Academic literature on the topic 'Extirpation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Extirpation"
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Bramburger, Andrew J., Euan D. Reavie, Gerald V. Sgro, Lisa R. Estepp, Victoria L. Shaw Chraïbi, and Robert W. Pillsbury. "Size matters: diatom establishment and extirpation timing in the Laurentian Great Lakes has been influenced by cell size." Journal of Plankton Research 42, no. 3 (2020): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbaa013.
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Abstract The Laurentian Great Lakes are among the planet’s fastest-warming lakes. Recent paleolimnological studies have shown changes in the diatom community of the system, including shifts towards taxa characteristic of strongly stratified systems and ongoing cell-size diminution. Relationships between species’ cell size and establishment in—or extirpation from—the system have not been addressed. Examining patterns of establishment and extirpation provides insight into the effects of multiple stressors at the ecosystem scale. We evaluate the timing of the establishment or extirpation of diatom taxa from fossil records post-European settlement within the Great Lakes as a function of cell size. Relationships between establishment or extirpation date and cell size were not random, and were best expressed as cubic curves. Generally, large taxa became established early in the record, while establishments of smaller taxa continued apace until the late 20th century. Extirpations of taxa of all sizes accelerated in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, and large-celled taxa were disproportionately extirpated over the last two decades. We discuss the implications of these relationships on the overall cell-size characteristics of the community, and consider the influences of propagule pressure, nutrient status, species invasions, and climate change upon diatom establishment and extirpation.
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Mushkin, A. Yu, D. G. Naumov та E. Yu Umenushkina. "THORACIC AND LUMBAR HEMIVERTEBRA EXCISION IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS: HOW DOES THE OPERATION TECHNIQUE INFLUENCE ON OUTCOMES? (СOHORT ANALYSIS AND LITERATURE REVIEW)". Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia 24, № 3 (2018): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2018-24-3-83-90.
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Purpose of the study— to study impact of hemi-vertebrae extirpation technique in mono-segmental reconstructionon the surgical trauma.Material and Methods.34 patients underwent 36 mono-segmental extirpations of hemi-vertebrae followed by aposterior fixation during a single center four years cohort study. Mean age of children at the moment of procedure was 4 years and 3 months (min — 1 year, max — 14 years). The authors studied impact of pathology level, surgical approach, type of bony structures removal technique and age of the patients on the time of procedure and volume of blood loss. Results.Extirpation of thoracic hemi-vertebrae was characterized by a lengthier procedure and greater blood lossin contrast to lumbar hemi-vertebrae. Patients were divided into three groups depending on extirpation technique: 1) extirpation from two approaches using a high-speed burr; 2) from a single dorsal approach using the same extirpation technique; 3) from dorsal approach using ultrasonic bone scalpel. Surgery time was 208±72 min in the first group, 187±54 min in the second group, and 170±30 min in the third group; blood loss volume was 181±39, 181±53, 132±73 ml respectively in the groups, or 11.5±4.3%, 9.4±2.8% and 9.6±5.2% of total blood volume, respectively.Conclusion.Surgical approach and hemi-vertebrae extirpation technique in children have a varying impact onsurgery time and intraoperative blood loss, and the least values were reported for posterior approach using ultrasonic bone scalpel.
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Chung, Eric L., Faizan Alawi, Anh D. Le, and Rabie M. Shanti. "Virtual Surgical Planning and Piezoelectric Surgery in Tumor Extirpative Surgery Aimed at Inferior Alveolar Nerve Preservation." Case Reports in Surgery 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4397178.
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A myriad of extirpative surgical protocols for the management of benign tumors of the jaws have been presented in the literature. Through significant advancements in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology and surgical instrumentation, today surgeons have at their disposal robust technology-driven techniques that are aimed at improving surgical outcomes. Our goal is to investigate the benefits of implementing virtual surgical planning (VSP) in conjunction with piezoelectric surgery (PES) to ensure success while minimizing the risk of complications during extirpation of tumors of the mandible. This case report describes the successful extirpation of an ossifying fibroma of the mandible in an adult patient using both VSP and PES.
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Smith, H. "Pattern regulation during the development of the ventral abdomen in the flesh fly Sarcophaga agryostoma." Development 105, no. 2 (1989): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.105.2.335.
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The adult abdominal epidermis of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga agryostoma, arises from small nests of diploid histoblasts which grow out and replace the polytene larval epidermal cells during metamorphosis. Extirpation experiments are used to investigate the roles of interactions with neighbouring nests or larval epidermis in determining the fates of the ventral histoblast nests. The extirpation of both left and right ventral histoblast nests deletes the sternite in the corresponding adult segment, but when only one nest is extirpated the hemisternite on that side of the adult is regenerated by the remaining nest. Regenerated hemisternites are smaller and bear fewer bristles than normal hemisternites. Extirpation of the larval epidermis between the two ventral nests leads to the production of small duplicate hemisternites, which resemble the regenerated hemisternites produced by single ventral nests. These midventral extirpations were also found to delay ventral nest fusion. The results suggest that each ventral nest has an autonomous capacity to form both hemisternites, but that interactions between the nests after fusion normally limit their development and prevent pattern duplication. The possible nature of such interactions is discussed and related to models of pattern regulation and growth control in imaginal disc development.
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Brown, David E., Andrew T. Smith, Jennifer K. Frey, and Brittany R. Schweiger. "A Review of the Ongoing Decline of the White-Tailed Jackrabbit." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 11, no. 1 (2019): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/042019-jfwm-026.
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Abstract The distribution and abundance of the white-tailed jackrabbit Lepus townsendii have declined significantly since 1950, continuing a trend that began in some regions of its range in the late 1800s. We reviewed museum records and the literature to evaluate the status of the white-tailed jackrabbit in each state and province in its historical range and evaluated possible reasons for its decline. Our evaluation revealed its extirpation or decline throughout much of its range, but its legal or conservation status does generally not reflect this precarious status. We note its extirpation in Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma, and potential extirpation in British Columbia, Oregon, Illinois, and Wisconsin. We classified the white-tailed jackrabbit to be broadly extirpated in Iowa, Minnesota, Washington, Nebraska and California, and declining with local extirpations in Wyoming, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and South Dakota. We consider it to be a relict in Ontario, and possibly declining in Alberta, Saskatchewan, North Dakota, Idaho, and Montana. We consider only Manitoba to have a possibly stable population. Determining the reasons for the species' reduced distribution is difficult, as the decline appears to be due to multiple factors, none of which provide a universal explanation. We dismissed road kills, recreational hunting, disease and parasites, and competition with black-tailed jackrabbits Lepus californicus as causes of the widespread population declines and extirpations. We concluded that habitat alterations and climate change are overriding factors, and that past depredation measures and increased predator populations have likely contributed to the decline. These hypotheses require further testing. We recommend more research on the distribution, abundance, ecology, and population dynamics of white-tailed jackrabbits, and management that includes a frank appraisal of the species' status, the potential for grassland restoration, and programs to reintroduce populations into prairie preserves and restored grasslands.
