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Journal articles on the topic 'Fault control'
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1
Patan, Krzysztof, and Józef Korbicz. "Nonlinear model predictive control of a boiler unit: A fault tolerant control study." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 22, no. 1 (2012): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-012-0017-6.
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Nonlinear model predictive control of a boiler unit: A fault tolerant control studyThis paper deals with a nonlinear model predictive control designed for a boiler unit. The predictive controller is realized by means of a recurrent neural network which acts as a one-step ahead predictor. Then, based on the neural predictor, the control law is derived solving an optimization problem. Fault tolerant properties of the proposed control system are also investigated. A set of eight faulty scenarios is prepared to verify the quality of the fault tolerant control. Based of different faulty situations, a fault compensation problem is also investigated. As the automatic control system can hide faults from being observed, the control system is equipped with a fault detection block. The fault detection module designed using the one-step ahead predictor and constant thresholds informs the user about any abnormal behaviour of the system even in the cases when faults are quickly and reliably compensated by the predictive controller.
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Shahbaz, Muhammad Hamza, and Arslan Ahmed Amin. "Design of hybrid fault-tolerant control system for air-fuel ratio control of internal combustion engines using artificial neural network and sliding mode control against sensor faults." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 15, no. 3 (2023): 168781322311607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132231160729.
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This paper proposes a novel hybrid fault-tolerant control system (HFTCS) with dedicated non-linear controllers: artificial neural network (ANN) and sliding mode control (SMC) for active and passive parts, respectively. The proposed system can provide both desirable properties of stability to unexpected fast disturbances and post-fault optimal performance. In the active fault tolerant control system (AFTCS) part, the fault detection and isolation (FDI) unit is designed through the use of ANN for the estimation of faulty sensor values in the observer model. In the passive fault-tolerant system (PFTCS) part, the air-fuel ratio (AFR) controller is designed using a robust SMC that allows systems to manage faults in predefined limits without estimation. In the proposed system, SMC will form the passive part to react instantly to faults while ANN will optimize post-fault performance with active compensation. Moreover, Lyapunov stability analysis was also performed to make sure that the system remains stable in both normal and faulty conditions. The simulation results in the Matlab/Simulink environment show that the designed controller is robust to faults in normal and noisy measurements of the sensors. A comparison with the existing works also demonstrates the superior performance of the proposed hybrid algorithm.
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Unal, Gulay. "Integrated design of fault-tolerant control for flight control systems using observer and fuzzy logic." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 93, no. 4 (2021): 723–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-12-2020-0293.
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Purpose Fault detection, isolation and reconfiguration of the flight control system is an important problem to obtain healthy flight. This paper aims to propose an integrated approach for aircraft fault-tolerant control. Design/methodology/approach The integrated structure includes a Kalman filter to obtain without noise, a full order observer for sensor fault detection, a GOS (generalized observer scheme) for sensor fault isolation and a fuzzy controller to reconfigure of the healthy sensor. This combination is simulated using the state space model of a lateral flight control system in case of disturbance and under sensor fault scenario. Findings Using a dedicated observer scheme, the detection and time of sensor fault are correct, but the sensor fault isolation is evaluated incorrectly while the faulty sensor is isolated correctly using GOS. The simulation results show that the suggested approach works affectively for sensor faults with disturbance. Originality/value This paper proposes an integrated approach for aircraft fault-tolerant control. Under this framework, three units are designed, one is Kalman filter for filtering and the other is GOS for sensor fault isolation and another is fuzzy logic for reconfiguration. An integrated approach is sensitive to faults that have disturbances. The simulation results show the proposed integrated approach can be used for any linear system.
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Liu, Fuqiang, Yan Long, Jun Luo, Huayan Pu, Chaoqun Duan, and Songyi Zhong. "Active Fault Localization of Actuators on Torpedo-Shaped Autonomous Underwater Vehicles." Sensors 21, no. 2 (2021): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020476.
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To ensure the mission implementation of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), faults occurring on actuators should be detected and located promptly; therefore, reliable control strategies and inputs can be effectively provided. In this paper, faults occurring on the propulsion and attitude control systems of a torpedo-shaped AUV are analyzed and located while fault features may induce confusions for conventional fault localization (FL). Selective features of defined fault parameters are assorted as necessary conditions against different faulty actuators and synthesized in a fault tree subsequently to state the sufficiency towards possible abnormal parts. By matching fault features with those of estimated fault parameters, suspected faulty sections are located. Thereafter, active FL strategies that analyze the related fault parameters after executing purposive actuator control are proposed to provide precise fault location. Moreover, the generality of the proposed methods is analyzed to support extensive implementations. Simulations based on finite element analysis against a torpedo-shaped AUV with actuator faults are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
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Liu, Fuqiang, Yan Long, Jun Luo, Huayan Pu, Chaoqun Duan, and Songyi Zhong. "Active Fault Localization of Actuators on Torpedo-Shaped Autonomous Underwater Vehicles." Sensors 21, no. 2 (2021): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020476.
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To ensure the mission implementation of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), faults occurring on actuators should be detected and located promptly; therefore, reliable control strategies and inputs can be effectively provided. In this paper, faults occurring on the propulsion and attitude control systems of a torpedo-shaped AUV are analyzed and located while fault features may induce confusions for conventional fault localization (FL). Selective features of defined fault parameters are assorted as necessary conditions against different faulty actuators and synthesized in a fault tree subsequently to state the sufficiency towards possible abnormal parts. By matching fault features with those of estimated fault parameters, suspected faulty sections are located. Thereafter, active FL strategies that analyze the related fault parameters after executing purposive actuator control are proposed to provide precise fault location. Moreover, the generality of the proposed methods is analyzed to support extensive implementations. Simulations based on finite element analysis against a torpedo-shaped AUV with actuator faults are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
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Chen, Yimin, Shaowen Hao, Jian Gao, Jiarun Wang, and Le Li. "Fault-Tolerant Model Predictive Control for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Considering Unknown Disturbances." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13, no. 1 (2025): 171. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13010171.
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This paper presents a fault-tolerant model predictive control approach for cross-rudder autonomous underwater vehicles to achieve heading control, considering rudder stuck faults and unknown disturbances. Specifically, additive faults in the rudders are addressed, and an active fault-tolerant control strategy is employed. Fault models of autonomous underwater vehicles have been established to develop the fault-tolerant control method. In the controller design, the stuck faults of complete rudder failure are incorporated to ensure the heading angle control of the autonomous underwater vehicle in faulty conditions. Furthermore, the fault term is decoupled from the control input, and the decoupled control input, along with corresponding constraints, is incorporated into the model’s predictive controller design. This approach facilitates controller reconfiguration, thereby enhancing and optimizing control performance. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed fault-tolerant model predictive control method can effectively achieve stable navigation and heading adjustment under rudder fault conditions in autonomous underwater vehicles.
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Amin, Arslan Ahmed, and Khalid Mahmood-ul-Hasan. "Hybrid fault tolerant control for air–fuel ratio control of internal combustion gasoline engine using Kalman filters with advanced redundancy." Measurement and Control 52, no. 5-6 (2019): 473–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294019842593.
