Academic literature on the topic 'EVALUATION OF RESULTS OF THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS/methods'

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Journal articles on the topic "EVALUATION OF RESULTS OF THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS/methods"

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Makarewicz, Agata, Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz, and Łukasz Łobejko. "Review paper. Neuropsychological dimension of schizophrenia - evaluation possibilities and therapeutic implications." Current Problems of Psychiatry 18, no. 1 (2017): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpp-2017-0005.

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Abstract Introduction: In the last decades, researchers' attention has been focused on cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Numerous studies indicate the existence of neurodegenerative deficits in schizophrenia including, but not limited to, motor functions, learning and memory, executive functions, attention, language, spatial skills and general intelligence. Method: A review of available literature on the topic of the past two decades, available in the Pubmed, EBSCO, SCOPUS databases has been made using the keywords: schizophrenia, cognition, early intervention. Results: Cognitive dysfunction is an important feature of the prodromal phase and the first episode of schizophrenia. Researchers have thus proposed to initiate early therapeutic interventions for people with so-called risky mental conditions. The article includes the reference to research on neurocognitive disorders essence in schizophrenia, the definition and review of methods used to identify specific cognitive deficits and issues related to risk of developing psychosis and early therapeutic intervention in high-risk states. Conclusions: Researchers report the importance of detecting cognitive disorders in the early stages of schizophrenia. This broadens the range of therapeutic interventions and enables early intervention in the increased risk of psychosis.
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Falco, Frank J. E. "An Update of Evaluation of Therapeutic Thoracic Facet Joint Interventions." Pain Physician 4;15, no. 4;8 (2012): E463—E481. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2012/15/e463.

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Background: Chronic mid back and upper back pain caused by thoracic facet joints has been reported in 34% to 48% of patients based on responses to controlled diagnostic blocks. Systematic reviews have established moderate evidence for controlled comparative local anesthetic blocks of thoracic facet joints in the diagnosis of mid back and upper back pain, moderate evidence for therapeutic thoracic medial branch blocks, and limited evidence for radiofrequency neurotomy of thoracic medial branches. Study Design: Systematic review of therapeutic thoracic facet joint interventions. Objective: To determine the clinical utility of therapeutic thoracic facet joint interventions in the therapeutic management of chronic upper back and mid back pain. Methods: The available literature for the utility of facet joint interventions in the therapeutic management of thoracic facet joint pain was reviewed. The quality assessment and clinical relevance criteria utilized were the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Review Group criteria as utilized for interventional techniques for randomized trials and the criteria developed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale criteria for observational studies. The level of evidence was classified as good, fair, and limited (or poor) based on the quality of evidence developed by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Data sources included relevant literature identified through searches of PubMed and EMBASE from 1966 to March 2012, and manual searches of the bibliographies of known primary and review articles. Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measure was pain relief (short-term relief = up to 6 months and long-term > 6 months). Secondary outcome measures were improvement in functional status, psychological status, return to work, and reduction in opioid intake. Results: For this systematic review, 13 studies were identified. Of these, 7 studies were excluded, and a total of 4 studies (after removal of duplicate publication) met inclusion criteria for methodological quality assessment with one randomized trial and 3 non-randomized studies. The evidence is fair for therapeutic thoracic facet joint nerve blocks, limited for thoracic radiofrequency neurotomy, and not available for thoracic intraarticular injections. Limitations: The limitation of this systematic review includes a paucity of literature. The only positive studies were of medial branch blocks performed by the same group of authors. Conclusion: The evidence for therapeutic facet joint interventions is fair for medial branch blocks, whereas it is not available for intraarticular injections, and limited for radiofrequency neurotomy due to lack of literature. Key words: Chronic thoracic pain, mid back or upper back pain, thoracic facet or zygapophysial joint pain, facet joint nerve blocks, medial branch blocks, therapeutic thoracic medial branch blocks, thoracic radiofrequency neurotomy, thoracic intraarticular facet joint injections
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Hansen, Hans. "A Systematic Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effectiveness of Sacroiliac Joint Interventions." Pain Physician 3;15, no. 3;5 (2012): E247—E278. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2012/15/e247.

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Background: The contribution of the sacroiliac joint to low back and lower extremity pain has been a subject of debate with extensive research. It is generally accepted that approximately 10% to 25% of patients with persistent low back pain may have pain arising from the sacroiliac joints. In spite of this, there are currently no definite conservative, interventional, or surgical management options for managing sacroiliac joint pain. In addition, there continue to be significant variations in the application of various techniques as well as a paucity of literature. Study Design: A systematic review of therapeutic sacroiliac joint interventions. Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of therapeutic sacroiliac joint interventions. Methods: The available literature on therapeutic sacroiliac joint interventions in managing chronic low back and lower extremity pain was reviewed. The quality assessment and clinical relevance criteria utilized were the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Review Group criteria for randomized trials of interventional techniques and the criteria developed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. The level of evidence was classified as good, fair, or limited (or poor) based on the quality of evidence developed by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Data sources included relevant literature published from 1966 through December 2011 that was identified through searches of PubMed and EMBASE, and manual searches of the bibliographies of known primary and review articles. Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measure was pain relief (short-term relief = up to 6 months and long-term > 6 months). Secondary outcome measures were improvement in functional status, psychological status, return to work, and reduction in opioid intake. Results: For this systematic review, 56 studies were considered for inclusion. Of these, 45 studies were excluded and a total of 11 studies met inclusion criteria for methodological quality assessment with 6 randomized trials and 5 non-randomized studies. The evidence for cooled radiofrequency neurotomy in managing sacroiliac joint pain is fair. The evidence for effectiveness of intraarticular steroid injections is limited (or poor). The evidence for periarticular injections of local anesthetic and steroid or botulinum toxin is limited (or poor). The evidence for effectiveness of conventional radiofrequency neurotomy is limited (or poor). The evidence for pulsed radiofrequency is limited (or poor). Limitations: The limitations of this systematic review include a paucity of literature on therapeutic interventions, variations in technique, and variable diagnostic standards for sacroiliac joint pain. Conclusions: The evidence was fair in favor of cooled radiofrequency neurotomy and limited (or poor) for short-term and long-term relief from intraarticular steroid injections, periarticular injections with steroids or botulin toxin, pulsed radiofrequency, and conventional radiofrequency neurotomy. Key words: Chronic low back pain, sacroiliac joint pain, sacroiliitis, sacroiliac joint injection, sacroiliac joint dysfunction, thermal radiofrequency, pulsed radiofrequency
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Etemad, Koorosh, Zaher Khazaei, Sajjad Rahimi Pordanjani, et al. "Evaluation of the therapeutic interventions effects on body growth pattern of infants with congenital hypothyroidism." Biomedical Research and Therapy 5, no. 4 (2018): 2194–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v5i4.433.

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Background: The congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common congenital endocrine disorders as well as the most preventable mental retardation cause and body growth disorder. Several factors such as therapeutic interventions might affect the infants’ growth status. The current study was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic interventions’ effect on growth pattern of infants with congenital hypothyroidism in Yazd.
 Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed on all neonates with CH, who were born during years 2006 and 2008. The effectiveness of therapeutic interventions indices including the age of treatment onset, the administered dosage of Levothyroxine and normalization time of T4 and TSH level on growth pattern of children with CH by measuring height, weight and head circumference during the first five years was evaluated.
 Results: The results of the current study showed a significant increase in height, weight, and head circumference in infants from early infancy to 60 months of age as well as an ascending trend of the aforementioned variables(P<0.05).
 Conclusion: The significant effect of therapeutic interventions such as the age of treatment onset less than 30 days, normalization time of TSH during 30 days after diagnosing and normalization age of T4 less than 14 days was reported on height and weight growths of patients with congenital hypothyroidism. Also, the trend of head circumference growth would be increased in patients equally.
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Manchikanti, Laxmaiah. "Comprehensive Review of Therapeutic Interventions in Managing Chronic Spinal Pain." Pain Physician 4;12, no. 4;7 (2009): E123—E198. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2009/12/e123.

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Background: Available evidence documents a wide degree of variance in the definition and practice of interventional pain management. Objective: To provide evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for interventional techniques in the treatment of chronic spinal pain. Design: Best evidence synthesis. Methods: Strength of evidence was assessed by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) criteria utilizing 5 levels of evidence ranging from Level I to III with 3 subcategories in Level II. Outcomes: Short-term pain relief was defined as relief lasting 6 months or less and long-term relief as longer than 6 months, except ≤ one year and > one year for intradiscal therapies, mechanical disc decompression, spinal cord stimulation, and intrathecal infusion systems. Results: The indicated evidence for therapeutic interventions is Level I for caudal epidural steroid injections in managing disc herniation or radiculitis, and discogenic pain without disc herniation or radiculitis. The evidence is Level I to II-1 for percutaneous adhesiolysis in management of pain secondary to post-lumbar surgery syndrome. The evidence is Level II-1 or II-2 for therapeutic cervical, thoracic, and lumbar facet joint nerve blocks; for caudal epidural injections in managing pain of post-lumbar surgery syndrome, and lumbar spinal stenosis, for cervical interlaminar epidural injections in managing cervical pain (Level II-1); for lumbar transforaminal epidural injections; and spinal cord stimulation for post-lumbar surgery syndrome. Limitations: The limitations of this guideline preparation included a paucity of literature, lack of updates, and lack of conflicts in preparation of systematic reviews and guidelines by various organizations. Conclusion: The indicated evidence for therapeutic interventions is variable from Level I to III. This comprehensive review includes the evaluation of evidence for therapeutic procedures in managing chronic spinal pain and recommendations. However, this review and recommendations do not constitute inflexible treatment recommendations or “standard of care.” Key words: Interventional techniques, chronic spinal pain, therapeutic interventions, facet joint interventions, epidural procedures, epidural adhesiolysis, radiofrequency, mechanical disc decompression, spinal cord stimulation, intrathecal implantable systems
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Tremain, Hailey, Carla McEnery, Kathryn Fletcher, and Greg Murray. "The Therapeutic Alliance in Digital Mental Health Interventions for Serious Mental Illnesses: Narrative Review." JMIR Mental Health 7, no. 8 (2020): e17204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17204.