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Rutkowski, A. "A case of laparo-colpo-hysterectomiae in cancer and fibroids of the uterus." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 5, no. 5 (2020): 487–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd55487-489.
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If there are also possible disputes regarding the frequency of cancer and myoma of the uterus, in general, then the combination of cancer and myoma of a large size, such that does not allow extirpationis uteri per vaginam, must undoubtedly be recognized as extremely rare. The more interesting is the issue of operational assistance in cases of this last kind. Extirpatio uteri per vaginam is possible with tumors of size, according to Schroeder and Schaut, not more than a fist, but according to Leopold, less than a child's head. Colpo-laparo-hysterectomia is expedient where the combined method has to be handled due to any unforeseen accidents during the production of vaginal extirpation. As for those cases, where already before the operation it was decided to operate according to the combined method, then it would be expedient and, so to speak, antiseptic to start the operation with laparotomy, that is, to produce not colpo-laparo-hysterectomiam, but vice versa, colpo-kysterectomiam, which operation was performed by N.A. Velyaminov in the following case.
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Downing, J. A., P. Van Meter, and D. A. Woolnough. "Suspects and evidence: a review of the causes of extirpation and decline in freshwater mussels." Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 33, no. 2 (2010): 151–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2010.33.0151.
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Conservation of biodiversity requires reliable evidence of the causes of extirpation. Using freshwater mussels as an example, we performed the first-ever systematic assessment of the evidence for endangerment of any group of organisms. We surveyed articles publishing conclusions about the cause of local extirpation by assessing the quality of evidence on an objective scale. We found that only 48% of studies presented plausible links between extirpation and causes. Analyses lacked resolution since more than 75% of all studies considered (n = 124) suggested multiple causes of extirpation. Studies performed over large areas and those presenting less evidence postulated the most causes. Despite the frequently weak evidence, there was substantial agreement on the identity of causes; the most frequent was habitat destruction or alteration but many others were postulated. Although mussel extirpation is undoubtedly real, the evidence could be stronger. In these animals and others, evidence of the causes of extirpation has often been circumstantial. We present a systematic approach ecologists can use to strengthen the evidence concerning the causes of extirpation. We also reflect on the link between the strength of evidence and research funding priorities.
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Horbury, William. "Extirpation and Excommunication." Vetus Testamentum 35, no. 1 (1985): 13–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853385x00286.
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Yang, Che-Hsueh, Chao-Yu Hsu, Yi-Sheng Lin, Min-Che Tung, and Yen-Chuan Ou. "One-Step Robot-Assisted Complete Urinary Tract Extirpation in Man with End-Stage Renal Disease on Dialysis: The First Case Report." Current Oncology 30, no. 5 (2023): 5093–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30050385.
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Urothelial carcinoma (UC) could be observed in urinary bladder (UBUC) and upper urinary tracts (UTUC). In the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for bladder cancer, extirpative surgery is indicated in certain cases. However, some extreme cases might also need the extirpation of the majority of the urinary tract, which is called complete urinary tract extirpation (CUTE). We present a patient diagnosed with high-grade UBUC and UTUC. He underwent dialysis for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) at the same time. Considering his non-functional kidneys and removing his high-risk urothelium at the same time, we performed robot-assisted CUTE to extirpate both his upper urinary tracts, urinary bladder, and prostate. In our experience, the console time was not significantly elongated, and the perioperative course was uneventful. To our knowledge, this is the first case report adopting a robotic system in such an extreme case. We conclude that robot-assisted CUTE is worth further study regarding its oncological survival outcomes and perioperative safety in patients with ESRD on dialysis.
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Nunn, Patrick D. "In Anticipation of Extirpation." Environmental Humanities 12, no. 1 (2020): 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/22011919-8142231.
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Abstract As concern about sea level rise grows and optimal solutions are sought to address its causes and effects, little attention has been given to past analogs. This article argues that valuable insights into contemporary discussions about future sea level rise can be gained from understanding those of the past, specifically the ways in which coastal peoples and societies reacted during the period of postglacial sea level rise. For much of the Holocene, most continental people eschewed coastal living in favor of inland areas. In many places large coastal settlements appeared only after the development of polities and associated crosswater networks. Postglacial sea level rise affected coastal living in ways about which we remain largely ignorant. Yet, millennia-old stories from Australia and northwest Europe show how people responded, from which we can plausibly infer their motivations. Stories from Australia say the people have succeeded in halting sea level rise, whereas those from northwest Europe indicate that people have failed, leading to the drowning of coastal cities such as Ys (Brittany) and Cantre’r Gwaelod (Wales). This distinction is explained by the contrasting duration of postglacial sea level rise in these regions; around Australia, sea level stopped rising 7,000 years ago, while along many coasts of northwest Europe it has risen unceasingly since the last ice age ended. The nature of past human and societal responses to postglacial sea level rise holds important insights for the future.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Extirpation"
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Hilland, Andrea. "Extinguishment by extirpation : the Nuxalk eulachon crisis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45004.
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De facto extinguishment of Aboriginal rights occurs when Aboriginal peoples are factually precluded from practicing their rights. While the Supreme Court of Canada has established that de facto extinguishment of constitutionally protected Aboriginal rights is an infringement of those rights, its acceptance of sweeping Canadian interests as valid objectives to justify the infringement of Aboriginal rights means the recognition of those rights provides limited protection.
This thesis analyzes the nature of Aboriginal rights in Canadian legal system through an examination of the extirpation of eulachon from Nuxalk territory. It describes Nuxalk legal order prior to European arrival in Nuxalk territory, and the imposition of colonial laws to the detriment of Nuxalk sovereignty, territory, and people. It investigates the management of fisheries under Canadian law to show the inefficiencies of the fragmented Canadian legal system. An analysis of Canadian jurisprudence demonstrates that section 35(1) Aboriginal rights have minimal protection under the Canadian legal regime. A consideration of Nuxalk concerns regarding the Species at Risk Act indicates that the consultation doctrine has hindered the protection of Aboriginal rights. A review of the honour of the Crown in relation to Aboriginal rights suggests that fiduciary duties are confined to exceptional circumstances, and effectiveness of lesser obligations remains uncertain. This thesis concludes that the current state of Canadian law leaves the Nuxalk people with little prospect for any meaningful resolution to the eulachon crisis under the Canadian legal system.
If Aboriginal rights are to have any substance under Canadian law, courts and governments must acknowledge the existence of these rights on a broader scale. Reconciliation requires the recognition and affirmation of Indigenous sovereignty by the Canadian legal system.
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Brown, Megan Elizabeth. "Geochemical and Taphonomic Signatures of Freshwater Mussel Shells as Evidence of Mercury-Related Extirpations in the North Fork Holston River, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33028.
