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Journal articles on the topic 'FO-PID controllers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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Eltayeb, Ahmed, Gamil Ahmed, Imil Hamda Imran, Nezar M. Alyazidi, and Ahmed Abubaker. "Comparative Analysis: Fractional PID vs. PID Controllers for Robotic Arm Using Genetic Algorithm Optimization." Automation 5, no. 3 (2024): 230–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/automation5030014.

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This paper presents a comparative analysis of a fractional-order proportional–integral–derivative (FO-PID) controller against the standard proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller, applied to a nonlinear robotic arm manipulator systems. The genetic algorithm (GA) optimization method was implemented to tune the gain parameters of the FO-PID and PID controllers. The performance of the FO-PID and PID controllers were evaluated though different cost functions, including integral of squared error (ISE), integral of absolute error (IAE), integral of time-weighted absolute error (ITAE), and integral of time-weighted squared error (ITSE). The performance of these controllers was examined via extensive simulations by using MATLAB/SIMULINK for different operating scenarios of the robotic arm manipulator system. Based on the obtained results, a comparative performance matrix is proposed, wherein cost functions ISE, IAE, ITAE, and ITSE are represented as columns while characteristic parameters (overshoot, rising time, and settling time) are represented as rows. The proposed performance matrix facilitates the selection between the PID and FO-PID controllers.

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Patil, Manoj D., K. Vadirajacharya, and Swapnil Khubalkar. "Design of fractional order controllers using constrained optimization and reference tracking method." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 1 (2020): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i1.pp291-301.

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In recent times, fractional order controllers are gaining more interest. There are several fractional order controllers are available in literature. Still, tuning of these controllers is one of the main issues which the control community is facing. In this paper, online tuning of five dierent fractional order controllers is discussed viz. tilted proportional-integral-derivative (T-PID) controller, fractional order proportional-integral (FO-PI) controller, fractional order proportional-derivative (FO-PD) controller, fractional order proportional-integral-derivative (FO-PID) controller. A reference tracking method is proposed for tuning of fractional order controllers. First order with dead time (FOWDT) system is used to check feasibility of the control strategy.

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Manoj, D. Patil, Vadirajacharya K., and Khubalkar Swapnil. "Design of fractional order controllers using constrained optimization and reference tracking method." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 11, no. 1 (2020): 291–301. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i1.pp291-301.

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In recent times, fractional order controllers are gaining more interest. There are several fractional order controllers are available in literature. Still, tuning of these controllers is one of the main issues which the control community is facing. In this paper, online tuning of five different fractional order controllers is discussed viz. tilted proportionalintegral- derivative (T-PID) controller, fractional order proportional-integral (FO-PI) controller, fractional order proportional-derivative (FO-PD) controller, fractional order proportional-integral-derivative (FO-PID) controller. A reference tracking method is proposed for tuning of fractional order controllers. First order with dead time (FOWDT) system is used to check feasibility of the control strategy.

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Almeida, Alexandre Marques de, Marcelo Kaminski Lenzi та Ervin Kaminski Lenzi. "Decentralized fractional-order PIλ control applied to a TITO distillation column: a comparative study with PID and MPC". Cuadernos de Educación y Desarrollo 16, № 10 (2024): e6021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/cuadv16n10-131.

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This paper investigates the use of fractional-order PIλ (FO-PI) controllers and compares their performance with classical integer-order PID (IO-PID) and fractional-order PID (FO-PID) controllers for a two-input, two-output (TITO) distillation column. Additionally, a comparative study between FO-PI and model predictive control (MPC) is conducted on the same multivariable system. While fractional control in multivariable systems has been explored, evaluations of global performance metrics—such as integral square error (ISE), integral absolute value of error (IAE), integral time weighted absolute error (ITAE), integral time weighted square error (ITSE), and integral of manipulated variables (IU)—compared to IO-PID and MPC are still scarce. This work addresses this gap by examining these metrics alongside the steps necessary for fractional control design, including Laplace numerical inversion and controller tuning. The results demonstrate that the FO-PI controller shows superior performance compared to FO/IO-PID and MPC controllers. The global relative gain indexes show improvements, with FO-PI achieving gains of 36.9% to 59.9% compared to FO/IO-PID, and a reduction of 19% to 44.1% in global index compared to MPC. The distillation column dynamics were modeled using transfer functions, allowing for a detailed comparison of control strategies. The studies conducted in this work indicate that fractional-order controllers (FO-PI) show promise in controlling the dynamics of the TITO distillation column, as evidenced by simulations and comparison with integer-order (IO-PID) and fractional-order (FO-PID) control strategies, as well as with MPC control. The study highlights the potential benefits of using fractional controllers for a classical multivariable system, allowing to advance the state of the art of this type of control approach.

