Academic literature on the topic 'Expectations theory'

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Journal articles on the topic "Expectations theory"

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Shiyan, D., and Y. Babochkina. "Expectations theory and wheat price dynamics." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 53, No. 10 (2008): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/926-agricecon.

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The analysis of prices on wheat in Germany from the point of view of the theory of expectations is given. For this purpose, the authors propose their own method of data processing which is called the method of sliding expectations. Different variants of its application were tested for the prognosis of the future meanings of the dynamic line. The conclusion is made as to the proposed methodology that permits to increase the prognosis authenticity. The treatment of the primary data of dynamic lines by sliding expectations allows to make their character closer to the stationary ones and to use it in the future analysis.
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Oh, Joon-Hee, and Judy Ma. "Multi-stage expectation-confirmation framework for salespeople expectation management." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 33, no. 8 (2018): 1165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-01-2018-0027.

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Purpose Despite its significance in salespeople management, salespeople expectation management has received little attention in the literature, especially in the industrial marketing literature. In response, the purpose of this study is to leverage the expectation confirmation theory to present a conceptual framework that provides an effective tool for salespeople expectation management. Design/methodology/approach This study first explores the application and strategic implications of expectation-confirmation theory in salespeople expectation management and theorizes that salespeople establish pre-expectations (expectations that are developed before joining the firm), experience multiple stages of the expectation-confirmation process throughout their sales career with a firm and – in each stage – establish either a longer-term commitment to or permanent disengagement from the firm. Findings A winning strategy for sales organizations is to recognize salespeople expectations and to meet or beat these expectations. Salespeople expectation management is particularly important in sales organizations that frequently find aligning sales force management strategies with organizational imperatives to be challenging. Research limitations/implications This study extends expectation-confirmation theory by presenting a conceptual framework that: identifies the existence of pre-expectations of salespeople and their outcomes; recognizes that the expectation-confirmation process occurs across multiple stages in the salespeople’s career cycle; recognizes that the level of expectations in previous stages of one’s career cycle influences the level of expectations in subsequent stages; and conceptualizes the non-linear relationship between expectations, tenure and turnover intentions. Originality/value The multiple expectation-confirmation framework can be used for effective salespeople expectation and turnover management and may also serve as a general model of organizational interventions.
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Duch, Raymond M., and Randolph T. Stevenson. "Context and Economic Expectations: When Do Voters Get It Right?" British Journal of Political Science 41, no. 1 (2010): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123410000323.

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This article discusses the accuracy and sources of economic assessments in three ways. First, following the rational expectations literature in economics, a large sample of countries over a long time period permits tests of the unbiasedness implication of the rational expectations hypotheses (REH), revealing much variation in the accuracy of expectations and the nature of the biases in expectations. Secondly, a theory of expectation formation encompassing the unbiasedness prediction of the REH and setting out the conditions under which economic expectations should be too optimistic or too pessimistic is elucidated. Zaller’s theory of political attitude formation allows the identification of variables conditioning the accuracy of expectations across contexts, drawing a link between the thinking of political scientists and economists about expectation formation. Finally, the theoretical argument that political context impacts the accuracy of average expectations is tested.
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Duck, Nigel W., K. Holden, D. A. Peel, and J. L. Thompson. "Expectations: Theory and Evidence." Economic Journal 96, no. 381 (1986): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2233440.

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Klein, Philip A. "Expectations: Theory and evidence." International Journal of Forecasting 3, no. 2 (1987): 340–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-2070(87)90020-3.

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Attfield, C. L. F., K. Holden, D. A. Peel, and J. L. Thompson. "Expectations: Theory and Evidence." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General) 149, no. 3 (1986): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2981567.

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Bejarano, Teresa. "The Origin of Human Theory-of-Mind." Humans 5, no. 1 (2025): 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/humans5010005.