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Background Digital mental health interventions offer unique advantages, and research indicates that these interventions are effective for a range of mental health concerns. Although these interventions are less established for individuals with serious mental illnesses, they demonstrate significant promise. A central consideration in traditional face-to-face therapies is the therapeutic alliance, whereas the nature of a digital therapeutic alliance and its relationship with outcomes requires further attention, particularly for individuals with serious mental illnesses. Objective This narrative review aims to encourage further consideration and critical evaluation of the therapeutic alliance in digital mental health, specifically for individuals with serious mental illnesses. Methods A narrative review was conducted by combining 3 main areas of the literature: the first examining the evidence for digital mental health interventions for serious mental illnesses, the second illuminating the nature and role of the therapeutic alliance in digital interventions, and the third surrounding practical considerations to enhance a digital therapeutic alliance. Results Results indicated that a therapeutic alliance can be cultivated in digital interventions for those with serious mental illnesses, but that it may have unique, yet-to-be-confirmed characteristics in digital contexts. In addition, a therapeutic alliance appears to be less directly associated with outcomes in digital interventions than with those in face-to-face therapies. One possibility is that the digital therapeutic alliance is associated with increased engagement and adherence to digital interventions, through which it appears to influence outcomes. A number of design and implementation considerations may enhance the digital therapeutic alliance, including human support and technological features. Conclusions More research is required to further understand the nature and specific role of a therapeutic alliance in digital interventions for serious mental illnesses, particularly in informing their design. This review revealed several key research priorities to advance the therapeutic alliance in digital interventions.
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Bremer, V., P. Chow, B. Funk, F. Thorndike, and L. Ritterband. "1204 Analyzing User Journey Data In Digital Health: Predicting Dropout From A Digital CBT-I Intervention." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (2020): A460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1198.

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Abstract Introduction Intervention dropout is an important factor for the evaluation and implementation of digital therapeutics, including in insomnia. Large amounts of individualized data (logins, questionnaires, EMA data) in these interventions can combine to create user journeys - the data generated by the path an individual takes to navigate the digital therapeutic. User journeys can provide insight about how likely users are to drop out of an intervention on an individual level and lead to increased prediction performance. Thus, the goal of this study is to provide a step-by-step guide for the analysis of user journeys and utilize this guide to predict intervention dropout, illustrated with an example from a data in a RCT of digital therapeutic for chronic insomnia, for which outcomes have previously been published. Methods Analysis of user journeys includes data transformation, feature engineering, and statistical model analysis, using machine learning techniques. A framework is established to leverage user journeys to predict various behaviors. For this study, the framework was applied to predict dropouts of 151 participants from a fully automated web-based program (SHUTi) that delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. For this task, support vector machines, logistic regression with regularization, and boosted decision trees were applied at different points in 9-week intervention. These techniques were evaluated based on their predictive performance. Results After model evaluation, a decision tree ensemble achieved AUC values ranging between 0.6-0.9 based on application of machine earning techniques. Various handcrafted and theory-driven features (e.g., time to complete certain intervention steps, time to get out of bed after arising, and days since last system interaction contributed to prediction performance. Conclusion Results indicate that utilizing a user journey framework and analysis can predict intervention dropout. Further, handcrafted theory-driven features can increase prediction performance. This prediction of dropout could lead to an enhanced clinical decision-making in digital therapeutics. Support The original study evaluating the efficacy of this intervention has been reported elsewhere and was funded by grant R01 MH86758 from the National Institute of Mental Health.
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Howarth, Michelle, Michaela Rogers, Neil Withnell, and Cath McQuarrie. "Growing spaces: an evaluation of the mental health recovery programme using mixed methods." Journal of Research in Nursing 23, no. 6 (2018): 476–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744987118766207.

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Background Therapeutic horticulture is a nature-based method that includes a range of green activities, such as gardening, to promote wellbeing. It is believed that therapeutic horticulture provides a person-centred approach that can reduce social isolation for people with mental health problems. Aims The aim of the project was to evaluate the impact of a mental health recovery programme that used therapeutic horticulture as an intervention to reduce social inclusion and improve engagement for people with mental health problems. Methods A mixed-methods approach was used and data from four semi-structured focus group interviews, 11 exit interviews and 20 ‘recovery star' datasets were collected from September 2015 to October 2017. Qualitative data from the interviews were thematically analysed, and quantitative data based on a recovery star outcomes tool were analysed using descriptive statistics to demonstrate trends and progression. The findings were then triangulated to provide a rich picture of the impact of the mental health recovery programme. Results The recovery star data indicated that participants were working towards self-reliance. Qualitative data from the exit interview and semi-structured focus groups found similar results. The triangulated findings highlight that the mental health recovery programme enabled participant integration into the community through providing a space to grow and build self-confidence while re-engaging with society. The results suggest that using therapeutic horticulture as an intervention within the mental health recovery programme can support people with mental health problems to re-engage socially. Nature-based activities could be used within the ‘social prescribing’ movement to encourage partnership working between the NHS and voluntary sector organisations which can complement existing mental health services. Conclusion The use of therapeutic horticulture as an intervention within a mental health recovery programme can support people with mental health problems to re-engage with the community and is integral to the rehabilitation process. The mental health recovery programme should be promoted within the social prescribing movement as an evidence-based opportunity to support people in the community.
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Rupert, Matthew P. "Evaluation of Sacroiliac Joint Interventions: A Systematic Appraisal of the Literature." Pain Physician 2;12, no. 2;3 (2009): 399–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2009/12/399.

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Background: The sacroiliac joint has been implicated as a source of low back and lower extremity pain. There are no definite historical, physical, or radiological features that can definitively establish a diagnosis of sacroiliac joint pain. Based on the present knowledge, an accurate diagnosis is made only by controlled sacroiliac joint diagnostic blocks. The sacroiliac joint has been shown to be a source of pain in 10% to 27% of suspected patients with chronic low back pain utilizing controlled comparative local anesthetic blocks. Study Design: A systematic review of diagnostic and therapeutic sacroiliac joint interventions. Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of diagnostic sacroiliac joint interventions and the utility of therapeutic sacroiliac joint interventions. Methods: The literature search was carried out by searching the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane reviews. Methodologic quality assessment of included studies was performed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) methodologic quality criteria for diagnostic accuracy and observational studies, whereas randomized trials were evaluated utilizing the Cochrane review criteria. Only studies with scores of 50 or higher were included for assessment. Level of evidence was based on the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) criteria. Outcome Measures: For diagnostic interventions, the outcome criteria included at least 50% pain relief coupled with a patient’s ability to perform previously painful maneuvers with sustained relief using placebo-controlled or comparative local anesthetic blocks. For therapeutic purposes, outcomes included significant pain relief and improvement in function and other parameters. Short-term relief for therapeutic interventions was defined as 6 months or less, whereas long-term effectiveness was defined as greater than 6 months. Results: The indicated level of evidence is II-2 for the diagnosis of sacroiliac joint pain utilizing comparative, controlled local anesthetic blocks. The prevalence of sacroiliac joint pain is estimated to range between 10% and 38% using a double block paradigm in the study population. The false-positive rate of single, uncontrolled, sacroiliac joint injections is 20% to 54%. The evidence for provocative testing to diagnose sacroiliac joint pain is Level II-3 or limited. For radiofrequency neurotomy the indicated evidence is limited (Level II-3) for short- and longterm relief. Limitations: The limitations of this systematic review include the paucity of literature evaluating the role of both diagnostic and therapeutic interventions and widespread methodological flaws. Conclusions: The indicated evidence for the validity of diagnostic sacroiliac joint injections is Level II-2. The evidence for the accuracy of provocative maneuvers in the diagnosing of sacroiliac joint pain is limited (Level II-3). The evidence for radiofrequency neurotomy is also limited (Level II-3). Key words: Chronic low back pain, sacroiliac joint pain, sacroiliitis, sacroiliac joint injection, sacroiliac joint dysfunction, thermal radiofrequency, pulsed radiofrequency
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Machado, Fernanda, Paula V. Nunes, Luciane F. Viola, Franklin S. Santos, Orestes V. Forlenza, and Mônica S. Yassuda. "Quality of life and Alzheimer's disease: Influence of participation at a rehabilitation center." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 3, no. 3 (2009): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642009dn30300011.

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Abstract Quality of life is seldom explored in evaluations of therapeutic interventions in Alzheimer's disease. Objective: To verify whether participation in a cognitive and functional rehabilitation program improves quality of life (QOL) among Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Methods: 19 AD patients participated in this study, 12 of whom attended 24 multi-professional intervention sessions - the experimental group - whereas the remaining 7 comprised the control group. The following tools were used to assess changes: a) Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); b) Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS); c) Quality of Life in AD evaluation scale (QOL-AD); d) Open question on QOL. Results: Participation had no positive impact on quantitative clinical variables (MMSE, GDS, QOL-AD). The answers to the open question, examined using the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD) method, suggested that QOL improved after the intervention. Conclusion: Combining pharmacological treatment with psychosocial intervention may prove to be an effective strategy to enhance the QOL of AD patients.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "EVALUATION OF RESULTS OF THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS/methods"

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Filho, Carlos Alberto Cordeiro de Abreu. ""Avaliação dos resultados a médio prazo da ablação cirúrgica por radiofreqüência da fibrilação atrial permanente em pacientes portadores de valvopatia mitral reumática"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5156/tde-17082005-113744/.

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A ablação cirúrgica por radiofreqüência (RF) é uma nova técnica para tratar a fibrilação atrial (FA) permanente. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a eficácia da ablação cirúrgica por RF da FA permanente em pacientes com valvopatia mitral reumática (VMR). Entre Fevereiro de 2002 e Abril de 2003, 70 pacientes com FA permanente e VMR foram submetidos à operação da valva mitral associada à ablação por RF da FA (Grupo A); ou à operação da valva mitral isolada (Grupo B). No seguimento pós-operatório foram avaliados: a reversão para o ritmo sinusal (RS) e a contratilidade atrial. Após 12 meses de seguimento, os índices de reversão para o RS e de restabelecimento da contratilidade atrial foram significativamente superiores no Grupo A. A ablação cirúrgica por RF é eficaz para o tratamento da FA permanente em pacientes com VMR<br>Radiofrequency ablation is a new surgical technique to treat permanent atrial fibrillation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the (RF) ablation for the treatment of permanent AF in patients with rheumatic mitral valve (MV) disease. Between February 2002 and April 2003, 70 patients with permanent AF and rheumatic MV disease were assigned to undergo a MV surgery associated with RF ablation (Group A), or MV surgery alone (Group B). After 12 months of follow-up, the cumulative rates of sinus rhythm conversion and atrial transport function restoration were higher in Group A.The RF ablation is effective for treating permanent AF associated with rheumatic MV disease
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Pedra, Carlos Augusto Cardoso. "Análise dos resultados imediatos e tardios do tratamento percutâneo da coartação da aorta em adolescentes e adultos: comparação entre balões e stents." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-20082007-075149/.