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This study utilized freshwater mussel shells to assess the role of mercury contamination in the North Fork Holston River, an aquatic habitat affected by extensive extirpations of mussel populations starting in the early 1970â s. Mussel shells (n=366) collected from 5 sites, upstream and downstream of Saltville (where mercury was used from 1950-1972) were analyzed to test if: (1) geochemical signatures of shells record variation in mercury levels relative to the contamination source; and (2) shell taphonomy could be used to differentiated affected and unaffected sites.
Analysis of 40 shells for geochemical signatures using atomic absorption spectroscopy indicated a strong longitudinal pattern. Mercury content was as follows: upstream sites had low Hg concentrations (<5 to 31ppb), shells directly below Saltville had high concentrations (23-4,637ppb), shells 18km downstream of Saltville displayed intermediate values (7-115ppb), and those 38.4km downstream were comparable to upstream sites (<10ppb). Two pre-industrial shells collected from Saltville in 1917 also yielded Hg estimates (5-6ppb) comparable with upstream estimates. The Hg content was not correlated with shell length (r=-0.3; p=0.2) or degree of taphonomic alteration (r=0.18; p=0.28). Analysis of 366 shells for taphonomic signatures indicated that shells are most heavily altered and fragmented directly downstream of Saltville. In contrast, upstream sites, inhabited by reproducing mussel populations, contain many fresh-dead shells. Taphonomic signatures can thus be used to differentiate sites with different extirpation histories. Relic mussel shells can provide useful spatial and temporal data on Hg concentrations in polluted ecosystems and offer a tool for delineating areas with unknown extirpation histories.<br>Master of Science
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Haouchar, Dalal. "Using ancient DNA to investigate extinction, extirpation and past biodiversity of Australian macropods." Thesis, Haouchar, Dalal (2016) Using ancient DNA to investigate extinction, extirpation and past biodiversity of Australian macropods. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/32550/.
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The field of ancient DNA (aDNA) involves the isolation and retrieval of trace amounts of degraded DNA from a variety of substrates including fossils, sediments and historical material. The fragmentary nature of aDNA necessitates the use of methods with the ability to capture and amplify short segments of DNA. Collectively aDNA studies have made significant and unique contributions to a wide field of research including conservation, population genetics, taxonomy and phylogeny. The primary aim of this thesis research is to explore the utility of aDNA techniques to study extirpation, extinction and past biodiversity of Australian macropods. Using a combination of historical, Holocene and Pleistocene aged fossils, this research will attempt to investigate what ancient mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can add to our knowledge of Australia’s macropods.
Traditional aDNA techniques have largely been used to isolate mtDNA from single fossil samples - an example of this approach is shown in Chapter Two where a wellpreserved wallaby fossil bone from Depuch Island (Western Australia) was studied. The ancient mtDNA (cytochrome b and control region) data produced strong phylogenetic signal and shows that the Depuch Island rock-wallaby specimen is most similar to the mainland Petrogale lateralis lateralis. This finding has conservation implications for ongoing rehabilitation and translocation efforts in the Pilbara region.
Chapter Three of this thesis also uses mitochondrial aDNA techniques, to explore questions regarding interrelationships and former distribution of a macropod species complex; Bettongia spp. Cytochrome b and control region data retrieved from 88 historical samples, along with ~214 already sequenced samples, place the most recent common ancestor of the brush-tailed bettongs at c. 2.5 Myr. Ancient mtDNA is suggestive of connectivity between what are now highly fragmented populations, a result that has implications for how critically endangered brush-tailed bettongs should be managed.
Ancient DNA analyses and DNA sequencing technology have evolved over recent years and during the course of this study. Therefore in keeping up with the latest high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology, aDNA analyses in ~70 bones and 20 sediment samples excavated from a Late Pleistocene–Holocene cave deposit on Kangaroo Island, South Australia was undertaken. Samples were selected from 15 stratigraphic layers, ranging in age from >20 ka to ~6.8 ka. The successful retrieval of bona fide aDNA sequences, back to at least 20 ka, demonstrates excellent longterm DNA preservation at the site. All unidentified bones that were screened revealed a number of taxa from the assemblage including, Macropus, Onychogalea, Potorous, Bettongia, Dasyurus, Rattus and Notechis. The results from this study add significant value to the late Pleistocene-mid-Holocene paleontological record, detailing the past diversity of flora and fauna on Kangaroo Island.
Lastly, Chapter 5 introduces the latest molecular techniques in capturing and enriching highly fragmented aDNA bone from four sites across Australia. Ancient DNA extractions techniques, targeting ultra-short DNA fragments, were employed in an attempt to obtain Pleistocene-aged material. The warm conditions, a factor common in Australian caves, are not conductive to long-term DNA preservation at many sites. Shotgun sequencing was only successful on six bone samples (including one incisor) from a total of 25 samples that were screened. Three samples were successfully captured and enriched for endogenous DNA; one bettong sample generated 89.6% of a mtDNA genome with 5.4X coverage. Overall, the decay rate of DNA and preservation across all four sites was high, and extremely degraded, with an average fragment length between 47 bp and 57 bp. These data demonstrate that recovery of Pleistocene-aged aDNA from warm climate sites across Australia will remain a challenge and that better ways to screen and predict DNA survival are needed.
This thesis presents a combination of work from multiple sites across Australia using a range of aDNA techniques and sequencing technologies that have evolved over the tenure of this thesis. Collectively, this body of work has demonstrated the value of integrating aDNA data into modern-day conservation decision-making and has contributed to a wider understanding of Australian macropods both past and present.
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Huber, Katrin Birte Mareike. "Minimal invasive Mammainterventionen Extirpation benigner Mammaläsionen mit einem großlumigen Vakuumbiopsie-System unter Ultraschall-Sicht /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006.
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Hunte-Brown, Meshagae Endrene Kilham Susan Soltau. "The effects of extirpation of frogs on the trophic structure in tropical montane streams in Panama /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860%20/883.
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Dickson, Nancy J. "The natural history and possible extirpation of Blanchard's Cricket Frog, Acris crepitans. blanchardi, in West Virginia." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2002. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=95.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Marshall University, 2002.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 115 p. with maps and illustrations. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 34-40).
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Reider, Kelsey. "The Effects of Simulated Peccary Extirpation on Leaf Litter Dynamics, Reptiles, and Amphibians in a Neotropical Forest." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/483.
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Peccaries are known to play a significant role in shaping the diversity of habitats and structure of plants in rain forests. However, very little is known about their roles in regulating animal populations. I review the ways peccaries increase disturbance, create habitat diversity, provide resources, act as predators, and might otherwise directly and indirectly affect other animals. To determine effects of simulated peccary extirpation on the detrital food web, I examined the hypotheses that a reduction of peccary density on fenced exclusion plots would cause changes in the amount and quality of leaf litter as habitat for leaf litter reptiles and amphibians. I found that compared to open controls, exclusions had significantly deeper litter and more rapid cellulose decomposition. Exclusions were thus expected to provide more habitat and prey for litter amphibians and reptiles than control plots, but, paradoxically, encounters of reptiles and amphibians were greater on controls.