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Is there a qualitative difference between apes’ and humans ‘ability to estimate others’ mental states’, a.k.a. ‘Theory-of-Mind’? After opting for the idea that expectations are empty profiles that recognize a particular content when it arrives, I apply the same description to ‘vicarious expectations’—very probably present in apes. Thus, (empty) vicarious expectations and one’s (full) contents are distinguished without needing meta-representation. Then, I propose: First, vicarious expectations are enough to support apes’ Theory-of-Mind (including ‘spontaneous altruism’). Second, since vicarious expectations require a profile previously built in the subject that activates them, this subject cannot activate any vicarious expectation of mental states that are intrinsically impossible for him. Third, your mental states that think of me as a distal individual are intrinsically impossible states for me, and therefore, to estimate them, I must estimate your mental contents. This ability (the original nucleus of the human Theory-of-Mind) is essential in the human lifestyle. It is involved in unpleasant and pleasant self-conscious emotions, which respectively contribute to ‘social order’ and to cultural innovations. More basically, it makes possible human (prelinguistic or linguistic) communication, since it originally made possible the understanding of others’ mental states as states that are addressed to me, and that are therefore impossible for me.
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Balkwell, James W. "From Expectations to Behavior: An Improved Postulate for Expectation States Theory." American Sociological Review 56, no. 3 (1991): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2096109.

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Renkas, Jurij. "Wage Expectations in Light of Human Capital Measurement Theory." Argumenta Oeconomica Cracoviensia, no. 9 (2013): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15678/aoc.2013.0902.

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Berger, Joseph. "Expectations, Theory, and Group Processes." Social Psychology Quarterly 55, no. 1 (1992): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2786682.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Expectations theory"

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Carton, Joel. "Self-fulfilling expectations of cyclical volatility and learnable rational expectations behavior /." view abstract or download file of text, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9947970.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 1999.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-113). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9947970.
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McGlone, James M. "On rational expectations and dynamic games." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52306.

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We consider the problem of uniting dynamic game theory and the rational expectations hypothesis. In doing so we examine the current trend in macroeconomic literature towards the use of dominant player games and offer an alternative game solution that seems more compatible with the rational expectations hypothesis. Our analysis is undertaken in the context of a simple deterministic macroeconomy. Wage setters are the agents in the economy and are playing a non-cooperative game with the Fed. The game is played with the wage setters selecting a nominal wage based on their expectation of the money supply, and the Fed selecta the money supply based on its expectation of the nominal wage. We find it is incorrect to use the rational expectations hypothesis in conjunction with the assumption that wage setters take the Fed's choices as an exogenous uncontrollable forcing process. We then postulate the use of a Nash equilibrium in which players have rational expectations. This results in an equilibrium that has Stackleberg properties. The nature of the solution is driven by the fact that the wage setter's reaction function is a level maximal set that covers all possible choices of the Fed. One of the largest problems we encountered in applying rational expectations to a dynamic game is the interdependence of the players' expectations. This problem raises two interesting but as yet unresolved questions regarding the expectations structures of agents: whether an endogenous expectations structure will yield rational expectations; and can endogenous expectations be completely modelled. In addition to the questions mentioned above we also show that the time inconsistency problem comes from either misspecifying the constraints on the policy maker or an inconsistency in interpreting those constraints. We also show that the Lucas critique holds in a game setting and how the critique relates to the reaction functions of players.<br>Ph. D.
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Baddeley, Michelle. "Rationality, expectations and investment : the theory of Keynes vs. neo-classical theory." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435362.

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Williams, Christopher John. "Exchange rates, expectations and international trade : theory and evidence." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1990. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/66916/.

