Relevant bibliographies by topics / Flow visualisation experiments

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Flow visualisation experiments'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Flow visualisation experiments"

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Scobie, James A., Carl M. Sangan, and Gary D. Lock. "Flow Visualisation Experiments on Sports Balls." Procedia Engineering 72 (2014): 738–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.06.125.

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Coat, C. A., and G. D. Lock. "Flow visualisation experiments for turbine film cooling." Aeronautical Journal 108, no. 1086 (August 2004): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000192400000021x.

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Abstract Flow visualisation experiments related to turbine film cooling have been conducted. These investigated the fluid mechanics of coolant ejection using a large-scale, flat-plate model at engine-representative Reynolds numbers in a low-speed tunnel with ambient-temperature mainstream flow. The coolant trajectories were captured using a fine nylon mesh covered with thermochromic liquid crystals, allowing measurement of gas temperature contours in planes perpendicular to the flow. Three injection geometries were assessed: cylindrical holes with stream-wise injection, cylindrical holes with cross-stream injection, and fan-shaped holes. The data demonstrated that the cylindrical holes produced discrete jets, which lifted off the surface at high coolant-to-mainstream momentum flux ratios; these jets were characterised by the kidney-shaped stream-tubes expected for injection into cross-flow. The jets injected with cross-stream momentum exhibited a more obvious kidney-shaped cross-section, which rotated with distance downstream of injection. The jets from the fan-shaped holes were attached to the surface even at high momentum flux ratios, were more diffuse, and exhibited two cores of high temperature. The trajectory visualisation data were used to interpret the adiabatic cooling effectiveness measured at the surface.
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Davard, F., and D. Dupuis. "Flow visualisation experiments in a blade coating process." Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 93, no. 1 (September 2000): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0257(00)00101-4.

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Scaperdas, A., A. G. Robins, and R. N. Colville. "Flow visualisation and tracer dispersion experiments at street canyon intersections." International Journal of Environment and Pollution 14, no. 1/2/3/4/5/6 (2000): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijep.2000.000576.

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Horwatitsch, Dieter, Jonas Müller, Helmut Kilian, Martin Brandecker, and Arne Wahlen. "Validation of Simulated Material Flow in Aluminium Hot Extrusion with a Novel Visualisation Method." Materials Science Forum 794-796 (June 2014): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.794-796.15.

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Commonly used visualisation methods for observing material flow during extrusion are either labor intensive, prone to loss of the tracer pattern or subject to different flow behaviour than occurs in practice. A novel visualisation method using a copper mesh inlay and computer tomography was developed and used to visualise the flow behaviour of partially extruded EN AW-6082 aluminum billets. In parallel with the physical experiments, a finite element (FE) model was developed and compared with the experiments. The material flow was readily observable from the computer tomography images and the FE model data closely matched the experimental results.
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Nathan, N. D., and R. B. Green. "Flow visualisation of the helicopter brown-out phenomenon." Aeronautical Journal 113, no. 1145 (July 2009): 467–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000003134.

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Abstract Quantitative and qualitative results of a series of experiments conducted on a rotor in ground effect at low forward speeds are presented. The velocity over a wide area of the ground effect wake was measured using particle image velocimetry, and the evolution of the flow is described as the forward speed increases. The formation of a dust cloud leading to so-called helicopter brown-out was simulated through a series of flow visualisation experiments. The technique involved sprinkling a fine dust on the ground below and ahead of the rotor. Larger dust clouds were observed at lower forward speed, and the dust cloud penetrated into the areas of the flow including those where vorticity levels were of low magnitude and occasional velocity fluctuations from the mean were large.
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Rónaföldi, Arnold, Jenő Kovács, and András Roósz. "Visualisation of the Melt Flow under Rotating Magnetic Field." Materials Science Forum 537-538 (February 2007): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.537-538.591.

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Experiments were performed for visual observation and investigation of liquid Gallium flow at a temperature of 40oC in a rotating magnetic field. Two different measuring methods were developed to determine the revolution number of rotating melt. In both cases the frequency of magnetic induction was 50, 100 and 150 Hz and the values of magnetic induction could be changed between 0 and 70 mT. The magnetic Taylor number changed between 0 and 3.54x107 during the experiments.
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Karásek, Matěj, Mustafa Percin, Torbjørn Cunis, Bas W. van Oudheusden, Christophe De Wagter, Bart DW Remes, and Guido CHE de Croon. "Accurate position control of a flapping-wing robot enabling free-flight flow visualisation in a wind tunnel." International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles 11 (January 2019): 175682931983368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756829319833683.