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Pendleton, Richard McCall. "Investigating Realistic Scenarios of Biodiversity Loss on Ecosystem Functioning: Extirpation of Rare Species and Food Web Collapse in Tropical Floodplain Lagoons." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc115137/.
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This thesis investigates the influence of nonrandom species loss on the structure and functioning of trophic floodplain lagoons. Two experiments were conducted based on different realistic scenarios of biodiversity loss using multitrophic fish assemblages derived from long-term survey data. Loss of fish diversity influenced overall ecosystem multifunctionality of these lagoons through complex multitrophic interactions throughout the aquatic food web. These results indicate that biodiversity loss from diverse multitrophic ecosystems can influence ecosystem structure and function and likely deviate from simplified food chain dynamics or patterns that emerged from single trophic level studies.
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Enríquez, Lenis Martha Lucía. "The invasion of the Argentine ant Linepithema humile in Mediterranean ecosystems: impacts and efficacy of winter aggregations extirpation as a control methods." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/101512.
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We studied the characteristics and effects of the Argentine ant invasion on the native ants and other arthropods. Moreover, we assessed the effects of L. humile winter nest aggregations extirpation on its population dynamics. We measured the spread of its invasion and evaluated its nest-site preferences. Artificial nests used as a control tool were also assessed. Results indicate that the invasion causes important changes in the native ant community structure. The invasion spread is influenced by air temperature, and habitat perturbations could be favouring a faster expansion. The extirpation diminished the abundance of this ant and disturbed its population dynamics. In order to make this method more efficient, extirpation should be made in the edge of the invasion, and should focus on nests under larger rocks where mature nests are more likely to be found. Finally, this method is proposed mainly for controlling its invasion in closed or isolated areas.<br>Es van comparar les característiques i els efectes de la invasió de la formiga argentina sobre la comunitat de formigues natives, i altres artròpodes. Es va avaluar l'efecte de l'extirpació d’agregacions de nius d’hivern, la selecció de llocs de nidificació i l'ús de nius artificials com a eina de control, i es va mesurar la seva taxa d'expansió. Es va trobar que la invasió provoca canvis importants en la comunitat de formigues natives. La temperatura ambiental influeix en l'expansió, i les pertorbacions de l'hàbitat podrien afavorir una propagació més ràpida. L'extirpació disminueix la seva abundància i pertorba la seva dinàmica poblacional. L'extirpació s'ha de fer al marge de la invasió, i s'ha de centrar en nius situats sota les pedres més grans que és on hi ha més probabilitat de trobar nius madurs. Finalment, aquest mètode es proposa principalment per al control de la invasió en àrees tancades o aïllades.
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Clements, Daniel. "Optimising the management of invasive aquatic plants targeted for extirpation from catchments and waterways : Utilising alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.) as a target species." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2017. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/157567.
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Aquatic plants are integral components of freshwater ecosystems and provide essential ecosystem services. However, when invasive species establish in new aquatic environments, there are few natural checks and balances to inhibit their growth and spread. Overabundant aquatic vegetation can harm aquatic systems if left unchecked and negatively impact on agricultural productivity, social amenity and biodiversity values. Prevention and early intervention are recognised as the most cost effective means to manage invasive species that pose a biosecurity risk. This thesis contributes to the development of effective management strategies for one of the world’s most invasive aquatic plant species, known as alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.). It focusses on developing management strategies in an early stage of invasion, in order to achieve extirpation of this species from catchments and waterways. Developing effective detection and surveillance strategies are required for invasive aquatic plants, as a key impediment to achieving extirpation is the ability to detect infestations, so that control strategies can be enacted. This thesis investigates the effectiveness of aerial surveillance for detection of alligator weed at different spatial scales, using high altitude aerial imagery (orthophotos) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology. An examination of the growth rate of alligator weed in Victoria, Australia, over a five year period, demonstrates the effective use of orthophotos to detect and monitor large infestations of aquatic alligator weed. The efficacy of unmanned aerial vehicle technology, including the use of automated algorithms, to detect patches of alligator weed growing in waterways is evaluated against current detection techniques. Effective management of invasive aquatic plants targeted for extirpation requires the coupling of effective detection and control efforts to prevent reproduction. To date, development of control strategies for aquatic alligator weed has been limited to evaluating the efficacy of short-term control at a local scale without regard to the effects of management strategies on dispersal of propagules throughout catchments. This thesis determines that viable alligator weed stem fragments are produced following herbicide application, which comprises extirpation efforts. This thesis has gone further than current practice in that it has evaluated the efficacy of current and novel control techniques, in both laboratory and field trials and has developed methods to manage viable fragment production post-herbicide application, to limit dispersal throughout catchments. In this respect, the application of the herbicides glyphosate, metsulfuron-methyl and imazapyr, and their effectiveness when incorporating surfactant systems and plant growth regulators, have been evaluated in field and laboratory studies to optimise control techniques for aquatic alligator weed. Results have shown that our approaches, when used in an early stage of invasion, are capable of eliminating patches of alligator weed in two to three years. Integral to the research is an experiment to determine the effect of herbicide treatments on the production of alligator weed stem fragments and their subsequent viability. Further investigation to determine the usefulness of commercially available plant growth regulators (PGRs) to reduce the number of viable propagules produced by alligator weed post-herbicide application was found to be ineffective. This thesis also evaluates the impact of herbicides and surfactant systems, on all key alligator weed response metrics in aquatic environments including; above ground biomass, below ground biomass and viable stem fragmentation. No previous studies have looked simultaneously at these three important measures for determining the efficacy of a particular control regime, and we have determined that this is essential for effective management of aquatic alligator weed in an early stage of invasion. The thesis has underscored the notion that development of more effective management strategies, based upon experimental trials, will result in an increased likelihood of eradicating invasive aquatic plants that pose a biosecurity risk, and thus move toward the mitigation of the threat that high-risk species pose to aquatic ecosystems. PLEASE NOTE: Portions of the full text have been removed due to copyright restrictions.<br>Doctor of Philosophy
Books on the topic "Extirpation"
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Arriaga, Pablo José de. The extirpation of idolatry in Peru. UMI Books on Demand, 2003.
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Adami, J. George. On the disturbances of the body temperature of the fowl which follow total extirpation of the fore-brain. s.n., 1985.
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Murat, John. The great extirpation of Hellenism and Christianity in Asia Minor: The historic and systematic deception of world opinion concerning the hideous Christianity's uprooting of 1922. [s.n.], 1999.
