheelite, arsenopyrite and galena has been investigated by Electron Probe Micro-Analyser and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. The chemical composition of these indicator minerals in the deposits is compared with the composition of grains extracted from the till samples. Magnetite from BIF is enriched in Al and bears chemical similarities with hydrothermal magnetite, whereas magnetite from magmatic and metamorphic sources has a higher content in V. Tourmaline from quartz-carbonate veins hosted by mafic rocks is characterised by a flat Rare Earth Elements (REE) pattern with a positive europium anomaly also found in tourmaline from till samples down-ice of the Mustang showing. Scheelite with a bell-shape REE pattern and a negative europium anomaly from the Mustang showing is also found in till samples within the dispersal train. Gold grain abundance, as well as the signature of scheelite and tourmaline reflecting the gold deposits allow detecting the partially eroded gold mineralization.

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Zabenskie, Susan. "Post-glacial climatic change on Boothia Peninsula, Nunavut, Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27432.

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A high temporal resolution pollen diagram from a lake in the middle-Arctic region of the Boothia Peninsula, Nunavut, Canada, documents the history of the regional vegetation and climate for the past 7200 years. A diatom sequence had been previously prepared from this core. Major tundra pollen taxa in the core include Cyperaceae and Salix, with Cyperaceae comprising over 50% of the pollen in the early and late Holocene. Tree pollen, transported from far to the south, comprised a large percentage of the pollen sum, with Pinus accounting for 30% of the pollen in some levels of the core. Pollen percentages and concentrations of taxa typical of the middle-Arctic were highest in the mid-Holocene, corresponding to warm conditions. Decreasing pollen concentrations indicate cooling temperatures, with more rapid decreases occurring around 4200, 3800-3400, and 2500 cal yr BP. Pollen percentages of Salix, Cyperaceae, and Artemisia increased in the past 35 years in response to global warming. Reconstructions of July temperature using the modern analog technique showed the mid-Holocene (5800-2800 cal yr BP) was approximately 1°C higher than during the past 1000 years.

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Marchand, Anne-Sophie. "La vitalité ethnolinguistique de la minorité franco-manitobaine (Canada) : facteurs de maintien et facteurs de régression linguistiques." Besançon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BESA1006.

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Cette étude analyse les facteurs de développement et d'assimilation de la minorité linguistique francophone du Manitoba à travers le prisme des représentations discursives des locuteurs recueillies lors d'enquêtes de type qualitatif et a pour objectif d'examiner comment les faits (historiques, politiques, scolaires, culturels et linguistiques) sont assimiles puis (re)traduits et exprimes par les individus. En nous aidant de plusieurs méthodes analytiques (analyses de discours, sociolinguistique interactionnelle, etc. ) Et en corrélant à la fois les critères objectifs et subjectifs, on observe différentes formes de survivance de la minorité franco- manitobaine, de la plus visible au sentiment linguistique le plus intime, caractéristiques d'identités en balancement. Par ailleurs, et malgré une politique linguistique canadienne revalorisant le statut du français, on constate souvent que les locuteurs franco-manitobains souffrent d'une diglossie anglais/français et d'une insécurité linguistique qui pèsent fortement sur leurs comportements langagiers et déteignent sur leur francité. Cet état de faits provoque parfois des conflits linguistiques - entre le même et l'autre, entre francophones et vis-vis des autres minorités - générant une schizoglossie voire même une assimilation et influe sur leurs performances langagières (réduction stylistique, surutilisation de variantes due au contact avec l'anglais, etc. ). A l'interface de cet intersecté empreint d'un mélange de deux langues en contact, on peut encore observer dans le parler franco-manitobain le maintien de dialectes français et franco-canadiens tels que le patois jurassien transplante il y a un siècle et le métis (pidgin franco cri (langue amérindienne)), véritables "lieux de mémoire" et de métissage d'identités franco-manitobaines en devenir.

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Nancarrow, Tanya Lawrene. "Climate change impacts on dietary nutrient status of Inuit in Nunavut, Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112545.

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This thesis characterizes the nutritional implications of climate change impacts on the traditional food system of Inuit in Nunavut, Canada. Both focus groups and food frequency questionnaires were used in collaboration with two communities to describe current climate change impacts on traditional food and define nutrient intake. Currently, both communities experience climate-related changes to important species which provide high levels of key nutrients. If climate changes continue to impact traditional food species, serious nutritional losses may occur unless healthy alternatives can be found. Policy should support Inuit communities to maintain optimal nutrition in the face of climate change.

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Beausoleil, Yvette Léa. "Eclogite xenoliths from the Jericho and Muskox kimberlites, Nunavut, Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43556.

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A total of 109 eclogite xenoliths from the Jericho and Muskox kimberlites (Nunavut, Canada) were studied petrographically and mineralogically to constrain their depth distribution within the Northern Slave mantle. The eclogites are dominated by pyrope-almandine and omphacite with accessory rutile, apatite and olivine. Garnet-clinopyroxene thermobaromtry suggests that Northern Slave eclogites formed at 670 -1300 °C and 25 – 70 kbar. Eclogites were classified into Group A, B, or C based on mineral composition and into massive and foliated textural types. Group A Northern Slave eclogites may have formed as cumulates from mantle mafic melts, whereas Group B and C eclogites are interpreted as modified subducted oceanic crust. All Northern Slave eclogites were subjected to partial melting and recrystallization, which produced secondary high-MgO garnet and clinopyroxene, phlogopite, amphibole carbonates and spinel group minerals. The recrystallization was caused by an influx of carbonatitic and hydrous hot fluid. The most recent heating event immediately predating kimberlite eruption resulted in garnet and clinopyroxene zoning. Diamondiferous eclogites from the Northern Slave are always massive and belong mostly to Group A. The majority of diamondiferous eclogites from the Northern Slave occur at shallower depths than those from the Central Slave craton. The criteria for distinguishing diamondiferous eclogites based on high Na₂O content in garnet and high K₂O content in clinopyroxenes can be applied only to Muskox eclogites. The high Mg content in both garnet and clinopyroxene best distinguishes the diamondiferous eclogites from Jericho. A model with multiple subducted slabs of oceanic crust below the Slave craton is proposed. The deepest subducted slab (190 – 210 km) dated at 1.88 – 1.84 Ga below the Central Slave extends to shallower depths of 170 – 185 km below the Northern Slave. Another slab (1.95 – 1.91 Ga) that occurs at 140 – 160 km below the Central Slave may extend to the north where it becomes progressively thicker from imbrication. The shallowest (120 – 130 km) and oldest (2.67 – 2.6 Ga) slab occurs only below the Northern Slave. Eclogites of mantle origin formed in mafic magma chambers, which existed only below the Northern Slave at 135 – 150 km depths.

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Pobric, Vedran. "Eclogite xenoliths from the Chidliak kimberlite, Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada." University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/63414.

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The full abstract for this thesis is available in the body of the thesis, and will be available when the embargo expires.
Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate

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Ostertag, Sonja. "Estimated dietary exposure to perfluorinated compounds in Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112549.