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In this paper, a hybrid fault tolerant control system is proposed for air–fuel ratio control of internal combustion gasoline engines based on Kalman filters and triple modular redundancy. Hybrid fault tolerant control system possesses properties of both active fault tolerant control system and passive fault tolerant control system. As part of active fault tolerant control system, fault detection and isolation unit is designed using Kalman filters to provide estimated values of the sensors to the engine controller in case of faults in the sensors. As part of passive fault tolerant control system, a dedicated proportional–integral feedback controller is incorporated to maintain air–fuel ratio by adjusting the throttle actuator in the fuel supply line in faulty and noisy conditions for robustness to faults and sensors’ noise. Redundancy is proposed in the sensors and actuators as a simultaneous failure of more than one sensor, and failure of the single actuator will cause the engine shutdown. Advanced redundancy protocol triple modular redundancy is proposed for the sensors and dual redundancy is proposed for actuators. Simulation results in the MATLAB Simulink environment show that the proposed system remains stable during faults in the sensors and actuators. It also maintains air–fuel ratio without any degradation in the faulty conditions and is robust to noise. Finally, the probabilistic reliability analysis of the proposed model is carried out. The study shows that the proposed hybrid fault tolerant control system with redundant components presents a novel and highly reliable solution for the air–fuel ratio control in internal combustion engines to prevent engine shutdown and production loss for greater profits.
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Georges, Jean-Philippe, Didier Theilliol, Vincent Cocquempot, Jean-Christophe Ponsart, and Christophe Aubrun. "Fault tolerance in networked control systems under intermittent observations." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 21, no. 4 (2011): 639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-011-0050-x.
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Fault tolerance in networked control systems under intermittent observationsThis paper presents an approach to fault tolerant control based on the sensor masking principle in the case of wireless networked control systems. With wireless transmission, packet losses act as sensor faults. In the presence of such faults, the faulty measurements corrupt directly the behaviour of closed-loop systems. Since the controller aims at cancelling the error between the measurement and its reference input, the real outputs will, in such a networked control system, deviate from the desired value and may drive the system to its physical limitations or even to instability. The proposed method facilitates fault compensation based on an interacting multiple model approach developed in the framework of channel errors or network congestion equivalent to multiple sensors failures. The interacting multiple model method involved in a networked control system provides simultaneously detection and isolation of on-line packet losses, and also performs a suitable state estimation. Based on particular knowledge of packet losses, sensor fault-tolerant controls are obtained by computing a new control law using fault-free estimation of the faulty element to avoid intermittent observations that might develop into failures and to minimize the effects on system performance and safety.
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Fritz, Raphael, and Ping Zhang. "Fault-tolerant tracking control of petri nets." at - Automatisierungstechnik 66, no. 1 (2018): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2017-0090.
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Abstract In this paper, the fault-tolerant tracking control of petri nets is considered. The control aim is to steer a petri net in case of faults from an initial marking into a destination marking by an appropriate firing sequence. Sensor, actuator and process faults in the plant are modeled based on four types of faulty transitions. Depending on the characteristics of the faults, two approaches are proposed to handle the faults. The tracking control problem is realized by solving two integer linear programming problems. This two-step approach reduces the computational effort significantly. Faults are taken into account as constraints and by adapting the firing sequence. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the proposed fault-tolerant tracking control approach.
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Nguyen, Ngoc Phi, and Sung Kyung Hong. "Active Fault-Tolerant Control of a Quadcopter against Time-Varying Actuator Faults and Saturations Using Sliding Mode Backstepping Approach." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19 (2019): 4010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9194010.
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Fault-tolerant control is becoming an interesting topic because of its reliability and safety. This paper reports an active fault-tolerant control method for a quadcopter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to handle actuator faults, disturbances, and input constraints. A robust fault diagnosis based on the H ∞ scheme was designed to estimate the magnitude of a time-varying fault in the presence of disturbances with unknown upper bounds. Once the fault estimation was complete, a fault-tolerant control scheme was proposed for the attitude system, using adaptive sliding mode backstepping control to accommodate the actuator faults, despite actuator saturation limitation and disturbances. The Lyapunov theory was applied to prove the robustness and stability of the closed-loop system under faulty operation. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the fault diagnosis scheme and proposed controller for handling actuator faults.
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Song, Bongsob, J. Karl Hedrick, and Adam Howell. "Fault Tolerant Control and Classification for Longitudinal Vehicle Control." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 125, no. 3 (2003): 320–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1592188.
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In this paper, a new method of analyzing for the performance loss caused by faults in the systems is presented, and applied to the design of a fault tolerant longitudinal controller for a transit bus. Based on the amount of performance loss measured by a quadratic function, fault impact assessment is developed for both single and multiple faults. More specifically, ellipsoidal approximation of the tracking error bounds via dynamic surface control (DSC) is obtained via convex optimization technique for the nonlinear closed-loop system. Relying on the fault impact to the closed loop system and its isolatability on a fault detection and diagnosis system, the fault classification is proposed to provide a switching logic in the framework of a switched hierarchical structure. Finally, simulation results of the fault tolerant controller and corresponding fault classification are shown for multiple multiplicative faults.
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Amin, Arslan Ahmed, and Khalid Mahmood-ul-Hasan. "Robust active fault-tolerant control for internal combustion gas engine for air–fuel ratio control with statistical regression-based observer model." Measurement and Control 52, no. 9-10 (2019): 1179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294018823031.
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Fault-tolerant control systems are utilized in safety and critical applications to achieve greater reliability and availability for continued operation despite faults in the system components. These systems can be utilized in the process plants to avoid costly production loss due to abnormal and unscheduled tripping of the machines. In this paper, advanced fault-tolerant control systems of active type are proposed for air–fuel ratio control of internal combustion gas engine in a process plant to achieve greater reliability and availability to avoid a shutdown of the gas engine. Gas engines are extensively used equipment in the process industry and proper air–fuel ratio control in the fuel system of these engines is quite important to achieve greater engine efficiency, fuel energy savings and environmental protection. Active fault-tolerant control system is proposed in this paper in which linear regression–based observer model is used in the fault detection and isolation unit for fault detection, isolation and reconfiguration. Fuel actuator is introduced in the fuel supply line and proportional feedback controller is implemented to maintain the air–fuel ratio in faulty conditions. Redundancy in the sensors and fuel actuator is proposed to avoid engine shutdown in case of simultaneous faults in more than one sensor and to avoid a single point of failure due to fault in the single actuator. Noise is introduced in the sensor measurements to determine the robustness of proposed active fault-tolerant control system in noisy and faulty conditions. Results show that the proposed system remains stable, maintaining air–fuel ratio well in faulty conditions and is robust to noise.
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Karahan, Mehmet, Mertcan Inal, and Cosku Kasnakoglu. "Fault Tolerant Super Twisting Sliding Mode Control of a Quadrotor UAV Using Control Allocation." International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems 3, no. 2 (2023): 270–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31763/ijrcs.v3i2.994.