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MacLeod, Donald. Donald M'Leod's Gloomy memories in the Highlands of Scotland: Versus Mrs.Harriet Beecher Stowe's Sunny memories in (England) a foreign land : or a faithful picture of the extirpation of the Celtic race from the Highlands of Scotland. B. Jain, 1994.
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Keating, L. Clark, and Pablo Joseph de Arriaga. Extirpation of Idolatry in Peru. University Press of Kentucky, 2014.
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Keating, L. Clark, and Pablo Joseph de Arriaga. Extirpation of Idolatry in Peru. University Press of Kentucky, 2021.
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Arriaga, Pablo Joseph de. The Extirpation of Idolatry in Peru. University Press of Kentucky, 2014.
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White, P. J. Yellowstone Pronghorn: Recovering from the Brink of Extirpation. Primedia eLaunch LLC, 2020.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Extirpation"
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Anderson, David E. "Ocular Extirpation." In Veterinary Techniques for Llamas and Alpacas. Wiley-Blackwell, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118695111.ch70.
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Oppelt, Peter. "Cervical Stump Extirpation." In Hysterectomy. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22497-8_34.
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Roenneburg, Marcella L. "Cervical Stump Extirpation." In Hysterectomy. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22497-8_88.
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Köckerling, F., T. Reck, and I. Gastinger. "Laparoscopic Abdominoperineal Rectum Extirpation." In Operative Strategies in Laparoscopic Surgery. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57797-0_44.
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Konofaos, Petros, Charles A. Pierce, Xi Lin Jing, and Robert D. Wallace. "Nose and Ear Reconstruction Following Tumor Extirpation." In Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer and Cutaneous Melanoma. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18797-2_9.
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Lai, Hung-Cheng, and Yu-Chi Wang. "Cervical Stump Extirpation with Regard to Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Hysterectomy." In Hysterectomy. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22497-8_63.
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von Wild, K., and N. Eskinja. "Meningioma and Parasellar Pituitary Adenoma Affecting the Cavernous Sinus: Radical Tumor Extirpation?" In Surgery of the Sellar Region and Paranasal Sinuses. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76450-9_75.
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Nakamura, N., H. Sekino, Y. Taguchi, and T. Fuse. "Some Considerations on the Successful Total Extirpation of Hemangioblastoma Originating in the Medulla Oblongata — A Report of Two Cases." In Surgery in and around the Brain Stem and the Third Ventricle. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71240-1_63.
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Sharpe, James. "Whit the Chrstian Iudges and Mag strates hane done, andmay doe far the discover e and extirpation f Witchcraft." In English Witchcraft, 1560-1736, vol 1. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003551843-9.
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Bärlehner, E., St Anders, and B. Heukrodt. "Technik der Rektumresektion und der Exstirpation unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der TME / Technique of Rectal Resection and Extirpation under Special Regard of TME." In Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56458-1_28.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Extirpation"
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Dewi, Veni Rosita, and Denny Satria Utama. "Sinonasal Carcinoma Extirpation with Midfacial Degloving Approach." In 2nd Global Health and Innovation in conjunction with 6th ORL Head and Neck Oncology Conference (ORLHN 2021). Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.220206.017.
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Thillaiarasu, N., M. Susmitha, D. Devadharshini, and T. Anantharaj. "Solar Powered Fire Extirpation Robot with Night Vision Camera." In 2019 5th International Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication Systems (ICACCS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaccs.2019.8728438.
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Iacoponi, S., S. Fuertes, and R. Sainz de la Cuesta. "EP715 Identification and extirpation of local recurrences of gynecological cancer using ROLL technique." In ESGO Annual Meeting Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2019-esgo.769.
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Wirth, M., A. Pickhard, and M. Wirth. "Diagnostic lymph node extirpation in head and neck CUP syndrome – useful or harmful?" In Abstract- und Posterband – 89. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e.V., Bonn – Forschung heute – Zukunft morgen. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1640209.
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Shell, Ryan, Nicholas Gardner, David Peterman, Charles N. Ciampaglio, Stephen Jacquemin, and Lauren J. Fuelling. "BOBCAT SUBFOSSILS AND HISTORICAL RECORDS IN OHIO MAY SUGGEST DECLINE BUT NO EXTIRPATION." In Joint 56th Annual North-Central/ 71st Annual Southeastern Section Meeting - 2022. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022nc-373450.
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Majdani, O., and A. Rieger. "Presigmoidal infra- and retrolabyrinthine access to the internal auditory canal for extirpation of vestibular schwannomas." In Abstract- und Posterband – 91. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e.V., Bonn – Welche Qualität macht den Unterschied. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1711309.
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Patanavijit, Vorapoj, Kornkamol Thakulsukanant, Kitipoth Wasayangkool, and Wilaiporn Lee. "The MDBUTMF Aberration Exposure Routine for Aberration Extirpating on Constant Sizableness Impulsive Noise (CSIN)." In 2022 6th International Conference on Information Technology (InCIT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/incit56086.2022.10067778.
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Inting, K. A. E., and A. L. Rafanan. "Successful Treatment of a Patient with Pure-Red Cell Aplasia Associated with Thymoma After Extirpative Surgery: A Case Report." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a4911.
Full textReports on the topic "Extirpation"
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Chhor, Auston, Nathan Lustig, Meghan Allan, Crystal Swayze, and Jess Sheena. Environmental flow needs assessment for salmonids in the Coldwater River. Raincoast, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70766/483.814.
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Climate change is driving drought impacts on salmon in the Coldwater River, a major tributary of the Nicola River. Determining specific flow optima for salmon is therefore important for water managers seeking to balance anthropogenic and ecosystem water needs. We conducted a habitat suitability-based environmental flow needs (EFN) assessment in the Coldwater River between July and September, 2024. We also analyzed over 50 years of streamflow data to frame environmental flows in the context of accelerating climate change. Our study produced curves that modelled the relationship between flows and Weighted Useable Width (WUW)–a weighted metric for fish habitat–for spawning Chinook and coho salmon, spawning steelhead, and aquatic macroinvertebrate production. WUW for spawning coho was maximized at a discharge of 4.88 m3/s, 5.49 m3/s for spawning Chinook, and 6.58 m3/s for spawning steelhead. WUW for aquatic macroinvertebrate production was maximized at 5.61 m3/s. These flow values have not been attained in the Coldwater River in the summer for some time and are unlikely to be reached without a comprehensive overhaul of water management and land use practices in the basin. Our analysis of historical streamflow revealed clear hydrological shifts in the watershed indicative of climate change. Median monthly streamflow during the summer (July-September), and median freshet flows (May-June) have declined dramatically since 1960. In this new era of water scarcity, decision-makers must adapt with proactive, watershed-scale policies to protect streamflows during the summer, or risk facilitating the extirpation of irreplaceable wild salmon populations.
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Judge, Seth, Seth Judge, Lauren Smith, and Richard Camp. Pacific Island landbird monitoring report, Kalaupapa National Historical Park, 2021. National Park Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36967/2313509.