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Perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCAs), sulfonates (PFSs) and perfluoroalkylsulfonamides (PFOSAs) have been detected in whole blood and serum of non-occupationally exposed humans, yet sources of exposure have not been fully elucidated. The objectives of this study were to estimate dietary exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), PFCAs (C7--C 11) and fluorotelomer unsaturated carboxylates (FTUCAs) for the general Canadian and Inuit populations prior to the phase-out of perfluorooctyl-sulfonyl production by 3M and voluntary reductions in PFOA emissions under the PFOA stewardship program. PFCs were measured in 65 archived composite food samples prepared for the 1998 Canadian Total Diet Study (TDS) and 68 archived traditional foods from Nunavut using a newly developed methanol extraction combined with a solid phase extraction clean up. Dietary exposure was estimated using food intake data available from studies carried out between 1997 and 1998 in southern Canada and Nunavut.
PFCs were detected in eight composite food samples from the Canadian TDS and in 61 traditional food samples. Elevated concentrations of PFCs were found in caribou liver (6.2+/-5.5 ng/g), ringed seal liver (7.7, 10.2 ng/g), polar bear meat (7.0 ng/g), beluga meat (7.0, 5.8 ng/g), luncheon meats (5.02 ng/g), cookies (2.7 ng/g), processed cheese (2.1 ng/g) and peppers (1.8 ng/g). Low levels of total PFCs (<1.5 ng/g) were measured in 41 traditional foods including: meat (caribou, ptarmigan, snow goose, bearded seal, walrus, black duck), berries, and fish (lake trout, arctic char). PFCs were not detected in beverages, unprocessed meats, breads, cereals and fruits from the TDS composite samples analyzed.
The ranges of estimated daily exposure to PFCs were between 2 and 59 ng-person-1 and 210 to 610 ng-person-1 for average Canadians and Inuit in Nunavut respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in mean PFC exposure levels for different age and gender groups in the general Canadian population. Inuit men in the 41 to 60 year old age group had statistically significantly higher estimated daily exposure to PFCs (p<0.05) than younger men and women from the same age group. This higher exposure was associated with the consumption of beluga muktuk, caribou liver and bearded seal intestine.
Traditional foods contributed a higher percentage to PFC exposure than market foods in all age and gender groups for the Inuit population. In general, caribou meat, arctic char meat and cookies contributed most to dietary exposure for Inuit, with caribou flesh contributing 43 to 75 percent to daily PFC dietary exposure. Dietary exposure for the general Canadian population was associated with the consumption of cakes and cookies, processed cheese, and regular cheese.
Levels of dietary exposure to PFCs estimated in these studies do not pose any significant health risk to either population based on current toxicological information.

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Craufurd-Lewis, Michael. "The bones and blood of Nunavut." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262500.

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Gobit, Johanna. "Territoire politique et identités autochtones-spatialités en mutation : le cas de la communauté inuit des îles Belcher au Nunavut (Canada)." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30029.

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Le 1er avril 1999, le Canada redessinait ses frontières intérieures en entérinant la création d'un troisième Territoire : le Nunavut. Issu de près de 30 années de négociations, le Nunavut est aujourd'hui un territoire identitaire, non ethnique, peuplé à 85 % par les Inuit qui conduisent leur propre politique Pour comprendre la manière dont ils ont construit le Nunavut, le vivent et le rêvent, une réflexion à la fois conceptuelle, épistémologique et méthodologique s'est imposée. Nous avons été amenée à repenser les méthodes de recherche habituellement utilisées, ainsi que certains concepts fondamentaux de la géographie occidentale, comme celui de territoire. En accédant à une forme de territoire politique les Inuit ont en effet dû concilier leur conception du territoire, fondée sur une cosmogonie où la Terre est génitrice, avec celle véhiculée par le modèle idéologique occidental. Le territoire politique du Nunavut, en reconnaissant le droit des hommes sur la Terre, bouleverse les fondements de la spatialité inuit. En choisissant d'appartenir au Nunavut, allant à l'encontre de ses réseaux sociaux et spatiaux, la communauté inuit des îles Belcher, a exprimé une identité spatiale essentielle, liée au territoire fondateur des baies James et Hudson. Cet exemple montre que la création du Nunavut a permis l'expression d'une spatialité fondatrice, rendue possible grâce à la manière dont les dirigeants inuit ont négocié avec le pouvoir fédéral en injectant, à chaque étape des négociations, leurs propres valeurs culturelles. Le Nunavut matérialise l'ajustement d'un modèle territorial occidental par une idéologie spatiale autochtone
On April, 1st 1999, the creation of a third territory called Nunavut led to a reorganisation of the internal boundaries of Canada. After some 30-year negociations, Nunavut has become a territory with a strong identity, but with no ethnic meaning. The land is peopled up to 85% by Inuit natives who follow their own policy. To understand the way the Inuit have built Nunavut and now experience and dream it on a day-to-day basis, our investigation led us to a conceptual, epistemological and methodological inquiry. We first questioned the research methods that were used by our predecessors and some basic concepts underlying Western geographical notions such as that of "territory". In achieving a form of political territory, the Inuit had to fit their own conception of the territory -based on a cosmogony in which the Earth is the mother of men- to the Western ideological model of territory. By acknowledging the right men have upon the Earth, the Nunavut political territory disrupts the foundations of the inuit sense of place. When they chose to belong to Nunavut, the Inuit community of the Belcher islands turned their back on the social and spatial networks that connected them to Nunavik. They decided instead that their essential spatial identity should be linked to the core territory of Hudson Bay and James Bay. This example shows that the creation of Nunavut led to the expression of a foundational sense of place. This was mainly possible because of the way Inuit leaders negotiated with the Federal, by instilling their own cultural values at each step of the negotiations. Nunavut materializes the adjustment of a territorial model by a native ideology of space

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Courtney, Mustaphi Colin. "Analysis of Laminated Sediments from Lake DV09, Northern Devon Island, Nunavut, Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19603.

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A 147cm sediment core from Lake DV09, northern Devon Island, Nunavut, Canada (75° 34’34”N, 89° 18’55”W) contains annually-laminated (varved) sediments, providing a 1600-year record of climate variability. A minerogenic lamina deposited during the annual thaw period and a thin deposit of organic matter deposited during the summer and through the winter, together form a clastic-organic couplet each year. The thinnest varves occur from AD800-1050, and the thickest from AD1100-1300, during the Medieval Warm Period. The relative sediment density is also highest during this period suggesting increased sediment transport energy. The coldest period of the Little Ice Age appears to be during the AD1600s. Varve widths over the past century indicate climate warming in the region.
This research program was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), and the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS). A tuition bursary from Ultramar Inc. also helped in making this research possible. Logistical support was provided by the Polar Continental Shelf Project (PCSP Contribution number 04508).

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Mortimer, Colleen Adel. "Quantification of Changes for the Milne Ice Shelf, Nunavut, Canada, 1950 - 2009." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19773.

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This study presents a comprehensive overview of the current state of the Milne Ice Shelf and how it has changed over the last 59 years. The 205 ±1 km2 ice shelf experienced a 28% (82 ±0.8 km2) reduction in area between 1950 – 2009, and a 20% (2.5 ±0.9km3 water equivalent (w.e.)) reduction in volume between 1981 – 2008/2009, suggesting a long-term state of negative mass balance. Comparison of mean annual specific mass balances (up to -0.34 m w.e. yr-1) with surface mass balance measurements for the nearby Ward Hunt Ice Shelf suggest that basal melt is a key contributor to total ice shelf thinning. The development and expansion of new and existing surface cracks, as well as ice-marginal and epishelf lake development, indicate significant ice shelf weakening. Over the next few decades it is likely that the Milne Ice Shelf will continue to deteriorate.

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15

Marković, Goran. "The age and origin of megacrysts in the Jericho kimberlite (Nunavut, Canada)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31986.

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Fourteen samples of megacrysts from Jericho kimberlite have been studied. The study includes petrography, geochemistry of major and minor elements, thermobarometry and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic analyses. The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between megacrysts and kimberlites (xenocrystal vs cognate) and shed light on the nature of melts parental to kimberlite megacrysts. The Jericho megacrysts include garnet, clinopyroxene, olivine, ilmenite and orthopyroxene. A unique feature of Jericho megacrysts is its gradual transition from discrete megacrysts to megacrystalline pyroxenites. Equilibrium temperatures and pressures were calculated for eight megacryst samples. All calculated P-T place megacrysts into deep garnet-bearing mantle, with T=1200-1280° C and P=60-71 kbar. The P-T estimates for orthopyroxene-bearing samples are identical to P-T estimates for orthopyroxene-free samples, with 195-230 km depth range. Thermobarometric data on Jericho megacrysts cannot give a definitive answer about their origin. The ratios of Rb and Sr isotopes define a slope that corresponds to the age of 179 ± 21 Ma, Sm-Nd system gives an age of 177 ± 7.3 Ma and Lu-Hf ratios define a line with a slope that corresponds to the age of 169 ± 63 Ma. The Sm-Nd apparent isochron age of megacrysts (177 ± 7.3 Ma) falls within the brackets of the Jericho kimberlite age, as determined from the Rb-Sr isotopic systematics of phlogopite (171.9 ± 2.6 Ma). Isotopic ratios of megacrysts and kimberlite are different, supporting a view that megacrysts could not crystallize from kimberlite magma. On the Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic diagrams, the majority of megacrysts plot within the mixing array of HIMU mantle and EM I and thus can be produced by melting of the metasomatically altered CLM that experienced preferential extraction of Rb and Pb by CO₂-rich fluids (HIMU reservoir) and addition of lower continental crust (EMI reservoir). On the Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic diagrams kimberlites plot within mixing array of HIMU mantle and EM II. A protolith for the kimberlites can be the metasomatically altered CLM (HIMU) that incorporated some subducted terrigenous sediments of the upper crust (EMII reservoir). The difference in Sr-Nd systematics of Jericho megacrysts and kimberlites can be explained by varied contribution of EMI or EMII to prevalent HIMU-type mantle. Results obtained in this study suggest that Jericho megacrysts did not crystallize from host kimberlite. Even though megacrysts are not phenocrysts, they should be considered cognate to kimberlites having crystallized from associated quasi- contemporaneous melts rather than being xenocrysts totally unrelated by the age.
Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate

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16

Courtney, Mustaphi Colin John. "Analysis of laminated sediments from Lake DV09, northern Devon Island, Nunavut, Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28123.