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In this study, a fault-tolerant super-twisting sliding mode controller with a control allocation system for a quadrotor aircraft is proposed. Super twisting sliding mode control is a robust control technique that handles a system with a relative degree equal to one. A super-twisting sliding mode controller is proposed because of its robustness to uncertainties and perturbations. It increases accuracy and reduces chattering. A control allocation algorithm is developed to cope with the actuator fault. Firstly, a nonlinear model of the quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is presented. Then, the controller design and type of the actuator fault are explained. The control allocation algorithm is used to optimize the trajectory tracking performance of the quadrotor in the presence of an actuator fault. A control allocation algorithm is an effective approach to implementing fault-tolerant control. When actuator faults are identified, they can be modeled as changes in the B matrix of constraints. Various simulations have been made for situations with and without actuator failure. In normal conditions, the quadrotor can accurately track altitude, roll, pitch and yaw references. In faulty conditions, the quadrotor can follow the references with a small error. Simulations prove the effectiveness of the control allocation algorithm, which stabilizes the quadrotor in case of an actuator fault. Overall, this paper presents a novel fault-tolerant controller design for quadrotor aircraft that effectively addresses actuator faults using a super-twisting sliding mode controller and control allocation algorithm.
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Almutairi, S. H., and N. Aouf. "Reconfigurable dynamic control allocation for aircraft with actuator failures." Aeronautical Journal 121, no. 1237 (2017): 341–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2017.3.
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ABSTRACTIn this paper, the development of a fault-tolerant control system for an aircraft that exploits both the hardware and analytical redundancy in the system is considered. A control allocation approach is developed where the total control command is computed and distributed among the available control surfaces. The actuator’s position and rate limits are taken into account in the optimisation problem. Existing fault-tolerant control allocation techniques produce look-up tables of control gains based on certain faults in the model. In contrast, the developed reconfigurable approach presented here incorporates a new process that redistributes control efforts which is updated whenever a fault occurs. In order to correlate between control effort redistribution and the fault magnitude, a fuzzy logic scheme is implemented, which handles a wide range of fault magnitudes on-line. The approach is applied for the most severe type of fault, which is the “lock-in-place” (jam) fault. Results show that the developed approach successfully handles the faulty situations and enhances aircraft flying responses by utilising the available healthy controls.
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Yao, L., and A. P. Wang. "Design of a fault-tolerant control scheme for two collaborative subsystems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 221, no. 6 (2007): 875–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09596518jsce360.
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A fault-tolerant control method is proposed for a class of dynamic systems including two subsystems. These two subsystems work together in order to perform a joint task. The proposed fault-tolerant control aims at obtaining a control strategy that can use the healthy subsystem to compensate the faulty one. When one subsystem is subjected to faults, the other subsystem is used to accommodate faults and compensate the influences onto the total system, leading to a fault-tolerant control of the whole system. Theoretical analysis and computer simulations illustrate the validity of this method.
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Niu, Dao Sen, Xiao Dong Liu, Shou Qun Sun, and Yang Liu. "Verification of Fault Control Measures Based on Fault Injection for MCU Control System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (January 2014): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.325.
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To verify the validity of fault control measures, a verification platform with software fault injection and hardware fault injection is developed to conduct fault diagnosis measures for MCU control system. For the faults occurring in the internal units of a controller, program debugger is employed to simulate software or hardware faults by varying the data; for the faults occurring in peripheral circuits, a circuit of fault-settings is employed to simulate hardware faults, i.e., open-/short-circuit and electrical level variation. This verification platform is applied to evaluate software measures to control the faults/errors in accordance with IEC60335/IEC60730/UL1998/CSA22.2.08, and a case of induction cooker is presented shows how it works. Experimental results show that the verification platform runs stably and accurately, and has a big value in practice.
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Teng, Jing, Changling Li, Yizhan Feng, Taoran Yang, Rong Zhou, and Quan Z. Sheng. "Adaptive Observer Based Fault Tolerant Control for Sensor and Actuator Faults in Wind Turbines." Sensors 21, no. 24 (2021): 8170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248170.
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The installed wind energy generation capacity has been increasing dramatically all over the world. However, most wind turbines are installed in hostile environments, where regular operation needs to be ensured by effective fault tolerant control methods. An adaptive observer-based fault tolerant control scheme is proposed in this article to address the sensor and actuator faults that usually occur on the core subsystems of wind turbines. The fast adaptive fault estimation (FAFE) algorithm is adopted in the adaptive observers to accurately and rapidly located the faults. Based on the states and faults estimated by the adaptive observers, the state feedback fault tolerant controllers are designed to stabilize the system and compensate for the faults. The gain matrices of the controllers are calculated by the pole placement method. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed fault tolerant control scheme with the FAFE algorithm stabilizes the faulty system effectively and performs better than the baseline on the benchmark model of wind turbines.
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Alsuwian, Turki, Umar Riaz, Arslan Ahmed Amin, Muhammad Bilal Qadir, Saleh Almasabi, and Mohammed Jalalah. "Hybrid Fault-Tolerant Control for Air-Fuel Ratio Control System of Internal Combustion Engine Using Fuzzy Logic and Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control Techniques." Energies 15, no. 19 (2022): 7010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197010.
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Safety and critical applications employ fault-tolerant control systems (FTCS) to increase reliability and availability in the event of a failure of critical components. Process facilities may employ these technologies to cut down on production losses caused by equipment failures that occur on an irregular or unscheduled basis. Air–fuel ratio (AFR) adjustment in the fuel system of internal combustion engines (ICE) is crucial for enhancing engine efficiency, saving fuel energy, and safeguarding the environment. This paper proposes a novel hybrid fault-tolerant control system (HFTCS) for controlling the AFR in ICEs that combines the features of both an active fault-tolerant control system (AFTCS) and a passive fault-tolerant control system (PFTCS). The fault detection and isolation (FDI) unit is designed using fuzzy logic (FL) as part of an AFTCS to give estimated sensor values to the engine controller when the sensor becomes faulty. Super-twisting sliding mode control (ST-SMC) is implemented as part of a PFTCS to maintain AFR by adjusting the throttle actuator in the fuel supply line under faulty conditions. Lyapunov stability analysis is also performed to make sure that the system remains stable in both normal and faulty conditions. According to the results in the Matlab/Simulink environment, the suggested system stays robust and stable during sensor faults. In faulty situations, it also maintains the AFR at 14.6 without any degradation, and a comparison with previous studies is carried out. The study shows that the suggested approach is an innovative and highly dependable solution for AFR control in ICEs, preventing engine shutdown and output loss for higher profitability.
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de Oca, Saúl, Vicenç Puig, Marcin Witczak, and Łukasz Dziekan. "Fault-tolerant control strategy for actuator faults using LPV techniques: Application to a two degree of freedom helicopter." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 22, no. 1 (2012): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-012-0012-y.
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Fault-tolerant control strategy for actuator faults using LPV techniques: Application to a two degree of freedom helicopter In this paper, a Fault Tolerant Control (FTC) strategy for Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) systems that can be used in the case of actuator faults is proposed. The idea of this FTC method is to adapt the faulty plant instead of adapting the controller to the faulty plant. This approach can be seen as a kind of virtual actuator. An integrated FTC design procedure for the fault identification and fault-tolerant control schemes using LPV techniques is provided as well. Fault identification is based on the use of an Unknown Input Observer (UIO). The FTC controller is implemented as a state feedback controller and designed using polytopic LPV techniques and Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) regions in such a way as to guarantee the closed-loop behavior in terms of several LMI constraints. To assess the performance of the proposed approach, a two degree of freedom helicopter is used.