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In 2021, landbird surveys were conducted at Kalaupapa National Historical Park on the island of Molokaʻi to assess changes in species composition, distribution, and population densities since 2005. Point-transect distance sampling surveys were conducted on six transects at 50 landbird monitoring stations within an 1,834-hectare area. A total of nine landbird species were detected, with the ʻApapane (Himatione sanguinea) the only endemic Hawaiian species detected. Sufficient detections of six species allowed for population density and abundance estimates, which were compared to 2005 estimates using a two-sample z-test. The abundance of ʻApapane declined by 57% to 2,476 ± 729 (SE) birds in 2021 compared to 2005. Population densities of the House Finch (Haemorhous mexicanus), Japanese Bush Warbler (Horornis diphone), Warbling White-eye (Zosterops japonicus), and White-rumped Shama (Copsychus malabaricus) were also lower in 2021 than in 2005, but comparisons were inconclusive. Since 2005, the Red-billed Leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea) irrupted within the survey area to an estimated abundance of 11,088 ± 1,208 birds. The Warbling White-eye was the most abundant species, with an estimated 101,724 ± 11,692 birds. Surveyors failed to detect the Hawaiʻi ʻAmakihi (Chlorodrepanis virens), which has become increasingly rare on Molokaʻi. The federally threatened ʻIʻiwi (Drepanis coccinea) was last seen on Molokaʻi in 2010, further raising concerns about its potential extirpation. The Olomaʻo (Myadestes lanaiensis), an endemic thrush, has not been detected since 1980 and is likely extinct. These findings show the ongoing shift toward non-native bird communities and highlight the challenges of conserving native forest birds amidst widespread avian malaria transmission, introduced predators, and extensive habitat degradation.
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Kalen, Nicholas. Remediated for accessibility per Section 508. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2298454.
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I conducted bat surveys at Richmond National Battlefield Park to assess the status of bat communities following potential impacts of the disease white-nose syndrome. This disease, caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, has severely reduced populations of several bat species in the eastern United States, threatening some with regional extirpation. Most affected species include the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis), Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis), and tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus). During the summers of 2016-2020, I sampled sites with acoustic bat detectors and conducted capture surveys using mist nets to characterize bat communities with a focus on documenting WNS-imperiled species. I also conducted non-reproductive, or dormant, season acoustic and capture surveys from 2017-2021, to investigate potential local wintering by bats, especially northern long-eared bats, which have recently been discovered wintering in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. Acoustic results identified the presence of ten bat species by echolocation calls: big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis), hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus), silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), little brown bat, northern long-eared bat, Indiana bat, evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis), tricolored bat, and Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis). Capture surveys documented big brown bats, eastern red bats, silver-haired bats, and evening bats. To examine habitat associations of bat species, I used generalized linear mixed models of a selection of variable candidates: habitat type, distance to water, minimum nightly temperature, and nightly precipitation to predict summer activity. Activity of big brown, eastern red, hoary, and Mexican free-tailed bats was highest in open habitats. Myotis spp. were most associated with mixed forest habitats. Tricolored bat activity was highest and evening bat activity was lowest in riparian and wetland habitats. To examine seasonality in bat species occurrence, I modeled acoustic activity in passes/night by Julian date using generalized additive models. Activity of big brown, eastern red, little brown, and tricolored bats was highest during summer. Activity of northern long-eared and Indiana bats was very low overall but was also highest in the summer. Tree bat species hoary, silver-haired, and Mexican free-tailed bat activity was highest in the spring and fall. Dormant season results suggest some winter occurrences for most bat species. Visual validation of echolocation calls revealed misidentifications were problematic for Myotis spp. little brown bat, northern long-eared bat, and Indiana bat, but diagnostic calls of all three species were recorded. Acoustic passes identified as northern long-eared bats suggest some individuals may be wintering nearby, but winter activity was very low and not indicative of large overwintering populations.
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Maki, Ryan, Kristen Patterson, Joseph Amundson, et al. Little Shoepack Lake muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) population estimate and genetic evaluation of muskellunge from Shoepack and Little Shoepack lakes. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2305092.
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Little Shoepack and Shoepack lakes in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, are home to native populations of Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy). Due to the small size of these lakes, 20.8 ha and 123 ha, respectively, and the associated, predicted small size of these Muskellunge populations, resource managers are concerned about their persistence. A recent population assessment completed for Shoepack Lake Muskellunge indicated that the population may be below a threshold at which a genetic bottleneck could threaten its persistence. Since Little Shoepack Lake is approximately 20% of the size of Shoepack Lake, resource managers were concerned that its Muskellunge population is likely smaller and at even greater risk of extirpation due to lack of genetic variability. To assess whether additional protections were warranted and whether increasing genetic diversity through stocking might allow for genetic rescue, a population estimate was completed for the Muskellunge in Little Shoepack Lake, and a genetic assessment of Muskellunge from Little Shoepack and Shoepack lakes was completed. The estimated abundance of Muskellunge ? 420 mm in Little Shoepack Lake in 2021 was 137 with a 95% confidence interval of 87 to 277. The density of this population, 6.6 per ha, is the highest of any Muskellunge population assessed in Minnesota. The Muskellunge from Little Shoepack and Shoepack lakes had substantially lower genetic diversity than other regional populations. The two populations were genetically similar, yet distinct, from one another and were far more distinct from other Muskellunge populations in the region. As anticipated, the population estimate for Muskellunge in Little Shoepack Lake indicates that the population is near or below a threshold at which the risk of low genetic diversity may impact population persistence. The genetic analysis showed that cross stocking native Muskellunge between Shoepack and Little Shoepack lakes would not likely provide enough genetic diversity to greatly increase the chances of the two populations persisting. Considering the long duration that this population has persisted (up to 8,900 years in Little Shoepack Lake) and the importance of maintaining these unique strains of Muskellunge to protect regional biodiversity, cross stocking of Muskellunge between Little Shoepack and Shoepack lakes or stocking Muskellunge from other lakes is not recommended at this time. We recommend that resource managers continue to use fishing regulations, controls on angling pressure, and prevention of introductions of both fish species and aquatic invasive species as tools to help sustain these populations. Considering the fishery is effectively catch-and-release due to minimum length harvest regulations in Minnesota and that difficulty of access limits fishing pressure and catch-and-release mortality, we recommend that Little Shoepack Lake remains open for a Muskellunge angling opportunity.
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Kalen, Nicholas. Bats of Richmond National Battlefield Park following white-nose syndrome: Public version. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299295.
