Journal articles: 'Flooding in Accra'

1

Amoako, Clifford, and E. Frimpong Boamah. "The three-dimensional causes of flooding in Accra, Ghana." International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development 7, no. 1 (December 4, 2014): 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19463138.2014.984720.

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Amoako, Clifford, and Daniel Kweku Baah Inkoom. "The production of flood vulnerability in Accra, Ghana: Re-thinking flooding and informal urbanisation." Urban Studies 55, no. 13 (January 24, 2017): 2903–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016686526.

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To date, understandings of flood vulnerability in African cities have been conceptually and practically limited. A dominant focus on the geophysical and biophysical causes of flood events restricts the analyses to the source of flood events and does not pay critical attention to the internal actors, dynamics and processes of informal urbanisation where the burden of flood impacts usually fall. This paper challenges these analyses by approaching the problem of flood vulnerability through an understanding of informal urbanisation. The study is based on experiences from selected informal communities in Accra, Ghana. Drawing on mixed qualitative methods including community focus group discussions, hazard victims’ interviews and institutional consultations/surveys, the study reveals that flood vulnerability in informal settlements has co-evolved with the dynamics of informal urbanisation and dwelling processes. The paper therefore makes a case for a re-look at the epistemology and ontology of urban flooding in rapidly and informally urbanising areas in the Global South.

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Aboagye, Dacosta, Elvis Attakora-Amaniampong, and Ebenezer Owusu-Sekyere. "Place-Based Assessment of Intersection of Biophysical and Social Vulnerability to Flooding in Accra, Ghana." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 11, no. 1 (January 2020): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2020010104.

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The relationship between flood hazards and social vulnerability is firmly on the intellectual agenda of geographers in Ghana. In an attempt to theorize and empirically examine this relationship, scholars have commonly followed a one-sided methodological strand. In this article, a triple-helix approach that relies on the application of social vulnerability index; mapping potential flood hazard zones; and examining degree of coincidence between flood hazards and social vulnerability, is used. Situating the analysis within Hazards-of-Place Model of Vulnerability, the study identifies spatial disparities in biophysical and social vulnerability within the City. It emerged that communities in the Ashiedu Keteke sub-metro were the most vulnerable based on the hazards-of-place model. Significantly, while flood risk awareness was very high among community members, the perception of flood risk management was poor. The study argues that understanding place-based vulnerability is crucial in mitigating the effect of hazards and building resilient communities.

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Abeka, Emmanuel, Felix A. Asante, Wolfram Laube, and Samuel N. A. Codjoe. "Contested causes of flooding in poor urban areas in Accra, Ghana: an actor-oriented perspective." Environment, Development and Sustainability 22, no. 4 (February 25, 2019): 3033–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00333-4.

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Oteng-Ababio, Martin. "“Guilty with explanation”: rethinking the destiny of landfills in a Millennium City in Ghana." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 25, no. 2 (March 4, 2014): 200–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-11-2012-0074.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to interrogate the fate of landfills as waste disposal option in Accra. This becomes imperative since for a long time, efficient disposal of waste remains a neglected issue and potential source environmental hazard. Design/methodology/approach – The study adopted content analysis of literature, in-depth interview schedules with key stakeholders and direct field observations. Findings – Landfills in Accra are in a state of ambivalence due to mismanagement. Improper designing and siting of dumpsites, often in close proximity to water sources and human settlements have created aesthetic and odour nuisances and increase health risks, attracting the wrath, disaffection and distrust of residents. Research limitations/implications – The study provides an insight into broader issues of landfills and demonstrates Accra's vulnerability to health hazard due to improper waste disposal, which becomes apparent with the least downpour and the subsequent flooding which exposes most drains as de facto receptacles for waste. Practical implications – From all indications, Accra appears to be on the brink of a landfill void. Though this issue has been an open secret since 2000, it remains unattended to till date and calls for an immediate, well-planned and concerted attention. Originality/value – This paper adopts qualitative research techniques to delve into a subject matter whose implication has citywide consequences. The method allows for in-depth assessment of the intent and commitment of all key stakeholders, which brings to the fore that landfills will no longer be the cheapest or simplest waste disposal option.

