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Academic literature on the topic 'Facade Extraction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Facade Extraction"

Schack, L., U. Soergel, and C. Heipke. "PERSISTENT SCATTERER AIDED FACADE LATTICE EXTRACTION IN SINGLE AIRBORNE OPTICAL OBLIQUE IMAGES." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-3/W4 (March 11, 2015): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-3-w4-197-2015.

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We present a new method to extract patterns of regular facade structures from single optical oblique images. To overcome the missing three-dimensional information we incorporate structural information derived from Persistent Scatter (PS) point cloud data into our method. Single oblique images and PS point clouds have never been combined before and offer promising insights into the compatibility of remotely sensed data of different kinds. Even though the appearance of facades is significantly different, many characteristics of the prominent patterns can be seen in both types of data and can be transferred across the sensor domains. To justify the extraction based on regular facade patterns we show that regular facades appear rather often in typical airborne oblique imagery of urban scenes. The extraction of regular patterns is based on well established tools like cross correlation and is extended by incorporating a module for estimating a window lattice model using a genetic algorithm. Among others the results of our approach can be used to derive a deeper understanding of the emergence of Persistent Scatterers and their fusion with optical imagery. To demonstrate the applicability of the approach we present a concept for data fusion aiming at facade lattices extraction in PS and optical data.

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Hoegner, L., and U. Stilla. "BUILDING FACADE OBJECT DETECTION FROM TERRESTRIAL THERMAL INFRARED IMAGE SEQUENCES COMBINING DIFFERENT VIEWS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-3/W4 (March 11, 2015): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-3-w4-55-2015.

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This paper discusses the automatic texturing of building facades from thermal infrared image sequences. A fully automatic method is presented to refine GPS based positions estimating relative orientations of the image sequences including a given building model in a bundle adjustment process. The resulting refined orientation parameters are used to extract partial facade textures from all images and all sequences. The resulting partial textures of every sequence are combined to get complete facade textures in the thermal infrared domain. Textures from different image sequences are combined for object detection and extraction. These sequences are acquired either at different times for different radiometric thermal behavior of facade objects or with different viewing directions for objects located before or behind the facade plane.

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SÜMER, EMRE, and MUSTAFA TURKER. "AUTOMATED EXTRACTION OF PHOTOREALISTIC FACADE TEXTURES FROM SINGLE GROUND-LEVEL BUILDING IMAGES." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 28, no. 04 (2014): 1455007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001414550076.

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An integrated approach is presented for the automatic extraction of photorealistic facade textures from single street-level building images. The initial facade texture is extracted using Watershed segmentation. The seed pixels (markers) to trigger the segmentation are located automatically both for the foreground (facade) and the background regions, and the segmentation is carried out repetitively until the facade texture is extracted. The extracted facade image is geometrically rectified using a developed automatic technique based on Hough transformation and interest point detection. The occluded areas on facade textures are restored by employing an image matching-based procedure. The approach was tested on two different datasets captured from the residential areas of Ankara, the capital of Turkey. The datasets contain a total of 40 building facade images that were taken from the street-level. The results indicate that the facade textures are extracted adequately. For facade image extraction, an average quantitative accuracy of 83% was achieved. For rectification, 24 out of 40 buildings provided the positional error under 10 pixels at 95% confidence level. The subjective assessment of facade restoration yielded the mean rating value of 2.46 for the datasets used, in which the rating values are ranked between 1 for "Excellent" and 6 for "Unusable".

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Zhang, J., H. Yao, W. Jiang, and X. Shen. "HIERARCHICAL REPETITION EXTRACTION FOR BUILDING FAÇADE RECONSTRUCTION FROM OBLIQUE AERIAL IMAGES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-4/W5 (May 11, 2015): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-4-w5-183-2015.

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In this paper we introduce an approach for automatic recognition and reconstruction of building facade structure from oblique aerial images. Contrast to street-view image oblique aerial image has larger field of view but lower resolution, weaker texture and more noise. To overcome these shortcomings, our approach firstly analyses the horizontal distribution density to extract individual facade area from image. Then a hierarchical repetition detection method is employed to partition the facade and recognize structural elements. Finally, the geometry structure of each facade element is reconstructed jointly by all repetitive image tiles. Results show the potentials of the proposed approach.

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Bisheng Yang, Zheng Wei, Qingquan Li, and J. Li. "Semiautomated Building Facade Footprint Extraction From Mobile LiDAR Point Clouds." IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 10, no. 4 (2013): 766–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2012.2222342.