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Rodrigues, Mickael, Didier Theilliol, Samir Aberkane, and Dominique Sauter. "Fault Tolerant Control Design For Polytopic LPV Systems." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 17, no. 1 (2007): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-007-0004-5.
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Fault Tolerant Control Design For Polytopic LPV SystemsThis paper deals with a Fault Tolerant Control (FTC) strategy for polytopic Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) systems. The main contribution consists in the design of a Static Output Feedback (SOF) dedicated to such systems in the presence of multiple actuator faults/failures. The controllers are synthesized through Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) in both fault-free and faulty cases in order to preserve the system closed-loop stability. Hence, this paper provides a new sufficient (but not necessary) condition for the solvability of the stabilizing output feedback control problem. An example illustrates the effectiveness and performances of the proposed FTC method.
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Wen, Jiayu, Yanguo Song, Huanjin Wang, Dong Han, and Changfa Yang. "Hybrid Adaptive Control for Tiltrotor Aircraft Flight Control Law Reconfiguration." Aerospace 10, no. 12 (2023): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10121001.
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Tiltrotor aircrafts have both fixed-wing control surfaces and helicopter rotors for attitude control. The redundancy of control surfaces provides the possibility for the control system to reconfigure the control law when actuator faults occur during flight. Possible actuator faults have been classified into two categories: predictable and unpredictable faults, and a different strategy has been adopted to deal with each kind of fault. Firstly, the predictable faults are handled by a multiple-model switching adaptive scheme. These kinds of faults are modeled, and their corresponding controllers are derived offline. Secondly, since the degree of drop in aerodynamic effectiveness cannot be predicted a priori, unpredictable faults are handled by a simple adaptive control scheme, to force the plant with faults to track the prescribed reference model. The presented methodology has been verified by nonlinear full-envelope flight simulation for both categories of actuator faults. The predictable fault is represented by the elevator floating. Elevator damage causing an aerodynamic effectiveness drop by 80% is chosen as the example of unpredictable fault. Both faults are simulated at the late stage of the tiltrotor conversion mode. Results show that the presented strategy of reconfiguration is able to detect the fault rapidly and stabilize the aircraft when a fault occurs, while the aircraft motion diverges without the reconfiguration scheme. The aircraft also presents a relatively good performance under controller reconfiguration with a well-tracked conversion path.
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Zhu, Qixin, Kaihong Lu, and Yonghong Zhu. "H∞ Guaranteed Cost Fault-Tolerant Control of Double-Fault Networked Control Systems: Piecewise Delay Method." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (January 3, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6348727.
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The term double-fault networked control system means that sensor faults and actuator faults may occur simultaneously in networked control systems. The issues of modelling and an H∞ guaranteed cost fault-tolerant control in a piecewise delay method for double-fault networked control systems are investigated. The time-varying properties of sensor faults and actuator faults are modelled as two time-varying and bounded parameters. Based on the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, an H∞ guaranteed cost fault-tolerant controller in a piecewise delay method is proposed to guarantee the reliability and stability for the double-fault networked control systems. Simulations are included to demonstrate the theoretical results of the proposed method.
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Sun, Tianang, Pak-Kin Wong, and Xiaozheng Wang. "Back Propagation Neural Network-Based Fault Diagnosis and Fault Tolerant Control of Distributed Drive Electric Vehicles Based on Sliding Mode Control-Based Direct Yaw Moment Control." Vehicles 6, no. 1 (2023): 93–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles6010004.
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Distributed-drive vehicles utilize independent drive motors on the four-wheel hubs. The working conditions of the wheel-hub motors are so harsh that the motors are prone to failing under different driving conditions. This study addresses the impact of drive motor faults on vehicle performance, particularly on slippery roads where sudden faults can lead to accidents. A fault-tolerant control system integrating motor fault diagnosis and a direct yaw moment control (DYC) based fault-tolerant controller are proposed to ensure the stability of the vehicle during various motor faults. Due to the difficulty of identifying the parameters of the popular permanent magnet synchronous wheel hub motors (PMSMs), the system employs a model-free backpropagation neural network (BPNN)-based fault detector. Turn-to-turn short circuits, open-phase faults, and diamagnetic faults are considered in this research. The fault detector is trained offline and utilizes rotor speed and phase currents for online fault detection. The system assigns the torque outputs from both healthy and faulted motors based on fault categories using sliding mode control (SMC)-based DYC. Simulations with four-wheel electric vehicle models demonstrate the accuracy of the fault detector and the effectiveness of the fault-tolerant controller. The proposed system is prospective and has potential for the development of distributed electric vehicles.
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Wang, Ban, Peng Huang, and Wei Zhang. "A Robust Fault-Tolerant Control for Quadrotor Helicopters against Sensor Faults and External Disturbances." Complexity 2021 (March 19, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6672812.
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This paper presents an active fault-tolerant control strategy for quadrotor helicopters to simultaneously accommodate sensor faults and external disturbances. Unlike most of the existing fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control schemes for quadrotor helicopters, the proposed fault diagnosis scheme is able to estimate sensor faults while eliminating the effect of external disturbances. Moreover, the proposed fault-tolerant control scheme is capable to eliminate the adverse effect of external disturbances as well by designing a disturbance observer to effectively estimate the unknown external disturbances and integrating with the designed integral sliding-mode controller. In this case, the continuous operation of the quadrotor helicopter is ensured while avoiding the unexpected control chattering. In addition, the stability of the closed-loop system is theoretically proved. Finally, the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed scheme are validated and demonstrated through comparative numerical simulations of the quadrotor helicopter under different faulty and uncertain scenarios.
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Grehan, Julianne, Dmitry Ignatyev, and Argyrios Zolotas. "Fault Detection in Aircraft Flight Control Actuators Using Support Vector Machines." Machines 11, no. 2 (2023): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11020211.
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Future generations of flight control systems, such as those for unmanned autonomous vehicles (UAVs), are likely to be more adaptive and intelligent to cope with the extra safety and reliability requirements due to pilotless operations. An efficient fault detection and isolation (FDI) system is paramount and should be capable of monitoring the health status of an aircraft. Historically, hardware redundancy techniques have been used to detect faults. However, duplicating the actuators in an UAV is not ideal due to the high cost and large mass of additional components. Fortunately, aircraft actuator faults can also be detected using analytical redundancy techniques. In this study, a data-driven algorithm using Support Vector Machine (SVM) is designed. The aircraft actuator fault investigated is the loss-of-effectiveness (LOE) fault. The aim of the fault detection algorithm is to classify the feature vector data into a nominal or faulty class based on the health of the actuator. The results show that the SVM algorithm detects the LOE fault almost instantly, with an average accuracy of 99%.
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Das, Partha Sarati, and Kyeong-Hwa Kim. "Open-Switch Fault-Tolerant Control of a Grid-Side Converter in a Wind Power Generation System." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 6, no. 2 (2015): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v6.i2.pp293-304.