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Flow visualisations are essential to better understand the unsteady aerodynamics of flapping wing flight. The issues inherent to animal experiments, such as poor controllability and unnatural flapping when tethered, can be avoided by using robotic flyers that promise for a more systematic and repeatable methodology. Here, we present a new flapping-wing micro air vehicle (FWMAV)-specific control approach that, by employing an external motion tracking system, achieved autonomous wind tunnel flight with a maximum root-mean-square position error of 28 mm at low speeds (0.8–1.2 m/s) and 75 mm at high speeds (2–2.4 m/s). This allowed the first free-flight flow visualisation experiments to be conducted with an FWMAV. Time-resolved stereoscopic particle image velocimetry was used to reconstruct the three-dimensional flow patterns of the FWMAV wake. A good qualitative match was found in comparison to a tethered configuration at similar conditions, suggesting that the obtained free-flight measurements are reliable and meaningful.
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Stewart, Robert Logan, Ilija Denis Šutalo, and Petar Liovic. "Perceptive communicating capsules for fluid flow measurement and visualisation." Robotica 35, no. 1 (February 18, 2015): 143–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574715000041.

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SUMMARYA new approach to flow measurement and visualisation in fluid dynamics based on a group of perceptive communicating capsules has been developed. Experiments were carried out with fluid-mobilised and stationary capsules deployed in a fluid flow test rig (raceway pond). Each capsule contains a microcontroller, battery, infra-red and visible LEDs and other electronics. Using optical communications, capsules can record encounters with one another. From the resulting interaction patterns, fluid flow speed and path-frequency measurements were obtained. Additionally, the capsules have shown the capacity for distributed sensing, and their streaklines provide a valuable means of external visualisation.
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ROY, CLÉMENT, THOMAS LEWEKE, MARK C. THOMPSON, and KERRY HOURIGAN. "Experiments on the elliptic instability in vortex pairs with axial core flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 677 (April 11, 2011): 383–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.91.

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Results are presented from an experimental study on the dynamics of pairs of vortices, in which the axial velocity within each core differs from that of the surrounding fluid. Co- and counter-rotating vortex pairs at moderate Reynolds numbers were generated in a water channel from the tips of two rectangular wings. Measurement of the three-dimensional velocity field was accomplished using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry, revealing significant axial velocity deficits in the cores. For counter-rotating pairs, the long-wavelength Crow instability, involving symmetric wavy displacements of the vortices, could be clearly observed using dye visualisation. Measurements of both the axial wavelength and the growth rate of the unstable perturbation field were found to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions based on the full experimentally measured velocity profile of the vortices, including the axial flow. The dye visualisations further revealed the existence of a short-wavelength core instability. Proper orthogonal decomposition of the time series of images from high-speed video recordings allowed a precise characterisation of the instability mode, which involves an interaction of waves with azimuthal wavenumbers m = 2 and m = 0. This combination of waves fulfils the resonance condition for the elliptic instability mechanism acting in strained vortical flows. A numerical three-dimensional stability analysis of the experimental vortex pair revealed the same unstable mode, and a comparison of the wavelength and growth rate with the values obtained experimentally from dye visualisations shows good agreement. Pairs of co-rotating vortices evolve in the form of a double helix in the water channel. For flow configurations that do not lead to merging of the two vortices over the length of the test section, the same type of short-wave perturbations were observed. As for the counter-rotating case, quantitative measurements of the wavelength and growth rate, and comparison with previous theoretical predictions, again identify the instability as due to the elliptic mechanism. Importantly, the spatial character of the short-wave instability for vortex pairs with axial flow is different from that previously found in pairs without axial flow, which exhibit an azimuthal variation with wavenumber m = 1.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flow visualisation experiments"

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Martínez-García, Elvira. "Experimental and numerical study on the thermo hydraulic behaviour in a wavy plate heat exchanger using Newtonian and non Newtonian fluids." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271803.