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Mais informações são necessárias para definir se o tratamento percutâneo da coartação da aorta com stents é superior à angioplastia com cateter-balão. De julho de 2000 a maio de 2003, 21 adolescentes e adultos com coartação da aorta focal e média de idade de 24 anos (DP 11 anos) foram submetidos, consecutivamente, a implante de stents (grupo 1). Os resultados foram comparados com os obtidos em um grupo histórico de 15 pacientes com média de idade de 18 anos (DP 10 anos) (p = 0,103) submetidos a angioplastia (grupo 2) nos últimos 18 anos. Após o procedimento, a redução do gradiente sistólico foi maior (99% [DP 2%] versus 87% [DP 17%]; p = 0,015), o gradiente residual foi menor (0,4 mmHg [DP 1,4 mmHg] versus 5,9 mmHg [DP 7,9 mmHg]; p = 0,019), o ganho no local da coartação foi maior (333% [DP 172%] \"versus\" 190% [DP 104%]; p = 0,007) e o diâmetro da coartação foi maior (16,9 mm [DP 2,9 mm] versus 12,9 mm [DP 3,2 mm]; p < 0,001) no grupo 1. Alterações da parede da aorta, incluindo dissecções, abaulamentos e aneurismas, foram observadas em oito pacientes do grupo 2 (53%) e em um do grupo 1 (7%) (p < 0,001). Não houve complicações maiores. Cateterismo (n = 33) ou ressonância magnética (n = 2) de controle foram realizados em seguimento mediano de um ano para o grupo 1 e um ano e meio para o grupo 2 (p = 0,005). A redução do gradiente sistólico persistiu em ambos os grupos; entretanto, gradientes tardios mais altos foram observados no grupo 2 (mediana de 0 mmHg para o grupo 1 versus 3 mmHg para o grupo 2; p = 0,014). Não houve perdas no diâmetro da coartação no grupo 1 e houve ganho tardio no grupo 2 (16,7 mm [DP 2,9 mm] versus 14,6 mm [DP 3,9 mm]; p = 0,075). No grupo 1, dois pacientes necessitaram de novo implante de stent em decorrência da formação de aneurisma ou fratura da malha do stent. No grupo 2, as anormalidades da parede aórtica não progrediram e um paciente necessitou de redilatação em decorrência da recoartação. A pressão arterial sistêmica foi semelhante em ambos os grupos durante o seguimento (sistólica: 126 mmHg [DP 12 mmHg] no grupo 1 versus 120 mmHg [DP 15 mmHg] no grupo 2; diastólica: 81 mmHg [DP 11 mmHg] no grupo 1 versus 80 mmHg [DP 10 mmHg] no grupo 2; p = 0,149 e p = 0,975, respectivamente). Apesar de os desfechos clínicos terem sido satisfatórios e similares com ambas as técnicas, o uso de stents propiciou resultados mais previsíveis e uniformes para alívio da estenose, minimizando também o risco de desenvolvimento de alterações da parede da aorta.<br>More information is needed to define whether stenting is superior to balloon angioplasty for coarctation of the aorta. From July/2000 to May/2003, 21 adolescents and adults with discrete coarctation underwent consecutive stent implantation at a mean age of 24 years (SD 11 years) (group 1). The results were compared to those achieved by balloon angioplasty performed in the last 18 years in a historical group of 15 patients at a mean age of 18 years (SD 10 years) (p = 0.103) (group 2). After the procedure, systolic gradient reduction was higher (99% [SD 2%] vs. 87% [SD 17%]; p = 0.015), residual gradients lower (0.4 mmHg [SD 1.4 mmHg] vs. 5.9 mmHg [SD 7.9 mmHg); p = 0.019), gain at the coarctation site higher (333% [SD 172%] vs. 190% [SD 104%]; p = 0.007) and coarctation diameter larger (16.9 mm [SD 2.9 mm] vs.12.9 mm [SD 3.2 mm]; p < 0.001) in group 1. Aortic wall abnormalities, including dissections, bulges and aneurysms, were observed in eight patients in group 2 (53%) and in one in group 1 (7%) (p < 0.001). There was no major complication. Repeat catheterization (n = 33) or magnetic resonance imaging (n = 2) was performed at a median follow-up of 1.0 year for group 1 and 1.5 year for group 2 (p = 0.005). Gradient reduction persisted in both groups, although higher late gradients were observed in group 2 (median of 0 mmHg for group 1 vs. 3 mmHg for group 2; p = 0.014). There was no late loss in the coarctation diameter in group 1 and there was a late gain in group 2 (16.7 mm [SD 2.9 mm] for group 1 vs. 14.6 mm [SD 3.9 mm] for group 2; p = 0.075). Two patients required late stenting due to aneurysm formation or stent fracture in group 1. Aortic wall abnormalities did not progress and one patient required redilation due to recoarctation in group 2. Blood pressure was similar in both groups at follow-up (systolic: 126 mmHg [SD 12 mmHg] in group 1 vs. 120 mmHg [SD 15 mmHg] in group 2; diastolic: 81 mmHg [SD 11 mmHg] in group 1 vs. 80 mmHg [SD 10 mmHg] in group 2; p = 0.149 and p = 0.975, respectively). Although satisfactory and similar clinical outcomes were observed with both techniques, the use of stents yielded more predictable and uniform results for stenosis relief, also minimizing the risk of developing aortic wall abnormalities.
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Perissinotti, Dirce Maria Navas. "Estudo sobre a efetividade da técnica de biofeedback em grupo de doentes com migrânea crônica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-25042011-102745/.

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O biofeedback (BFD) é uma estratégia terapêutica em que ocorre aprendizagem por associação de sensações com o propósito de controlá-las levando a melhor enfrentamento fornecendo novas respostas e permitindo novos padrões, mesmo que se mantenha a ativação dos estímulos originais disfuncionais. Em migranosos ocorreria inibição da expressão da angústia relacionada ao nível fisiológico, devido a persistência de estados induzidos de estresse. Pesquisas de enfrentamento da migrânea incluem tratamento por condicionamento operante, biofeeback e outras técnicas como tratamento psicodinâmico. Tais tratamentos apontam para a redução do reforçamento do comportamento doloroso e melhora de comportamentos adaptativos para o enfrentamento das dificuldades. Objetivo geral: verificar a efetividade da técnica do biofeeback térmico como tratamento auxiliar em migranosos, através do Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI), antes e depois da intervenção. População: 60 doentes (masculino e feminino); idade variando entre 20 e 60 anos, com duração dos sintomas superior à 6 meses; em condições de locomoção e retorno às consultas e aceite do termo de Consentimento Pós-Informado CAPPesq. Instrumentos e Procedimento: Entrevista psicológica semi-dirigida para doentes com dor, através de protocolo próprio (Perissinotti, 2001); PRIME-MD + Qp; ABIPEME; Multidimensional Pain Inventory - MPI; ProComp + BioGraph 2.1. Duas amostras randomizadas foram separadas: grupo experimental (30 doentes) e grupo comparativo (30 doentes). O procedimento foi composto por triagem e direcionamento para grupo experimental, treinamento por BFD, 10 sessões que objetivaram o treino de dimensão de sensibilização discriminativa; e para o grupo comparativo adotado tratamento médico preventivo com medicação profilática padrão, para crise de migrânea. Resultados: O BFD alterou o comportamento da amostra experimental estudada, ocorrendo melhora geral da adaptabilidade, quando dos cálculos pela análise paramétrica. Quando da análise pelo teste qui-quadrado para variáveis qualitativas, houve resultados significantes para a amostra experimental, quanto aos sinais e sintomas psicopatológicos, qualidade das queixas e qualidade da saúde auto-referida. Houve diminuição da escala de intensidade de dor com BFD de 5,0 (83,3%) no pré-tratamento, e para 3,15 (52,5%) no pós-tratamento. Mostraram-se sem anormalidades mentais 20 doentes (60%) da amostra experimental. Transtornos de ansiedade foram encontrados em 11 doentes (36,6%) e transtorno depressivo em 9 doentes (33,3%). Para 18 (60%) doentes da amostra experimental o BFD melhorou as condições psicológicas, e para 14 (46,6%) doentes a melhora estaria relacionada exclusivamente ao relacionamento interpessoal, conjugal, afetivo e psicocomportamental. Para 4 (13,3%) deles primariamente reconheceram melhora no enfrentamento das condições psicofisiológicas, além dos aspectos psicológicos associados. Conclusões: O BFD alterou o comportamento da amostra experimental, fornecendo maior adaptabilidade geral, quando da análise paramétrica. Foi possível a ruptura do círculo vicioso entre percepção, tensão, estresse e dor, também pelo relacionamento estabelecido entre psicólogo e paciente. O psicólogo, portanto operador do método que calculou aspectos psicopatógicos, psicodinâmicos, além de servir como aquele que certifica as percepções do paciente consigo mesmo e suas expressões psicofisiológicas, é o operador funcional como um todo. Futuras pesquisas devem se desenvolver para esclarecer a compreensão entre os mecanismos psicofisiológicos que induzem a diferentes interpretações em distintos sintomas e as subseqüentes respostas psicofisiológicas quanto aos aspectos psicológicos dos migranosos.<br>Biofeedback (BFD) is a therapeutic strategy in which occurs the learning by the sensations association, with the purpose of controlling them leading to a behavior of better copping because provides new responses permitting new patterns, even with a new activation of dysfunctional original stimuli. In migrainers there would be the inhibition of anger expression related to the physiological level due to persistence of stressor-induced activation states. The migraine management research includes operant behavior treatment, biofeeback and other techniques as psychodynamic treatments. These treatments point out to reduce the reinforcement for pain behaviors and to improve adaptative behaviors to copping difficulties. General Objective: Verify the thermal biofeeback technique effectiveness as an auxiliary treatment in migraine patients by Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI), before and after intervention. Population: 60 patients (female and male): variance age between 20 and 60 years old, symptoms duration superior to 6 months, in condition to locomotion, to return to consultation and acceptance of the Post-Informed Consenting Term CAPPesq. Instruments and Procedure: Semi-directed structured psychological interviews for pain patients by Owner Protocol (Perissinotti, 2001); PRIME MD + PQ; ABIPEME; Multidimensional Pain Inventory - MPI; ProComp + BioGraph 2.1. Two random samples were separated: experimental group (30 patients) and comparative group (30 patients). The procedure was composed by triage and directionless: for experimental group, the BFD training, 10 sessions for sensitive-discriminative dimension training; for comparative group, the preventive medical treatment with standard prophylactic medication for migraine crisis. Results: The BFD has interfered in the behavior of the experimental sample studied, occurring a general better in adaptability, when calculated the parametric analysis. When the analysis by qui-square test for qualitative variables, there were significant results to the experimental sample, as to psychopathological signs and symptoms, quality of complains and quality of auto-referred health. The pain severity scale has decreased with BFD into 5.0 (83.3%) in the pre-treatment and into 3.15 (52.5%) in the post-treatment. No mental abnormalities were seen in 20 patients (60%) of the experimental sample. Anxiety disorders were found in 11 patients (36.6%) and depressions disorders in 9 patients (33.3%). For 18 (60%) patients of the experimental sample, the BFD improved the psychological conditions, and for 14 (46.6%) patients we could relate improving exclusively in interpersonal, conjugal, affective and behavior relationship. For 4 (13.3%) of them, primarily was recognized improvement in the psychophysiological conditions, further to the psychological aspects associated. Conclusions: The BFD has interfered in the behavior of the experimental sample, providing bigger general adaptability on the occasion of the parametric analysis. It was possible the break of the vicious circle among perception, tension, stress and pain, also by the relationship established between psychologist and patient. The psychologist, the method operator which has calculated the psychopathologic, psychodynamic aspects, besides of being the one who certifies the patient perceptions with himself and his psychophysiological expressions, is the functional operator of the whole. Future researches must be developed to clarify the comprehension between the psychophysiological mechanisms inducing different kinds of interpretation in distinct symptoms, and the subsequent psychophysiological responses as to psychological aspects in migrainers.
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Faustino, Kenya Ayo-kianga da Silva. "Fonoaudiologia nos distúrbios do espectro autístico: uma experiência de oficina de formação de terapeutas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5162/tde-27052010-154403/.