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Unprecedented movements in real exchange rates during the 1980s led to suspicions of instability in the exchange rate - trade relationships in the UK and elsewhere. 1be research in this thesis investigates the sensitivity of UK trade volumes to movements in the real exchange rate, and considers various interpretations of the alleged parameter instability: econometric misspecification; theoretical inadequacy due to the neglect of possible hysteresis effects and/or the neglect of supply side factors; and the Lucas critique effects of a changed policy regime on expectations formation. Against the background of UK experience we examine specific questions of theory and evidence within partial equilibrium frameworks. These share a common concern: considering the (macro economically important) case of mean reversion in real exchange rate expectations. Clapters two and three introduce mean reversion into Dixit's (1989a) theory model of sunk cost hysteresis in trade. This research uses both analytic and numerical methods to characterise solutions with mean reversion in greater detail than elsewhere and uncovers some striking and unexpected results. Most important is the possible reversal of the stochastic and perfect foresight triggers under asymmetric sunk costs which reflects the essential difference between costly reversibility and strict irreversibility in investment Uncertainty does not always delay action, because the possibility of reversal must be allowed for. Chapter four explores the wider significance of the analysis for similar stochastic saddlepoint models such as the analysis of exchange rate target zones. Chapters five and six consider the significance of the short run dynamic specification of quarterly UK manufactured export volumes equations to the reported instability in estimates of the long run competitiveness elasticity in the light of evidence that UK competitiveness measures follow stationary processes within an institutionally identified policy regime. Hausman specification tests, show that the long run competitiveness elasticity is misspecified and underestimated in recent (error correction mechanism) specifications of UK manufactured export volume equations. This inadequacy reflects the omission of long 'smoothing' lags on the competitiveness variable Subsequently, chapter seven considers simulation evidence from the Dixit model as to the potential relevance of such effects to the UK experience under the large shock to competitiveness of 1980-1 but emphasises that the aggregate implications are not clear cut chapter eight considers whether the expectational effects of the 1979 Thatcher government's change in policy regime can be separated out from the other influences at work behind reduced form models but finds that the data do not support the particular approach adopted. Concluding. we emphasise that the potential importance and complexity of expectational factors and theory combines with the our empirical findings to suggest that exchange rate uncertainty may be crucial to trade behaviour and that macroeconomic adjustment may be inhibited by excess exchange rate uncertainty. Overall export performance may also reflect supply factors which are not captured in existing models, such as hysteretic exit. or expected cost changes. But we doubt whether future research will achieve a data consistent aggregate econometric model of UK trade which is fully grounded in appropriate optimising economic theory with realistic adjustment costs. We may have to settle for approximations to the data generation process which do not employ recent theoretical insights. In that event. the use of such models in policy design should be circumscribed due to the possibility of Lucas critique effects, hysteresis mechanisms and supply side factors.
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Timmermann, Allan. "Rational expectations, learning and stock market efficiency." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357750.

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Krause, Alan, and Alan Krause. "Great Expectations and Dodgy Explanations." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12338.

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How do organizations assess and explain their performance? Prior studies have attempted to demonstrate that, like individuals, organizations take credit for good performance and blame poor performance on influences in their environment. However, these studies have found only a weak relationship between performance and attribution at the level of the firm. This dissertation seeks to elucidate this relationship by conceptualizing firms as social agents and by combining aspiration and attribution theory for the first time at the level of the firm. Analysis of performance explanations by large, public manufacturing firms in 2004 and 2005 revealed that firms' performance explanations correlated with their cognitive experiences of success and failure. These findings further understanding of organizational cognition, attribution, and image management.
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RAST, Sebastian. "Essays on the dynamics of inflation expectations." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/74528.