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Ayres, Thomas J. "Experimental methods to analyse crankcase aerodynamic losses and flow fields." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2500.

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The air flow inside the crankcase of an internal combustion engine and the resistance that the air inside the engine induces on the moving engine components results in a component of the parasitic power loss of the engine, reducing the power output and efficiency of the engine. While these air flows have been researched using computational fluid dynamics in previous studies, there was no significant research found which had investigated these flows experimentally. The aim of this research was to develop experimental equipment to visualise the air flows in the crankcase of an engine. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was the method that was chosen to visualise these air flows because it enabled instantaneous flow fields to be measured on a cross section through the entire crankcase of the test engine without creating any disturbance to the flow being measured. The experimental equipment that was developed in this research consisted of an electric motor driven 450 cc single cylinder engine. The crankcase of the engine consisted of a transparent box structure to enable visualisation of the flow inside the crankcase. The internal engine components were designed to run without a lubrication system to prevent contamination of the air inside the crankcase or the transparent sides of the crankcase. Planar PIV flow visualisation was carried out on 3 parallel planes in the crankcase perpendicular to the crankshaft’s axis of rotation. Sets of multiple crankshaft angle resolved PIV measurements were compiled at eight evenly spaced crankshaft angles over a full engine rotation. PIV flow visualisations were repeated for engine speeds of 500 rpm, 900 rpm, and 1500 rpm in clockwise and counter clockwise directions. PIV results were post processed to produce two dimensional velocity vector, vorticity, temporal variability, and pressure maps of the flow field inside the crankcase on each of the planes where flow visualisation was captured. The results indicated that the most significant flows in the crankcase were driven by the reciprocating motion of the piston, which forced air to flow in and out of the crankcase through the breather ports. The interaction of the rotating crankshaft with the air in the crankcase only affected the air flow in the immediate vicinity of the crankshaft and had minimal effect on the bulk flow of air inside the crankcase, therefore reversal of the engine rotation only effected the air flow near the crankshaft. The velocity of the airflows in the crankcase increased proportionally with increasing engine speed in the range of engine speeds tested. While the PIV observations made were not specific to any particular production engine, the general characteristics of the air flows observed may be applied to improve future engine designs. The results from this project may assist in the reduction of crankcase parasitic pumping losses and the aeration of lubrication oil in future engine designs.
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Ge, Ning. "Contribution à l'étude du décollement tournant dans les ventilateurs axiaux par vélocimétrie Doppler à laser et visualisation." Valenciennes, 1993. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/4e75b118-426c-4ae9-aa47-2cc24195edb4.

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Dans un ventilateur axial, le décollement tournant peut être caractérisé par des cellules à débit réduit, nul ou négatif qui se propagent dans le sens de la rotation du ventilateur à une vitesse angulaire constante. L'objectif de notre travail a consisté à utiliser les méthodes expérimentales telles que la vélocimétrie laser, le fil chaud et la technique de visualisation pour étudier l'apparition de ce phénomène. En général, les sondes perturbent l'écoulement. La mesure sans contact du fluide par vélocimétrie laser nous permet une approche plus fine du phénomène étudié. Des fils chauds simples ont été utilisés pour détecter le décollement tournant, permettant d'en tirer les caractéristiques de celui-ci (vitesse, nombre et amplitude des zones décollées). La technique de visualisation est très peu utilisée jusqu'à présent dans l'étude du décollement tournant dans les ventilateurs axiaux. Nous avons choisi cette méthode pour étudier le décollement tournant, puisque les images obtenues nous permettent une meilleure compréhension de la structure de l'écoulement étudié. Une étude bibliographique portant sur les travaux théoriques et expérimentaux dans le domaine de l'écoulement instationnaire concernant le décollement tournant dans les ventilateurs axiaux est présentée.
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Abadie, Thomas. "Hydrodynamics of gas-liquid Taylor flow in microchannels." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/11986/1/abadie.pdf.