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As alterações de linguagem são vistas como um dos elementos fundamentais dos quadros de autismo infantil. A atuação como supervisora de estágio de alunos de quarto ano de graduação em Fonoaudiologia evidenciou que frequentemente há dificuldade na transposição do conhecimento teórico para a prática clínica. Objetivo: construir um programa aberto de intervenção pedagógica e aprendizagem, baseado na prática clínica e na literatura especializada; aplicá-lo a esse grupo de estudantes e avaliar o resultado desse procedimento, a partir de uma prova de raciocínio clínico. Método: foram sujeitos dessa pesquisa 16 terapeutas estagiárias sem experiência prévia no atendimento de crianças do espectro autístico divididas em: Grupo Pesquisa (sete estagiárias que participaram da oficina de formação e de um período de oito meses de estágio supervisionado) e Grupo Controle (composto por nove estagiárias fonoaudiólogas que participaram apenas do período de oito meses de estágio supervisionado). Procedimentos: levantamento dos princípios norteadores da terapia fonoaudiológica com crianças com diagnóstico incluído no espectro autístico, segundo a abordagem pragmática por meio de revisão da literatura e entrevistas com profissionais com pelo menos três anos de experiência no atendimento a esta população; construção do programa de intervenção; aplicação do instrumento e de uma prova de raciocínio clínico para verificação dos resultados do emprego do programa, com a comparação dos dois grupos. Resultado: foi construído um programa de formação que é estruturado, mas flexível o suficiente para que o processo de aprendizagem seja construído pelo próprio aluno. Os estagiários do GP tiveram melhor desempenho em uma prova de raciocínio clínico do que os estagiários do GC. Conclusão: o programa de Oficina de Formação de Terapeutas mostrou-se eficiente.<br>Language disorders are one of the central elements of autism spectrum disorders. The work as practice supervisor with last year under graduation students of Speech, Language and Hearing Pathology has shown that frequently the transposition from theoretical knowledge to clinical practice is not easily done. Purpose: To propose an open intervention program for teaching and learning based on the specific literature and on the clinical practice; apply the program with a group of last year\'s students and verify its results through a clinical reasoning assessment. Method: Subjects were 16 students/therapists with no previous experience in working with autistic children divided in two groups: Research Group (7 students that participated in the learning workshop plus an eight-month period of supervised practice) and Control Group (9 students that participated only in the eight-month period of supervised practice). Procedures: literature review of the driving principles of pragmatic based language therapy for children of the autism spectrum and interviews with professionals with at least three years of experience with this population; proposal of an intervention pedagogical program; conduction of the learning workshops with RG; clinical reasoning assessment to verify the differences in performances by the groups. Results: the learning workshop is a structured program that is flexible enough to allow each student to build his/her own learning process. The students of RG had performed better in the clinical reasoning assessment then the ones from CG. Conclusion: The Learning Workshop Program has shown to be efficient.
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Malavolta, Eduardo Angeli. "Avaliação do uso do plasma rico em plaquetas no reparo da rotura do manguito rotador." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-27022014-122547/.

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O plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) tem sido utilizado na ortopedia como método para melhorar a cicatrização tecidual. Existem poucos estudos com alto nível de evidência sobre o seu efeito no reparo do manguito rotador e os resultados são conflitantes, não havendo consenso sobre sua eficácia. O objetivo primário deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do uso do PRP em pacientes submetidos ao reparo do manguito rotador por via artroscópica através da escala da University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). A avaliação clínica através da escala de Constant-Murley, de dor através da escala visual analógica (EVA), a presença de rerroturas na análise da ressonância magnética (RM) e a ocorrência de complicações foram considerados desfechos secundários. Estudo prospectivo, randomizado, duplo-cego. Dois grupos com 27 pacientes (Grupo PRP e Grupo Controle) foram submetidos ao reparo artroscópico em fileira simples de âncoras, sendo que, no Grupo PRP, foi aplicado o concentrado de plaquetas ao final do procedimento. O PRP foi obtido por aférese, aplicado na consistência líquida, com adição de trombina autóloga. Foram incluídas apenas roturas de espessura completa do supraespinal com retração inferior a 30 mm. Os procedimentos foram realizados pelo mesmo cirurgião, entre setembro de 2008 e abril de 2012. Os desfechos foram avaliados através das escalas da UCLA, de Constant-Murley, EVA e pela RM, pré-operatoriamente e aos 3, 6 e 12 meses. A EVA foi aplicada adicionalmente no primeiro e sétimo dia. O nível de significância empregado foi de 5%. Os pacientes apresentaram melhora clínica significativa com o procedimento nos dois grupos (p < 0,001). Evoluíram de 13,63 ± 3,639 para 30,04 ± 4,528 no Grupo Controle e de 13,93 ± 4,649 para 32,30 ± 3,506 no Grupo PRP aos 12 meses (p = 0,046) de acordo com a escala da UCLA, com um poder de 84% e tamanho do efeito de 0,56. De acordo com a escala de Constant-Murley, os pacientes evoluíram de 47,37 ± 11,088 para 76,89 ± 13,198 no Grupo Controle e de 46,96 ± 11,937 para 83,26 ± 11,141 no Grupo PRP aos 12 meses (p=0,061). A avaliação aos 3 e 6 meses não demonstrou diferença significativa. A avaliação pela EVA não demonstrou diferença estatística em nenhum dos tempos de seguimento, evoluindo de 7,00 ± 1,939 no Grupo Controle e de 6,67 ± 1,617 no Grupo PRP no pré-operatório para 1,70 ± 2,127 e 1,04 ± 1,808, respectivamente, aos 12 meses (p = 0,220). Na análise pela RM, o Grupo Controle apresentou uma rerrotura completa e quatro parciais, enquanto o Grupo PRP apresentou duas rerroturas parciais (p = 0,42). Ocorreu um caso de rigidez articular em cada grupo (p = 1). O PRP obtido por aférese, aplicado na consistência líquida e com adição de trombina propiciou melhores resultados pela escala da UCLA aos 12 meses de pós-operatório<br>Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used in orthopedics as a method to enhance tissue healing. There are few studies with a high level of evidence about its effect on rotator cuff repair, and the results are conflicting, with no consensus about its effectiveness. Clinical assessment as measured by the UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles) shoulder rating scale was established as the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes included clinical assessment on the Constant-Murley scale, pain as measured by a visual analog scale (VAS), the retear rate assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the complication rate. A prospective, randomized, doubleblind trial was conducted. Two groups of 27 patients (PRP Group and Control Group) were subjected to arthroscopic single-row repair. Liquid PRP prepared by apheresis was applied to the PRP Group at the end of the surgical procedure, with autologous thrombin. Complete supraspinatus tears with retraction less than 30 mm were included. The procedures were performed by the same surgeon between September 2008 and April 2012. Outcomes were assessed using UCLA and Constant-Murley scales, VAS and magnetic resonance imaging preoperatively and at 3, 6 and 12 months. The VAS was also applied on days one and seven. The significance level was 5%. The two groups of patients exhibited significant clinical improvement (p < 0.001). The score on the UCLA scale increased from 13.63 ± 3.639 to 30.04 ± 4.528 and from 13.93 ± 4.649 to 32.30 ± 3.506 in the Control and PRP groups, respectively, between the preoperative assessment and after 12 months (p=0.046), with a 84% power and a 0.56 effect size. The score on Constant-Murley scale increased from 47.37 ± 11.088 to 76.89 ± 13.198 in the Control Group and from 46.96 ± 11.937 to 83.26 ± 11.141 in the PRP Group (p = 0.061). Assessment at 3 and 6 months did not identify significant differences. The VAS did not statistically differ at any investigated timepoint and varied from 7.00 ± 1.939 and 6.67 ± 1.617 before surgery to 1.70 ± 2.127 and 1.04 ± 1.808 at the 12-month assessment in the Control and PRP groups, respectively (p = 0.220). The Control Group exhibited one case of complete and four of partial retears, and the Group PRP exhibited two cases of partial retears (p = 0.42). PRP prepared by apheresis, applied in the liquid state with thrombin, promoted better results on the UCLA scale 12 months after surgery
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Barban, Alessandra. "Análise da mobilização e resultados do transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas autogênico (TCTHa) com alta hospitalar precoce nos portadores de doenças hematológicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5164/tde-09102013-155104/.