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Defence date: 11 May 2022<br>Examining Board : Prof. Evi Pappa (Universidad Carlos III Madrid); Prof. Leonardo Melosi (Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago); Dr. Philippe Andrade (Federal Reserve Bank of Boston); Dr. Marek Jarociński (European Central Bank)<br>This thesis investigates the dynamics of inflation expectations with a particular focus on survey data. It aims to further the understanding of what drives inflation expectations and what are the implications of changes in inflation expectations for economic choices. The first chapter examines to what extent monetary policy moves household inflation expectations. More specifically, I study the effect of different types of monetary policy announcements on household inflation expectations based on micro data from a survey of German households. As unique feature, interviews of the survey were conducted both shortly before and after monetary policy events. This timing provides a natural experiment to identify the immediate effects of policy announcements on household inflation expectations. In contrast to most existing studies, the availability of the survey over a period of 15 years also allows me to exploit the time-series dimension to estimate how policy announcements affect household inflation expectations over the medium-term. I find that policy rate announcements lead to quick and significant adjustments in household inflation expectations with the effect peaking after half a year. Announcements about forward guidance and quantitative easing, on the other hand, have only small and delayed effects. My results suggest that monetary policy announcements can influence household expectations but further improvements in communication seem to be necessary to reach the general public more effectively. In particular, in an environment where policy rates are constrained by the effective lower bound, it may be very hard for central banks to influence household expectations. In the second chapter, joint with Evi Pappa and Alejandro Vicondoa, we focus on expectations about inflation in the medium to long run and study the implications of changes in these expectations for households’ economic choices. We identify in a SVAR shocks that best explain future movements in different measures of underlying inflation at a five-year horizon and label them as news augmented shocks to underlying inflation. Independently of the measure used, such shocks raise the nominal rate and inflation persistently, while they induce mild and short-lived increases in economic activity. The extracted inflation shocks have differential distributional effects. They increase significantly and persistently the consumption of mortgagors and homeowners. Differently from the traditional monetary policy disturbances, news augmented shocks to underlying inflation induce a positive wealth effect for mortgagors and homeowners, driven by a reduction in the real mortgage payments and a persistent increase in real house prices that they induce. The third chapter, joint with Jonas Fisher and Leonardo Melosi, is also about long-run inflation expectations but in this case the focus is on professional forecasters. We use panel data from the U.S. Survey of Professional Forecasters to estimate a model of individual forecaster behavior in an environment where inflation follows a trend-cycle time series process. Our model allows us to estimate the sensitivity of forecasters’ long-run expectations to incoming inflation and news about future inflation, and measure the coordination of beliefs about future inflation. We use our model of individual forecasters to study average long-run inflation expectations. Short term changes in inflation have small effects on average expectations; the sensitivity to news is over twice as large, but is still relatively small. These findings provide a partial explanation for why the anchoring and subsequent de-anchoring of average inflation expectations over 1991 to 2020 were such long-lasting episodes. Our model suggests coordination of beliefs also played a role, slowing down but not preventing the pull on average expectations from inflation running persistently below target. We apply our model to the case of a U.S. central banker setting policy in September 2021. Our results suggest the high inflation readings of mid-2021 would have to be followed by overshooting of the Fed’s target generally at the high end of the Fed’s Summary of Economic Projections to re-anchor long term expectations at their pre-Great Recession level.<br>1 Central Bank Communication with the General Public: Survey Evidence from Germany 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Data and descriptive evidence 1.3 Identification approach and main results 1.4 Discussion 1.5 Inflation expectations and consumer spending 1.6 Conclusion 2 Uncovering the heterogeneous effects of news shocks to underlying inflation 32 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Identifying News Shocks to Underlying Inflation 2.3 Macroeconomic Effects 2.4 Estimation of Heterogeneous Effects 2.5 Comparison with Monetary Policy Shocksclusion 3 Anchoring long-run inflation expectations in a panel of professional forecasters 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Relation to the literature 3.3 The Model 3.4 Estimation 3.5 Data 3.6 Estimates 3.7 Inflation expectations through the lens of the model 3.8 Re-Anchoring U.S. Inflation Expectations 3.9 Conclusion -- References -- A Appendix to Chapter 1 -- A.1 GfK household survey -- A.2 Monetary policy surprises -- A.3 Additional event study results -- A.4 Additional local projection results -- A.5 Dynamic effects based on pseudo panel approach -- A.6 The effects on quantitative inflation expectations -- A.7 Financial market responses -- B Appendix to Chapter 2 -- B.1 Data Appendix -- B.2 Series of underlying inflation -- B.3 Correlation with monetary policy/inflation target shocks -- B.4 Validation of the Identified Shock -- B.5 IRFs Additional Variables -- B.6 VAR Robustness Analysis -- B.7 LP IRFs of VAR variables -- B.8 VAR IRFs of consumption responses by housing tenure -- B.9 Additional LP results -- B.10 Alternative dimensions of heterogeneity -- B.11 Robustness of Baseline Heterogeneous Effects -- B.12 Comparison with monetary policy shocks -- C Appendix to Chapter 3 -- C.1 Definition of matrices in subsection 3.3.2 and section 3.4 -- C.2 Model derivations -- C.3 Initial conditions for estimation -- C.4 Selection of forecasters -- C.5 Volatility of Expectations -- C.6 Historical decomposition -- C.7 Robustness of panel estimation -- C.8 Projection exercise
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Basu, Somnath. "Information, expectations and equilibrium: Trading volume hypotheses." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185109.