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A 147cm sediment core from Lake DV09, northern Devon Island, Nunavut, Canada (75° 34'34"N, 89° 18'55"W) contains annually-laminated (varved) sediments, providing a 1600-year record of climate variability. A minerogenic lamina deposited during the annual thaw period and a thin deposit of organic matter deposited during the summer and through the winter, together form a clastic-organic couplet each year. The thinnest varves occur from AD800-1050, and the thickest from AD1100-1300, during the Medieval Warm Period. The relative sediment density is also highest during this period suggesting increased sediment transport energy. The coldest period of the Little Ice Age appears to be during the AD 1600s. Varve widths over the past century indicate climate warming in the region.

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17

Algus, Mitchell. "The development of coastal bluffs in a permafrost environment : Kivitoo Peninsula, Baffin Island, Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=73960.

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18

Canobbio, Éric. "Géopolitique d'une ambition Inuit : le cas nunavik." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081213.

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Ce travail de recherches en geopolitique se propose d'analyser les evolutions recentes de la region arctique canadienne. Particulierement au nord-quebec, et dans les actuels territoires du nord-ouest, des petits groupes inuit revendiquent aujourd'hui d'immenses territoires a leurs autorites de tutelles. Cette analyse est essentiellement consacree au processus d'autodetermination politique de la vaste region du nunavik (nord-quebec) et aux recentes revendications des inuit quebecois en matiere de partage des ressources regionales (renouvelables et non renouvelables), de droits environs mentaux, et de pouvoirs politiques a travers la mise en place d'institutions inuit inedites. Ces revendications territoriales emanant des inuit quebecois, contrarient desormais ouvertement le projet nationaliste quebecois. Cette analyse de geopolitique sur l'evolution actuelle du nunavik, tend a determiner le mecanisme de ce regionalisme arctique singulier. Le processus d'evolution du territoire du munavut est considere dans ce travail de recherches, a travers sa dimension politique, de "modele regional" pour le nunavik
This piece of research in geopolitics intends to analyse the recent evolutions of the canadian arctic region. Particularly in north quebec and in the present northwest territories, small inuit groups claim hudge territories from their governement authorities. This analysis is mainly devoted to the political process of self-government of the vast nunavik region and to the recent claims by quebec inuit in the matter of sharing regional resources, environmental rights and political powers, through the setting-up of original inuit institutions. Therefore, this claims openely go against the quebec nationalist project. In this piece of research, the evolution process of the nunavut territory is considered in its political dimension as a "regional model for the nunavik

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19

De, Bronac de Vazelhes Victor, and Bronac de Vazelhes Victor De. "Étude de la dispersion d'un gisement d'or dans les sédiments glaciaires : le cas d'Amaruq (Nunavut, Canada)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37057.

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La minéralisation aurifère de la propriété Amaruq (Nunavut, CA) est recouverte par divers sédiments glaciaires ayant formé des traînées de débris minéralisés sur des surfaces importantes. Ce projet a pour objectif de caractériser la signature minéralogique et géochimique du gisement aurifère dans le till de surface afin de développer des méthodes de prospection pour les travaux d’exploration. 61 échantillons de till ont été récoltés le long de quatre transects pour déterminer les variations de composition dans la direction principale de l’écoulement glaciaire (NNO). Quatre profils verticaux d’ostioles, un par transect, ont été échantillonnés pour documenter la variation de la signature géochimique avec la profondeur. La signature chimique de la scheelite dans le gisement est comparée à celle retrouvée dans le till et permet de tester son utilisation comme outil de prospection glacio-sédimentaire. Trois des quatre profils d’ostioles présentent des concentrations stables des éléments traces avec la profondeur, indiquant une bonne homogénéisation du till par les processus cryogéniques. Les ostioles sont donc un milieu d’échantillonnage pertinent en région de pergélisol. Les analyses en composantes principales (ACP) de la géochimie des échantillons d’une campagne de till fournie par Mines Agnico Eagle ltée (AEM), et les données des transects, décrivent la variance de la roche encaissante mafique/ultramafique et de la minéralisation aurifére (CP1 et CP2 respectivement). Le krigeage des scores de la CP1 et CP2 indiquent des trains de dispersion vers le NNO, en aval glaciaire des zones minéralisées. Les comptages des minéraux indicateurs (MI : or et scheelite) augmentent de façon importante à environ 1.4 km en aval de la minéralisation dans le secteur est de la propriété, dans un till distal formant des formes drumlinoides. Dans le secteur ouest, recouvert d’un till proximal formant des crêtes morainiques, les comptages des MI et les scores de la CP1 augmentent directement en aval de la minéralisation. Les différences de distance de transport entre ces deux secteurs reflètent un changement de la dynamique glaciaire et démontrent l’importance du contexte local dans les travaux de prospection glaciaire. La comparaison de la signature géochimique de la scheelite entre le gisement et et des échantillons de till du transect de Whale Tail, grâce à des diagrammes discriminants et spectres des terres rares, montrent d’importantes similitudes, démontrant sa potentielle utilisation en prospection glacio-sédimentaire pour des gisements de type orogéniques.
La minéralisation aurifère de la propriété Amaruq (Nunavut, CA) est recouverte par divers sédiments glaciaires ayant formé des traînées de débris minéralisés sur des surfaces importantes. Ce projet a pour objectif de caractériser la signature minéralogique et géochimique du gisement aurifère dans le till de surface afin de développer des méthodes de prospection pour les travaux d’exploration. 61 échantillons de till ont été récoltés le long de quatre transects pour déterminer les variations de composition dans la direction principale de l’écoulement glaciaire (NNO). Quatre profils verticaux d’ostioles, un par transect, ont été échantillonnés pour documenter la variation de la signature géochimique avec la profondeur. La signature chimique de la scheelite dans le gisement est comparée à celle retrouvée dans le till et permet de tester son utilisation comme outil de prospection glacio-sédimentaire. Trois des quatre profils d’ostioles présentent des concentrations stables des éléments traces avec la profondeur, indiquant une bonne homogénéisation du till par les processus cryogéniques. Les ostioles sont donc un milieu d’échantillonnage pertinent en région de pergélisol. Les analyses en composantes principales (ACP) de la géochimie des échantillons d’une campagne de till fournie par Mines Agnico Eagle ltée (AEM), et les données des transects, décrivent la variance de la roche encaissante mafique/ultramafique et de la minéralisation aurifére (CP1 et CP2 respectivement). Le krigeage des scores de la CP1 et CP2 indiquent des trains de dispersion vers le NNO, en aval glaciaire des zones minéralisées. Les comptages des minéraux indicateurs (MI : or et scheelite) augmentent de façon importante à environ 1.4 km en aval de la minéralisation dans le secteur est de la propriété, dans un till distal formant des formes drumlinoides. Dans le secteur ouest, recouvert d’un till proximal formant des crêtes morainiques, les comptages des MI et les scores de la CP1 augmentent directement en aval de la minéralisation. Les différences de distance de transport entre ces deux secteurs reflètent un changement de la dynamique glaciaire et démontrent l’importance du contexte local dans les travaux de prospection glaciaire. La comparaison de la signature géochimique de la scheelite entre le gisement et et des échantillons de till du transect de Whale Tail, grâce à des diagrammes discriminants et spectres des terres rares, montrent d’importantes similitudes, démontrant sa potentielle utilisation en prospection glacio-sédimentaire pour des gisements de type orogéniques.
On the Amaruq property (Nunavut, CA), the gold mineralization is covered by a patchwork of glacial sediments, including trains of mineralized debris dispersed over large surfaces. This project aims to define the deposit mineralogical and multi-elemental signatures in surface sediments to guide exploration in the area. A total of 61 samples were collected from frost boils along four NNW transects, parallel to the major ice flow direction, in order to assess the spatial variability of the deposit signature using till matrix geochemistry and indicator minerals. Four profiles in frost boils were sampled, one in each transect, in order to document trace elements depth variation. The scheelite geochemical signature from the deposit is compared to that in till from the Whale Tail transect to test its applicability in drift prospecting. Three out of four frost boil profiles exposed constant trace elements concentrations at depth, reflecting a good till homogenization by cryoturbation. Therefore, frost boils are a suitable medium of sampling for exploration purpose in permafrost terrain. Principal component analysis (PCA) of a previous till survey by Agnico Eagle Mines ldt (AEM) and transect samples define the ultramafic/mafic host rock of the mineralization and a pathfinder element suite characteristic of lode gold deposits (PC1 and PC2, respectively). Kriging of PC1 and PC2 defines a dispersal train oriented NNW, down ice of known mineralization. In the eastern part of the property, covered mostly by a distal till forming drumlinoid ridges, indicator mineral counts (IM: gold and scheelite) increase to a maximum approximately 1.4 km down ice from the outcropping zone. Western transects, largely covered by a proximal till forming morainal ridges, show a sharp increase of counts directly down-ice of mineralization. The difference in glacial transport between these two sectors represents a local change of ice dynamic and shows the importance of understanding the local context in exploration when interpreting glacial dispersal patterns. The comparison of the trace element signature between the deposit and the till scheelite using discriminant diagrams and REE abundance shows similarities, supporting its usefullness in drift prospecting for orogenic gold deposits.
On the Amaruq property (Nunavut, CA), the gold mineralization is covered by a patchwork of glacial sediments, including trains of mineralized debris dispersed over large surfaces. This project aims to define the deposit mineralogical and multi-elemental signatures in surface sediments to guide exploration in the area. A total of 61 samples were collected from frost boils along four NNW transects, parallel to the major ice flow direction, in order to assess the spatial variability of the deposit signature using till matrix geochemistry and indicator minerals. Four profiles in frost boils were sampled, one in each transect, in order to document trace elements depth variation. The scheelite geochemical signature from the deposit is compared to that in till from the Whale Tail transect to test its applicability in drift prospecting. Three out of four frost boil profiles exposed constant trace elements concentrations at depth, reflecting a good till homogenization by cryoturbation. Therefore, frost boils are a suitable medium of sampling for exploration purpose in permafrost terrain. Principal component analysis (PCA) of a previous till survey by Agnico Eagle Mines ldt (AEM) and transect samples define the ultramafic/mafic host rock of the mineralization and a pathfinder element suite characteristic of lode gold deposits (PC1 and PC2, respectively). Kriging of PC1 and PC2 defines a dispersal train oriented NNW, down ice of known mineralization. In the eastern part of the property, covered mostly by a distal till forming drumlinoid ridges, indicator mineral counts (IM: gold and scheelite) increase to a maximum approximately 1.4 km down ice from the outcropping zone. Western transects, largely covered by a proximal till forming morainal ridges, show a sharp increase of counts directly down-ice of mineralization. The difference in glacial transport between these two sectors represents a local change of ice dynamic and shows the importance of understanding the local context in exploration when interpreting glacial dispersal patterns. The comparison of the trace element signature between the deposit and the till scheelite using discriminant diagrams and REE abundance shows similarities, supporting its usefullness in drift prospecting for orogenic gold deposits.