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This thesis focuses on the hydrodynamics of gas-liquid Taylor flow (or slug flow) in microchannels. These flows, which are generally dominated by surface tension forces, have been investigated in rectangular channels of various cross-sectional aspect ratios by means of both experimental visualizations and numerical simulations. The first experimental part aims at characterizing the bubble generation process (bubble length and frequency of break-up) depending on the operating conditions, the fluid properties, as well as the junction where both fluids merge. Numerical simulations of fully developed Taylor flow have been carried out with the JADIM code. The computation of such surface tension dominated flows requires an accurate calculation of the surface tension force. Some limitations of the Volume of Fluid method have been highlighted and a Level Set method has been developed in order to improve the calculation of capillary effects. Both methods have been compared in detail in terms of spurious currents. 3D numerical simulations have been performed and the influence of the capillary number, as well as the effects of geometry have been highlighted. Inertial effects have been taken into account and their influence on the pressure drop has been shown to be non-negligible. Mixing in the liquid slug has also been studied.
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Bourgeois, Magali. "Analyse des instabilités de sillages en écoulement cisaille." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30192.

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Etude expérimentale en canal hydrodynamique vertical de la zone de mélange qui se développe entre deux courants de vitesses différentes séparés par une plaque épaisse. Mise au point de techniques de visualisation (trajectographie, extraction de contours); développement de logiciels de traitement
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Mas, David. "Rayonnement acoustique d'une cavité rectangulaire soumise à un écoulement turbulent." Grenoble INPG, 2000. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00278358.

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Lorsqu'une cavité est soumise à un écoulement turbulent, de forts niveaux sonores peuvent être engendrés. Pur évaluer les niveaux de pression acoustique en champ lointain une approche en deux étapes est proposée. Tout d'abord, des simulations numériques de l'écoulement, considéré comme incompressible, sont réalisées à partir des équations de Reynolds complétées par des lois de fermeture élémentaires (k-c, sgs Smagorinsky). En outre, des visualisations et des mesures de pression fluctuante pariétale sont réalisées en tunnel hydraulique ; ces mesures ne sont pas suffisamment exhaustives pour conduire à une validation totale des modèles numériques dont on a pu cependant repérer certaines lacunes, En conséquence, on a plutôt cherché à combiner les résultats issus de ces modèles et les données expérimentales pour constituer des données d'entrée cohérentes du modèle acoustique correspondant à la deuxième étape. Ensuite, un modèle acoustique simple, fondé sur l'analogie de Lighthill, permet le calcul de la fréquence et de l'amplitude de pression acoustique en champ lointain. Pour tester ce modèle, on s'appuie par ailleurs sur des mesures acoustiques en champ lointain réalisées dans une soufflerie anéchoïque. Le modèle acoustique fournit un ordre de grandeur très satisfaisant des niveaux de pression acoustique mesurés. Enfin, un développement annexe de ce travail a consisté à raffiner la typologie des écoulements dans les cavités lorsque le rapport géométrique L/H augmente. On distingue alors trois configurations d'écoulement. Pour une cavité carrée, l'écoulement est quasi-2D. Pour un rapport géométrique de l'ordre de 1,5, l'écoulement fortement 3D se caractérise par une ondulation transverse de la zone de recirculation principale. Enfin, pour des rapports géométriques supérieurs à 2, la zone de recirculation se concentre sur la partie aval de la cavité ; l'écoulement est alors 2D
Flows over rectangular cavities exhibit various steady and unsteady phenomena, and are of concern in several engineering areas. When the incident flow is turbulent, high acoustic radiations are emitted. To evaluate the acoustic power radiated in the far field, a two-steps procedure is developed. First, the unsteady, incompressible, high Reynolds number flow past a cavity is numerically investigated. The hydrodynamical 3D models which are used are based on standard Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations closed by some simple turbulence closure models. On another side, experiments are performed in a large water tunnel for different length to depth ratios; flow visualization and fluctuating surface pressure measurements are made to check numerical results which reveal some deficiencies. Morover, the extent of both numerical and experimental results combined to produce consistent input data for the ensuing acoustic model. Secondly, a simple model, based on the Lighthill's acoustic analogy, incorporates the later data, to predict the amplitude and the frequencies of the far field noise. Measurements of the far field sound pressure level in a wind tunnel are also made at subsonic speed. A good agreement between the computed acoustic power in the far field and experimental data is shown. As an interesting by-product of the hydrodynamical study consists in a refined classification of flow structures in the cavity when length-to-depth ratio increases. Three different flow configurations are observed. A quasi-2D flow is observed for a squared cavity. A transitional 3D flow characterized by spanwise undulation of the main recirculating eddy is clearly shown for a length-to-depth ratio about 1,5. For a length-to-depth ratio above 2, the main recirculating eddy which is close to the downstream face of the cavity is purely 2D
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Ohmi, Kazuo. "Etude de la formation du sillage autour d'un profil en oscillation." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608517d.