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In analyses of the relationship between information and price-volume reactions, the role of investor expectations is often considered implicitly. Not allowing investors to either disagree among each other or remain uninformed is a consequence of the assumption of a free and perfect information flow. A more flexible definition of information allows the observation that trading volume is an accurate reflector of investor expectations and contains valuable information about price movements. Trading volume is also used to empirically show the effects of imperfect information and the inappropriateness of the event study method.
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Pak, Minsok. "Long horizon movements in exchange rates: Great expectations." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1342189772.

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PANK, ROULUND Rasmus. "Essays in empirical economics." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/62944.

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Defence date: 20 May 2019<br>Examining Board: Prof. Jerome Adda (Supervisor); Prof. Piero Gottardi,University of Essex; Prof. Rosemarie Nagel, Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Prof. Glenn W. Harrison, Georgia State University<br>This first chapter is co-authored with Nicolás Aragón and examines how participant and market confidence affect the outcomes in an experimental asset market where the fundamental value is known by all participants. Such a market should, in theory, clear at the expected value in each period. However, the literature has shown that bubbles often occur in these markets. We measure the confidence of each participant by asking them to forecast the one-period-ahead price as a discrete probability mass distribution. We find that confidence not only affects price-formation in markets, but is important in explaining the dynamics of bubbles. Moreover, as traders’ confidence grows, they become increasingly more optimistic, thus increasing the likelihood of price bubbles. The second chapter also deals with expectations and uncertainty, but from a different angle. It asks how increased uncertainty affects economic demand in a particular sector, using a discrete-choice demand framework. To investigate this issue I examine empirically to what extent varying uncertainty affects the consumer demand for flight traffic using us micro demand data. I find that the elasticity of uncertainty on demand is economically and statistically significant. The third chapter presents a more practical side to the issue examined in the first chapter. It describes how to elicit participants’ expectations in an economic experiment. The methodology is based on Harrison et al. (2017). The tool makes it easier for participants in economic experiments to forecast the movements of a key variable as discrete values using a discrete probability mass distribution that can be “drawn” on a virtual canvas using the mouse. The module I wrote is general enough that it can be included in other economic experiments.<br>1. Certainty and Decision-Making in Experimental Asset Markets 1.1. Literature Review 1.2. Hypotheses 1.3. Experimental Design 1.3.1. The asset market 1.3.2. Eliciting traders’ beliefs 1.3.3. Risk, Ambiguity and Hedging 1.4. Overview of experimental data 1.4.1. Summary of the trade data 1.4.2. Expectation data 1.5. Results 1.5.1. Predictions and forecast 1.5.2. Convergence of expectations 1.5.3. Market volatility and initial expectations 1.5.4. Explanatory power of certainty on price formation 1.6. Conclusion 2. The impact of macroeconomic uncertainty on demand: 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Literature review 2.3. A model of demand for flights 2.3.1. Demand 2.3.2. Firms 2.4. Data 2.4.1. The characteristics of the products 2.4.2. Market and macroeconomic characteristics 2.4.3. Instruments 2.4.4. Product shares 2.5. Results 2.6. Conclusion 3. forecast.js: a module for measuring expectation in economic experiments 3.1. Background 3.1.1. Elicitating Expectations in Experimental Finance 3.1.2. Eliciting a Distribution of Beliefs: Theoretical Considerations 3.2. Using the forecast.js module 3.2.1. Calibration 3.2.2. Accessing the forecast data 3.3. The generated data 3.3.1. Example of individual expectations 3.3.2. Timing Considerations 3.3.3. Prediction precision over time 3.4. Conclusion Bibliography A. Appendix to Chapter 1 A.1. Further robustness checks A.1.1. Additional graph for Hypothesis 2 A.1.2. Increased agreement with the Bhattacharyya coefficient A.1.3. Additional robustness checks for Hypothesis 3 A.2. Instructions for experiment A.2.1. General Instructions A.2.2. How to use the computerized market A.3. Questionnaire A.3.1. Before Session A.3.2. After Session B. Appendix to Chapter 3 99 B.1. Robustness check of precision B.2. Using forecast.js in a standalone HTML page B.3. Using forecast.js with oTree B.3.1. Setting up models.py B.3.2. The pages.py file B.3.3. Display forecast modules on the pages
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Books on the topic "Expectations theory"