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padrão utilizado para algumas doenças hematológicas e também na consolidação do tratamento de outras doenças. O aumento da demanda de pacientes que necessitam deste tratamento fez com que fossem criados alguns modelos de transplante ambulatorial. A alta precoce é uma modalidade de transplante em que o paciente recebe alta hospitalar após o regime de condicionamento e infusão das células-tronco hematopoiéticas (CTH) e a continuidade do seu tratamento ocorre em regime ambulatorial. Na área da Enfermagem, o número limitado de estudos científicos relacionados à Assistência de Enfermagem nos pacientes submetidos ao TCTH com alta hospitalar precoce são ainda deficientes. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os resultados da alta hospitalar precoce como alternativa viável ao tratamento dos pacientes submetidos ao TCTHa e sua relação com a assistência de enfermagem. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo, quantitativo, descritivo e transversal. Foram analisados prontuários de 112 pacientes consecutivos submetidos ao TCTHa, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2009. Destes 12 pacientes não receberam alta hospitalar da unidade de internação até o décimo dia após o TCTH (D+10) e, por isso, foram excluídos, restando 100 pacientes. RESULTADOS: A mediana de idade foi de 48,5 anos (19-69 anos). Houve um pareamento não intencional do sexo. Todos os pacientes mobilizaram e coletaram CTH por fonte periférica. Os regimes de condicionamento mais utilizados foram BU12+Mel100 e BEAM 400. As toxicidades atribuídas ao regime de condicionamento foram bem conduzidas no ambulatório, expressa por 10 pacientes que necessitaram de internação, embora um grande número de pacientes da casuística apresentou algum grau de toxicidade. A neutropenia febril esteve presente em 58% dos pacientes até a enxertia medular. Não houve aumento na mortalidade na fase de aplasia medular; dois pacientes foram a óbito por causas infecciosas durante os 60 primeiros dias após o TCTH, sendo que apenas um não apresentava enxertia medular. A mediana de enxertia de granulócitos após o TCTHa com alta hospitalar precoce foi de 12 dias e de plaquetas 15 dias, com mediana de transfusões até a alta do serviço de três concentrados de hemácias e quatro concentrados de plaquetas. Vinte e três pacientes necessitaram de internação hospitalar em algum momento desde a alta hospitalar após o transplante até o momento de sua alta. CONCLUSÃO: A equipe de enfermagem apresenta papel fundamental no contexto da alta hospitalar precoce na conduta e manejo dos pacientes. O Enfermeiro participou na orientação e condutas durante a fase de mobilização, transplante e acompanhamento ambulatorial. A mediana de tempo para enxertia medular foi de 12 dias e durante a fase de aplasia os pacientes evoluíram com baixa internação e infecção. Houve baixa incidência de complicações e internações, sendo a toxicidade ao regime de condicionamento a maior causa de internação. As toxicidades ao regime de condicionamento apresentadas foram bem manejadas em regime ambulatorial também pela Equipe de Enfermagem<br>The autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCTa) is a standard treatment used for some hematological malignancies and also in consolidating the treatment of other diseases. The increased number of patients who need this treatment leads to new models of outpatient transplant. The early discharge is a type of transplant in which the patient is discharged after the conditioning regimen and infusion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and the continuity of your treatment will occur in outpatient settings. Although the models of outpatient HSCT are well defined, there is few studies and publications that demonstrate the actual results of this modality. In the field of nursing, the limited number of scientific studies related to nursing care in HSCT patients with early hospital discharge are even more deficient. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the results of early discharge as a viable alternative to the treatment of patients undergoing HSCTa and its relationship to nursing care. Methods: A retrospective, quantitative, descriptive and cross study was performed. A total of 112 patients initially enrolled, 12 were excluded due to the discharged occurred after than tenth day after HSCTa (D +10) and, therefore, 100 patients were enrolled in the study. Results: The median age was 48.5 years (range: 19-69 years). There was an unintentional pairing of sex. All patients were mobilized and collected by HSC peripheral source. The conditioning regimens were used more BU12 + Mel100 and BEAM 400. The conditioning regimen-related toxicities was well at the clinic, expressed by 10 patients who required hospitalization, although a large number of patients in the sample had some degree of toxicity. Febrile neutropenia was observed in 58% of patients until the marrow engraftment. There was no increase in mortality in bone marrow aplasia phase, two patients (2%) died of infectious causes during the first 60 days after HSCTa, and only one patient showed no engraftment. The median granulocyte engraftment after HSCTa with early hospital discharge was 12 days and platelets 15 days, with a median transfusion until discharge from the service three and four units of blood transfused platelet concentrates. Twenty-three patients required hospitalization at some time from hospital discharge after transplantation until the time of his discharge. Conclusion: The nursing team has key role in the context of early hospital discharge in the conduct and management of patients. The nurse participated in the orientation and conduct during the mobilization phase, and outpatient transplant. The median time to engraftment was 12 days and during the aplasia phase of the patients improved, with low infection and hospitalization. There was a low incidence of complications and hospitalizations, and the toxicity conditioning regimen the leading cause of hospitalization. The toxicities presented to the conditioning regimen were well managed on an outpatient basis also for the Nursing Team
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Books on the topic "EVALUATION OF RESULTS OF THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS/methods"

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Therapeutic interventions in Alzheimer's disease: A program of functional communication skills for activities of daily living. Aspen Publishers, 1988.

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Therapeutic interventions in Alzheimer's disease: A program of functional skills for activities of daily living and communication. 2nd ed. Aspen Publishers, 1997.

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Internetdelivered Therapeutic Interventions In Human Services Methods Interventions And Evaluation. Routledge, 2009.

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Schoech, Dick, and Jerry Finn. Internet-Delivered Therapeutic Interventions in Human Services: Methods, Interventions and Evaluation. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Morrison, Julie Q., and Anna L. Harms. Advancing Evidence-Based Practice Through Program Evaluation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190609108.001.0001.

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The demand for results-driven accountability is pervasive in all aspects of education today. The shift in emphasis from compliance to accountability for closing achievement gaps and improving student outcomes creates challenges and opportunities for school-based professionals. School-based professionals have a significant role to play in supporting school improvement efforts and improving outcomes for students in their role as program evaluators. Despite the need for advanced knowledge and skills in program evaluation, resources dedicated to developing the competencies of school-based professionals in evaluation approaches, methods, and tools are scarce. This book addresses this need by serving as a practical resource for school-based professionals seeking to use program evaluation to enhance data-based decision making and accountability as informed by implementation research and within the context of a multi-tier system of supports framework. Throughout this book, school-based professionals are positioned as change agents guiding their school or school districts in the adoption, implementation, and evaluation of evidence-based interventions and systems of support to meet students’ academic and behavioral needs.
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Book chapters on the topic "EVALUATION OF RESULTS OF THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS/methods"

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Bossi, Paolo, and Luigi Lorini. "Optimal Supportive Measures during Primary Treatment." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_15.

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AbstractSupportive care during curative treatment of head and neck cancer patients has different scopes: reducing the burden of acute toxicities and limiting the risk of developing late adverse effects; increasing the quality of life of the patients; allowing to perform optimal curative therapy, maintaining treatment dose intensity; preventing higher grade toxicities so to reduce also the costs associated with hospitalization, examinations, visits and use of drugs. At the same time, it is necessary to give uniformity in the supportive care protocols, as these preventive and therapeutic measures may influence the results of oncological treatments and their efficacy should be evaluated in a consistent manner. Several preventive and therapeutic interventions are available, particularly in the context of chemoradiotherapy, where the adverse events are more prominent. An accurate evaluation of the patient and a tailored approach with preventative indications and therapeutic interventions represent key factors. This approach could be easily identified within a “simultaneous care” strategy, as the optimal supportive measures are provided concurrently to the best therapeutic approach since the beginning of the treatment.
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"RESULTS Visitor Evaluation." In Internet-Delivered Therapeutic Interventions in Human Services. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315875903-13.

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Schneider, Horst, Jennifer Riederle, and Sigrid Seuss. "Therapeutic Effect of Infra-Low-Frequency Neurofeedback Training on Children and Adolescents with ADHD." In Artificial Intelligence. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97938.

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In this observational study the outcomes of an EEG-based infra-low-frequency (ILF) neurofeedback intervention on patients with attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorder (ADHD) are presented. The question is addressed whether this computer-aided treatment, which uses a brain-computer-interface to alleviate the clinical symptoms of mental disorders, is an effective non-pharmaceutical therapy for ADHD in childhood and adolescence. In a period of about 15 weeks 196 ADHD patients were treated with about 30 sessions of ILF neurofeedback in an ambulant setting. Besides regular evaluation of the severity of clinical symptoms, a continuous performance test (CPT) for parameters of attention and impulse control was conducted before and after the neurofeedback treatment. During and after the therapy, the patients did not only experience a substantial reduction in the severity of their ADHD-typical clinical symptoms, but also their performance in a continuous test procedure was significantly improved for all examined parameters of attention and impulse control, like response time, variability of reaction time, omission errors and commission errors. In a post neurofeedback intervention assessment 97% of patients reported improvement in symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity or impulsivity. Only 3% of the patients claimed no noticeable alleviation of ADHD-related symptoms. These results suggest that ILF neurofeedback is a clinically effective method that can be considered as a treatment option for ADHD and might help reducing or even avoiding psychotropic medication.
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Tijssen, Jan G. P. "Principles and methods of intervention research." In ESC CardioMed, edited by John Cleland. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0744.

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The medical practitioner is expected to have reliable information about the causes of disease, the value of diagnostic findings, the patient’s prognosis, and the expected outcomes of therapeutic options. Knowledge about the consequences of clinical decisions is derived from the clinical literature. In the model of ‘evidence-based medicine’, information about the individual patient—obtained through careful history taking, physical examination, and other investigations—is combined with quantitative data derived from clinical research, pertaining to the causes of disease, the value of diagnostic findings, the patient’s prognosis, and the effects of therapeutic interventions. This development has retained pathophysiology as its theoretical foundation. Clinical research is planned on the basis of pathophysiological and biomedical insights. Likewise, in applying the results of clinical research to the individual patient, the physician cannot do without pathophysiological reasoning.
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Stanimirovic, Aleksandra. "Digital Heath Interventions in Mental Health." In Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7513-9.ch009.

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Technological renaissance of the last century stimulated the application of digital interventions in the healthcare domain. Digital healthcare interventions (DHIs) could be implemented through smartphone applications (apps), remote monitoring and tracking devices, and wearable computers. Technology is positioned to transform how mental healthcare is delivered and accessed. In fact, remote active and passive monitoring of parameters, such as mood, activity, and sleep, could be integrated with therapeutic interventions. However, the transformation entails combined conscription of science, regulation, and design. Implementation, adoption, and evaluation of DHI present special challenges. This chapter presents brief history of DHIs in mental health and frameworks an evaluation strategy in terms of the appropriate methods required for appraisal of DHIs.
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Stanimirovic, Aleksandra. "Digital Heath Interventions in Mental Health." In Research Anthology on Mental Health Stigma, Education, and Treatment. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8544-3.ch019.

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Technological renaissance of the last century stimulated the application of digital interventions in the healthcare domain. Digital healthcare interventions (DHIs) could be implemented through smartphone applications (apps), remote monitoring and tracking devices, and wearable computers. Technology is positioned to transform how mental healthcare is delivered and accessed. In fact, remote active and passive monitoring of parameters, such as mood, activity, and sleep, could be integrated with therapeutic interventions. However, the transformation entails combined conscription of science, regulation, and design. Implementation, adoption, and evaluation of DHI present special challenges. This chapter presents brief history of DHIs in mental health and frameworks an evaluation strategy in terms of the appropriate methods required for appraisal of DHIs.
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Matthews, Mark, Gavin Doherty, David Coyle, and John Sharry. "Designing Mobile Applications to Support Mental Health Interventions." In Handbook of Research on User Interface Design and Evaluation for Mobile Technology. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-871-0.ch038.