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Capiaux, Sylvie. "Application et développement de la vélocimétrie par images de particules pour l'étude de la phase d'admission dans les moteurs à allumage commandé." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES068.

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Le présent travail, effectué dans l'entreprise PSA, en collaboration avec le CORIA par le biais d'une convention CIFRE, vise à implanter la technique de vélocimétrie par images de particules, PIV, à la DRAS (PSA, Vélizy 78). La PIV est une technique bidimensionnelle de mesure de vitesse, qui fournit des champs instantanés de vecteurs vitesse dans un plan matérialisé par une nappe laser. Elle apporte ainsi une vision d'ensemble des structures de l'écoulement que les techniques ponctuelles ne permettent pas d'obtenir. Deux expériences sont mises en œuvre afin de tester la technique d'une part et d'obtenir des informations intéressantes sur l'écoulement en aval d'une culasse de série. La première est un banc statique : un plateau plat doté d'une soupape de série à levée variable, sous lequel est monté un cylindre transparent permettant de visualiser l'écoulement ensemencé de micro gouttelettes d'huile. L'écoulement autour de la soupape et dans le cylindre est créé à l'aide d'une aspiration. La seconde est constituée d'une culasse de série PSA, entrainée par un moteur électrique. La PIV s'avère être un bon outil de diagnostic pour les applications moteur et permet grâce à une méthode de filtrage spatial des champs instantanés d'évaluer les grandes échelles de l'écoulement (>= 7 mm) et la part des fluctuations cycliques. Pour ce faire on utilisera des traitements à l'aide de maillages de taille moyenne (64p*64p) et un taux de recouvrement des mailles de traitement assez élevé (75%). Les images obtenues ici ont l'inconvénient d'être moyennement résolues car les CCD sur le marché il y a 3 ans étaient de petite taille (768 pixels*512 pixels). Elles nécessitent un travail de mise au point conséquent à cause du confinement des cylindres, mais avec l'augmentation des cadences d'acquisition, la dégradation dans le temps d'expérience des images ne sera bientôt plus un problème. L'accès aux plus petites échelles sera possible dans l'avenir avec l'utilisation de cameras plus résolues (Kodak 1000*1000 par ex. ). Nous avons réalisé une étude théorique permettant de quantifier les biais de mesure. Les erreurs sont majoritairement liées à une répartition hétérogène des particules dans les mailles de traitement (mailles moyennes ou grandes et gradients locaux de vitesse au sein des mailles).
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Hellou, Mustapha. "Etude numérique et expérimentale de l'écoulement à structure cellulaire engendré par la rotation d'un cylindre dans un canal." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2267.

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Etude du decollement de l'ecoulement et de la formation de cellules. Structure et caracteristiques geometriques de ces cellules. Analyse du champ hydrodynamique. Calcul numerique base sur l'ecriture des conditions des conditions aux limites par la methode des moindres carres. Mise au point d'une technique de visualisation par intermittence pendant de longues durees, utilisant les traceurs solides
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Bernaz, Lucien. "Étude du transfert de chaleur à la frontière supérieure d'un bain fluide avec dissipation volumique de puissance." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10021.

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Le travail presente concerne une etude theorique et experimentale du transfert de chaleur a la frontiere superieure d'un bain liquide soumis a dissipation volumique de puissance (dans un regime de turbulence developpee). Le probleme est ramene a celui de la convention turbulente de rayleigh-benard (convection sans source interne de chaleur). Deux modes de transfert de chaleur sont recenses dans la litterature : le regime de turbulence faible et le regime de turbulence forte. L'approche theorique est basee sur une interpretation phenomenologique des ecoulements pariet aux responsables de la majeure partie du transfert de chaleur (turbulence faible). Le modele theorique est valide de maniere satisfaisante par les resultats experimentaux. Ces derniers ont ete obtenus lors d'etudes parametriques dans differents dispositifs : la section d'essai marabec (convection de rayleigh-benard, echelle 1:20 du cas simule) pour la turbulence faible et la section d'essai bali (convection avec source interne de chaleur, echelle 1:1 du cas simule) pour la turbulence forte. Les mesures sont en partie obtenues grace a une technique de visualisation, la fluorescence induite par laser.
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Book chapters on the topic "Flow visualisation experiments"

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White, Craig, and Konstantinos Kontis. "Experimental and Numerical Visualisation of Supersonic Flow over the British Isles." In Shock Wave Interactions, 155–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73180-3_12.