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20

Loring, Eric. "The cost-benefit relations of modern Inuit hunting : the Kapuivimiut of Foxe Basin, N.W.T. Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24091.

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Economic data concerning the costs and benefits of Inuit subsistence in the Igloolik region of Nunavut were collected during the summer of 1992. The purpose of the research was to develop a method of valuation to showcase the high "profit", in economic terms, that harvested country food provides.
Wildlife harvesting in Inuit communities represents a traditional way of life which is threatened by the increasing expansion of wage employment, industrial development and the availability of store bought food. However, rather than having a marginalizing effect, these changes make subsistence hunting an essential economic activity.
This thesis develops a method to measure the harvest of country food through a dollar value standard thus quantifying the real economic benefits of Inuit subsistence. The value of harvested food can then be compared economically to store bought food. This comparison shows that subsistence hunting provides Inuit with a relatively inexpensive food source, equivalent to $6 million of income ``in kind'' per community in the Baffin Region. In this era of store bought food and wage employment, Inuit communities remain economically and socially integrated through subsistence hunting. Without harvesting, northern communities would be culturally and nutritionally poorer than at any time in the past.

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21

Grom, Jackie. "Retrogressive thaw slump process and morphology, Eureka Sound Lowlands, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22043.

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Climate change is expected to have a significant impact on arctic regions, most notably in ice-rich permafrost regions. Retrogressive thaw slumps, backwasting resulting from the exposure of ice-rich permafrost, are a prominent thermokarst feature throughout the arctic and are projected to increase in frequency and extent under warming climate scenarios. However, there is limited information on retrogressive thaw slump activity and field observations are complicated by dynamic interactions between morphology and climate. This work attempts to further define these controls to increase understanding of retrogressive thaw slump processes. Spatial variations in headwall retreat indicate energy input and morphological influence on the landform. Morphologic factors such as ice face angles and the nature of ground ice are observed and analyzed for a relation to ice ablation and headwall retreat. Additionally, spatial microclimates are investigated to define the specific energy conditions at the ablating ice face. Analysis indicates that air temperatures in the vicinity of the ice face vary from exterior temperatures in response to solar radiation and wind speed and direction. Periods of high solar radiation and winds originating from upslope of the headwall potentially create a feedback process for headwall retreat.
Les changements climatiques auront des impacts significatifs sur les regions arctiques, particulièrement les régions de pergélisol. Les glissements régressif dû au dégel (retrogressive thaw slumps), sont le résultat de l'exposition du pergélisol riche en glace. Ces glissements sont des formes de terrain (thermokarst) communes aux régions arctiques, et leur fréquence et distribution risquent d'augmenter due aux scénarios de changements climatiques. Toutefois, nous avons des connaissances limitées sur l'activité des glissements régressif dû au dégel et les observations de terrain sont compliquées dues aux interactions dynamiques entre la morphologie et le climat. La présente étude tente de définir les facteurs de contrôle afin d'améliorer notre compréhension du processus des glissement régressif dû au dégel. Les variations spatiales du retrait du mur frontal (headwall) indiquent un intrant d'énergie et une influence morphologique de la forme de terrain. Les facteurs morphologiques, tels l'angle du front de glace et la nature de la glace souterraine ont été observées et analysées en relation avec le taux d'ablation de la glace et le retrait du front (headwall). De plus, les patrons spatiaux de micro-climat ont été étudiés afin de définir les conditions spécifiques d'énergie au front d'ablation de la glace. Les analyses ont indiqué que la température de l'air à proximité de la paroi de glace varie comparativement à la température extérieure, en réponse à la radiation solaire et la vitesse et direction du vent. Les périodes de haute radiation solaire et les vents qui proviennent du haut du mur frontal ont le potentiel de créer un processus de retrait du mur frontal.

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22

Van, Wychen Wesley. "Spatial and Temporal Variations in Ice Motion, Belcher Glacier, Devon Island, Nunavut, Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28611.

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This study presents surface ice motion patterns across Devon Ice Cap, with a particular focus on the Belcher Glacier drainage basin. Between summer 2007 and summer 2009, continuous differential GPS (dGPS) measurements were made to determine the motion at points along the centerline of the Belcher Glacier with ∼cm accuracy. In summer 2008, marker stakes were set out on all accessible tributaries in the Belcher basin, with each stake being surveyed with dGPS several times throughout the season. Using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) speckle tracking techniques new velocity maps were produced of seasonal changes in ice motion for the Belcher Glacier. These were validated against the field dGPS results. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) was used to determine the ice depths of each tributary basin in the Belcher Glacier study region. These ice depths are combined with velocities derived from the speckle tracking results to create flux gates which allow for estimates of total ice discharge for the Belcher basin. These volume estimates can be used to improve mass loss estimates for future modeling of Devon Ice Cap. The velocity results are compared to the work of Burgess et al (2005), who provided flow dynamics and mass loss from the Devon Ice Cap and Belcher Glacier systems using interferometry and speckle tracking of ERS 1/2 data from the mid-1990s and Radarsat-1 data from 2000. These comparisons reveal higher ice velocities on a large glacier in the southeast part of the ice cap (Southeast2 Glacier), which agrees with recent thickening of the stagnant ice into which the glacier drains.