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Rutzinger, Martin, Bernhard Höfle, Sander Oude Elberink, and George Vosselman. "Feasibility of Facade Footprint Extraction from Mobile Laser Scanning Data." Photogrammetrie - Fernerkundung - Geoinformation 2011, no. 3 (2011): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1432-8364/2011/0075.

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Guo Wang, 王果, 刘绍堂 Shaotang Liu, 陈超 Chao Chen, and 张迪 Di Zhang. "Boundary Extraction of Building Facade Based on Laser Point Clouds." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 56, no. 18 (2019): 181002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop56.181002.

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Lee, Seung-min, and Kee-chun Bang. "A Study on the Extraction of Emotional Words for Media Facade." Journal of Digital Contents Society 16, no. 5 (2015): 741–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9728/dcs.2015.16.5.741.

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Karagianni, A. "TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING AND SATELLITE DATA IN CULTURAL HERITAGE BUILDING DOCUMENTATION." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-M-1-2021 (August 28, 2021): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-m-1-2021-361-2021.

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Abstract. Technological advances in the field of information acquisition have led to the development of various techniques regarding building documentation. Among the proposed methods, acquisition of data without being in direct physical contact with the features under investigation could provide valuable information especially in the case of buildings or areas presenting a high cultural value. Satellite or ground-based remote sensing techniques could contribute to the protection, conservation and restoration of cultural heritage buildings, as well as in the interpretation and monitoring of their surrounding area. The increasing interest in the generation of 3D facade models for documentation of the built environment has made laser scanning a valuable tool for 3D data collection. Through the generation of dense 3D point clouds, digitization of building facades could be achieved, offering data that could be used for further processing. Satellite imagery could also contribute to this direction, extending the monitoring possibilities of the buildings’ surrounding area or even providing information regarding change detection in large-scale cultural landscapes. This paper presents the study of a mansion house built in the middle of the 18th century in northwestern Greece, using terrestrial laser scanning techniques for facade documentation, as well as satellite imagery for monitoring and interpretation purposes. The scanning process included multiple external scans of the main facade of the building which were registered using artificial targets in order to form a single colored 3D model. Further process resulted in a model that offers measurement possibilities valuable to future plans and designs for preservation and restoration. Digital processing of satellite imagery provided the extraction of additional enhanced data regarding the physiognomy of the surrounding area.

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Xiao, Hongfei, Gaofeng Meng, Lingfeng Wang, and Chunhong Pan. "Facade repetition detection in a fronto-parallel view with fiducial lines extraction." Neurocomputing 273 (January 2018): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2017.07.040.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Facade Extraction"

Eriksson, Linus. "Detection of facade cracks using deep learning." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39598.

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Facade cracks are a common problem in the north of Sweden due to shifting temperatures creating frost in the facades which ultimately damages the facades, often in the form of cracks. To fix these cracks, workers must visually inspect the facades to find them which is a difficult and time-consuming task. This project explores the possibilities of creating an algorithm that can classify cracks on facades with the help of deep learning models. The idea is that in the future, an algorithm like this could be implemented on a drone that hoovers around buildings, filming the facade, and reporting back if there are any damages to the facade. The work in this project is exploratory and the path of convolutional neural networks has been explored, as well as the possibility to simulate training data due to the lack of real-world data. The experimental work in this project led to some interesting conclusions for further work. The relatively small amount of data used in this project points towards the possibility of using simulated data as a complement to real data, as well as the possibility of using convolutional neural networks as a means of classifying facades for crack recognition. The data and conclusions collected in this report can be used as a preparatory work for a working prototype algorithm.

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Partington, Mike. "AUTOMATIC IMAGE TO MODEL ALIGNMENT FOR PHOTO-REALISTIC URBAN MODEL RECONSTRUCTION." UKnowledge, 2001. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/218.

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We introduce a hybrid approach in which images of an urban scene are automatically alignedwith a base geometry of the scene to determine model-relative external camera parameters. Thealgorithm takes as input a model of the scene and images with approximate external cameraparameters and aligns the images to the model by extracting the facades from the images andaligning the facades with the model by minimizing over a multivariate objective function. Theresulting image-pose pairs can be used to render photo-realistic views of the model via texturemapping.Several natural extensions to the base hybrid reconstruction technique are also introduced. Theseextensions, which include vanishing point based calibration refinement and video stream basedreconstruction, increase the accuracy of the base algorithm, reduce the amount of data that mustbe provided by the user as input to the algorithm, and provide a mechanism for automaticallycalibrating a large set of images for post processing steps such as automatic model enhancementand fly-through model visualization.Traditionally, photo-realistic urban reconstruction has been approached from purely image-basedor model-based approaches. Recently, research has been conducted on hybrid approaches, whichcombine the use of images and models. Such approaches typically require user assistance forcamera calibration. Our approach is an improvement over these methods because it does notrequire user assistance for camera calibration.