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Srulijes, J., P. Gnemmi, K. Runne, and F. Seiler. "Flow Visualisation, Pressure Measurements and Numerical Calculations on Spike-Tipped Bodies." In New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics III, 331–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45466-3_40.

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Hübbe-Walker, S. E., J. R. Pincombe, and A. B. Turner. "Measurements And Flow Visualisation On The Surface Of A Flat And Curved Rough Plate." In Engineering Turbulence Modelling and Experiments, 529–39. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-89802-9.50054-x.

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Conference papers on the topic "Flow visualisation experiments"

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Rosli, M. I., M. Pourkashanian, D. B. Ingham, L. Ma, D. Borman, and M. S. Ismail. "Transparent PEM Fuel Cells for Direct Visualisation Experiments." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2009-85089.

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This paper reviews some of the previous research works on direct visualisation inside PEM fuel cells via a transparent single cell for the water behaviour investigation. Several papers which have employed the method have been selected and summarised and a comparison between the design of the cell, materials, methods and visual results are presented. The important aspects, advantages of the method and a summary on the previous work are discussed. Some initial work on transparent PEM fuel cell design using a single serpentine flow-field pattern is described. The results show that the direct visualisation via transparent PEM fuel cells could be one potential technique for investigating the water behavior inside the channels and a very promising way forward to provide useful data for validation in PEM fuel cell modelling and simulation.
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Newton, P. J., G. D. Lock, S. K. Krishnababu, H. P. Hodson, W. N. Dawes, J. Hannis, and C. Whitney. "Aero-Thermal Investigation of Tip Leakage Flow in Axial Flow Turbines: Part III — Tip Cooling." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27368.

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Contours of heat transfer coefficient and effectiveness have been measured on the tip of a generic cooled turbine blade, using the transient liquid crystal technique. The experiments were conducted at an exit Reynolds number of 2.3 × 105 in a five-blade linear cascade with tip clearances of 1.6% and 2.8% chord and featuring engine-representative cooling geometries. These experiments were supported by oil flow visualisation and pressure measurements on the tip and casing and by flow visualisation calculated using CFX, all of which provided insight into the fluid dynamics within the gap. The data were compared with measurements taken from the uncooled tip gap, where the fluid dynamics is dominated by flow separation at the pressure-side edge. Here the highest levels of heat transfer are located where the flow reattaches on the tip surface downstream of the separation bubble. A quantitative assessment using the Net Heat Flux Reduction (NHFR) revealed a significant benefit of ejecting coolant inside this separation bubble. Engine-representative blowing rates of approximately 0.6 – 0.8 resulted in good film cooling coverage and a reduction in heat flux to the tip when compared to both the flat tip profile and the squealer and cavity tip geometries discussed in Part 1 of this paper. Of the two novel coolant-hole configurations studied, injecting the coolant inside the separation bubble resulted in an improved NHFR when compared to injecting coolant at the location of reattachment.
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Gamio, Carlos, Juan Castro, Fabian Garcia-Nocetti, Luis Aguilar, Leonardo Rivera, and Humberto E. Balleza. "High-Pressure Gas-Oil Two-Phase Flow Visualisation Using Electrical Capacitance Tomography." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58379.

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Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) was used to image various two-phase gas-oil flows in a 3-inch pressurized test loop. ECT is a novel non-invasive technique for imaging mixtures of electrically non-conducting substances. One of its most promising applications is the visualization of gas-oil flows. This work presents a series imaging experiments using a pressure-resistant ECT sensor. Varying the oil and gas flow rates, different flow regimes were established in the test loop. ECT images were obtained for each case and compared with (a) the flow observed through a transparent section in the loop and (b) the prediction of the Taitel-Duckler flow map. The results confirm the suitability of ECT for imaging gas-oil flows.
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Sobierska, E., J. Shuai, R. Mertz, R. Kulenovic, and M. Groll. "Visualization and Flow Pattern Map for Flow Boiling of Water in a Vertical Micro Channel." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icmm2004-2373.