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23

Aubé-Michaud, Sarah. "Paléogéographie de l'archipel des îles Nuvuk et géoarchéologie du site KcFs-2, Nunavik (Canada)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29783/29783.pdf.

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Afin de mieux comprendre et documenter la relation entre les changements environnementaux et l’occupation humaine dans les régions arctiques, une étude paléogéographique sur l’archipel des îles Nuvuk (Nord du Québec) ainsi qu’une étude géoarchéologique de la structure 3 du site archéologique KcFs-2 ont été entreprises. Les données stratigraphiques et granulométriques ont permis de définir trois types d’environnements dépositionnels dans lesquels a évolué l’archipel des îles Nuvuk : 1) un environnement marin, 2) un environnement littoral de plage (avant-plage et arrière-plage) et 3) un environnement éolien. Les datations 14C réalisées sur des coquilles de Hiatella arctica prélevées sur des terrasses marines holocènes de différents niveaux suggèrent que le relèvement isostatique postglaciaire de l’archipel des îles Nuvuk se serait opéré de façon différente en comparaison avec la côte est de la baie d’Hudson et la rive sud du détroit d’Hudson. Les données micromorphologiques en provenance de la structure 3 et d’un dépotoir situé à proximité révèlent une occupation dorsétienne discontinue, probablement saisonnière.

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24

Shannon, Andrew J. "Volcanic framework and geochemical evolution of the Archean Hope Bay Greenstone Belt, Nunavut, Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/741.

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Part of the Slave Structural Province, the Hope Bay Greenstone Belt is a 82 km long north-striking sequence of supracrustal rocks dominated by mafic volcanic rocks with lesser felsic volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Mapping of two transects in the southern section and two transects in the northern section have contributed to a robust stratigraphic framework the belt. Three recently discovered Archean lode gold deposits in the Hope Bay Greenstone belt have associations with major structures and specific lithologies (Fe-Ti enriched basalts). The Flake Lake and the Clover Transects are in the southern part of the belt and the Wolverine and Doris-Discovery Transects are in the northern part of the belt. This work subdivides the volcanic rocks into distinct suites based upon field, petrologic, geochemical, and geochronologic criteria. Some of the suites are stratigraphically continuous and can be correlated tens of kilometres along strike thereby linking the two parts of the Hope Bay Greenstone Belt. U-Pb geochronology supports work by Hebel (1999) concluded that virtually all the supracrustal rocks in the Hope Bay Greenstone Belt were deposited over at least 53 m.y. (2716-2663 Ma), with the majority of the volcanism occurring after 2700 Ma. A number of basalt groups are identified and include the normal basalt, the LREE-enriched basalt, the Ti-enriched basalt and the Ti-enriched Al-depleted basalt groups. They have chemical signatures that vary in trace elements particularly HFSE and REE’s, and can be easily be distinguished by geochemical screening. The felsic volcanic suites are also divided into three main groups, tholeiitic rhyolite, calc-alkaline dacite and calc-alkaline rhyolite groups. Nd and Hf isotope signatures are consistent with trace element signatures in identifying mafic and felsic volcanic groups, with the tholeiitic rhyolite showing highly variable signature. The Hope Bay Greenstone Belt has been show to have a number of felsic and volcanic cycles. An early construction phase of the belt is made up of primarily mafic volcanics which is followed by felsic volcanism equalled mafic volcanism which lacks basalts enriched in Ti. The geodynamic environment that created the Hope Bay Greenstone Belt can be explained by plume influenced subduction zone.

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25

Copeland, David A. "The structural and metamorphic geology of Big Island, southwest Baffin Island, Nunavut Territory, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0002/MQ46458.pdf.

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26

Turner, William Allan. "Geology and geochemistry of the Mallery Lake precious metal-bearing epithermal system, Nunavut, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0013/MQ60205.pdf.

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27

Russel-Houston, Jennifer C. "Taphonomy and paleosynecology of the Lower Silurian graptoloid fauna, Cape Phillips Formation, Nunavut, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq66681.pdf.

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Sylvestre, Tyler Jeremy. "Spatial patterns of snow accumulation across the Belcher Glacier Basin, Devon Island, Nunavut, Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28363.

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In May 2008, high frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys were conducted on the Belcher Glacier Basin, Devon Ice Cap, and validated with avalanche probe measurements to map the thickness and spatial variability of winter (2007-8) snow. The GPR record was combined with field measurements using a neutron density probe and correlated with NCEP-NCAR climate reanalysis, QSCAT satellite records, and airborne ASIRAS data to derive multi-year snow accumulation patterns across the basin from 2005-7. The distinct characteristics of the GPR record from the surface to 3 m depth were related to the 2007 and 2005 summer surfaces. GPR derived depths to these surfaces and the assessment of the average annual accumulation rate across this basin correlate very well with previous snow accumulation assessments in other parts of Devon Ice Cap (Mair et al. 2005, Colgan et al. 2008 and Koerner 1977). The complex radar returns in the LSS-05 depth range appear to be related to extensive melt processes during summer 2005, together with a large rain event in summer 2006, which produced large quantities of meltwater at all elevations of Devon Ice Cap. The major broad-scale control factor in determining annual and multiyear snow depth patterns for the basin is elevation, with surface topography and distance from the moisture source being locally important. GPR enabled the position of the basin-wide snow line to be determined by observing internal layers emerging at the surface, with the superimposed ice facies and equilibrium line altitude inferred below this altitude.

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29

Pharand, Andrée-Anne. "Paléoécologie des îles Nuvuk (Nunavik, Canada) dans le contexte de leur occupation par les Dorsétiens et les Inuit." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29950/29950.pdf.

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Afin de mieux comprendre l’impact des changements climatiques sur les écosystèmes humides arctiques et documenter la relation Homme-environnement aux îles Nuvuk, Nunavik, une étude paléoécologique a été entreprise sur cinq monolithes de tourbe prélevés des rives de petits lacs situés sur des terrasses marines étagées. En fonction de l’altitude de ces terrasses, l’entourbement a débuté vers 3520, 1520, 950 ou 300 ans étal. BP. Bien que l’établissement et l’évolution de la végétation locale aient été en partie, liés à des facteurs autogènes propres à chacun des sites, le climat semble avoir joué un rôle important. En effet, vers 3520 ans étal. BP, les données suggèrent des conditions mésiques associées probablement au réchauffement climatique de l’Holocène moyen. Par la suite, il y a eu une diversification de la végétation locale engendrée probablement par les conditions fraîches et humides du Néoglaciaire. Au cours du Petit Âge glaciaire les conditions locales auraient été variables. Par ailleurs, les données macrofossiles des monolithes extraits près des sites archéologiques ont révélé la présence des espèces indicatrices d’une occupation humaine entre 950 et 650 ans étal. BP et vers 300 ans étal. BP.

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Giroux, Marie-Andrée. "Effets des ressources allochtones sur une population de renards arctiques à l'île Bylot, Nunavut, Canada." Thèse, [Rimouski, Québec] : Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2007.

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Thèse (M. Sc.) -- Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2007.
Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 5 novembre 2007). Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Rimouski comme exigence partielle du programme de maîtrise en gestion de la faune et de ses habitats. Comprend un résumé. CaQRU CaQRU CaQRU Comprend des bibliogr. Publié aussi en version papier. CaQRU

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White, Adrienne. "Dynamics and Historical Changes of the Petersen Ice Shelf and Epishelf Lake, Nunavut, Canada, since 1959." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23574.