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Hammoudi, Karim. "Contributions to the 3D city modeling : 3D polyhedral building model reconstruction from aerial images and 3D facade modeling from terrestrial 3D point cloud and images." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682442.

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The aim of this work is to develop research on 3D building modeling. In particular, the research in aerial-based 3D building reconstruction is a topic very developed since 1990. However, it is necessary to pursue the research since the actual approaches for 3D massive building reconstruction (although efficient) still encounter problems in generalization, coherency, accuracy. Besides, the recent developments of street acquisition systems such as Mobile Mapping Systems open new perspectives for improvements in building modeling in the sense that the terrestrial data (very dense and accurate) can be exploited with more performance (in comparison to the aerial investigation) to enrich the building models at facade level (e.g., geometry, texturing).Hence, aerial and terrestrial based building modeling approaches are individually proposed. At aerial level, we describe a direct and featureless approach for simple polyhedral building reconstruction from a set of calibrated aerial images. At terrestrial level, several approaches that essentially describe a 3D urban facade modeling pipeline are proposed, namely, the street point cloud segmentation and classification, the geometric modeling of urban facade and the occlusion-free facade texturing

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Low, Boon Kee. "Computer extraction of human faces." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10668.

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Due to the recent advances in visual communication and face recognition technologies, automatic face detection has attracted a great deal of research interest. Being a diverse problem, the development of face detection research has comprised contributions from researchers in various fields of sciences. This thesis examines the fundamentals of various face detection techniques implemented since the early 70's. Two groups of techniques are identified based on their approach in applying face knowledge as a priori: feature-based and image-based. One of the problems faced by the current feature-based techniques, is the lack of costeffective segmentation algorithms that are able to deal with issues such as background and illumination variations. As a result a novel facial feature segmentation algorithm is proposed in this thesis. The algorithm aims to combine spatial and temporal information using low cost techniques. In order to achieve this, an existing motion detection technique is analysed and implemented with a novel spatial filter, which itself is proved robust for segmentation of features in varying illumination conditions. Through spatio-temporal information fusion, the algorithm effectively addresses the background and illumination problems among several head and shoulder sequences. Comparisons of the algorithm with existing motion and spatial techniques establishes the efficacy of the combined approach.

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PANA-TALPEANU, RADU-MIHAI. "Trajectory extraction for automatic face sketching." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-142429.

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This project consists of a series of algorithms employed to obtain a simplistic but realistic representation of a human face. The final goal is for the sketch to be drawn onto paper by a robotic arm with a gripper holding a drawing instrument. The end application is mostly geared towards entertainment and combines the fields of human-machine interaction, machine learning and image processing. The first part focuses on manipulating an input digital image in order to obtain trajectories of a suitable format for the robot to process. Different techniques are presented, tested and compared, such as edge extraction, landmark detection, spline generation and principal component analysis. Results showed that an edge detector yields too many lines, while the generative spline method leads to overly simplistic faces. The best facial depiction was obtained by combining landmark localization with edge detection. The trajectories outputted by the different techniques are passed to the arm through the high level interface provided by ROS, the Robot Operating System and then drawn on paper.<br>Detta projekt består av en serie av algoritmer som används för att erhålla en förenklad men realistisk återgivning av ett mänskligt ansikte. Det slutgiltiga målet är att skissen ska ritas på papper av en robotarm med en gripare som håller ett ritinstrument. Tillämpningen är nöjesorienterad och kombinerar områdena människamaskin- interaktion, maskininlärning och bildbehandling. Den första delen fokuserar på att manipulera en mottagen digital bild så att banor i ett format lämpligt för roboten erhålls. Olika tekniker presenteras, testas och jämförs såsom kantdetektion, igenkänning av landmärke, spline-generering och principalkomponentanalys. Resultaten visade att en kantdetektor ger alltför många linjer och att spline-genererings-metoden leder till alltför förenklade ansikten. Den bästa ansiktsskildringen erhölls genom att kombinera lokalisering av landmärke med kantdetektering. De banor som erhållits genom de olika teknikerna överförs till armen genom ett högnivågränssnitt till ROS, Robot Operating System och sedan ritas på papper.

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Nguyen, Huu-Tuan. "Contributions to facial feature extraction for face recognition." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT034/document.