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Owusu, Alex Barimah, and Mathias Agbozo. "Application of Geographic Information Systems for Flood Risk Analysis: A Case Study from Accra Metropolitan Area." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pesd-2019-0007.

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Abstract The main objective of the study was to identify high flood risk zones in AMA. The study also used questionnaires to assess local knowledge on what accounts for the high flood risk in their community. Spatial analysis techniques were used to model flood risk based on the following contributory factors; land cover, soil, drainage density, topography and proximity to rivers. The results show that high flood risk areas covered 46.3km2(20%), moderate risk area, 72.9km2(31.6%), low risk area 41.5km2(18%) and very low risk areas, about 6.7km2(2.9%). The high flood risk zones were low-lying areas below 50 meters above sea level and closely associated with poor drainage systems. People perceived not just low-lying areas as a paramount reason accounting for flooding but also very bad waste disposal habit of the public. These offsets the efforts of waste management companies to keep drains free of refuse.

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Amoako, Clifford. "Brutal presence or convenient absence: The role of the state in the politics of flooding in informal Accra, Ghana." Geoforum 77 (December 2016): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.10.003.

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Abu, Mumuni, and Samuel Codjoe. "Experience and Future Perceived Risk of Floods and Diarrheal Disease in Urban Poor Communities in Accra, Ghana." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 2830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122830.

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Diarrheal disease is a critical health condition in urban areas of developing countries due to increasing urbanization and its associated problems of sanitation and poor access to good drinking water. Increasing floods in cities have been linked to the risk of diarrheal disease. There are few studies that specifically link flooding with diarrhea diseases. This may be due to the fact that secondary data mainly hospital recorded cases, and not individual cases at the household level are used. Furthermore, of the few papers that consider the flood-diarrheal diseases nexus, none have considered risk perceptions in general, and more specifically, whether households that have experienced floods which resulted in a reported case of diarrhea, have higher perceived risks of future occurrences of the two phenomena compared to households that had different experiences. Yet, this is critical for the development of interventions that seek to increase protective behaviors and reduce the risk of contracting diarrhea. We surveyed 401 households in some selected urban poor communities in Accra, the capital of Ghana. Results show that households that experienced floods which resulted in a reported case of diarrhea, have higher perceived risk of future occurrence of the two phenomena compared to other households. We recommend public education that reduces the risk of exposure to flood and diarrhea through flood mitigation measures, including the construction of drains in communities and educating communities on good sanitation.

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Apriati, Yuli, Laila Azkia, and Alfisyah Alfisyah. "Upaya Meningkatkan Kepedulian Siswa MIN 5 Barito Kuala Terhadap Lingkungan Hidup Melalui Edukasi Lingkungan." Bubungan Tinggi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 3, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/btjpm.v3i2.3381.

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Pengabdian kepada masyarakat tentang upaya meningkatkan kepedulian siswa MIN 5 Barito Kuala terhadap lingkungan hidup, khususnya di daerah bantaran sungai di Desa Sungai Kali. Hal ini merupakan salah satu bentuk kepedulian tim pengabdian dari Pendidikan Sosiologi ULM akan permasalahan lingkungan yang semakin tidak terkendali. Melalui kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat membentuk jiwa-jiwa yang peduli terhadap lingkungan. Dimulai dari siswa-siswa kelas empat, lima dan enam sebagai agen perubahan. Media yang dilakukan dalam pengabdian ini melalui kampanye lingkungan lewat lagu dan gerak, karena media ini mudah untuk dicerna dan disukai anak-anak. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan dalam membentuk pola pikir dan meningkatkan kepedulian siswa Sekolah Dasar untuk lebih mencintai lingkungan. Sasaran utama dalam pengabdian ini adalah siswa-siswi kelas empat, lima dan enam. Seluruh peserta terdiri dari 49 anak, yaitu 16 anak dari kelas empat, 17 anak dari kelas lima, dan 16 anak dari kelas enam. Pelaksanaan kegiatan dimulai dengan sosialisasi pentingnya kebersihan lingkungan, pengenalan dan penggolongan jenis sampah, serta cara memanfaatkannya. Selanjutnya pada sesi akhir acara ditutup dengan kampanye lingkungan melalui lagu tentang lingkungan dari Ghea dan Ghia dengan judul Jaga Bumi dan lagu anak dengan judul Mari Berkebun. Pada akhir acara ditutup dengan praktek kerja melalui penanaman pohon rambutan dan jeruk di sekitar sekolah, sebagai upaya pencegahan banjir. Semua peserta sangat antusias dan tertarik mengikuti kegiatan dari awal sampai akhir acara. Community Services on efforts to raise awareness of students min 5Barito Kuala on the environment, especially in riverbank areas in Sungai Kali Village.One form of the dedicated team from ULM Sociology Education about environmental problems that increasingly out of control. Through this activity, it is hoped that it can form souls who care about the environment —starting from the fourth, fifth and sixth-grade students as agents of change. The media carried out in this service is through environmental campaigns through songs and movements because these media are easy to digest and are liked by children. Community Service Event aims to form a mindset and raise awareness of elementary school students to love the environment. The main target of this service is the fourth, fifth and sixth-grade students. All participants consisted of 49 children, 16 children from the fourth grade, 17 children from the fifth grade, and 16 children from the sixth grade. The implementation of activities begins with the socialization of the importance of environmental cleanliness, introduction and classification of types of waste, and how to use them. Then at the end of the session, the event was closed with an environmental campaign through a song about the environment from Ghea and Ghia with the title Jaga Bumi and a children's song entitled Mari Berkebun. At the end of the event, it was closed with practical work by planting rambutan and orange trees around the school to prevent flooding. All participants were very enthusiastic and interested in participating in the activity from the beginning to the end.