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Holden, K., D. A. Peel, and J. L. Thompson. Expectations: Theory and Evidence. Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17862-9.

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D, Peel, and Thompson John L, eds. Expectations: Theory and evidence. St. Martin's Press, 1985.

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D, Peel, and Thompson John L, eds. Expectations: Theory and evidence. Macmillan, 1985.

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Luzenberger, Raul De. Nuova macroeconomia classica e meccanismo di mercato: Certezze ed incertezze negli equilibri di aspettative razionali : aspetti teorici ed empirici. Edizioni scientifiche italiane, 1990.

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Hansen, Lars Peter. Rational expectations econometrics. Westview Press, 1991.

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Charles, Stein. Approximate computation of expectations. Institute of Mathematical Statistics, 1986.

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Minelli, Enrico. Rational expectations in games. CIACO, 1995.

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Brunnermeier, Markus Konrad. Optimal expectations. Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, 2002.

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Brunnermeier, Markus Konrad. Optimal expectations. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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1957-, Blanck Peter David, ed. Interpersonal expectations: Theory, research, and applications. Cambridge University Press, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Expectations theory"

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Fristedt, Bert, and Lawrence Gray. "Expectations: Theory." In A Modern Approach to Probability Theory. Birkhäuser Boston, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2837-5_4.

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Klenke, Achim. "Conditional Expectations." In Probability Theory. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56402-5_8.

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Klenke, Achim. "Conditional Expectations." In Probability Theory. Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5361-0_8.

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Rotter, Julian B. "Social Learning Theory." In Expectations and Actions. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003150879-12.

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DeFleur, Melvin L., and Margaret H. DeFleur. "Social Expectations Theory." In Mass Communication Theories, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003083467-22.

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Koppl, Roger. "Expectations." In Big Players and the Economic Theory of Expectations. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230629240_6.

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Dodis, Yevgeniy, and Yu Yu. "Overcoming Weak Expectations." In Theory of Cryptography. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36594-2_1.

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Shafer, Glenn. "Nature’s Possibilities and Expectations." In Probability Theory. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9648-0_8.

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Sinai, Yakov G. "Conditional Probabilities and Expectations." In Probability Theory. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02845-2_8.

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Fristedt, Bert, and Lawrence Gray. "Conditional Expectations." In A Modern Approach to Probability Theory. Birkhäuser Boston, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2837-5_23.

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Conference papers on the topic "Expectations theory"

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Chen, Lingyi, Jiachuan Ye, Shitong Wu, Huihui Wu, Hao Wu, and Wenyi Zhang. "An Expectation-Maximization Relaxed Method for Privacy Funnel." In 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit57864.2024.10619516.

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Dodis, Yevgeniy, and Yu Yu. "Overcoming weak expectations." In 2012 IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itw.2012.6404636.

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Aumann, Robert J. "Rational expectations in games." In 2009 International Conference on Game Theory for Networks (GameNets). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gamenets.2009.5137372.

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Panda, Prabir, and Ganesh P. Sahu. "Fulfilling public procurement expectations in India." In ICEGOV '13: 7th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. ACM, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2591888.2591905.

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Antoschin, Roman, and Maria A. Wimmer. "Smart Cities: Practitioners’ Understanding and Expectations." In ICEGOV 2021: 14th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3494193.3494309.