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A fault-tolerant technique of a grid-side converter (GSC) is a very important task because the unbalanced grid power endangers the overall system. Since the GSC is very sensitive to grid disturbance, the complete system needs to be stopped suddenly once an open-switch fault occurs. To improve the reliability of system, the continuous operation should be guaranteed. In this paper, a redundant topology based fault-tolerant algorithm is proposed for a GSC in a wind power generation system. The proposed scheme consists of the fault detection and fault-tolerant algorithms. The fault detection algorithm employs the durations of positive and negaitive cycles of three-phase grid currents as well as normalized root mean square (RMS) currents. Once a fault is detected, the corresponding faulty phase is identified and isolated to enable the fault-tolerant operation. The faulty phase is replaced by redundant one rapidly to recover the original shape of the grid currents, which ensures the continuity in operation. In contrast with the conventional methods, the proposed fault detection and fault-tolerant algorithms work effectively even in the presence of the open faults in multiple switches in the GSC. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control algorithms.
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Morel, Cristina, Baptiste Le Gueux, Sébastien Rivero, and Saad Chahba. "Currents Analysis of a Brushless Motor with Inverter Faults—Part II: Diagnostic Method for Open-Circuit Fault Isolation." Actuators 12, no. 6 (2023): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12060230.
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In this paper, a brushless motor with a three-phase inverter is investigated under healthy and multiple open-circuit faults. The occurrence of faults in an inverter will lead to atypical characteristics in the current measurements. This is why many usual entropies and multiscale entropies have been proposed to evaluate the complexity of the output currents by quantifying such dynamic changes. Among this multitude of entropies, only some are able to differentiate between healthy and faulty open-circuit conditions. In addition, another selection is made between these entropies in order to improve diagnostic speed. After the fault detection based on the mean values, the open-circuit faults are localized based on the fault diagnostic method. The simulation results ensure the ability of these entropies to detect and locate open-circuit faults. Moreover, they are able to achieve fault diagnostics for a single switch, double switches, three switches, and even four switches. The diagnostic time to detect and to isolate faults is between 10.85 ms and 13.67 ms. Then, in order to prove the ability of the fault diagnostic method, a load variation is performed under the rated speed conditions of the brushless motor. The validity of the method is analyzed under different speed values for a constant torque. Finally, the fault diagnostic method is independent from power levels.
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Yang, Zhongyu, Mengna Li, Ziquan Yu, Yuehua Cheng, Guili Xu, and Youmin Zhang. "Fault Detection and Fault-Tolerant Cooperative Control of Multi-UAVs under Actuator Faults, Sensor Faults, and Wind Disturbances." Drones 7, no. 8 (2023): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7080503.
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Fault detection (FD) and fault-tolerant cooperative control (FTCC) strategies are proposed in this paper for multiple fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) under actuator faults, sensor faults, and wind disturbances. Firstly, the faulty model is introduced while the effectiveness loss, deviation of thrust throttle setting, and pitot sensor faults are considered. Secondly, the faulty UAV model with wind disturbances is linearized and the system is then converted into two subsystems by using state and output transformations. Further, cooperative unknown input observers (UIOs) are developed to estimate the faults, disturbances, and states. By combining with the observers’ estimations, adaptive thresholds are designed to detect actuator and sensor faults in the system. Then, considering state constraints, a backstepping-based FTCC scheme is proposed for multiple UAVs (multi-UAVs) suffering from actuator faults, sensor faults, and wind disturbances. It is shown by Lyapunov analysis that the tracking errors are fixed-time convergent. Finally, the effectiveness of the FD and FTCC scheme is verified by numerical simulation.
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Qi, Haiying, Yiran Shi, Yantao Tian, et al. "A new fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control method for mechanical and aeronautical systems with neural estimators." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 11 (2019): 168781401989165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019891659.
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A new method of fault detection and fault-tolerant control is proposed in this article for mechanical systems and aeronautical systems. The faults to be estimated and diagnosed are malfunctions that occurred within the control loops of the systems, rather than some static faults, such as gearbox fault, component cracks, and so on. In the proposed method, two neural networks are used as online estimators, the fault will be accurately estimated when the estimators are adapted online with the post-fault dynamic information. Furthermore, the estimated values of faults are used to compensate for the impact of the faults, so that the stability and performance of the system with the faults are maintained until the faulty components to be repaired. The sliding mode control is used to maintain system stability under the post-fault dynamics. The control law and the neural network learning algorithms are derived using the Lyapunov method, so that the neural estimators are guaranteed to converge to the fault to be diagnosed, while the entire closed-loop system stability is guaranteed with all variables bounded. The main contribution of this article to the knowledge in this field is that the proposed method can not only diagnose and tolerant with constant fault but also diagnose and tolerant with the time-varying faults. This is very important because most faults occurred in industrial systems are time varying in nature. A simulation example is used to demonstrate the design procedure and the effectiveness of the method. The simulation results are compared with the two existing methods that can cope with constant faults only, and the superiority is demonstrated.
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Chouiref, Houda, Boumedyen Boussaid, Mohamed Naceur Abdelkrim, Vicenç Puig, and Christophe Aubrun. "Integrated FDI/FTC approach for wind turbines using a LPV interval predictor subspace approach and virtual sensors/actuators." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 235, no. 6 (2021): 1527–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09576509211002080.
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In order to keep wind turbines connected and in operation at all times despite the occurrence of some faults, advanced fault detection and accommodation schemes are required. To achieve this goal, this paper proposes to use the Linear Parameter Varying approach to design an Active Fault Tolerant Control for wind turbines. This Active Fault Tolerant Control is integrated with a Fault Detection and Isolation approach. Fault detection is based on a Linear Parameter Varying interval predictor approach while fault isolation is based on analysing the residual fault signatures. To include fault-tolerance in the control system (already available in the considered wind turbine case study based on the well known SAFEPROCESS benchmark), the information of the Fault Detection and Isolation approach block is exploited and it is used in the implementation of a virtual actuator and sensor scheme. The proposed Active Fault Tolerant Control is evaluated using fault scenarios which are proposed in the wind turbine benchmark to assess its performance. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed Active Fault Tolerant Control approach in faulty situation.
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Wang, Ai-Min, Jian-Ning Li, and Xiao-Bin Xu. "Asynchronous Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Control for Networked Stochastic Unmanned Surface Vehicles with Multiple Types of Actuator Faults." Complexity 2020 (November 4, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8130601.
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This paper aims to design an asynchronous adaptive fault-tolerant controller for the networked stochastic unmanned surface vehicles (NSUSVs) subject to multiple types of actuator faults and external disturbance. The partial fault and bias fault of the actuator are taken into consideration simultaneously. By estimating online the unknown bias fault of the actuator and the external disturbances, the proposed adaptive fault-tolerant controller can automatically compensate for these impacts produced by actuator faults and external perturbation while preserving the uniformly ultimate boundedness of the solutions. Both the faulty actuator and the designed controller are asynchronous with the NSUSVs. Moreover, a mode-dependent adaptive event-triggered mechanism (AETM) is introduced in order to facilitate network resources utilization. Finally, the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed design scheme are verified by a numerical example.
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Cole, M. O. T., P. S. Keogh, and C. R. Burrows. "Fault-tolerant control of rotor/magnetic bearing systems using reconfigurable control with built-in fault detection." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 214, no. 12 (2000): 1445–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406001523416.