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This study presents the first comprehensive assessment of the Petersen Ice Shelf and the Petersen Bay epishelf lake, and examines their current characteristics and changes to their structure between 1959 and 2012. The surface of the Petersen Ice Shelf is characterized by a rolling topography of ridges and troughs, which is balanced by a rolling basal topography, with thicker ice under the surface ridges and thinner ice under the surface troughs. Based on thickness measurements collected in 2011 and area measurements from August 2012, the Petersen Ice Shelf has a surface area of 19.32 km2 and a mean thickness of 29 m, with the greatest thicknesses (>100 m) occurring at the fronts of tributary glaciers feeding into the ice shelf. The tributary glaciers along the northern coast of Petersen Bay contributed an estimated area-averaged 7.89 to 13.55 cm yr-1 of ice to the ice shelf between 2011 and 2012. This input is counteracted by a mean surface ablation of 1.30 m yr-1 between 2011 and 2012, suggesting strongly negative current mass balance conditions on the ice shelf. The Petersen Ice Shelf remained relatively stable until 2005 when the first break-up in recent history occurred, removing >8 km2 of ice shelf surface area. This break-up led to the drainage of the epishelf lake once the ice shelf separated from the southern coast, providing a conduit through which the freshwater from the lake escaped. More break-ups occurred in summers 2008, 2011 and 2012, which resulted in a >31.2 km2 loss in surface area (~63% of June 2005 area). While ephemeral regions of freshwater have occurred along the southern coast of Petersen Bay since 2005 (with areas ranging from 0.32-0.53 km2), open water events and a channel along the southern coast have prevented the epishelf lake from reforming. Based on these past and present observations it is unlikely that Petersen Ice Shelf will continue to persist long into the future.

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Dowsley, Martha. "The development of multi-level governance for the management of polar bears in Nunavut Territory, Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18694.

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This thesis examines the complex social ecological system involving polar bear management in Nunavut and its conversion from a top-down system to a multi-level governance system. The interactions of the governance scale with the biophysical, economic and social/cultural scales are explored, with emphasis placed on the local levels of these scales. Co-management, as an instituted method of governance, is also examined to evaluate the incorporation of the Euro-Canadian and Inuit ideologies regarding polar bears. The hypothesis that Inuit would gain power through the authority granted to them in co-management was supported. However, the hypothesis that individual polar bear harvesters and other Inuit involved in the formal governance system would adopt the Euro-Canadian ideology due to the influences of the market economy and historic power of the top-down governance system was not well supported. Instead, Inuit used the Euro-Canadian tools of science and the market economy, but resisted top-down management views and the commoditization of polar bears in the market economy. Traditional understandings of social relationships among humans and between humans and bears based on the social economy of subsistence were used to oppose Euro-Canadian views in co-management and in structuring the use of polar bears for economic reasons.
Cette thèse compare le système socio-écologique, impliquant la gestion des ours polaire du Nunavut, et la conversion d'un système de gestion directionel (« top-down ») vers un système de gouvernance multi-niveaux . Les interactions des échelles de gouvernance avec les éléments biophysiques, économiques et socio-culturelles sont abordées, en mettant l'accent sur les échelles locales. La co-gestion, comme méthode de gouvernance, est également examinée afin d'évaluer l'incorporation des idéologies Euro-Canadiennes et Inuits en ce qui concerne les ours polaires. Notre hypothèse de recherche stipule stipulant que les Inuits gagnent du pouvoir par l'acquisition d'une autorité accordée par la co-gestion. Toutefois, nos recherches n'ont pas corroboré l'hypothèse voulant que les individus chassant l'ours polaire et les autres Inuits impliqués dans le système formel de gouvernement adopteraient les idéologies Euro-Canadienne, en raison de l'influence du pouvoir du marché économique et historique présent dans le système de gestion directionnel. Au contraire, les Inuits utilisent les outils scientifiques Euro-Canadiens et l'économie de marché, mais résistent aux idées de gestion directive et la commercialisation des ours polaires dans l'économie de marché. La compréhension traditionelle des relations entre les Hommes, entre les Hommes et les ours polaires sur l'économie sociale de substistance a été utilisée afin d'opposer les idées Euro-Canadiennes de la co-gestion et pour rationaliser l'utilisation de l'ours polaire pour des raisons économiques.

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Smith, Iain Roderick. "Late Quaternary glacial histories and Holocene paleoenvironmental records from northeast and southwest Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0025/NQ34836.pdf.

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Doubleday, Nancy Colleen. "A paleolimnological survey of combustion particles from lakes and ponds in the eastern Arctic, Nunavut, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ54410.pdf.

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Smeda, Braden William. "Area and Volume Changes of Adams Icefield from 1948 to 2019, Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41602.

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There has been a marked increase in melt season length over the past two decades on glaciers and ice caps within Canada’s Queen Elizabeth Islands (QEI). Prior to the year ~2000 land ice was in a state of slightly negative mass balance (-11 +/- 11.5 Gt yr⁻¹ over 1958-1995), but recent GRACE measurements suggest that mass losses averaged -33 +/- 5 Gt yr⁻¹ between 2003-2015. These losses have primarily been attributed to meltwater runoff, making the QEI one of the largest recent contributors to sea level rise outside of the ice sheets. Despite these losses, there is a lack of information concerning how a warming climate is affecting small (<1 km²) ice bodies, which are considered sensitive indicators of change due to their short response time. In this study, historical and contemporary aerial photographs, high resolution optical satellite imagery, and ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys are used to determine area, thickness, mass and volume changes of Adams Icefield within Expedition Fiord, Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, over the past seven decades (1948/59-2019). Area changes are determined from a comparison of air photos acquired in 1948/59 with satellite images acquired since 1979. Contemporary (2001, 2012, 2019) digital elevation models (DEMs) were either collected or created from stereo satellite images, and via aerial photo surveys using Structure from Motion photogrammetry. DEM of Difference maps calculated from these DEMs provide volume and mass changes. Results illustrate a steady reduction in glacier area, thickness, and volume prior to the year ~2000, followed by a rapid increase in losses over the past two decades. As a result, Adams Icefield is now rapidly declining and is likely to completely disappear early in the twenty-second century.

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Holman, Kiyomi. "Testing Approaches and Sensors for Satellite-Derived Bathymetry in Nunavut." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41402.

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Nearshore bathymetry in the Canadian Arctic is poorly surveyed, but is vital knowledge for coastal communities that rely on marine transportation for resources and development. Nautical charts currently available are often outdated and surveying by traditional methods is both time consuming and expensive. Satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB) offers a significantly cheaper and faster option to provide information on nearshore bathymetry. The two most common approaches to SDB are empirical and physics-based. The empirical approach is simple and typically does well when calibrated with high-quality in-situ data, whereas the physics-based approach is more difficult to implement and requires precise atmospheric correction. This project tests the practical use of five methods within the empirical and physics-based approaches to SDB, using Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, at seven sites across Nunavut. Methods tested include: the Ratio-Transform, Multiband, and Random Forest Regression methods (empirical) and radiative transfer modeling (physics-based) using two atmospheric correction models: ACOLITE and Deep Water Correction. All methods typically use geolocated water depth data for validation, as well as calibration for the empirical methods. Spectral reflectance for model inputs were collected in Cambridge Bay, NU. Water depth data were acquired from the Canadian Hydrographic Service. All processing was conducted within the framework of plugins developed for the open-source GIS software, QGIS. Results from the empirical methods were typically poor due to poor calibration data, though Random Forest Regression performed well when good calibration data were available. Due to poor quality validation data, error for the physics-based results cannot be adequately quantified in most places. Additionally, atmospheric correction remains a challenge for the physics-based methods. Overall, results indicate that where large, high-quality calibration datasets are available, Random Forest Regression performs best of all methods tested, with little bias and low mean absolute error in water less than 10 m deep. As such datasets are rare in the Arctic, the physics-based method is often the only option for SDB and is an excellent qualitative tool for informing communities of shallow bathymetry features and assessing navigation risk.

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Girard, Nicholas. "Regional-Scale Food Security Governance in Inuit Settlement Areas: Opportunities and Challenges in Northern Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37076.