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Irshad, Mohammad, Naresh Kumar Vemula, Ramesh Devarapalli, Gundavarapu Venkata Nagesh Kumar, and Łukasz Knypiński. "An optimized integral performance criterion based commercial PID controller design for boost converter." Journal of Electrical Engineering 75, no. 4 (2024): 258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2024-0032.

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Abstract Boost converters often face challenges such as sluggish dynamic behavior, inadequate voltage regulation, and variations in input voltage and load current. These issues necessitate the need for closed-loop operation. Nature-inspired optimization algorithms (NIOA) have demonstrated their effectiveness in delivering enhanced solutions for various engineering problems. Several studies have been conducted on the use of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers for controlling boost converters, as documented in the literature. Some studies have shown that using fractional order PID (FO-PID) controllers can lead to better performance than traditional PID controllers. Nevertheless, implementing FO-PID can be quite complex. Considering the widespread use of commercial PID controllers in industrial settings, this study focuses on finding the best tuning for these controllers in DC-DC boost converters. The approach used is particle swarm optimization (PSO) based on integral performance criteria. Simulation results indicate that the proposed controller achieves superior performance, evidenced by the lowest settling time, overshoot, integral absolute error (IAE), and integral squared error (ISE) values under varying input voltage and load current conditions, compared to both PID and FO-PID controllers. These findings have been confirmed through hardware implementation, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

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Mahto, Tarkeshwar, Rakesh Kumar, Hasmat Malik, Irfan Ahmad Khan, Sattam Al Otaibi, and Fahad R. Albogamy. "Design and Implementation of Frequency Controller for Wind Energy-Based Hybrid Power System Using Quasi-Oppositional Harmonic Search Algorithm." Energies 14, no. 20 (2021): 6459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206459.

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An innovative union of fuzzy controller and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller under the environment of fractional order (FO) calculus is described in the present study for an isolated hybrid power system (IHPS) in the context of load frequency control. The proposed controller is designated as FO-fuzzy PID (FO-F-PID) controller. The undertaken model of IHPS presented here involves different independent power-producing units, a wind energy-based generator, a diesel engine-based generator and a device for energy storage (such as a superconducting magnetic energy storage system). The selection of the system and controller gains was achieved through a unique quasi-oppositional harmony search (QOHS) algorithm. The QOHS algorithm is based on the basic harmony search (HS) algorithm, in which the combined concept of quasi-opposition initialization and HS algorithm fastens the profile of convergence for the algorithm. The competency and potency of the intended FO-F-PID controller were verified by comparing its performance with three different controllers (integer-order (IO)-fuzzy-PID (IO-F-PID) controller, FO-PID and IO-PID controller) in terms of deviation in frequency and power under distinct perturbations in load demand conditions. The obtained simulation results validate the cutting-edge functioning of the projected FO-F-PID controller over the IO-F-PID, FO-PID and IO-PID controllers under non-linear and linear functioning conditions. In addition, the intended FO-F-PID controller, considered a hybrid model, proved to be more robust against the mismatches in loading and the non-linearity in the form of rate constraint under the deviation in frequency and power front.

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Lal, Deepak Kumar, and Ajit Kumar Barisal. "Grasshopper Algorithm Optimized Fractional Order Fuzzy PID Frequency Controller for Hybrid Power Systems." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 12, no. 6 (2019): 519–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096511666180717142058.

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Background: Due to the increasing demand for the electrical power and limitations of conventional energy to produce electricity. Methods: Now the Microgrid (MG) system based on alternative energy sources are used to provide electrical energy to fulfill the increasing demand. The power system frequency deviates from its nominal value when the generation differs the load demand. The paper presents, Load Frequency Control (LFC) of a hybrid power structure consisting of a reheat turbine thermal unit, hydropower generation unit and Distributed Generation (DG) resources. Results: The execution of the proposed fractional order Fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (FO Fuzzy PID) controller is explored by comparing the results with different types of controllers such as PID, fractional order PID (FOPID) and Fuzzy PID controllers. The controller parameters are optimized with a novel application of Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA). The robustness of the proposed FO Fuzzy PID controller towards different loading, Step Load Perturbations (SLP) and random step change of wind power is tested. Further, the study is extended to an AC microgrid integrated three region thermal power systems. Conclusion: The performed time domain simulations results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed FO Fuzzy PID controller and show that it has better performance than that of PID, FOPID and Fuzzy PID controllers. The suggested approach is reached out to the more practical multi-region power system. Thus, the worthiness and adequacy of the proposed technique are verified effectively.