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Zhou, Peiguo, Meshack Appiah Ofori, Abdul hakim Jamshidi, Collins Oduro, Isaac Sarfo, and Zongbiao Dai. "Review on Connecting the Complex Dots of Environmental Problems in Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) of Ghana." Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International, September 3, 2021, 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2021/v25i730298.

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For years, Accra has been facing huge environmental challenges. Efficient policy frameworks coupled with prudent urban management are deemed as reasonable balance to environmental benefits. Research reveals urban areas in Ghana are confronted with the rapid loss of natural resources as urbanization increases. This synthesis report examines the ramifications of major issues faced by the Greater Accra region based on existing literature by (i) highlighting contemporary environmental problems in Accra (ii) probing into human-induced and natural factors that alterate environmental harmony in the study area (iii) discussing measures on safeguarding the environment through a sustainable approach in Accra, and (iv) presenting policy implications of environmental problems in Accra. Findings indicated urbanization, poverty and inappropriate urban planning systems influence environmental degradation in the study domain. Anthropogenic activities such as pollution and natural hazards like: flooding, drought and windstorms events have altered the physical properties of Accra. This paper reveals the assumption and execution of values to safeguard environmental resources in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area.

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11

Gaisie, Eric, Albert Adu-Gyamfi, and Justice Kufour Owusu-Ansah. "Gender and household resilience to flooding in informal settlements in Accra, Ghana." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, June 17, 2021, 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2021.1930522.

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12

Appeaning Addo, Kwasi, and Michael Adeyemi. "Assessing the impact of sea-level rise on a vulnerable coastal community in Accra, Ghana." Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 5, no. 1 (March 12, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v5i1.60.

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Climate change and its associated sea-level rise are expected to significantly affect vulnerable coastal communities. Although the extent of the impact will be localised, its assessment will adopt a monitoring approach that applies globally. The topography of the beach, the type of geological material and the level of human intervention will determine the extent of the area to be flooded and the rate at which the shoreline will move inland. Gleefe, a coastal community in Ghana, has experienced frequent flooding in recent times due to the increasing occurrence of storm surge and sea-level rise. This study used available geospatial data and field measurements to determine how the beach topography has contributed to the incidence of flooding at Gleefe. The topography is generally low-lying. Sections of the beach have elevations of around 1 m, which allows seawater to move inland during very high tide. Accelerated sea-level rise as predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) will destroy homes of the inhabitants and inundate the Densu wetlands behind the beach. Destruction of infrastructure will render the inhabitants homeless, whilst flooding of the wetlands will destroy the habitats of migratory birds and some endangered wildlife species such as marine turtle. Effective adaptation measures should be adopted to protect this very important coastal environment, the ecology of the wetlands and the livelihoods of the community dwellers.