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The advent of mobile technology has brought computing to a wide range of new contexts, some of which are highly sensitive and place new constraints on the designer. In this chapter we discuss issues related to the design and evaluation of mobile software for sensitive situations, where access to the end user is extremely restricted. We focus on the specific example of technological interventions that support adolescents in mental health care settings. We examine the practical and ethical constraints placed on access to end users and contexts of use, and how this may affect approaches to design and evaluation. General design recommendations for this area are described. We consider approaches to iterative design with mental health care professionals, and how research on technological and therapeutic aspects may proceed in tandem. We identify methods that can be used when conducting evaluation in these limited situations and describe a methodology for maximising the value of such evaluation. By way of illustration, we present the design and evaluation of a mobile phone-based “mood diary” application designed for use in clinical situations by adolescents undergoing mental health interventions.
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Marx, Douglas P., and Michael T. Yen. "Management of Ectropion and Floppy Eyelids." In Surgery of the Eyelid, Lacrimal System, and Orbit. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195340211.003.0013.

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Ectropion is defined as an eversion of the upper or lower eyelid away from the globe. Classes of ectropion include involutional, cicatricial, paralytic, and mechanical. Ectropic eyelids develop from horizontal eyelid laxity, medial canthal tendon laxity, vertical skin tightness, neuromuscular dysfunction, and lower eyelid retractor disinsertion. Ocular complications associated with ectropic eyelids include corneal exposure and scarring, conjunctivitis, ocular discomfort, photophobia, epiphora, and decreased vision. The entire face and eye should be carefully examined when a patient presents with ectropion. A systemic approach enables the physician to more fully understand the underlying disease process and best therapeutic approach. Ectropion can be quantified by pulling the central portion of the lid anteriorly and measuring the number of millimeters from the anterior cornea to the apex of the eyelid. Ectropion etiology can be elucidated by evaluating for horizontal eyelid laxity, orbicularis dysfunction, vertical skin tightness, and lower eyelid retractors disinsertion. Horizontal eyelid laxity is typically a result of lateral or medial canthal tendon stretching. Laxity of the canthal tendons produces a redundancy in the eyelid tissues, resulting in ectropion, often referred to as an involutional ectropion. Lateral canthal tendon status can be determined by gently pulling the eyelid nasally. The inferior crus of the tendon can then be palpated to evaluate for dehiscence. The medial canthal tendon can be evaluated by pulling laterally and noting the displacement of the inferior punctum. The severity of canthal tendon laxity should be quantified prior to any surgical intervention. 8-2-1 Lateral Canthal Tendon Laxity and the Lateral Tarsal Strip Procedure. Although a variety of methods have been advocated for treatment of lateral canthal tendon laxity, we prefer the lateral tarsal strip, introduced by Anderson. This procedure corrects the underlying anatomic abnormality, does not require reapproximation of the eyelid margin, and is relatively easy to perform. The lateral canthal region is injected with lidocaine 2% mixed with 1:100,000 epinephrine using a 27- or 30-gauge needle. After ensuring appropriate anesthesia, Stevens scissors are used to create a lateral canthotomy and exposure of the lateral orbital rim.
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Schlapobersky, John, and Malcolm Pines. "Group methods in adult psychiatry." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0172.

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After a century of development, group therapy is today one of the most widely practised treatment methods in psychiatry with an extensive literature. There are three principles common to its wide range of applications. First, the therapist calls the ‘community’ into the consulting room where, together with the therapist, it becomes the therapeutic agent. Second, the therapist assembles a group of people who can contribute to a commonly held resource from which its members can each derive benefits. And third, the therapist does nothing for them in the context of the group, that they can do for themselves, and one another. This chapter starts by providing a conceptual framework that differentiates methods, models, and applications for the practice of group therapy in adult psychiatry. After classification of the different methods and applications we discuss the main theoretical models; explore the dynamic life of therapy groups; consider some of the key clinical issues facing practitioners; their applications to a range of patient populations and settings; their evaluation and justification and their historical evolution this century. In the conclusion we consider the planning of group services and the training of their practitioners. This revision of the chapter has brought it up-to-date with the contemporary literature in a field that has seen a great deal of innovation since the original 2000 edition. The developing evidence base for group psychotherapy is ‘Guardedly optimistic. The literature has become stronger and deeper and is capable of supporting evidence-based treatment recommendations for some patient populations.’ The evidence base for the effectiveness of group psychotherapy has been growing with the field. Some 700 studies, spanning the past three decades, have shown that the group format consistently produced positive effects with diverse disorders and treatment models. These show that both individual and group psychotherapy will effect much the same set of results. For group therapy to be effective it has to utilize those therapeutic factors originally laid out by Foulkes and later by Yalom—the group has to be the primary focus of therapy; patients need to be well selected; and therapists need to be adequately trained. The chapter will address these questions of focus, selection, and training. Although the two authors of this chapter are both group analysts, we have set out to provide a full account of the wide range of group work practice. The United Kingdom is our own working location which lends emphasis to the chapter but it is compiled with sources and references that address the international field and it gives attention to current literature in many countries including North and South America and Continental Europe.
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Ranalli, Jim. "L2 Strategy Instruction." In Handbook of Research on Integrating Technology Into Contemporary Language Learning and Teaching. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5140-9.ch010.

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This chapter discusses the potential of technology-mediated forms of L2 strategy instruction (SI) to enhance not only the design of SI interventions but also SI evaluations and L2 strategy research more generally. The results of an empirical study are used to show how technology can facilitate the delivery of SI in ways supportive of increasingly online forms of L2 learning while at the same time providing remedies for problematic features of SI evaluation, including access to process data showing how learners actually perform strategy-related tasks, the timing and frequency of collection of learner-perception data, and most importantly, data about task definition and metacognitive monitoring, which can position L2 strategies within frameworks for self-regulated learning. The underlying premise of this chapter is the need to revitalize the field of L2 learner strategies with new methods for evaluation and research that can better capture the complex and situated nature of L2 strategy use.
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Conference papers on the topic "EVALUATION OF RESULTS OF THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS/methods"

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Raheem, Hassan M., Willie “Skip” E. Rochefort, and Brian K. Bay. "Digital Image Correlation Method in Measuring the Out of Plane Displacement: A Case Study on an Artificial Intervertebral Disc." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23305.

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Abstract We have developed a simple, low-cost, and innovative design — known as a “disc emulator” to mimic the mechanical response of a motion segment (vertebra - intervertebral disc-vertebra) of the human spinal column under axial compression loads. The disc emulator consists of upper and lower components that mimic the human vertebrae and a middle component that represents the annulus fibrosus (AF). This study aims to investigate the effects of changing the stiffness of artificial annulus fibrosus of the disc emulator on the bulging measurements while performing compression tests on the disc emulator. A non-contact measurement — digital image correlation (DIC) — was used for the bulging measurements. The results show that the bulging at the posterior region for the discs without nucleus pulposus (NP) bulged inwards, but the bulging at the posterolateral region was outwards, which accords with the reported behavior of the human disc, for the disc without and with NP regardless of the stiffness of the discs. Changing the stiffness of the artificial annulus fibrosus (AAF) alters the bulging magnitudes in the disc, which shows similar responses with respect to the available data on the human disc. The emulator provides a convenient experimental platform for evaluating normal and pathological disc states and assessing the biomechanics of potential therapeutic interventions.
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Len, Przemysław, Izabela Skrzypczak, Grzegorz Oleniacz, and Monika Mika. "The Use of Statistical Methods for the Evaluation of Land Adjustment Proposals and Elimination of the Patchwork Pattern of Land Ownership." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.214.

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The analysis of the need for agricultural land consolidation in villages of the commune of Sławno was performed to identify villages in which adjustment interventions were needed most urgently. The factors indicative of the urgency of land adjustment were selected on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the natural, social, economic and financial conditions characterizing the investigated villages. The analysis was carried out on the basis of data obtained from the Register of Land and Buildings of the District Office in Opoczno and the Office of the Commune of Sławno. The study allowed us to determine the surface area of land requiring urgent consolidation and exchange, thus providing grounds for applying for funds for the implementation of the proposed land adjustment scheme. Calculations were done on the basis of 19 factors (x1– x19) belonging to five groups of characteristics describing each of the investigated villages. The results expressed in the form of a synthetic measure calculated for each village allowed us to prioritize consolidation interventions. The priority ranking obtained was compared with another ranking performed using the zero unitarization method (ZUM).
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El Hajj, Maguy, Ahmed Awaisu, Nadir Kheir, et al. "Evaluation of an Intensive Education Program on the Treatment of Tobacco-use Disorder for Pharmacists: A Randomized Controlled Trial." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0112.

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Tobacco use is one of the main causes of premature deaths and preventable diseases in Qatar. The aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to design, implement, and evaluate an intensive education program on tobacco-use treatment for pharmacists in Qatar. The study objectives are to assess the effectiveness of the program on pharmacists’ knowledge, skills, attitudes and perceived self-efficacy toward tobacco cessation. Methods: Community pharmacists practicing in Qatar were eligible for participation in the study. Consenting participants were randomly allocated to intervention or control groups. Participants in the intervention group received an intensive education program on treatment of tobacco-use disorder. A short didactic session on a non-tobacco-related topic was delivered to pharmacists in the control group. Outcomes were assessed using survey instruments. Results: Participants in the intervention group (n=57) achieved significantly higher total tobacco-related knowledge scores (mean=33 points) than those in the control group (n=37) (mean=24.5 points) with a p-value of &lt;0.001. Post-intervention total knowledge scores were significantly higher than the baseline scores for participants who received intensive tobacco education with a mean difference of 6.6 points (p-value &lt;0.001). Overall attitudes toward tobacco cessation and self-efficacy in tobacco cessation interventions were better in the group of pharmacists who received tobacco education compared to those who did not. For instance, 43.4% of pharmacists in the intervention group “strongly agreed” that their counseling will increase a patient’s likelihood of quitting tobacco use compared to 14.7% in the control group (p-value=0.014). Furthermore, 20.4% of pharmacists in the intervention group reported that they are “extremely confident” to use appropriate questions to ask patients when providing tobacco cessation counseling versus 5.9% in the control group (p-value=0.005). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that provision of an intensive educational program on the treatment of tobacco use disorders results in improved tobacco-related knowledge and self-efficacy in tobacco cessation interventions.
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Bustos, D., J. C. Guedes, P. Pratas, et al. "Fatigue detection through physiological assessment during real-life occupational situations: Preliminary results." In 4th Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health. FEUP, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/978-972-752-279-8_0049-0055.