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I conducted bat surveys at Richmond National Battlefield Park to assess the status of bat communities following potential impacts of the disease white-nose syndrome. This disease, caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, has severely reduced populations of several bat species in the eastern United States, threatening some with regional extirpation. Most affected species include the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis), Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis), and tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus). During the summers of 2016–2020, I sampled sites with acoustic bat detectors and conducted capture surveys using mist nets to characterize bat communities with a focus on documenting WNS-imperiled species. I also conducted non-reproductive, or dormant, season acoustic and capture surveys from 2017–2021, to investigate potential local wintering by bats, especially northern long-eared bats, which have recently been discovered wintering in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. Acoustic results identified the presence of ten bat species by echolocation calls: big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis), hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus), silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), little brown bat, northern long-eared bat, Indiana bat, evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis), tricolored bat, and Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis). Capture surveys documented big brown bats, eastern red bats, silver-haired bats, and evening bats. To examine habitat associations of bat species, I used generalized linear mixed models of a selection of variable candidates: habitat type, distance to water, minimum nightly temperature, and nightly precipitation to predict summer activity. Activity of big brown, eastern red, hoary, and Mexican free-tailed bats was highest in open habitats. Myotis spp. were most associated with mixed forest habitats. Tricolored bat activity was highest and evening bat activity was lowest in riparian and wetland habitats. To examine seasonality in bat species occurrence, I modeled acoustic activity in passes/night by Julian date using generalized additive models. Activity of big brown, eastern red, little brown, and tricolored bats was highest during summer. Activity of northern long-eared and Indiana bats was very low overall but was also highest in the summer. Tree bat species hoary, silver-haired, and Mexican free-tailed bat activity was highest in the spring and fall. Dormant season results suggest some winter occurrences for most bat species. Visual validation of echolocation calls revealed misidentifications were problematic for Myotis spp. little brown bat, northern long-eared bat, and Indiana bat, but diagnostic calls of all three species were recorded. Acoustic passes identified as northern long-eared bats suggest some individuals may be wintering nearby, but winter activity was very low and not indicative of large overwintering populations. An internal NPS version of this document that includes an appendix with capture survey site coordinates is available and may be requested as needed.
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Kalen, Nicholas. Bats of Petersburg National Battlefield following white-nose syndrome. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299217.
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I conducted bat surveys at Petersburg National Battlefield Park (PETE) to assess the status of bat communities following potential impacts of the disease white-nose syndrome. This disease, caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, has severely reduced populations of several bat species in the eastern United States, threatening some with regional extirpation. Most affected species include the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), the federally-endangered northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) and Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) (USFWS 2007, USFWS 2022a), as well as the tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus), which has been proposed for endangered status (USFWS 2022b). I sampled sites with acoustic bat detectors from the summer of 2016 through fall 2021 and conducted capture surveys using mist nets from 2016-2019 to characterize seasonal occurrence of bat species with a focus on documenting WNS-imperiled species. Surveys also sought to document potential over-wintering of bats at PETE, especially northern long-eared bats, which have recently been discovered wintering in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. Acoustic results identified the presence of nine bat species by echolocation calls: big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis), hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus), silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), little brown bat, Indiana bat, evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis), tricolored bat, and Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis). Northern long-eared bats were identified acoustically by software, but identifications were invalidated by visual review. Acoustic misidentifications also occurred for little brown and Indiana bats, but diagnostic calls were confirmed. Capture surveys documented big brown bats, eastern red bats, evening bats, and a single little brown bat. To examine habitat associations of bat species, I used generalized linear mixed models of a selection of variable candidates: habitat type, distance to water, minimum nightly temperature, and nightly precipitation to predict summer activity. Activity of big brown, hoary, silver-haired, and Mexican free-tailed bats was highest in open habitats. Little brown and eastern red bats were most associated with mixed forest habitats. Evening bat activity was highest in deciduous forests. Habitat type was not a significant predictor of activity for Indiana and tricolored bat activity. To examine seasonality in bat species occurrence, I modeled acoustic activity in passes/night by Julian date using generalized additive models. Activity of big brown, eastern red, little brown, tricolored, and evening bats was highest during summer. Activity identified as Indiana bats was very low overall but was also highest in the summer. Activity of tree bat species hoary, silver-haired, and Mexican free-tailed bat was highest during the dormant season and peak activity appeared associated with migration. Dormant season results suggest some winter activity for most bat species identified as present in the park.
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Kalen, Nicholas. Bats of Colonial National Historical Park following white-nose syndrome. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299226.
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I conducted bat surveys at Colonial National Historical Park to assess the status of bat communities following potential impacts of white-nose syndrome (WNS) since its arrival in Virginia in 2009. This disease, caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, has severely reduced populations of several bat species in the eastern United States, threatening some with regional extirpation. In the East, most-affected species include the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), the federally-endangered northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) and Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) (USFWS 2007, USFWS 2022a), as well as the tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus), which has been proposed for endangered status (USFWS 2022b). I sampled sites in Yorktown and Jamestown Island with acoustic bat detectors from the spring of 2019 through the spring of 2021 and conducted capture surveys using mist nets in 2019 and 2021 to characterize seasonal occurrence of bat species with a focus on documenting WNS-imperiled species. Surveys also sought to document potential over-wintering of bats at COLO, especially northern long-eared bats, which occur year-round in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. Acoustic results identified the presence of eleven bat species by echolocation calls: big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis), hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus), silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), southeastern bat (Myotis austroriparius), little brown bat, northern long-eared bat, Indiana bat, evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis), tricolored bat, and Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis). Acoustic results included diagnostic echolocation calls of little brown, northern long-eared, and Indiana bats, however, presence should be interpreted with caution due to similarities of call structures among Myotis spp. bats. Capture surveys documented seven species: big brown, eastern red, hoary, silver-haired, southeastern, evening, and tricolored bats. To examine habitat associations of bat species, I used generalized linear mixed models of a selection of variable candidates: habitat type, distance to water, minimum nightly temperature, and nightly precipitation to predict summer activity by significant predictors. Activity of hoary, silver-haired, little brown, evening, tricolored, and Mexican free-tailed bats was highest in open habitats. Big brown bat and Indiana bat identifications were most associated with forest habitats. Eastern red bat activity was high in both forest and open sites. Southeastern bat activity was highest in wetland sites and was largely confined to these habitats. Northern long-eared bat activity was not significantly different among habitat types. To examine seasonality in bat species occurrence, I modeled acoustic activity in passes/night by Julian date using generalized additive models. Activity of big brown, eastern red, hoary, little brown, northern long-eared, tricolored, evening, and Mexican free-tailed bats was highest during summer. Silver-haired bat activity was highest in March indicative of seasonal migration. Hoary and Mexican free-tailed bat also exhibited high activity on several nights in the spring suggestive of migratory movement. Dormant season results suggest some winter occurrence for all identified bat species except Indiana bats. Very few characteristic calls of northern long-eared bats were observed from December through February, suggesting they winter locally in far lower abundances than in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina to the south.
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Weissinger, Rebecca. Evaluation of hanging-garden endemic-plant monitoring at Southeast Utah Group national parks, 2013–2020. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294868.