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La tâche la plus délicate d'un système de reconnaissance faciale est la phase d'extraction de caractéristiques significatives et discriminantes. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous sommes focalisés sur cette tâche avec comme objectif l'élaboration d'une représentation de visage robuste aux variations majeures suivantes: variations d'éclairage, de pose, de temps, images de qualité différentes (vidéosurveillance). Par ailleurs, nous avons travaillé également dans une optique de traitement temps réel. Tout d'abord, en tenant compte des caractéristiques d'orientation des traits principaux du visages (yeux, bouche), une nouvelle variante nommée ELBP de célèbre descripteur LBP a été proposée. Elle s'appuie sur les informations de micro-texture contenues dans une ellipse horizontale. Ensuite, le descripteur EPOEM est construit afin de tenir compte des informations d'orientation des contours. Puis un descripteur nommée PLPQMC qui intégre des informations obtenues par filtrage monogénique dans le descripteur LPQ est proposé. Enfin le descripteur LPOG intégrant des informations de gradient est présenté. Chacun des descripteurs proposés est testé sur les 3 bases d'images AR, FERET et SCface. Il en résulte que les descripteurs PLPQMC et LPOG sont les plus performants et conduisent à des taux de reconnaissance comparables voire supérieur à ceux des meilleurs méthodes de l'état de l'art<br>Centered around feature extraction, the core task of any Face recognition system, our objective is devising a robust facial representation against major challenges, such as variations of illumination, pose and time-lapse and low resolution probe images, to name a few. Besides, fast processing speed is another crucial criterion. Towards these ends, several methods have been proposed through out this thesis. Firstly, based on the orientation characteristics of the facial information and important features, like the eyes and mouth, a novel variant of LBP, referred as ELBP, is designed for encoding micro patterns with the usage of an horizontal ellipse sample. Secondly, ELBP is exploited to extract local features from oriented edge magnitudes images. By this, the Elliptical Patterns of Oriented Edge Magnitudes (EPOEM) description is built. Thirdly, we propose a novel feature extraction method so called Patch based Local Phase Quantization of Monogenic components (PLPQMC). Lastly, a robust facial representation namely Local Patterns of Gradients (LPOG) is developed to capture meaningful features directly from gradient images. Chiefs among these methods are PLPQMC and LPOG as they are per se illumination invariant and blur tolerant. Impressively, our methods, while offering comparable or almost higher results than that of existing systems, have low computational cost and are thus feasible to deploy in real life applications

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Gunn, Steve R. "Dual active contour models for image feature extraction." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/250089/.

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Active contours are now a very popular technique for shape extraction, achieved by minimising a suitably formulated energy functional. Conventional active contour formulations suffer difficulty in appropriate choice of an initial contour and values of parameters. Recent approaches have aimed to resolve these problems, but can compromise other performance aspects. To relieve the problem in initialisation, an evolutionary dual active contour has been developed, which is combined with a local shape model to improve the parameterisation. One contour expands from inside the target feature, the other contracts from the outside. The two contours are inter-linked to provide a balanced technique with an ability to reject weak’local energy minima. Additionally a dual active contour configuration using dynamic programming has been developed to locate a global energy minimum and complements recent approaches via simulated annealing and genetic algorithms. These differ from conventional evolutionary approaches, where energy minimisation may not converge to extract the target shape, in contrast with the guaranteed convergence of a global approach. The new techniques are demonstrated to extract successfully target shapes in synthetic and real images, with superior performance to previous approaches. The new technique employing dynamic programming is deployed to extract the inner face boundary, along with a conventional normal-driven contour to extract the outer face boundary. Application to a database of 75 subjects showed that the outer contour was extracted successfully for 96% of the subjects and the inner contour was successful for 82%. This application highlights the advantages new dual active contour approaches for automatic shape extraction can confer.

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Benn, David E. "Model-based feature extraction and classification for automatic face recognition." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324811.

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Jung, Sung Uk. "On using gait to enhance face extraction for visual surveillance." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/340358/.