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Magnetic bearings now exist in a variety of industrial applications. However, there are still concerns over the control integrity of rotor/magnetic bearing systems and the ability of control systems to cope with possible faults that can occur during operation. Unless control systems can be developed that have the ability to maintain safe operation when the system is in a degraded or faulty state, then many, otherwise viable, magnetic bearing applications will remain unfulfilled. In this paper, a method is proposed for the design of a fault-tolerant control system that can detect and identify both incipient and sudden faults as and when they occur. A multivariable H∞ controller is reconfigured on occurrence of a fault so that stability and performance is maintained. A neural network is trained to identify faults associated with the system position transducer measurements so that the output from the neural network can be used as the decision tool for reconfiguring control. In this way, satisfactory control of the system can be maintained during failure of a control input. The method requires no knowledge of the system dynamics or system disturbances, and the network can be trained on-line. The validity of this method is demonstrated experimentally for various modes of sensor failure.
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Yu, Yinquan, Haixi Gao, Shaowei Zhou, et al. "Rotor Faults Diagnosis in PMSMs Based on Branch Current Analysis and Machine Learning." Actuators 12, no. 4 (2023): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12040145.
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To solve the problem that it is difficult to accurately identify the rotor eccentric fault, demagnetization fault and hybrid fault of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with a slot pole ratio of 3/2 and several times of it, this paper proposes a method to identify the rotor fault based on the combination of branch current analysis and a machine learning algorithm. First, the analysis of the electrical signal of the PMSM after various types of rotor faults shows that there are differences in the time domain of the electrical signal of the PMSM after three types of rotor faults. Considering the symmetry of the structure of the PMSM with a slot-pole ratio of 3/2 and its integer multiples, the changes in the time domain of the phase currents cancel each other after the fault, and the time domain fluctuations of the stator branch currents that do not cancel each other are chosen as the characteristics of the fault classification in this paper. Secondly, after signal preprocessing, feature factors are extracted and several fault feature factors with large differences are selected to construct feature vectors. Finally, a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of a support vector machine (SVM), and the GA-SVM model is constructed as a classifier for multifault classification of permanent magnet synchronous motors to classify these three types of faults. The fault classification results show that the proposed method using branch current signals combined with GA-SVM can effectively diagnose faulty PMSM.
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Yu, Ming, Chenyu Xiao, Hai Wang, Wuhua Jiang, and Rensheng Zhu. "Adaptive Cuckoo Search-Extreme Learning Machine Based Prognosis for Electric Scooter System under Intermittent Fault." Actuators 10, no. 11 (2021): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10110283.
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In this paper, an adaptive Cuckoo search extreme learning machine (ACS-ELM)-based prognosis method is developed for an electric scooter system with intermittent faults. Firstly, bond-graph-based fault detection and isolation is carried out to find possible faulty components in the electric scooter system. Secondly, submodels are decomposed from the global model using structural model decomposition, followed by adaptive Cuckoo search (ACS)-based distributed fault estimation with less computational burden. Then, as the intermittent fault gradually deteriorates in magnitude, and possesses the characteristics of discontinuity and stochasticity, a set of fault features that can describe the intermittent fault’s evolutionary trend are captured with the aid of tumbling window. With the obtained dataset, which represents the fault features, the ACS-ELM is developed to model the intermittent fault degradation trend and predict the remaining useful life of the intermittently faulty component when the physical degradation model is unavailable. In the ACS-ELM, the ACS is employed to optimize the input weights and hidden layer biases of an extreme learning machine, to improve the algorithm performance. Finally, the proposed methodologies are validated by a series of simulation and experiment results based on the electric scooter system.
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Shahzad, Ebrahim, Adnan Umar Khan, Muhammad Iqbal, et al. "Sensor Fault-Tolerant Control of Microgrid Using Robust Sliding-Mode Observer." Sensors 22, no. 7 (2022): 2524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072524.
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This work investigates sensor fault diagnostics and fault-tolerant control for a voltage source converter based microgrid (model) using a sliding-mode observer. It aims to provide a diagnosis of multiple faults (i.e., magnitude, phase, and harmonics) occurring simultaneously or individually in current/potential transformers. A modified algorithm based on convex optimization is used to determine the gains of the sliding-mode observer, which utilizes the feasibility optimization or trace minimization of a Ricatti equation-based modification of H-Infinity (H∞) constrained linear matrix inequalities. The fault and disturbance estimation method is modified and improved with some corrections in previous works. The stability and finite-time reachability of the observers are also presented for the considered faulty and perturbed microgrid system. A proportional-integral (PI) based control is utilized for the conventional regulations required for frequency and voltage sags occurring in a microgrid. However, the same control block features fault-tolerant control (FTC) functionality. It is attained by incorporating a sliding-mode observer to reconstruct the faults of sensors (transformers), which are fed to the control block after correction. Simulation-based analysis is performed by presenting the results of state/output estimation, state/output estimation errors, fault reconstruction, estimated disturbances, and fault-tolerant control performance. Simulations are performed for sinusoidal, constant, linearly increasing, intermittent, sawtooth, and random sort of often occurring sensor faults. However, this paper includes results for the sinusoidal nature voltage/current sensor (transformer) fault and a linearly increasing type of fault, whereas the remaining results are part of the supplementary data file. The comparison analysis is performed in terms of observer gains being estimated by previously used techniques as compared to the proposed modified approach. It also includes the comparison of the voltage-frequency control implemented with and without the incorporation of the used observer based fault estimation and corrections, in the control block. The faults here are considered for voltage/current sensor transformers, but the approach works for a wide range of sensors.
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Van Nguyen, Tan, Huy Q. Tran, and Khoa Dang Nguyen. "Robust Control Optimization Based on Actuator Fault and Sensor Fault Compensation for Mini Motion Package Electro-Hydraulic Actuator." Electronics 10, no. 22 (2021): 2774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10222774.
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In recent years, electro-hydraulic systems have been widely used in many industries and have attracted research attention because of their outstanding characteristics such as power, accuracy, efficiency, and ease of maintenance. However, such systems face serious problems caused simultaneously by disturbances, internal leakage fault, sensor fault, and dynamic uncertain equation components, which make the system unstable and unsafe. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on the estimation of system fault and uncertainties with the aid of advanced fault compensation techniques. First, we design a sliding mode observer using the Lyapunov algorithm to estimate actuator faults that produce not only internal leakage fault but also disturbances or unknown input uncertainties. These faults occur under the effect of payload variations and unknown friction nonlinearities. Second, Lyapunov analysis-based unknown input observer model is designed to estimate sensor faults arising from sensor noises and faults. Third, to minimize the estimated faults, a combination of actuator and sensor compensation fault is proposed, in which the compensation process is performed due to the difference between the output signal and its estimation. Finally, the numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method obtained under various faulty scenarios. The simulation results show that the efficiency of the proposed solution is better than the traditional PID controller and the sensor fault compensation method, despite the influence of noises.
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Zhang, Danqing, Binbin Xiang, Aili Yusup, Na Wang, and Guljaina Kazezkhan. "Fault Tolerance for Active Surface System with Actuator Faults." Advances in Astronomy 2021 (February 26, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6675846.