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Alghamdi, Wael, and Flavio P. Calmon. "Polynomial Approximations of Conditional Expectations in Scalar Gaussian Channels." In 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit45174.2021.9517932.

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Frömmel, Tomáš. "THE AUSTRIAN BUSINESS CYCLE THEORY, RATIONAL EXPECTATIONS AND HISTORICAL TIME." In 7th Economics & Finance Conference, Tel Aviv. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/efc.2017.007.002.

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Alperen, Ümit, and Ahmet Günay. "Trade Expectations Theory and China’s Rising: Towards a Peaceful Future?" In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00907.

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Since mid-1990, it has been discussed that China’s economic rise would affect political space. There are some worries that the “rejuvenation” of China as economic, politic, geo-strategic power could challenge to the current international system. Hence this rising has been called “China threat theory” and it could cause a conflict in international system. According to realist school, China’s peaceful rise is almost impossible, so China will threat to the current international system and clash with hegemonic power. They also provide some empirical evidence from history. On the other hand, Liberals expresses that trade provides valuable benefits to any particular states. So, China as a dependent state should avoid from war or conflict, since peaceful trading gives it all the benefits of close ties without any of the costs and risks of war. This paper attempts to examine ‘China’s peaceful rise’ based on interdependence and trade expectations theory within the context of international political economy. To analyze whether China threat or not to the world, we have to know the relationship between economic and politics. Trade expectations theory could explain the rise of China with establishes bridge between incompetence of realist and liberal theories. According to trade expectations theory, the rise of China will be peaceful because of China’s expectations as economically are positive. For this reason, China as a rational actor chooses win-win without risk instead of win-lose or lose-lose. If China’s expectations turn into negative in future, its policies could change from cooperation to conflict.
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Netto, Lucas Silveira Antoun. "Carbon market: economic theory, international practice and expectations for Brazil." In ROG.e Conference. IBP, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.48072/2525-7579.roge.2024.4001.

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Taverner, Joaquín, Bexy Alfonso, Emilio Vivancos, and Vicente Botti. "Integrating Expectations into Jason for Appraisal in Emotion Modeling." In 8th International Conference on Evolutionary Computation Theory and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006070202310238.

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Reports on the topic "Expectations theory"

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Angeletos, George-Marios, Zhen Huo, and Karthik Sastry. Imperfect Macroeconomic Expectations: Evidence and Theory. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27308.

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Hajdini, Ina, Edward S. Knotek, John Leer, Mathieu O. Pedemonte, Robert W. Rich, and Raphael S. Schoenle. Indirect Consumer Inflation Expectations: Theory and Evidence. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202235.

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Based on indirect utility theory, we introduce a novel methodology of measuring inflation expectations indirectly. This methodology starts at the individual level, asking consumers about the change in income required to buy the same amounts of goods and services one year ahead. Analytically, our methodology possesses smaller ex-post aggregate inflation forecast errors relative to forecasts based on conventional survey questions. We ask this question in a large-scale, high-frequency survey of consumers in the US and 14 countries, and we show that indirect consumer inflation expectations perform well along several empirical dimensions. Exploiting the geographically detailed, high-frequency variation in the data, we then show that individual experiences matter for inflation expectations, in a nuanced way. For example, age and gender have different effects internationally, while individual inflation and local experiences are generally highly relevant. In an application to gasoline price changes, we identify large effects of experienced gasoline price changes on inflation expectations, characterized by both overreaction and persistence.
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Bottazzi, Renata. Expectations in theory and in practice: a brief review. The IFS, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/re.ifs.2024.0889.

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de Silva, Tim, Eugene Larsen-Hallock, Adam Rej, and David Thesmar. Expectations Formation with Fat-Tailed Processes: Evidence and Theory. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3386/w33808.

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Briand, Etienne, Massimiliano Marcellino, and Dalibor Stevanovic. Inflation, Attention and Expectations. CIRANO, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54932/qxot2239.