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Background: Fatigue is a significant health and safety-related problem among workers. In general, it decreases performance and physical strength, causing incidents and accidents in operational situations. During military activities, soldiers often encounter severe conditions, which combined lead to fatigue manifestations affecting their health and performance. Continuous monitoring of their overall health status would prevent its adverse effects. Objective: This work aimed to present the preliminary results of a retrospective assessment of military training physiological recordings using an alert-based fatigue detection algorithm to validate its accurate functioning. Methods: Three case studies from soldiers participating in military training tests were recruited for evaluation. The referred algorithm was developed to manage fatigue through the combined assessment of physiological variables and determine different fatigue levels warnings to advisetimely interventions and prevent potential health impact. Each examined case included the continuous recording of heart rate, breathing rate and core temperature. The algorithm translated physiological sensory data into minute alarms according to fatigue levels determined through the conjunction of normative and related research criteria. Results and Discussion: Outcomes revealed that the algorithm could evidence the different stages of training and the resulting physical demands on soldiers using their physiological response throughout the exercises. Retrieved fatigue alarms showed the high physiological cost of military practices and helped to overview the impact of each training period. Finally, results also demonstrated the importance of individual and contextualised assessment for accurately characterise the subject's fatigue status. Conclusions: It is concluded that the developed decision model can improve the management of real-time fatigue, allowing early detection of potential indicators of further physical impairments. Furthermore, it can lead to the enhancement of work-rest cycles, not only for tactical personnel but also for any safety-sensitive occupation. For future work, its validity will be tested through more participants, and other variableswill be added to improve its accuracy.
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Imrie, Andrew, Maciej Kozlowski, Omar Torky, and Aditya Arie Wijaya. "Full Well Corrosion Insight – Case Studies in the Added Value of Electromagnetic Thickness Measurements During Well Interventions." In SPE/ICoTA Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204431-ms.

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Abstract Monitoring pipe corrosion is one of the critical aspects in the well intervention. Such analysis is used to evaluate and justify any remedial actions, to prolong the longevity of the well. Typical corrosion evaluation methods of tubulars consist of multifinger caliper tools that provide high-resolution measurements of the internal condition of the pipe. Routinely, this data is then analyzed and interpreted with respect to the manufacture's nominal specification for each tubular. However, this requires assumptions on the outer diameter of the tubular may add uncertainty, and incorrectly calculate the true metal thicknesses. This paper will highlight cases where the integration of such tool and electromagnetic (EM) thickness data adds value in discovering the true condition of both the first tubular and outer casings. These case studies demonstrate the use of a multireceiver, multitransmitter electromagnetic (EM) metal thickness tool operating at multiple simultaneous frequencies. It is used to measure the individual wall thickness across multiple strings (up to five) and operates continuously, making measurements in the frequency domain. This tool was combined with a multifinger caliper to provide a complete and efficient single-trip diagnosis of the tubing and casing integrity. The combination of multifinger caliper and EM metal thickness tool results gives both internal and external corrosion as well as metal thickness of first and outer tubular strings. The paper highlights multiple case studies including; i) successfully detecting several areas of metal loss (up to greater than 32%) on the outer string, which correlated to areas of the mobile salt formation, ii) overlapping defects in two tubulars and, iii) cases where a multifinger caliper alone doesn't provide an accurate indication of the true wall thickness. The final case highlights the advantages of integrating multiple tubular integrity tools when determining the condition of the casing wall. Metal thickness tools operating on EM principles benefit from a slim outer diameter design that allows the tools to pass through restrictions which typically would prevent ultrasonic scanning thickness tools. Additionally, EM tools are unaffected by the type of fluid in the wellbore and not affected by any non-ferrous scale buildup that may present in the inside of the tubular wall. Combinability between complementary multifinger caliper technology and EM thickness results in two independent sensors to provide a complete assessment of the well architecture.
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Agouni, Abdelali, Duck Y. Lee, Assaad A. Eid, Yves Gorin, and Kumar Sharma. "The Protective Role of Sestrin2 in High Fat Diet-Induced Nephropathy." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0134.

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Introduction: Obesity is a major risk factor for type-2 diabetes predisposing patients to diabetic nephropathy (DN), the leading cause of end-stage renal failure. Glomerular injury is a prominent pathological feature of DN. Sestrin2 (Sesn2) is a stress-induced protein, but its role in DN has not been investigated. Therefore, we have determined the impact of Sesn2 deletion in a mouse model of obesityinduced nephropathy. Materials and methods: We examined the effects of Sesn2-deficiency in a longterm (22 weeks) mouse model of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on glomerular structure. The severity of renal injury and fibrosis in wild type (Sesn2+/+) mice (fed HFD or chow diets) was compared to that in Sesn2-deficient mice (Sesn2-/- ) fed HFD or chow diets. Animal work was carried out under an IACUC-approved protocol. Results: Data showed that Sesn2 ablation exacerbated HFD-induced glomerular fibrotic injury as evidenced by mesangial matrix hypertrophy and accumulation of both fibronectin and collagen IV. Western blot analysis revealed that HFD- or chow-fed Sesn2-/- mice exhibited higher protein expression of key lipogenic enzymes, fatty acid translocase CD36 (an indicator of lipid uptake), fatty acid synthase and ATP citrate lyase. Sesn2-deficiency in obese mice resulted in podocyte loss as indicated by reduced expression of synaptopodin. Glomerular lesions like those observed in HFD-fed wild-type mice were detected in Sesn2-/-mice fed a chow diet, indicating that the basal deletion of Sesn2 is deleterious by itself. Conclusions: We provide the first evidence that Sesn2 is renoprotective in obesity-induced nephropathy by diminishing lipid accumulation and blocking excessive lipid uptake and de novo lipid synthesis. Understanding the protective of Sesn2 should yield novel therapeutic interventions to effectively preserve glomerular function in obesity and diabetes.
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Mirabito, Yakira, and Kosa Goucher-Lambert. "The Role of Idea Fluency and Timing on Highly Innovative Design Concepts." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22593.

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Abstract Ongoing work within the engineering design research community seeks to develop automated design methods and tools that enhance the natural capabilities of designers in developing highly innovative concepts. Central to this vision is the ability to first obtain a deep understanding of the underlying behavior and process dynamics that predict successful performance in early-stage concept generation. The objective of this research is to better understand the predictive factors that lead to improved performance during concept generation. In particular, this work focuses on the impact of idea fluency and timing of early-stage design concepts, and their effect on overall measures of ideation session success. To accomplish this, we leverage an existing large-scale dataset containing hundreds of early-stage design concepts; each concept contains detailed ratings regarding its overall feasibility, usefulness, and novelty, as well as the completion time of each idea. Surprisingly, results indicate that there is no effect of idea fluency or timing on the quality of the output when using a holistic evaluation mechanism, such as the innovation measure, instead of a single measure such as novelty. Thus, exceptional concepts can be achieved by all generator segments independent of idea fluency. Furthermore, in early-stage concept generation sessions, highest-rated concepts have an equal probability of occurring early and late in a session. Taken together, these findings can be used to improve performance in ideation by effectively determining when and which types of design interventions future design tools might suggest.
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Giacomelli, Enzo, Jun-Xia Shi, and Fabio Manfrone. "Considerations on Design, Operation and Performance of Hypercompressors." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25040.

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The production of LDPE may require huge power, heavy-duty reciprocating compressors, provided with opposite cylinders and special frames to withstand the loads, deriving from the operating pressures. In many new projects larger capacities and higher performance requirements, renew the challenge of engineers to handle the mechanical, thermodynamic, chemical-physical, process and operational aspects. Safety, performance, operation and reliability are usual expectations needing a thorough evaluation of the service and the machine selection is based on positive results in similar applications. Valve, packing and cylinder performance is noticeably influenced by the design, operation and maintenance activities. The cylinders are compound pressure vessels, excluded by design codes, but their design and construction have to consider the extreme internal pressures and the nature of the process gas. The ability to withstand the high fatigue stresses and the need to avoid any leakage of gas around the compressor area implies solutions to minimize such occurrences including abnormal operations and emergencies. The design must foresee all possible failure modes of each component, to have safe and smooth operation. Innovative methods of simulation and modeling, like FEA, CFD, and others, are very important tools for the design of cylinder components. Valves are simulated by mathematical models optimizing performance and ensuring reliable operation, to reach a correct mechanical behavior with minimum energy consumption. The available technological improvements are taken as a base, resulting from the R&amp;D of manufacturers and long experience of End Users. Also the pulsation and related vibration of the piping have to be investigated to keep the plant in operation without hazard. The operation is the stage where all the parameters have to be kept under control and incipient problems have to be identified to minimize shut down and arrange various maintenance works. Automation systems, together with new monitoring and diagnostic systems, allow very high safety levels, availability and optimized maintenance interventions.
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Benammar, Sarra, Fatima Mraiche, Jensa Mariam Joseph, and Katerina Gorachinova. "Glucose and Transferrin Liganded PLGA Nanoparticles Internalization in Non-Small Lung Cancer Cells." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0227.

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Introduction: Recently, after a decade of confusing results, several studies pointed out that overexpression of GLUT1 (glucose transporter 1) is a biomarker of worse prognosis in NSCLC. Nonetheless, the presence of transferrin (Tf receptor), which is overexpressed in most cancer tissues and most lung cancers as well, in NSCLC is also an indicator of very poor prognosis. Therefore, these ligands can be used for active targeting of lung cancer cells and improved efficacy of internalization of cancer therapy using nanomedicines. Objectives: Having the background, the main goal of the project was the assessment of the influence of the glucose and transferrin ligands on the efficacy of internalization of the designed (i) glucose decorated PLGA (poly lactic-coglycolic acid) nanoparticles (Glu-PLGA NPs) and (ii) transferrin decorated PLGA nanoparticles (Tf-PLGA NPs) in comparison to (iii) non-liganded PLGA NPs using a A549 lung cancer cells. Methods: Glu-PLGA NPs, Tf-PLGA NPs and PLGA NP - fluorescently labelled), were designed using a sonication assisted nanoprecipitation method. Further, physicochemical properties characterization (particle size analysis, zeta potential, FTIR analysis, DSC analysis), cytotoxicity evaluation using MTT test, and cell internalization studies of DTAF labelled NPs using fluorimetry in A549 NSCLC cell line were performed. Results: The results pointed to a significantly improved internalization rate of the liganded compared to PLGA NPs. Glu-PLGA NPs showed higher internalization rate compared to Tf-PLGA and PLGA NPs, in the serum-supplemented and serumfree medium even at normal levels of glucose in the cell growth medium. Conclusion: The developed nanocarriers offer unique advantages of enhanced targetability, improved cell internalization and decreased toxicity, which makes them promising solution for current therapeutic limitations.
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Palma-Alvarez, Raul Felipe, Elena Ros-Cucurull, Constanza Daigre, et al. "ALEXITHYMIA AND IMPULSIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS." In 22° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2020. SEPD, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2020p015.