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Hanging gardens are the most common type of spring at Arches National Park (NP) and Natural Bridges National Monument (NM). They are also present at Canyonlands National Park, but hanging gardens are rare off the Colorado Plateau. Their cliffside setting provides stable access to water without flood disturbance. This combination provides unique habitat that is rich in endemic plant species. The diffuse, seeping emergence of water makes measuring springflow impossible at most sites. Park managers have an interest in monitoring hanging gardens—especially as the climate warms and aridity and water demand both increase. The Northern Colorado Plateau Net-work (NCPN) proposed methods for monitoring seven perennial endemic-plant species at hanging gardens as indicators of spring health and proxies for water availability. Because hanging gardens occur on bedrock outcrops, systematic or random sampling was not possible due to safety concerns and potential resource damage on steep, wet slopes. Examining eight years (2013–2020) of data, this report evaluates the suitability of endemic-plant count data at hanging gardens as a monitoring indicator. It also provides our first evaluation of status and trends at NCPN hanging gardens. The seven species included in monitoring were Rydberg’s thistle (Cirsium rydbergii), Kachina daisy (Erigeron kachinensis), alcove death camas (Zigadenus vaginatus), alcove bog orchid (Habenaria zothecina), cave primrose (Primula specuicola), alcove columbine (Aquilegia micrantha), and Eastwood’s monkeyflower (Mimulus eastwoodiae). Six of the seven species were found at each park. Up to 500 individuals of each species were counted at 42 hanging gardens in Arches NP, 14 hanging gardens in Natural Bridges NM, and 3 hanging gardens in Canyonlands NP. Larger populations were divided into count classes of 501–1,000, 1,001–10,000, and more than 10,000 individuals. Counts from two independent observers and from back-to-back years of sampling were compared for repeatability. Repeatability in count classes was less than 50% for Kachina daisy and Eastwood’s monkeyflower, which both propagate vegetatively via ramets and/or stolons. Repeatability was greater than 90% for only one species, Rydberg’s thistle. The remaining species were categorized in different classes between 15–40% of the time. Independent-observer comparisons were only available for 6.6% of the dataset, but these observations suggested that (1) observer bias was present and (2) the observer with more experience working in hanging gardens generally had higher counts than the observer with less experience in this system. Although repeatability was variable, it was within the range reported by other studies for most species. The NCPN, in discussion with park staff, has elected to make some modifications to the protocol but will continue using endemic plant counts as an indicator of hanging-garden health to maintain a biological variable as a complement to our physical-response data. This is due to their high value to park biodiversity and the difficulty of developing a more robust approach to monitoring in these sites. Endemic-plant monitoring will continue for the five species with the highest repeatability during pilot monitoring and will focus on detecting changes in smaller populations. Most hanging gardens have more than one endemic species present, so several populations can be tracked at each site. Our period of record is relatively brief, and the distribution of endemic-plant populations in different count classes at these sites has not yet shown any statistical trends over time. Be-cause of the large count classes, our methods are more sensitive to showing change in smaller populations (fewer than 500 individuals). Small populations are also of greatest concern to park managers because of their vulnerability to declines or extirpation due to drought. Over-all, more sites had endemic-plant populations of fewer than 100 individuals at the end...
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Lawrence, David, Mike Tercek, Amber Runyon, and Jeneva Wright. Historical and projected climate change for Grand Canyon National Park and surrounding areas. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301726.
Full textAbstract:
Globally, anthropogenic climate change is one of the greatest threats to resources in protected areas. This report examines historical and projected climate change across the Greater Grand Canyon Landscape (GGCL), including Grand Canyon National Park. Grand Canyon National Park warmed significantly from 1895-2020 (annual mean increase of 1.89? F/century), with temperatures increasing at a faster rate from 1970-2020 (6.31? F/century). Warming occurred at all elevations and seasons across the GGCL, but rates differed spatially. Average annual total precipitation within Grand Canyon National Park did not change significantly over either period examined (1895-2020; 1970-2020). A variety of changes in the region of Grand Canyon National Park have been detected and attributed, at least in part, to anthropogenic climate change, including reduced soil moisture (and associated drought), reduced Colorado River flow, doubling of the area burned by wildfire across the western United States, reduced regeneration of low-elevation ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir as well as pinyon pine and juniper populations, northward shifts in many bird species distributions and declines of bird species occupancy in the Mojave Desert, and reduced bumble bee species richness and abundance (key pollinators). To help managers understand and plan around a range of plausible future climates, we present two plausible but contrasting climate futures for the Greater Grand Canyon Landscape, characterized at mid-century (2040-2069) and late-century (2070-2099). Examining multiple plausible futures avoids over-optimizing management strategies for a single projected future that may not occur. Overarching patterns that emerged from both climate futures include additional warming (average, as well as extreme temperatures), seasonal increases in extreme precipitation events, fewer freezing days and days with snow, and higher moisture deficit (a correlate with landscape dryness, conditions conducive to fire, and vegetation stress). The selected climate futures differed in terms of 1) the degree of warming, 2) whether winter precipitation increases or decreases, 3) whether annual precipitation increases or stays similar, 4) whether drought conditions increase or decrease, and 5) whether runoff increases or decreases. Runoff is projected to occur earlier under both climate futures and is projected to exhibit a more episodic pattern. Based on a literature review, projected changes to the physical, ecological, and cultural resource domains of the region resulting from anthropogenic climate change include: ? Increasing drought risk and aridification ? Reduced Colorado River flow ? Reduced groundwater infiltration ? Decreasing runoff (from snow or rain) in the spring, summer, and fall, and increasing runoff in the winter ? Increasing occurrence of large fires ? Increasing invasive grasses in the Mojave Desert ecosystems west of the park, providing more fuel for wildfire ? Exacerbated post-fire erosion and sediment in Grand Canyon watersheds ? Increased episodes of drought-induced tree mortality ? Upslope shifts of the elevational zones of pinyon-juniper woodland, ponderosa pine forest, and spruce-fir forest, as well as increases in non-forest areas and aboveground biomass declines ? Reduced abundance of riparian vegetation that tolerates water inundation ? Increasing invasive plant distribution and abundance, favoring their establishment and productivity ? Colonization of the GGCL by some bird species and extirpation of others ? Increasing non-native fish populations relative to native fishes ? Declining butterfly populations ? Increasing temperatures will increase visitation, especially during winter and shoulder seasons ? Exacerbation of existing threats to archeological resources, cultural landscapes, and historic structures, as well as emergent vulnerabilities related to climate change One goal of this work is to support the Resource Stewardship Strategy (RSS) process that Grand Canyon National Park plans to undertake. We anticipate that connecting the climate changes described here to the climate sensitivities of resources within the park will play a critical role in setting goals and strategies during development of the RSS, as well as proactively adapting to anticipated changes.