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Food insecurity among northern Inuit communities represents a significant public health challenge that requires immediate and integrated responses. In the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR), in the Northwest Territories (NWT), almost half of households experience some degree of food insecurity (33% moderate, 13% severe), and rates are even higher in Nunavut (35% moderate, 34% severe). Currently, food security issues in the Arctic are being addressed by multiple initiatives at different scales; however, the role that governance and policy plays in fostering or hampering Inuit food security remains under-evaluated. We took a participatory-qualitative approach to investigate how food security governance structures and processes are functioning in Inuit settlement areas, using case studies of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR) and Nunavut, the latter of which has already developed a food security strategy through significant community consultation. Using 18 semi-structured interviews, we examined the development and implementation of the Nunavut Food Security Strategy (NFSS) and Action Plan to identify challenges and lessons learned, identified governance challenges and opportunities in the current way food policy decisions are made in the ISR, and determined ways to improve governance arrangements to address Inuit food security more effectively at a regional scale. Participants implicated in the NFSS process identified a number of challenges, including high rates of employee turnover, coordinating work with member organizations, and lack of a proper evaluation framework to measure the Strategy’s outcomes. In terms of lessons learned, participants expressed the need to establish clear lines of accountability to achieve desired outcomes, and the importance of sufficient and sustained financial resources and organizational capacity to address food security in a meaningful way. Similar themes were identified in the ISR; however, top-down government decision-making at the territorial level and an absence of meaningful community engagement from program administrators during the conceptualization of food security interventions were specific issues identified in this context. In terms of opportunities for regional-scale food security governance, the Government of Northwest Territories (GNWT) is in the process of developing a Country Food Strategy that will engage with a range of stakeholders to develop a broader selection of country food programing. These findings suggest that food security governance remains a key challenge for Inuit. First, sufficient resources are needed to address food security in a sustained manner. Second, existing and planned food security policies and programs should include an evaluation component to demonstrate greater accountability towards desired outcomes. Finally, findings point to the need to develop new collaborative, integrated, and inclusive food security governance arrangements that take into account local context, needs, and priorities. The NFSS is a useful model for collaborative food security governance from which other Inuit regions can learn and adapt.

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Hill, Michael Robert John. "Factors influencing pre- and post-fledging growth and survival of Canada goose goslings on Akimiski Island, Nunavut." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0005/NQ42527.pdf.

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Emon, Kellie A. "Geology and U-Pb geochronology of the rocks of the Eokuk Uplift, Northwestern Slave Province, Nunavut, Canada /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0001/MQ42374.pdf.

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Henri, Dominique. "Managing nature, producing cultures : Inuit participation, science and policy in wildlife governance in the Nunavut Territory, Canada." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2cde7bcb-4818-4f61-9562-179b4ee74fee.

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In this thesis, a critical analysis is proposed of the relationships between Inuit participation, science and policy in wildlife governance in the Nunavut Territory, Canada. This analysis situates the emergence of a participatory regime for the governance of wildlife in Nunavut, explores its performance and examines the relations between the ways in which wildlife governance arrangements are currently represented in policy and how they are played out in practice across the territory. To pursue these objectives, this research draws upon a number of theoretical perspectives and methodological strategies poised at a crossroads between environmental geography, science and technology studies, political ecology and ecological anthropology. It combines participant observation, semi-directed interviews and literature-based searches with approaches to the study of actor-networks, hybrid forums and scientific practices associated with Latour and Callon, as well as with Foucauldian and post-Foucauldian analyses of power, governmentality and subjectivity. This analysis suggests that the overall rationale within which wildlife governance operates in Nunavut remains largely based on a scientific and bureaucratic framework of resource management that poses significant barriers to the meaningful inclusion of Inuit views. In spite of their participation in wildlife governance through a range of institutional arrangements, consultation practices and research initiatives, the Inuit of Nunavut remain critical of the power relations embedded within existing schemes, where significant decision-making authority remains under the control of the territorial (or federal) government, and where asymmetries persist with regard to the capacity of various actors to produce and mediate their claims. In addition, while the use of Inuit knowledge, or Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit, in wildlife governance in Nunavut has produced some collaborative research and management endeavours, it has also crystallised a divide between ‘Inuit’ and ‘scientific’ knowledge, generated unresolved conflicts, fuelled mistrust among wildlife co-management partners and led to an overall limited inclusion of Inuit observations, values and beliefs in decision-making.

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Perreault, Naïm. "Impact de la formation de ravins de thermo-érosion sur les milieux humides, Île Bylot, Nunavut, Canada." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2012. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6185/1/030405438.pdf.

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LeBlanc, Michelle. "A diatom-based Holocene paleoenvironmental record from a lake on Boothia Peninsula, central mid-Arctic, Nunavut, Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6414.

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An important source of information about climate change comes from sedimentary deposits from the arctic region. However, there are few lacustrine fossil records from the central mid Arctic region of Canada. A 485 cm sediment core, from a lake unofficially called JR01, Boothia Peninsula, Nunavut, yielded a high-resolution diatom record. Five radiocarbon dates provided the chronology. Three distinct zones are revealed in the relative percent abundance and diatom concentration diagrams. A more diverse and productive flora in the first zone implies warmer temperatures in the middle Holocene. A complete shift in diatom composition to a predominantly Fragilaria flora and a reduction in diversity and production suggests a cooler climate in this region after approximately 4360 years B.P. Smaller-scale climatic trends, such as the Little Ice Age (LIA) (ca. 550--150 yr. B.P.) and the Medieval Warm Period (ca. 1000--700 yr. B.P.), caused shifts in the diatom flora and production. Subtle shifts in floristic diversity within the LIA may reflect climate variability at a decadal scale. This variability is also recorded in other high-resolution paleoclimate records from the Arctic. A gradual shift to a more diverse and productive flora in the last 180 years B.P. (1790 years A.D.) suggests a response to the recent warming trend. This study permits us to address ambiguities with respect to the timing, the geographic extent and the severity of the recent warming. Changes in total diatom concentrations, magnetic susceptibility, organic and carbonate content may also reflect changes in the diatom assemblages and indicate shifts in vegetation, soil erosion, or in hydrology from the surrounding catchment. The morphological variance of Fragilaria and other taxonomy issues are also discussed.

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Castagner, Ariane. "Carbonate Sedimentology and Diagenesis of an Upper Ordovician Sponge-microbe-cement Mound on Southampton Island, Nunavut, Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35374.

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The Hudson Bay Basin is the largest intracratonic basin in North America, but remains a frontier area for our knowledge of its stratigraphy and sedimentology and its hydrocarbon potential. Large domal reefs (up to 10 m thick and 500 m wide) in the Upper Ordovician Red Head Rapids Formation on Southampton Island developed on the margin of this shallow-marine evaporitic basin in which physical and chemical seawater parameters were distinct from the open ocean and in which a diverse community of reef-building and dwelling metazoans was unable to flourish. The main reef facies comprise boundstone and cementstone composed of various proportions of early-calcified sponge tissues, microbial encrusters, synsedimentary cement and small colonial metazoans. The accretionary mechanisms of the Red Head Rapids reefs were mainly the result of framebuilding by early-calcified sponges and small colonial corals and binding by calcimicrobial elements for the boundstone facies, and of massive aragonitic cement precipitation near the seafloor for the cementstone facies. These Upper Ordovician reefs, in which microbialites dominate but coexist with metazoans, were more widespread in the Early Ordovician immediately prior to the Middle to Late Ordovician expansion of skeletal-dominant reefs. The Upper Ordovician reefs on Southampton Island, porous and locally bitumen impregnated, underwent early marine, near-surface and progressive burial diagenesis; reducing its primary porosity but significantly increasing its secondary porosity. They represent one of the major untested petroleum play types identified in the Hudson Bay Basin.

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Houmard, Claire. "Caractérisation chrono-culturelle et évolution du paléoesquimau dans le golfe de Foxe (Canada) : étude typologique et technologique des industries en matières dures d'origine animale." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23002.