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Visual surveillance finds increasing deployment for monitoring urban environments. Operators need to be able to determine identity from surveillance images and often use face recognition for this purpose. Unfortunately, the quality of the recorded imagery can be insufficient for this task. This study describes a programme of research aimed to ameliorate this limitation. Many face biometrics systems use controlled environments where subjects are viewed directly facing the camera. This is less likely to occur in surveillance environments, so it is necessary to handle pose variations of the human head, low frame rate, and low resolution input images. We describe the first use of gait to enable face acquisition and recognition, by analysis of 3D head motion and gait trajectory, with super-resolution analysis. The face extraction procedure consists of three stages: i) head pose estimation by a 3D ellipsoidal model; ii) face region extraction by using a 2D or a 3D gait trajectory; and iii) frontal face extraction and reconstruction by estimating head pose and using super-resolution techniques. The head pose is estimated by using a 3D ellipsoidal model and non-linear optimisation. Region- and distance-based feature refinement methods are used and a direct mapping from the 2D image coordinate to the object coordinate is developed. In face region extraction the potential face region is extracted based on the 2D gait trajectory model when a person walks towards a camera. We model a looming field and show how this field affects the image sequences of the human walking. By fitting a 2D gait trajectory model the face region can then be tracked. For the general case of the human walking a 3D gait trajectory model and heel strike positions are used to extract the face region in 3D space. Wavelet decomposition is used to detect the gait cycle and a new heel strike detection method is developed. In face extraction a high resolution frontal face image is reconstructed with low resolution face images by analysing super-resolution. Based on the head pose and 3D ellipsoidal model the invalid low resolution face images are filtered and the frontal view face is reconstructed. By adapting the existing super-resolution the high resolution frontal face image can be synthesised, which is demonstrated to be suitable for face recognition. The contributions of this research include the construction of a 3D model for pose estimation from planar imagery and the first use of gait information to enhance the face extraction and recognition process allowing for deployment in surveillance scenarios.

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Al-Qatawneh, Sokyna M. S. "3D Facial Feature Extraction and Recognition. An investigation of 3D face recognition: correction and normalisation of the facial data, extraction of facial features and classification using machine learning techniques." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4876.

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Face recognition research using automatic or semi-automatic techniques has emerged over the last two decades. One reason for growing interest in this topic is the wide range of possible applications for face recognition systems. Another reason is the emergence of affordable hardware, supporting digital photography and video, which have made the acquisition of high-quality and high resolution 2D images much more ubiquitous. However, 2D recognition systems are sensitive to subject pose and illumination variations and 3D face recognition which is not directly affected by such environmental changes, could be used alone, or in combination with 2D recognition. Recently with the development of more affordable 3D acquisition systems and the availability of 3D face databases, 3D face recognition has been attracting interest to tackle the limitations in performance of most existing 2D systems. In this research, we introduce a robust automated 3D Face recognition system that implements 3D data of faces with different facial expressions, hair, shoulders, clothing, etc., extracts features for discrimination and uses machine learning techniques to make the final decision. A novel system for automatic processing for 3D facial data has been implemented using multi stage architecture; in a pre-processing and registration stage the data was standardized, spikes were removed, holes were filled and the face area was extracted. Then the nose region, which is relatively more rigid than other facial regions in an anatomical sense, was automatically located and analysed by computing the precise location of the symmetry plane. Then useful facial features and a set of effective 3D curves were extracted. Finally, the recognition and matching stage was implemented by using cascade correlation neural networks and support vector machine for classification, and the nearest neighbour algorithms for matching. It is worth noting that the FRGC data set is the most challenging data set available supporting research on 3D face recognition and machine learning techniques are widely recognised as appropriate and efficient classification methods.

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Books on the topic "Facade Extraction"

Lebdioui, Amir. Are we measuring natural resource wealth correctly? A reconceptualization of natural resource value in the era of climate change. 18th ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/952-5.

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Underlying the management of revenues from natural resource extraction is a set of assumptions about how abundant and how valuable these resources are. Nevertheless, existing approaches to measuring the value of extractive resources are seriously flawed. This paper proposes two avenues for improving them. It explains how a multidimensional approach to measuring resource wealth can be used to identify the policy challenges that a country might face as it sets out its strategy for managing extractive revenues. It also provides a rethinking of the valuation of extractive wealth by integrating environmental considerations. Extractive activities can at times incur a great loss of (renewable) opportunity income, either directly or indirectly, because of their environmental impact. By analysing a range of examples from across the globe, this paper extracts key lessons on the true value of extractives and why it matters for policy makers, civil society, and international donors today.

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Nguyen, Duy Phuc. An FPGA implementation of face detection and lip feature extraction. 2005.

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Nguyen, Duy Phuc. An FPGA implementation of face detection and lip feature extraction. 2005.

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Cascarini, Luke, Clare Schilling, Ben Gurney, and Peter Brennan. In the emergency department. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198767817.003.0004.

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This chapter discusses oral and maxillofacial surgery in the A&E department, including, The paediatric OMFS patient, Overview of maxillofacial trauma, Mandibular fractures, Zygomatic fractures, Orbital floor fractures, Maxillary fractures, Nose, naso-ethmoidal, and frontal bone fractures, Face and scalp soft tissue injuries, Penetrating injuries to the neck, Intra-oral injuries, Dento-alveolar trauma, Dento-alveolar infections, Post-extraction complications, Head and neck soft tissue infections, Salivary gland diseases, and Miscellaneous conditions

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Addison, Tony, and Alan Roe. Extractives for Development. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0001.