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13

Dekongmen, Benjamin Wullobayi, Amos Tiereyangn Kabo-bah, Martin Kyereh Domfeh, Emmanuel Daanoba Sunkari, Yihun Taddele Dile, Eric Ofosu Antwi, and Rita Akosua Anima Gyimah. "Flood vulnerability assessment in the Accra Metropolis, southeastern Ghana." Applied Water Science 11, no. 7 (July 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13201-021-01463-9.

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AbstractFloods in Ghana have become a perennial challenge in the major cities and communities located in low-lying areas. Therefore, cities and communities located in these areas have been classified as potential or natural flood-prone zones. In this study, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the Accra Metropolis was used to assess the drainage density and elevation patterns of the area. The annual population estimation data and flood damages were assessed to understand the damages and population trend. This research focused primarily on the elevation patterns, slope patterns, and drainage density of the Accra Metropolis. Very high drainage density values, which range between 149 and 1117 m/m2, showed very high runoff converging areas. High drainage density was also found to be in the range of 1117–1702 m/m2, which defined the area as a high runoff converging point. The medium and low converging points of runoff were also found to be ranging between 1702–2563 m/m2 and 2563–4070 m/m2, respectively. About 32% of the study area is covered by natural flood-prone zones, whereas flood-prone zones also covered 33% and frequent flood zones represent 25%. Areas in the Accra Metropolis that fall in the Accraian and Togo series rock types experience high floods. However, the lineament networks (geological structures) that dominate the Dahomeyan series imply that the geological structures in the Dahomeyan series also channel the runoffs into the low-lying areas, thereby contributing to the perennial flooding in the Accra Metropolis.

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Kayaga, Sam M., Ebenezer F. Amankwaa, Katherine V. Gough, Rob L. Wilby, Mercy A. Abarike, Samuel N. A. Codjoe, Raymond Kasei, et al. "Cities and extreme weather events: impacts of flooding and extreme heat on water and electricity services in Ghana." Environment and Urbanization, September 19, 2020, 095624782095203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247820952030.

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Extreme weather events disproportionately affect residents of low-income urban settlements in the global South. This paper explores the impacts of extreme heat and flooding on water and electricity services in Accra and Tamale, Ghana. Interviews with water/electricity providers and water quality analysis are combined with household interviews, focus group discussions and observations conducted in eight low-income urban settlements. The findings highlight the interconnected nature of service provision during extreme weather events, with challenges in one sector reinforcing problems in another, exacerbating difficulties with access. Although households can utilize rainwater during flooding, it is highly susceptible to faecal contamination, and electricity supplies are often disconnected. During extreme heat, demand for water and electricity outstrips supply, leading to severe shortages, especially in Tamale. Water and electricity service providers should consider their interconnected nature and adopt a joined-up approach to cope with extreme weather events, which are predicted to increase with climate change.

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15

Plänitz, Erik. "Natural Disasters and Political Disorder: Why Urban Flooding Turns Violent. Applying a Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis." Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 26, no. 2 (February 24, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/peps-2019-0046.

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AbstractUnder what circumstances does a flood contribute to political disorder in Sub-Saharan Africa? Why has Accra experienced post-flood disorder and Abidjan not? This paper sheds light on the question: Why do some cities in Sub-Saharan Africa experience post-flood disorder while others do not? Given the expected urban population growth across Africa, its implications for the local infrastructure and climate-related changes in precipitation, this paper assumes that patterns of urban political disorder respond to those conditions in times of disasters. This contribution makes the argument that it is the socio-economic and political context that matters in the development of post-flood-related disorder. A conceptual framework is introduced that includes the role of contextual factors on the pathway from disasters to post-flood disorder. Drawing on that model, a Qualitative Comparative Analysis of 26 cases in Sub-Saharan Africa is used to test three scenarios. It suggests that a prompt post-flood response does not prevent the onset of disorder, but indeed proves to be a condition linked to the development of hostilities. The analysis found evidence that disorder occurred in cases that were marked by rapid political response to the flood. The study also unveiled the significant role of the areas that were flooded. If the flood predominantly hit marginalized neighborhoods, the likelihood of disorder increased. In contrast, the mere existence of a youth bulge or rapid urbanization per se seems to have a negligible impact on the development of unrest.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Flooding in Accra'

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