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INTRODUCTION Impulsivity and Alexithymia are related to substance use disorders (SUD) as risk factors (1,2), several cognitive skills are implied in both traits (1,2). However, few researches are published on their mutual relationship in SUD patients. OBJECTIVES To describe the correlations between alexithymia and impulsivity in SUD patients. METHODS Patients with SUD (according to DSM-5) were evaluated with invited to participate in an addiction treatment Ad-Hoc questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), Barratt impulsivity scales (BIS-11) and Dickamn functional dysfunctional impulsivity scale (FIDI) were performed in all patients. RESULTS 93 patients completed the full evaluation, the total score of TAS-20 was significantly related to total scores of BIS-11 and FIDI. Analyzing subscales, Difficulty Describing Feelings subscale describe better the association between total TAS-20 scores and impulsivity, and it may be the link between dysfunctional impulsivity and alexithymia. Externally-Oriented Thinking subscale was fewer correlated to any BIS-11 factor compared to the other subscales of TAS-20. Interestingly, cognitive impulsivity is not related to total TAS-20 scores and the TAS-20 subscales. CONCLUSIONS Alexythimia and impulsivity are related in SUD (especially some subfactors are better associated), and hence these relations should be considered when conducting therapeutic approaches. REFERENCIAS 1. Morie KP, Yip SW, Nich C, Hunkele K, Carroll KM, Potenza MN. Alexithymia and Addiction: A Review and Preliminary Data Suggesting Neurobiological Links to Reward/Loss Processing. Curr Addict Rep. 2016;3(2):239-248 2. Shishido H, Gaher RM, Simons JS. I don't know how I feel, therefore I act: alexithymia, urgency, and alcohol problems. Addict Behav. 2013;38(4):2014-7. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.12.014.
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Reports on the topic "EVALUATION OF RESULTS OF THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS/methods"

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Tipton, Kelley, Brian F. Leas, Nikhil K. Mull, et al. Interventions To Decrease Hospital Length of Stay. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb40.

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Background. Timely discharge of hospitalized patients can prevent patient harm, improve patient satisfaction and quality of life, and reduce costs. Numerous strategies have been tested to improve the efficiency and safety of patient recovery and discharge, but hospitals continue to face challenges. Purpose. This Technical Brief aimed to identify and synthesize current knowledge and emerging concepts regarding systematic strategies that hospitals and health systems can implement to reduce length of stay (LOS), with emphasis on medically complex or vulnerable patients at high risk for prolonged LOS due to clinical, social, or economic barriers to timely discharge. Methods. We conducted a structured search for published and unpublished studies and conducted interviews with Key Informants representing vulnerable patients, hospitals, health systems, and clinicians. The interviews provided guidance on our research protocol, search strategy, and analysis. Due to the large and diverse evidence base, we limited our evaluation to systematic reviews of interventions to decrease hospital LOS for patients at potentially higher risk for delayed discharge; primary research studies were not included, and searches were restricted to reviews published since 2010. We cataloged the characteristics of relevant interventions and assessed evidence of their effectiveness. Findings. Our searches yielded 4,364 potential studies. After screening, we included 19 systematic reviews reported in 20 articles. The reviews described eight strategies for reducing LOS: discharge planning; geriatric assessment or consultation; medication management; clinical pathways; inter- or multidisciplinary care; case management; hospitalist services; and telehealth. All reviews included adult patients, and two reviews also included children. Interventions were frequently designed for older (often frail) patients or patients with chronic illness. One review included pregnant women at high risk for premature delivery. No reviews focused on factors linking patient vulnerability with social determinants of health. The reviews reported few details about hospital setting, context, or resources associated with the interventions studied. Evidence for effectiveness of interventions was generally not robust and often inconsistent—for example, we identified six reviews of discharge planning; three found no effect on LOS, two found LOS decreased, and one reported an increase. Many reviews also reported patient readmission rates and mortality but with similarly inconsistent results. Conclusions. A broad range of strategies have been employed to reduce LOS, but rigorous systematic reviews have not consistently demonstrated effectiveness within medically complex, high-risk, and vulnerable populations. Health system leaders, researchers, and policymakers must collaborate to address these needs.
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Treadwell, Jonathan R., James T. Reston, Benjamin Rouse, Joann Fontanarosa, Neha Patel, and Nikhil K. Mull. Automated-Entry Patient-Generated Health Data for Chronic Conditions: The Evidence on Health Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb38.

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Background. Automated-entry consumer devices that collect and transmit patient-generated health data (PGHD) are being evaluated as potential tools to aid in the management of chronic diseases. The need exists to evaluate the evidence regarding consumer PGHD technologies, particularly for devices that have not gone through Food and Drug Administration evaluation. Purpose. To summarize the research related to automated-entry consumer health technologies that provide PGHD for the prevention or management of 11 chronic diseases. Methods. The project scope was determined through discussions with Key Informants. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (via EMBASE.com), In-Process MEDLINE and PubMed unique content (via PubMed.gov), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews or controlled trials. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov for ongoing studies. We assessed risk of bias and extracted data on health outcomes, surrogate outcomes, usability, sustainability, cost-effectiveness outcomes (quantifying the tradeoffs between health effects and cost), process outcomes, and other characteristics related to PGHD technologies. For isolated effects on health outcomes, we classified the results in one of four categories: (1) likely no effect, (2) unclear, (3) possible positive effect, or (4) likely positive effect. When we categorized the data as “unclear” based solely on health outcomes, we then examined and classified surrogate outcomes for that particular clinical condition. Findings. We identified 114 unique studies that met inclusion criteria. The largest number of studies addressed patients with hypertension (51 studies) and obesity (43 studies). Eighty-four trials used a single PGHD device, 23 used 2 PGHD devices, and the other 7 used 3 or more PGHD devices. Pedometers, blood pressure (BP) monitors, and scales were commonly used in the same studies. Overall, we found a “possible positive effect” of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for coronary artery disease, heart failure, and asthma. For obesity, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (body mass index/weight) as likely no effect. For hypertension, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (systolic BP/diastolic BP) as possible positive effect. For cardiac arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities we rated the health outcomes as unclear and the surrogate outcome (time to arrhythmia detection) as likely positive effect. The findings were “unclear” regarding PGHD interventions for diabetes prevention, sleep apnea, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most studies did not report harms related to PGHD interventions; the relatively few harms reported were minor and transient, with event rates usually comparable to harms in the control groups. Few studies reported cost-effectiveness analyses, and only for PGHD interventions for hypertension, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; the findings were variable across different chronic conditions and devices. Patient adherence to PGHD interventions was highly variable across studies, but patient acceptance/satisfaction and usability was generally fair to good. However, device engineers independently evaluated consumer wearable and handheld BP monitors and considered the user experience to be poor, while their assessment of smartphone-based electrocardiogram monitors found the user experience to be good. Student volunteers involved in device usability testing of the Weight Watchers Online app found it well-designed and relatively easy to use. Implications. Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated some PGHD technologies (e.g., pedometers, scales, BP monitors), particularly for obesity and hypertension, but health outcomes were generally underreported. We found evidence suggesting a possible positive effect of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for four chronic conditions. Lack of reporting of health outcomes and insufficient statistical power to assess these outcomes were the main reasons for “unclear” ratings. The majority of studies on PGHD technologies still focus on non-health-related outcomes. Future RCTs should focus on measurement of health outcomes. Furthermore, future RCTs should be designed to isolate the effect of the PGHD intervention from other components in a multicomponent intervention.
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Paynter, Robin A., Celia Fiordalisi, Elizabeth Stoeger, et al. A Prospective Comparison of Evidence Synthesis Search Strategies Developed With and Without Text-Mining Tools. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcmethodsprospectivecomparison.

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Background: In an era of explosive growth in biomedical evidence, improving systematic review (SR) search processes is increasingly critical. Text-mining tools (TMTs) are a potentially powerful resource to improve and streamline search strategy development. Two types of TMTs are especially of interest to searchers: word frequency (useful for identifying most used keyword terms, e.g., PubReminer) and clustering (visualizing common themes, e.g., Carrot2). Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the benefits and trade-offs of searches with and without the use of TMTs for evidence synthesis products in real world settings. Specific questions included: (1) Do TMTs decrease the time spent developing search strategies? (2) How do TMTs affect the sensitivity and yield of searches? (3) Do TMTs identify groups of records that can be safely excluded in the search evaluation step? (4) Does the complexity of a systematic review topic affect TMT performance? In addition to quantitative data, we collected librarians' comments on their experiences using TMTs to explore when and how these new tools may be useful in systematic review search¬¬ creation. Methods: In this prospective comparative study, we included seven SR projects, and classified them into simple or complex topics. The project librarian used conventional “usual practice” (UP) methods to create the MEDLINE search strategy, while a paired TMT librarian simultaneously and independently created a search strategy using a variety of TMTs. TMT librarians could choose one or more freely available TMTs per category from a pre-selected list in each of three categories: (1) keyword/phrase tools: AntConc, PubReMiner; (2) subject term tools: MeSH on Demand, PubReMiner, Yale MeSH Analyzer; and (3) strategy evaluation tools: Carrot2, VOSviewer. We collected results from both MEDLINE searches (with and without TMTs), coded every citation’s origin (UP or TMT respectively), deduplicated them, and then sent the citation library to the review team for screening. When the draft report was submitted, we used the final list of included citations to calculate the sensitivity, precision, and number-needed-to-read for each search (with and without TMTs). Separately, we tracked the time spent on various aspects of search creation by each librarian. Simple and complex topics were analyzed separately to provide insight into whether TMTs could be more useful for one type of topic or another. Results: Across all reviews, UP searches seemed to perform better than TMT, but because of the small sample size, none of these differences was statistically significant. UP searches were slightly more sensitive (92% [95% confidence intervals (CI) 85–99%]) than TMT searches (84.9% [95% CI 74.4–95.4%]). The mean number-needed-to-read was 83 (SD 34) for UP and 90 (SD 68) for TMT. Keyword and subject term development using TMTs generally took less time than those developed using UP alone. The average total time was 12 hours (SD 8) to create a complete search strategy by UP librarians, and 5 hours (SD 2) for the TMT librarians. TMTs neither affected search evaluation time nor improved identification of exclusion concepts (irrelevant records) that can be safely removed from the search set. Conclusion: Across all reviews but one, TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches. For simple SR topics (i.e., single indication–single drug), TMT searches were slightly less sensitive, but reduced time spent in search design. For complex SR topics (e.g., multicomponent interventions), TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches; nevertheless, in complex reviews, they identified unique eligible citations not found by the UP searches. TMT searches also reduced time spent in search strategy development. For all evidence synthesis types, TMT searches may be more efficient in reviews where comprehensiveness is not paramount, or as an adjunct to UP for evidence syntheses, because they can identify unique includable citations. If TMTs were easier to learn and use, their utility would be increased.
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