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Countries face both challenges and opportunities in using their extractive industries to achieve more inclusive development—particularly in the developing world. Extractive industries have shaped economies, societies, and politics of nations—for good and bad. Today’s wealthiest nations owe a part of their high living standards to the extractive industries. Yet while a large national income can result from resource wealth, it can also be associated with acute social inequality and deep poverty—the polar opposite of inclusive development. Many developing countries struggle to diversify their economies, and create redistributive fiscal systems, in ways that reduce poverty, inequality, and social division. The very worst cases see violent conflict and civil war. The expression ‘resource curse’ has in turn become common coin. This chapter lays out the framework of the book for the reader, and describes the motive and contribution of the individual chapters to the narrative thread woven throughout.

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Cascarini, Luke, Clare Schilling, Ben Gurney, and Peter Brennan. In the clinic. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198767817.003.0005.

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This chapter discusses oral and maxillofacial surgery in the clinic, including, Mandible fractures, Orbital floor fractures, Zygoma fractures, Maxillary fractures, Nose, naso-ethmoidal, and frontal bone fractures, Face and scalp soft tissue injuries, Dento-alveolar: assessment for extractions, Dento-alveolar: impacted teeth, Dento-alveolar: jaw pathologies, Temporomandibular joint problems, Oral and facial pain, Management of oral lesions, Management of neck lumps, Skin tumours, Work-up for major head and neck oncoplastic surgery, Reviewing head and neck cancer patients, Salivary gland diseases, Orthognathic patients, and Miscellaneous conditions in the clinic

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Agarwal, Anil, Neil Borley, and Greg McLatchie. Oral and maxillofacial surgery. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199608911.003.0015.

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This chapter on oral and maxillofacial surgery describes intra-oral and face nerve blocks. Operations include biopsies and excision of small lesions, simple and surgical tooth extraction, apicectomy, odontogenic cyst enucleation and marsupilialization, intra-oral implant insertion, maxillary sinus floor elevation, submandibular duct stone removal, sublingual gland excision, repair of facial laceration including parotid duct repair and facial nerve repair, lateral canthotomy and cantholysis, intermaxillary fixation, open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of mandible, mandibular condyle, zygomatic complex, repair of orbital floor and wall, access for bicoronal flap, bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, maxillary osteotomy, temporal mandibular joint (TMJ) arthrocentesis, eminoplasty and condyloplasty and disc procedures, pectoralis major myocutaneous flap, radial forearm free flap harvest, osteocutaneous iliac crest flap harvest and, fibula free flap harvest.

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Berg, Andrew, Rafael Portillo, and Filiz Unsal. On the Role of Money Targets in the Monetary Policy Framework in SSA. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785811.003.0008.

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Many low-income countries continue to describe their monetary policy framework in terms of targets on monetary aggregates. This chapter extends the New Keynesian model to provide a role for ‘M’ in the conduct of monetary policy, and examine the conditions under which some adherence to money targets is optimal. In the spirit of Poole (1970), this role is based on the incompleteness of information available to the central bank, a pervasive issue in these countries. Ex ante announcements and forecasts for money growth are consistent with a Taylor rule for the relevant short-term interest rate. Ex post, the policymaker must choose his relative adherence to interest rate and money growth targets. The chapter shows that some adherence to previously set money targets can emerge endogenously from the signal extraction problem faced by the central bank. The chapter also provides an analytical representation of the factors influencing the degree of optimal target adherence.

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Alter, Karen J., Laurence R. Helfer, and Mikael Rask Madsen. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795582.003.0023.

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This concluding chapter returns to the conjectures developed in Chapter 2, extracting insights from the book’s empirical chapters to explore how context shapes the authority of ICs. While several of the conjectures were confirmed, others were not. We focus in particular on the limited impact of IC design features, the distinctive challenges faced by international criminal tribunals, and by ICs created during the post-Cold War era. The final section revisits the distinction between IC authority and IC power. We explain why IC authority is likely to remain fragile, and we revisit our claim that authority can not only increase but also stagnate or diminish over time.

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Jacquet, Gabrielle, and Lawrence Page. Odontogenic Infections. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0013.