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Experiments on flow boiling of water are carried out for a rectangular vertical channel with dimension (width × depth) 0.86 × 2.0 mm2 (hydraulic diameter 1.2 mm). The Confinement number, Co = [σ/(g(ρL − ρG)dh2)]0.5, for the investigated range of operating parameters is about 2.2. So, applying the criterion Co > 0.5 for micro channels, the investigated channel has to be classified as “micro”. Water as working fluid is used with different mass and heat fluxes. Investigations of heat transfer and pressure drop were carried out. Results of flow visualisation are presented. On the basis of observations, a flow pattern map is obtained and the results are compared with existing flow pattern transition boundaries proposed by Taitel et al. (1980) and Mishima and Ishii (1984). The paper contains recent experimental results of an ongoing EU-project. Previous results have been presented in Shuai et al. (2002, 2003).
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Sobierska, Ewelina, Klaudia Chmiel, Rudi Kulenovic, and Rainer Mertz. "Experimental Investigation of Flow Boiling in a Vertical Narrow Channel." In ASME 3rd International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icmm2005-75124.

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Experimental investigations on thermofluid-dynamic phenomena in a vertical narrow rectangular microchannel with the hydraulic diameter dh = 0.27 mm were carried out. The experiments are performed under fluid-inlet subcooling conditions with de-ionised and degassed water for different mass fluxes (50–2000 kg/m2s) and heat fluxes (2–150 kW/m2). Moreover, flow visualisation of the two-phase flow patterns along the channel is performed using a digital high-speed video camera. Investigations on pressure drop during single- and two-phase flow have been carried out. The present work is concentrated on two-phase heat transfer. The mean heat transfer coefficient and the local heat transfer coefficient at saturated conditions were calculated and the latter ones was compared with available correlations.
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Sobierska, Ewelina, Rudi Kulenovic, and Rainer Mertz. "Heat Transfer Mechanism and Flow Pattern During Flow Boiling of Water in a Vertical Narrow Channel: Experimental Results." In ASME 4th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2006-96141.

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Experimental investigations on flow boiling phenomena in a vertical narrow rectangular microchannel with the hydraulic diameter dh = 0.48 mm were carried out. The experiments were performed under fluid-inlet subcooling conditions with deionised and degassed water for different mass fluxes. Investigations on pressure drop and heat transfer during single-and two-phase flow have been carried out. Moreover, flow visualisation of the two-phase flow patterns along the channel was performed using a digital high-speed video camera. The present work outlines local heat transfer coefficients for three mass fluxes (200, 700 and 1500 kg/m2s) and heat fluxes (30–110, 35–150 and 65–200 kW/m2, respectively) during two-phase flow. The fluid temperature at the inlet was about 50 °C what corresponds to inlet subcooling, depending on flow pressure conditions, from 34 °C to 57 °C. The visual observations were used to obtain a better insight about the heat transfer mechanism.
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Huera-Huarte, Francisco J., and Zafar A. Bangash. "DPIV Around a Flexible Circular Cylinder Undergoing Cross-Flow Forced Oscillations." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78535.

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This research is motivated by early experiments [1, 2], in which the main time consistent flow structures in the wake of a flexible oscillating circular cylinder were studied. We have now investigated the wake of a circular cylinder undergoing forced vibrations, by using Planar Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) and long exposure photographs for flow visualisation. The focus is given to the node to anti-node transition when the cylinder oscillates in its second structural mode. A flexible cylinder is supported by a structure consisting of a frame that includes a motor that drives a shaft, that actuates a pusher connected to the cylinder at two points, through a crank slider mechanism. We are able to produce forced oscillations of the cylinder, either in its first mode when the pushers are in phase, or in its second mode if the pushers are configured out-of-phase. We have used a high speed camera together with a continuous wave laser, to image seeding particles being illuminated by the laser sheet, at two different heights along the length of the cylinder: the node and the anti-node. We have also produced long exposure images of the particles leading to flow visualisation.
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Zummo, Giuseppe. "Flow Boiling in a Microtube: Flow Pattern and Heat Transfer." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2011-58304.