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We investigate the role of attention in shaping inflation dynamics. To measure the general public attention, we utilize Google Trends (GT) data for keywords such as "inflation." For professional attention, we construct an indicator based on the standardized count of Wall Street Journal (WSJ) articles with "inflation" in their titles. Through empirical analysis, we show that attention significantly impacts inflation dynamics, even when accounting for traditional inflation-related factors. Macroeconomic theory suggests that expectations formation is a natural mechanism to explain these findings. We find support for this hypothesis by measuring a decrease in professional forecasters’ information rigidity during periods of high attention. In contrast to prior research, our findings highlight the critical roles of media communication and public attention in shaping aggregate inflation expectations. We then develop a theoretical model that captures our stylized facts, showing that both inflation dynamics and forecaster expectations are regime-dependent. Finally, we examine the implications of this framework for the effectiveness of monetary policy.
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Lamla, Michael J., Damjan Pfajfar, and Lea E. Rendell. Inflation and Deflationary Biases in the Distribution of Inflation Expectations: Theory and Empirical Evidence from Nine Countries. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202426.

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We explore the consequences of losing confidence in the price stability objective of central banks by studying the resulting inflation and deflationary biases in medium-run inflation expectations. In a model with heterogeneous household perceptions of an occasionally binding zero-lower-bound constraint and of monetary policy objectives, we show that the estimated model-implied distribution of households' inflation expectations matches several characteristics of the empirical distribution when featuring both inflation and deflationary biases. We then directly identify these biases using unique individual-level survey data on medium-run inflation expectations across nine countries and over time. Both inflation and deflationary biases are important features of the distribution of medium-run inflation expectations.
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Farmer, Roger E. A. The Effect of Conventional and Unconventional Monetary Policy Rules on Inflation Expectations: Theory and Evidence. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18007.

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Ganimian, Alejandro, and Emiliana Vegas. Theory and Evidence on Teacher Policies in Developed and Developing Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012277.

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The past decade has seen the emergence of numerous rigorous impact evaluations of teacher policies. This paper reviews the economic theory and empirical evidence on eight teacher policy goals: (1) setting clear expectations for teachers; (2) attracting the best into teaching; (3) preparing teachers with useful training and experience; (4) matching teachers' skills with students' needs; (5) leading teachers with strong principals; (6) monitoring teaching and learning; (7) supporting teachers to improve instruction; and (8) motivating teachers to perform. The paper also discusses key concepts and methods in econometrics to understand existing studies and offers some directions for future research.
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Kosar, Gizem, and Davide Melcangi. Subjective Uncertainty and the Marginal Propensity to Consume. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 2025. https://doi.org/10.59576/sr.1148.

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Earnings uncertainty is central to most heterogeneous-household models. Yet, there is surprisingly little evidence on how subjective uncertainty is related to consumption behavior. Using unique data from the Survey of Consumer Expectations, we show that the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is increasing and concave in individual specific earnings growth uncertainty. In the workhorse consumption–savings model, augmented with risk heterogeneity, MPCs decline with earnings uncertainty, contrary to the empirical evidence. We pinpoint which mechanisms, central to the model, create this disconnect and show how recently proposed deviations from the full-information rational expectations framework can reconcile theory with the empirical findings.
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Nolan, Parker Stephen. Network Theory: How Can Its Application Cultivate the Conditions to Support Young Creatives? Creative Generation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51163/creative-gen004.

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As observers to the intersectional fields of culture, education, and social change, Creative Generation witnessed the chosen organizational structure of “networks” come into vogue – particularly as smaller, community-based organizations have begun to participate in larger-scale, collaborative initiatives. In almost all examples, the individuals and organizations involved do their collaborative work through a “network,” using any number of connections and patterns. This qualitative inquiry sought to understand how applying Network Theory to organizational structures can cultivate the conditions to support young creatives. Through literature and conducting interviews with leaders of diverse networks in the arts and cultural education fields, this project provides an overview of Network Theory and examines examples of various models. This report proposes the following set of provocations for the field to interrogate the use of Network Theory in their projects’ implementation: strong connections between the network and its participants, shared power among network leadership and participants, clear expectations about funding, and specific role for young creatives in decision-making.
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