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The QiTai Radio Telescope (QTT) will be equipped with the active surface adjustment system (ASAS) to correct the main reflector deformation caused by environmental loading. In order to guarantee the stability and performance of the active surface system under fault conditions, it is necessary to adopt the fault-tolerant method when actuator faults have occurred. In this paper, a fault control method based on actuator faults weighting is proposed to solve the active surface fault control problem. According to the coordinates of the adjustable points of the panels corresponding to the faulty actuators, a new paraboloid is fitted by a weighted health matrix, and the fitting surface is taken as the target to adjust the surface shape.
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Tudón-Martínez, Juan C., and Ruben Morales-Menendez. "Adaptive Vibration Control System for MR Damper Faults." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/163694.
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Several methods have been proposed to estimate the force of a semiactive damper, particularly of amagnetorheologicaldamper because of its importance in automotive and civil engineering. Usually, all models have been proposed assuming experimental data in nominal operating conditions and some of them are estimated for control purposes. Because dampers are prone to fail, fault estimation is useful to design adaptive vibration controllers to accommodate the malfunction in the suspension system. This paper deals with the diagnosis and estimation of faults in an automotivemagnetorheologicaldamper. A robust LPV observer is proposed to estimate the lack of force caused by a damper leakage in a vehicle corner. Once the faulty damper is isolated in the vehicle and the fault is estimated, anAdaptive Vibration Control Systemis proposed to reduce the fault effect using compensation forces from the remaining healthy dampers. To fulfill the semiactive damper constraints in the fault adaptation, an LPV controller is designed for vehicle comfort and road holding. Simulation results show that the fault observer has good performance with robustness to noise and road disturbances and the proposed AVCS improves the comfort up to 24% with respect to a controlled suspension without fault tolerance features.
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Qiao, Jianzhong, and Lei Guo. "Antidisturbance Fault Tolerant Control of Attitude Control Systems for Microsatellite with Unknown Input Delay." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/804754.
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The antidisturbance fault tolerant control problem of attitude control systems for microsatellite is investigated in the presence of unknown input delay, stuck faults from the reaction wheel and the multiple disturbances. The multiple disturbances are supposed to include the vibration disturbance torque from the reaction wheel and modeling uncertainties. The fault diagnosis observer and disturbance observer are constructed to estimate stuck faults and vibration disturbance torque from the reaction wheel, respectively. A composite fault tolerant controller is designed by combining a PID controller, the fault accommodation estimation based on the fault diagnosis observer, and the disturbance compensator based on the disturbance observer. The controller and observer gains can be easily obtained via a set of linear matrix inequalities. Simulation results are given to show that the faults can be accommodated readily, and the disturbances can be rejected and attenuated simultaneously.
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Zhou, Jun, Xin Li, Rui Liu, and Yingying Liu. "Active fault-tolerant satellite attitude control based on fault effect classification." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 231, no. 10 (2016): 1917–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410016662487.
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An active fault-tolerant satellite attitude control scheme based on fault effect classification is presented at the occurrence of faults associated with torques. In this paper, the flexibility and practicability of the fault-tolerant scheme are top priorities. Faults are modeled and divided into additive and multiplicative ones in order to estimate and deal with them specifically and exactly. The additive faults, including additive part of flywheel faults and other uncertain fault torques, are estimated by additive fault estimator and compensated on the basis of nominal controller, whereas the multiplicative faults, denoting torque gain parameter faults of flywheels, are estimated by multiplicative fault estimator and the estimated fault parameters are used for dynamic torque command distribution of flywheels. The final simulation examples and performance comparison of three fault-tolerant schemes show that the proposed scheme based on fault effect classification is an effective, flexible and saving-energy fault-tolerant satellite attitude control scheme. It possesses an engineering value for improving reliability and prolonging on-orbit working lifetime of satellites.
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He, Ao, Yinong Zhang, Huimin Zhao, Ban Wang, and Zhenghong Gao. "Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Control of a Hybrid VTOL UAV against Actuator Faults and Model Uncertainties under Fixed-Wing Mode." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2022 (January 10, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8191154.
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This paper proposes an adaptive fault-tolerant control strategy for a hybrid vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to simultaneously compensate actuator faults and model uncertainties. With the proposed adaptive control schemes, both actuator faults and model uncertainties can be accommodated without the knowledge of fault information and uncertainty bounds. The proposed control scheme is constructed with two separate control modules. The low-level control allocation module is used to distribute the virtual control signals among the available redundant actuators. The high-level control module is constructed with an adaptive sliding mode controller, which is employed to maintain the overall system tracking performance in both faulty and uncertain conditions. In the case of actuator faults and model uncertainties, the adaptive scheme will be triggered to generate more virtual control signals to compensate the virtual control error and maintain the desired system tracking performance. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is validated through comparative simulation tests under different faulty and uncertain scenarios.
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Wang, Hongju, Qiliang Bao, Wenshu Yang, Zidong Liu, and Jing Tian. "Sensor Fault Tolerant Control of a Fast Steering Mirror System Using Adaptive PI-Based Sliding Mode Observer and Hardware Redundancy." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/918456.
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The aim of this paper is to present a sensor fault-tolerant control (FTC) scheme for a two-axis fast steering mirror (FSM) system with minimum power consumption and without changing the controller structure. In this paper, an adaptive PI-based sliding mode observer (APISMO) is adopted firstly to estimate the fault signal, which does not require any prior knowledge of the fault. The estimation is then used by the fault isolation logic to identify the fault. The redundant sensor would be powered up to replace the faulty one when faults occur. During the backup sensor booting up, for maintaining the normal performance of the closed-loop system approximately, a fault-free estimation of the position provided by the APISMO is used as feedback signal. Experimental studies on a prototype system show that the proposed APISMO can effectively reconstruct the fault signals even when the two primary position sensors are faulty simultaneously. Meanwhile, the effectiveness and performance of the proposed scheme have been verified.
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Łuczak, Dominik, Stefan Brock, and Krzysztof Siembab. "Fault Detection and Localisation of a Three-Phase Inverter with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Load Using a Convolutional Neural Network." Actuators 12, no. 3 (2023): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12030125.
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Fault-tolerant control of a three-phase inverter can be achieved by performing a hardware reconfiguration of the six-switch and three-phase (6S3P) topology to the four-switch and three-phase (4S3P) topology after detection and localisation of the faulty phase. Together with hardware reconfiguration, the SVPWM algorithm must be appropriately modified to handle the new 4S3P topology. The presented study focuses on diagnosing three-phase faults in two steps: fault detection and localisation. Fault detection is needed to recognise the healthy or unhealthy state of the inverter. The binary state recognition problem can be solved by preparing a feature vector that is calculated from phase currents (ia, ib, and ic) in the time and frequency domains. After the fault diagnosis system recognises the unhealthy state, it investigates the signals to localise which phase of the inverter is faulty. The multiclass classification was solved by a transformation of the three-phase currents into a single RGB image and by training a convolutional neural network. The proposed methodology for the diagnosis of three-phase inverters was tested based on a simulation model representing a laboratory test bench. After the learning process, fault detection was possible based on a 128-sample window (corresponding to a time of 0.64 ms) with an accuracy of 99 percent. In the next step, the localisation of selected individual faults was performed on the basis of a 256-sample window (corresponding to a time of 1.28 ms) with an accuracy of 100 percent.