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L’archéologie de l’Arctique canadien, bien qu’ayant fait une large place à certaines catégories d’objets, telles les têtes de harpon, n’a encore que peu exploité la grande richesse informative des objets en matières dures d’origine animale. Une périodisation typologique a été réalisée sur l’ensemble de la période du Paléoesquimau (~ 4000-500 B.P.), classiquement subdivisée en Prédorsétien et Dorsétien au Canada. Les pratiques techniques et économiques des Paléoesquimaux ont été abordées à partir de l’étude de six sites localisés autour du Golfe de Foxe, région centrale pour l’archéologie arctique : région d’Igloolik (Parry Hill, Lyon Hill, Jens Munk, Freuchen et Kaersut) et nord du Nunavik (Tayara). Les données typologiques et technologiques obtenues permettent de confirmer l’existence d’un continuum culturel entre Prédorsétien et Dorsétien. L’évolution des industries en matières dures d’origine animale observée, notamment au moment du passage du Prédorsétien au Dorsétien, a été interprétée en termes de changements socio-culturels. Un fait marquant serait l’apparition des têtes de harpon à logette partiellement fermée, contemporaine d’une intensification de l’exploitation du morse, témoignant de chasses désormais collectives qui auraient incité les chasseurs à séjourner désormais ensemble dans des habitations plus grandes, occupées sur de plus longues périodes. Mots-clés : Paléoesquimau ; Arctique ; technologie ; typologie ; ivoire ; os ; bois de caribou ; Canada
The studied ivory, bone and antler artifacts from the Canadian Arctic, only correspond to harpoon heads that served to build the Palaeo-Eskimo chronology (~ 4000-500 B.P.). To ascertain the chronological subdivision between the Pre-Dorset and Dorset cultures a typological study associated with a technological approach was performed. Palaeo-Eskimo technological and economical practices have been derived from the study of six sites located around the Foxe Basin: Igloolik region (Parry Hill, Lyon Hill, Jens Munk, Freuchen and Kaersut sites) and northern Nunavik (Tayara site). The assumption of a Pre-Dorset/Dorset continuum could be confirmed. The observed evolution of osseous industries during Palaeo-Eskimo period (and more precisely the Pre-Dorset/Dorset transition) has been interpreted in terms of socio-cultural changes. The observed technological changes (i.e. harpoon head hafting) could be associated with new patterns of raw material exploitation (diversification in the selection of materials and anatomical elements, as well as functional categories). They testify to the important socio-cultural changes (collective rather than individual hunting) already observed in the settlement patterns (aggregation of the humans in larger houses for longer time periods). Keywords: Palaeo-Eskimo culture; Arctic; Canada; technology; typology; ivory; bone; antler

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Freynet, Nathalie. "Bilingualism in Minority Settings in Canada: Fusion or Assimilation?" Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24359.

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Despite the prevalence of bilingual identity among linguistic minority youth in Canada, few studies have empirically investigated its acculturative consequences. This study explores the nature of bilingual identity, as determined by language confidence, in various ethnolinguistic contexts. More specifically, it investigates the relation between language confidence and identity as moderated by ethnolinguistic vitality. It also verifies whether bilinguals can be distinguished from predominantly unilingual participants on factors related to the maintenance of identity, namely subjective ethnolinguistic vitality and language usage and evaluates the impact of ethnolinguistic vitality on these differences. Data from the Survey on the Vitality of Official-Language Minorities collected by Statistics Canada among francophones outside of Quebec and anglophones in Quebec (N = 7377) was used for analysis. The results of univariate and multivariate analyses of variance show that language confidence is significantly related to levels of identity for all regions. Bilinguals are significantly distinct from predominantly monolingual participants on most factors for maintenance of identity. However, among all francophone samples, bilinguals most resemble the franco-dominant participants. The implications of these findings on the understanding of the nature of bilingual identity are discussed. Malgré la prévalence de l’identité bilingue parmi les jeunes de groupes minoritaires linguistiques au Canada, peu d’études ont vérifié ses conséquences acculturatives de façon empirique. Cette étude explore la nature de l’identité bilingue telle que déterminée par la confiance langagière, dans divers contextes ethnolinguistiques. De façon plus spécifique, la relation entre la confiance langagière et l’identité, modérée par la vitalité ethnolinguistique est examinée. Par ailleurs, l’étude explore si les gens bilingues se distinguent de ceux qui ont une prédominance langagière sur des facteurs liés au maintien de l’identité, soit la vitalité ethnolinguistique subjective et l’utilisation langagière, et évalue l’impact de la vitalité ethnolinguistique sur ces différences. Les analyses ont été menées à partir des données de l’Enquête sur la vitalité des minorités de langue officielle de Statistique Canada recueillies auprès des francophones de l’extérieur du Québec et des anglophones du Québec (N = 7377). Les résultats d’analyses univariées et multivariées dévoilent que pour chacune des régions ethnolinguistiques, la confiance langagière est significativement liée à l’identité. Les bilingues se distinguent significativement de ceux à prédominance langagière sur la plupart des facteurs importants au maintien de l’identité. Toutefois, parmi les groupes francophones, les bilingues ressemblent le plus aux participants franco-dominants. Les conséquences de ces résultats sur la compréhension de la nature de l’identité bilingue sont discutées.

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Hill, Stewart Adams. "A new member of the zygopteridales from the lower Upper Devonian (Frasnian) of Ellesmere, N.W.T., Arctic Canada." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45029.

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A newly discovered fern-like fossil plant is described from the Lower Upper Devonian of southern Ellesmere. This plant occurs as an element of an Archaeopteris dominated flora preserved in sediments of the Nordstrand Point Formation (mid-late Frasnian) at Bird Fiord. The plant demonstrates a pinnate vegetative system with three orders of branch and laminate pinnules, of a general sphenopteroid type. Primary pinnae usually diverge from the main axis in distichous pairs (Le., in a quadriseriate manner), but rarely depart singly (i.e., in a biseriate manner). Each primary pinna bears an aphlebia in the catadromic position. Laminate pinnules are broadly lobed with a proximally overtopped vein system. Anatomically, this plant is characterized by an elongate, mesarch, bipolar protostele that is ribbon to clepsydroid in shape. Proximal to each primary pinna node, an initially crescent-shaped, bipolar pinna trace diverges from the main axis stele. This trace appears to become four-ribbed before dividing to yield a pair of bipolar primary pinna traces. A pair of circular, centrarch aphlebia traces depart from the catadromic ribs of a primary pinna trace in its four-ribbed stage. Protoxylem is helically thickened, with metaxylem pitting ranging from scalariform to circular. Secondary xylem is unknown. Both the morphology and anatomy of this plant are non-gymnospermous and suggest affinity instead with zygopterid ferns. Within the Zygopteridales, this plant seems to align most closely with the Rhacopytaceae. The Frasnian dating of this plant suggests that laminated foliage had been achieved by some zygopterid ferns long before previously recognized. The presence of Sphenopteris-like pinnules in this Frasnian plant also shows that one should be careful in attributing such foliage to early gymnosperms.
Master of Science

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Duclos, Isabelle. "Milieux mésiques et secs de l'île Bylot, Nunavut (Canada) : caractérisation et utilisation par la grande oie des neiges /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2002. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/03-2238825R.html.

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Mémoire (M.Sc.) - Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2002.
En-tête de t. : Université du Québec. Mémoire présenté sous forme d'un résumé substentiel en français et de deux articles scientifiques en anglais qui seront soumis à des revues scientifiques. Chaque article comporte un résumé en français et en anglais. CaQTU CaQTU CaQTU Comprend des bibliogr.

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Duclos, Isabelle. "Milieux mésiques et secs de l'île Bylot, Nunavut (Canada) : caractérisation et utilisation par la grande oie des neiges." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2002. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2563/1/000693511.pdf.

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Trainor, Paul Girvin. "Mid to late Holocene climate change in the tree-line region of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, Canada." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.713453.

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Abstract:

This study examined both the present and mid to late Holocene vegetation and eco-limnological characteristics across the latitudinal tree-line region. The study region comprises the tree-line environmental gradient in the central Northwest Territories, Canada north of the city of Yellowknife. The study region is defined in terms of three ecozones, these are the boreal, transitional and tundra ecozones. The modern eco-limnological parameters of the study region were retrieved through a transect of lake surface sediment taken from 57 lake sites. This included pollen and diatom analysis of the lake sediment samples as well as the collection of supplementary data on water chemistry, surrounding vegetation and climatological data. The study was concerned with improving our understanding of mid to late Holocene tree-line dynamics. Two tundra lakes were selected for freeze coring (Horseshoe Lake and Carleton Lake). A chronological framework for the cores was established trough radiocarbon dating and Bayesian age depth modelling, pollen and diatom analysis was then carried out. Through analysis of the pollen record an inferred vegetation history for the study region was developed, interpretation of the diatom record allowed more specific limnological changes to be reconstructed. An integration of the results from the modern surface transect allowed further development of interpretations of the fossil record.

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50

McDonald, Juliet Carleton University Dissertation Geology. "Palynology of the triporate pollen and paleoecology of the tertiary fossil forests of eastern Axel Heiberg Island, N.W.T., Canada." Ottawa, 1992.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ethnolinguistique – Canada – Nunavut (Canada)'

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