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Odontogenic infections often arise from dental caries (usually the mandibular teeth) or from dental extraction. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) is more common in immunocompromised patients. These infections may spread into the parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal spaces, involving the airway and mediastinum. Airway management is critical as odontogenic infections can compromise airways via mass effect. Complications include the following: abscess, facial or orbital cellulitis/abscess, intracranial invasion, Ludwig’s angina, Lemierre syndrome, carotid artery erosion, descending necrotizing mediastinitis, airway compromise, hematogenous dissemination to distant organs, intraoral or dentocutaneous fistula formation, and cardiovascular disease. Antibiotics are not a substitute for definitive airway management. In addition, many cases of odontogenic infection will require surgical drainage, either at the bedside in the emergency department or in the operating room. Prior to this, consider using a nerve block to obtain anesthesia to the affected area of the face. Patients with necrotizing infections need emergent surgery with wide local debridement.

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Book chapters on the topic "Facade Extraction"

Han, Tian, Chun Liu, Chiew Lan Tai, and Long Quan. "Quasi-regular Facade Structure Extraction." In Computer Vision – ACCV 2012. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37447-0_42.

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Haugeard, Jean-Emmanuel, Sylvie Philipp-Foliguet, Frédéric Precioso, and Justine Lebrun. "Extraction of Windows in Facade Using Kernel on Graph of Contours." In Image Analysis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02230-2_66.

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Guyot, Laurent, Pierre Seguin, and Hervé Benateau. "Extractions dentaires simples." In Techniques en chirurgie maxillo-faciale et plastique de la face. Springer Paris, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0073-8_4.

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Guyot, Laurent, Pierre Seguin, and Hervé Benateau. "Extractions de dents incluses." In Techniques en chirurgie maxillo-faciale et plastique de la face. Springer Paris, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0073-8_5.

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Xue, Dashen, Zhaohui Li, and Shenglan Hao. "Face Feature Extraction and Face Recognition." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27287-5_10.

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Rupprecht, Dominik, Sebastian Hesse, and Rainer Blum. "Automatic Face Feature Points Extraction." In Digital Human Modeling. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21799-9_21.

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Paisitkriangkrai, Sakrapee, Chunhua Shen, and Jian Zhang. "Face Detection with Effective Feature Extraction." In Computer Vision – ACCV 2010. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19318-7_36.

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Fang, Hui, and Nicholas Costen. "Behavioral Consistency Extraction for Face Verification." In Cross-Modal Analysis of Speech, Gestures, Gaze and Facial Expressions. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03320-9_27.

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Usha, Kamale, Beecha Sudeepthi, Devarakonda Mahathi, and Pillarisetti Shravya. "Face Mask Detection Using Feature Extraction." In Data Engineering and Communication Technology. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0081-4_46.

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Yin, Jian, and Su Huan Wang. "Face Detection-based Video Key Frame Extraction." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4847-0_81.

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Conference papers on the topic "Facade Extraction"

Xiao, Hongfei, Gaofeng Meng, Lingfeng Wang, Shiming Xiang, and Chunhong Pan. "Facade repetition extraction using block matrix based model." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2014.7025335.

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"AUTOMATIC FACADE IMAGE RECTIFICATION AND EXTRACTION USING LINE SEGMENT FEATURES." In International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003316401040111.

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Chen, Jinxing, Bo Zhang, Chao Wang, Hong Zhang, and Fan Wu. "Building features extraction based on facade regularities using TerraSAR-X ST data." In 2015 IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apsar.2015.7306218.

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Yang, Dongdong, Senzhang Wang, and Zhoujun Li. "Ensemble Neural Relation Extraction with Adaptive Boosting." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/630.

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Relation extraction has been widely studied to extract new relational facts from open corpus. Previous relation extraction methods are faced with the problem of wrong labels and noisy data, which substantially decrease the performance of the model. In this paper, we propose an ensemble neural network model - Adaptive Boosting LSTMs with Attention, to more effectively perform relation extraction. Specifically, our model first employs the recursive neural network LSTMs to embed each sentence. Then we import attention into LSTMs by considering that the words in a sentence do not contribute equally to the semantic meaning of the sentence. Next via adaptive boosting, we build strategically several such neural classifiers. By ensembling multiple such LSTM classifiers with adaptive boosting, we could build a more effective and robust joint ensemble neural networks based relation extractor. Experiment results on real dataset demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed model, improving F1-score by about 8% compared to the state-of-the-art models.

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Kohan, Omid, Britta Bienen, Mark J. Cassidy, and Christophe Gaudin. "Centrifuge Experiments to Study Extraction of a Deeply Embedded Spudcan Using Top Jetting." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10468.