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Jeyasenthil, R., Yang-Sup Lee, and Seung-Bok Choi. "A New Scheduling Quantitative Feedback Theory-Based Controller Integrated with Fault Detection for Effective Vibration Control." Shock and Vibration 2019 (May 7, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3818539.
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In this work, a new integrated fault detection and control (IFDC) method is presented for single-input/single-output systems (SISOs). The idea is centered on comparing the closed-loop output between the faulty system and fault-free one to schedule/switch the feedback control once the fault occurs. The problem addressed in this work is the output disturbance rejection. The set of feedback controllers are designed using quantitative feedback theory (QFT) for fault-free and faulty systems. In the context of QFT-based IFDC, the proposed active approach is novel, simple, and easy to implement from an engineering point of view. The efficiency of the proposed method is assessed on a flexible smart structure system featuring a piezoelectric actuator. The actuator and sensor faults considered are the multiplicative type with both fixed and time-varying magnitudes. In the fixed magnitude fault case, the actuator/sensor output delivering capability is reduced by 50% (multiplying a factor of 0.5 to its actual output), while in the time-varying magnitude case, it becomes 60% to 50% for a particular time interval. In both cases, the proposed control method identifies the fault and activates the required controller to satisfy the specification with less control effort as opposed to the passive QFT design featured by faulty system design alone.
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Liu, Jing, Yi Xin Zhao, Zhi Yang, and Xiao Jun Wu. "A Fault Tolerant Control for Networked Control System with Continuous Fault Estimation." Advanced Materials Research 898 (February 2014): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.898.629.
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In this paper, controlled plant with random fault in real-time operation is discussed. In order to ensure the continuous stability of the system and asymptotic convergence, a new fault tolerant control (FTC) of networked control system (NCS) with fault state feedback is designed by extended state observer (ESO). This scheme of FTC owns the ability to continuously track the uncertainty faults and unknown inputs. Experiment results verify the effectiveness of this method.
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Roshanravan, Sajad, and Saeed Shamaghdari. "Simultaneous fault detection and isolation and fault-tolerant control using supervisory control technique: asynchronous switching approach." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 234, no. 8 (2019): 900–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651819893891.
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This article focuses on the design of a novel active fault-tolerant control scheme based on supervisory control technique for a class of nonlinear systems. This framework relies on a supervisory switching among a finite family of predesigned candidate controllers, which simultaneously performs isolation and accommodation of intermittent faults. This method does not require any additional model or filter bank for fault isolation. Two controller switching algorithms are introduced based on the dwell time and state which are designed especially for this purpose. There is often some time delay between fault occurrence and accommodation. This delay, which is called as the fault detection and isolation delay, causes the asynchronous switching between the system mode and the candidate controller. For the investigation of the stability of the faulty system under asynchronous switching, we explicitly construct piecewise Lyapunov function based on the knowledge of the known Lyapunov function for each operating mode. Then, by using this piecewise Lyapunov function, a new average dwell-time condition is provided on the maximum admissible fault occurrence rate. This condition guarantees the input-to-state stability of the system with respect to the reference signal. The behavior and performance of the proposed fault-tolerant control/fault detection and isolation scheme are demonstrated on the pitch-axis air vehicle model. The hardware-in-the-loop simulation is an important test for the evaluation of the air vehicle autopilot system before flight test. Therefore, the hardware-in-the-loop simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in the autopilot control loop.
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Ichalal, Dalil, Benoît Marx, José Ragot, and Didier Maquin. "New fault tolerant control strategies for nonlinear Takagi-Sugeno systems." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 22, no. 1 (2012): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-012-0015-8.
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New fault tolerant control strategies for nonlinear Takagi-Sugeno systemsNew methodologies for Fault Tolerant Control (FTC) are proposed in order to compensate actuator faults in nonlinear systems. These approaches are based on the representation of the nonlinear system by a Takagi-Sugeno model. Two control laws are proposed requiring simultaneous estimation of the system states and of the occurring actuator faults. The first approach concerns the stabilization problem in the presence of actuator faults. In the second, the system state is forced to track a reference trajectory even in faulty situation. The control performance depends on the estimation quality; indeed, it is important to accurately and rapidly estimate the states and the faults. This task is then performed with an Adaptive Fast State and Fault Observer (AFSFO) for the first case, and a Proportional-Integral Observer (PIO) in the second. Stability conditions are established with Lyapunov theory and expressed in a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) formulation to ease the design of FTC. Furthermore, relaxed stability conditions are given with the use of Polya's theorem. Some simulation examples are given in order to illustrate the proposed approaches.
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Zhao, ShiLei, Hong Guo, and YuPeng Liu. "Fault Tolerant Control for Uncertain Time-Delay Systems with a Trajectory Tracking Approach." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/297985.
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This paper studies the problem of fault tolerant control by trajectory tracking for a class of linear constant time-delay systems. The aim is to design a control law by considering the fault detected by the observer to make the faulty system track the reference model even if faults occur. By considering two kinds of actuator faults, one constant and another time-varying, the corresponding proportional integral observers and active FTC control laws are designed, respectively. State tracking error, state estimation error, output estimation error, and fault estimation error are combined into a descriptor system. Based on Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional approach stability problems of the descriptor system are easily solved in terms of the Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI). Finally, a numerical example is considered to prove the effectiveness in both cases.
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Kang, Zhuang, and Li Zhang. "Fault diagnostic research on the MMC output current sensors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2849, no. 1 (2024): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2849/1/012036.
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Abstract The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has been extensively studied, and sensors are an important part of the MMC control link. However, few diagnostic methods exist to study the diagnosis of sensor faults in MMCs. This paper proposes a fault diagnosis strategy for output sensors in MMCs, which can complete the detection and localization of the faulty output current sensor. According to the operating principle and mathematical model of MMC, the fault mechanism and fault feature are analyzed. Secondly, the fault diagnosis method is designed according to the fault characteristics. Finally, simulation results show that the strategy proposed in this paper can accurately diagnose faults.
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Soliman, Hisham M., Ehab H. E. Bayoumi, Farag A. El-Sheikhi, and Michele De Santis. "Decentralized Sensor Fault-Tolerant Control of DC Microgrids Using the Attracting Ellipsoid Method." Sensors 23, no. 16 (2023): 7160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23167160.
Full textAbstract:
System stability deterioration in microgrids commonly occurs due to unpredictable faults and equipment malfunctions. Recently, robust control techniques have been used in microgrid systems to address these difficulties. In this paper, for DC-islanded microgrids that have sensors faults, a new passive fault-tolerant control strategy is developed. The suggested approach can be used to maintain system stability in the presence of flaws, such as faulty actuators and sensors, as well as component failures. The suggested control is effective when the fault is never recognized (or when the fault is not being precisely known, and some ambiguity in the fault may be interpreted as uncertainty in the system’s dynamics following the fault). The design is built around a derived sufficient condition in the context of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and the attractive ellipsoid technique. The ellipsoidal stabilization idea is to bring the state trajectories into a small region including the origin (an ellipsoid with minimum volume) and the trajectories will not leave the ellipsoid for the future time. Finally, computational studies on a DC microgrid system are carried out to assess the effectiveness of the proposed fault-tolerant control approach. When compared with previous studies, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control technique can significantly enhance the reliability and efficiency of DC microgrid systems.