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This paper presents the results of the flow boiling patterns of FC-72 in a microtube. The internal diameter of the tube is 0.48 mm, with a heated length of 73 mm. The mass flow rate varies from 50 to 3000 kg/m2-s. The microtube is made of Pyrex in order to obtain the visualisation of the flow pattern along the heated channel. Different types of flow pattern have been observed: bubbly flow, deformed bubbly flow, bubbly/slug flow, slug flow, slug/annular flow, and annular flow. The flow pattern map is compared with those obtained for larger tubes (2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 mm). Flow patterns in the microtube, present less chaotic behaviour and regular vapour-liquid interfaces. Besides, as the tube diameter decreases, the intermittent flow regime shifts from the saturated boiling region towards the subcooled boiling region. The experiments, in the microtube, show the presence of flow instabilities in a large portion of the tests at low mass flow rates and low subcooling. Flow patterns in presence of flow instabilities are mainly characterized by bubbly/slug flow and slug/annular flow. Heat transfer rates have been studied in all flow pattern conditions. The two groups of results, with flow instabilities and without flow instabilities, show similar heat transfer behaviour. The experimental results of flow pattern are compared with the flow pattern maps of McQuillan and Whalley (1985), Mishima and Ishii (1984), and Ong and Thome (2010).
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Hergt, A., R. Meyer, and K. Engel. "Experimental Investigation of Flow Control in Compressor Cascades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90415.

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A large part of the total pressure losses in a compressor stage is caused by secondary flow effects like the separation between the wall and the vane i.e., a corner separation. An experimental and numerical investigation in a highly loaded compressor cascade was performed to understand the fluid mechanic mechanism of this corner separation in order to control it by using vortex generators. The experiments were carried out with a compressor cascade at a high-speed test facility at DLR in Berlin. The cascade consisted of five vanes and their profiles represent the cut at 10% of span distance from the hub of the stator vanes of a single stage axial compressor. The experiments were accomplished at Reynolds numbers up to Re = 0.6 × 106 (based on 40 mm chord) and Mach numbers up to M = 0.7. To measure the total pressure losses of the cascade (caused by the corner separation) a wake rake was used. It consisted of 26 pitot probes to measure the total pressure distribution of the outflow and 4 Conrad probes to determine the outflow angles. To detect the separation area on the vane, a flow visualisation technique was used. In addition to the experiments, numerical computations were carried out with the URANS TRACE, which has been developed at DLR for the simulation of steady and unsteady turbomachinery flow. The computations were performed with identical geometrical conditions as in the experiments, including the measured inflow boundary layer conditions at the side walls. The experiments were performed with the aim of controlling the corner separation. In this case, vortex generators as a passive flow control device were used. The vortex generators were attached at the surface of the suction side of the vanes. The flow control device is producing a strong vortex, which enhances the mixing between the main flow and the retarded boundary layer at the side wall. Thus, the corner separation is reduced on the vanes. The experiments were carried out at the peak efficiency (design point) of the cascade in order to optimize the design of the vortex generators for an application in turbomachines.
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Saisorn, Sira, Jatuporn Kaew-On, and Somchai Wongwises. "Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics of R-134a in Horizontal and Vertical Mini-Channels." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-31012.

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Heat transfer experiments are carried out to obtain the data of R-134a during flow boiling in a circular mini-channel having a diameter of 1.75 mm and a length of 600 mm. The DC power supply generating 80 A at 12 V is used to apply heat to the test section. T-type thermocouples are installed at the inlet and outlet of the test section to measure the system temperature. The 10 thermocouples are installed on the top and bottom sides at equal distances along the tube to measure the wall temperature. Variable area type flow meters calibrated specially in the range 0.02–0.2 LPM for R-134a by the manufacturer are used to measure the refrigerant flow rate. A transparent tube is installed to match up with the test section outlet and to serve as a viewing window for visualisation. Two sets of the horizontal flow and vertical upward flow data are analysed. Flow regime map and heat transfer coefficient tend to be dependent with flow direction under the certain experimental conditions.
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