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Extracting the spudcan footings of mobile jack-up rigs from the seabed at the end of their operations is challenging when the capacity of the rig to pull is low compared to the extraction resistance of the spudcans. This is particularly the case when the spudcans are deeply embedded in soft clay and subjected to long periods of operation that place load on the foundations and allow for consolidation to occur in the soil. A technical solution used by the offshore industry to overcome spudcan extraction resistance is to use a water jetting system that ejects pressurised water through nozzles on the spudcan face. The aim of using water jetting with nozzles located at the top of the spudcan is to reduce extraction resistance through fracturing and softening of the upper soil. However, the efficiencies of such systems are not known to offshore jack-up operators. Top jetting efficiency is therefore addressed in this paper, which reports a series of physical experiments on jetted spudcan extraction conducted in a geotechnical beam centrifuge. The efficiency of water jetting is reported for extraction from depths of up to three diameters in normally consolidated clay, for different jetting flow rates. The excess pore pressure and maximum breakout force measured reveal insights into the extraction process with top jetting. The maximum extraction resistance is shown to be unaffected by top jetting but relates to the suction developed at the spudcan base, which can be reduced by jetting at the spudcan base (Bienen et al. 2009; Gaudin et al. 2011). Top jetting can, however, reduce the extraction resistance post breakout as indicated by the experimental results of this study.

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Liu, Ruijun, Myriam Servières, and Guillaume Moreau. "A 3D-GIS Updating Method With Interaction in an Urban Environment." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82769.

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This paper presents a method for reconstructing 3D buildings and updating Geographic Information System (GIS) data from video. We use 2D-GIS data and a ground-based video sequence as inputs. The main approach consists of three parts. In the first part, the data is captured and analyzed: besides the 2D-GIS data, we capture a video from a street view; then we can obtain thousands of3D feature points by our extracting algorithm and design a noise filter to remove outliers. In the second part, we present a generation process, which contains the footprint extraction and basic facades reconstruction. The last part is the correction and updating process: after correcting the footprint and computing the height of the building, our method will update the data into GIS. In addition, we use some user knowledge to make the results much more accurate. In the filtering and the correcting process, our method can deal with several interactive operations.

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Huang, Zuo-Wei, Xiang Chi, and Fang Liu. "A Methodology for Extraction Building Facades from VLS." In 2012 Third International Conference on Digital Manufacturing and Automation (ICDMA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdma.2012.18.

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Hsu, Chih-Yu, Hao-Feng Wang, Hui-Ching Wang, Kuo-Kun Tseng, and Yih-Jing Tang. "Automatic extraction of face contours." In 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2010.5596587.

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Conilione, Paul C., and Dianhui Wang. "Feature Extraction for Face Image Retrieval." In 2008 3rd International Conference on Innovative Computing Information and Control. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicic.2008.278.

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Wang, Shuang, Guanyu Wen, and Hua Cai. "Feature extraction and face recognition algorithm." In 2017 13th International Conference on Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (ICNC-FSKD). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2017.8393059.

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Reports on the topic "Facade Extraction"

Doo, Johnny. Unsettled Issues Concerning eVTOL for Rapid-response, On-demand Firefighting. SAE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021017.

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Recent advancements of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft have generated significant interest within and beyond the traditional aviation industry, and many novel applications have been identified and are in development. One promising application for these innovative systems is in firefighting, with eVTOL aircraft complementing current firefighting capabilities to help save lives and reduce fire-induced damages. With increased global occurrences and scales of wildfires—not to mention the issues firefighters face during urban and rural firefighting operations daily—eVTOL technology could offer timely, on-demand, and potentially cost-effective aerial mobility capabilities to counter these challenges. Early detection and suppression of wildfires could prevent many fires from becoming large-scale disasters. eVTOL aircraft may not have the capacity of larger aerial assets for firefighting, but targeted suppression, potentially in swarm operations, could be valuable. Most importantly, on-demand aerial extraction of firefighters can be a crucial benefit during wildfire control operations. Aerial firefighter dispatch from local fire stations or vertiports can result in more effective operations, and targeted aerial fire suppression and civilian extraction from high-rise buildings could enhance capabilities significantly. There are some challenges that need to be addressed before the identified capabilities and benefits are realized at scale, including the development of firefighting-specific eVTOL vehicles; sense and avoid capabilities in complex, smoke-inhibited environments; autonomous and remote operating capabilities; charging system compatibility and availability; operator and controller training; dynamic airspace management; and vehicle/fleet logistics and support. Acceptance from both the first-responder community and the general public is also critical for the successful implementation of these new capabilities. The purpose of this report is to identify the benefits and challenges of implementation, as well as some of the potential solutions. Based on the rapid development progress of eVTOL aircraft and infrastructures with proactive community engagement, it is envisioned that these challenges can be addressed soon. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. These reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.

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