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Chekari, Tassadit, Rachid Mansouri, and Maamar Bettayeb. "Real-time application of IMC-PID-FO multi-loop controllers on the coupled tanks process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 235, no. 8 (2021): 1542–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651820983062.

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The coupled tanks process is a two input-two output system. It presents a nonlinear behavior and interactions characteristic. After the nonlinear model is obtained, it is linearized around an operating point. A fractional-order proportional–integral–derivative based on the internal model control paradigm (1DOF-IMC-PID-FO) multi-loop controller is determined without considering the interactions, and a fractional-order proportional–integral–derivative based on the 2-degree-of-freedom internal model control structure (2DOF-IMC-PID-FO) multi-loop controller is determined by considering the interactions. Thus, an interactions reduction effect controller is calculated. Both controllers are implemented on a real-time process using the Real Time Windows Target of MATLAB. The objective of the control is to maintain the water level in the lower tanks at desired values. In the experiment, setpoint tracking and disturbance rejection tests are carried out to assess the performance of both 1DOF and 2DOF-IMC-PID-FO multi-loop controllers.

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Singh, Swati, Vijay Kumar Tayal, Hemender Pal Singh, and Vinod Kumar Yadav. "Optimal Design of Fractional Order PID Controllers for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System Employing PSO Algorithm." AIUB Journal of Science and Engineering (AJSE) 21, no. 1 (2022): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53799/ajse.v21i1.225.

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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are gaining attraction in order to facilitate various applications owing to portability, low pollution and high efficiency. However, due to strong nonlinearity, fast variations in loading conditions and sluggish dynamics, regulation of the output voltage of SOFCs is disturbed. This paper aims to enhance the dynamic performance of SOFC by employing PI, PI Fast, PIDF, 2-DOF PID and PSO optimized FO-PID controllers under uncertain input conditions. The PID tuner is used for tuning the PI, PI fast, PIDF and 2-DOF PID controller parameters. The PSO technique is utilized for optimizing of FO-PID controller. The SOFC output with various controllers is compared in terms of performance specifications such as peak overshoot, settling time, steady state error and rise time. The comparison of computer simulation results manifests that the proposed PSO-FOPID controller scheme yields in far better performance with SOFC subjected to uncertain input.

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Chandra Sahu, Prakash, and Ramesh Chandra Prusty. "Performance enhancement in AGC of multi-area power system with WOA optimized fo-2dof controller and facts controllers." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.3 (2018): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.33.14835.

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This research article aims to develop Load Frequency Control (LFC) of equal three area with individual area comprises single thermal sys-tem and wind system and appropriated 3% of Generation rate constraint (GRC) is considered for thermal system to make non-linearity to overall system. For automatic generation control (AGC) the proposed secondary controller is a two degree of freedom (DOF) based frac-tional order Proportional, Integral, Derivative (PID) controller and used to reduce error for this study. For optimizing the gains of this pro-posed controller in a suitable manner a newly deterministic algorithm called Whale Optimization algorithm (WOA) is applied. Comparative performance analysis of different controllers like FO-2DOF-PID, 2DOF-PID, and PID is done in respect of settling time and peak over-shoot. Apart from this to improve quality of different dynamic responses some FACTS devices like Interlined power flow controller(IPFC), Static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) and Thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) are implemented with FO-2DOF-PID controller and for superiority analysis a comparison is made between above optimized controllers.

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Pan, Indranil, Saptarshi Das, Ayan Mukherjee, and Amitava Gupta. "Gain and Order Scheduling of Optimal Fractional Order PID Controllers for Random Delay and Packet Dropout in Networked Control Systems." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 4814–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.4814.

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Application of fractional order (FO) PID controllers has been proposed over an unreliable network with random delays and packet dropouts. The gain and order of the controllers have been tuned offline to obtain optimal time domain performance for different network conditions with the help of Genetic Algorithm (GA). The FO controller parameters are then scheduled for time varying network conditions and the performance is compared with their integer order counterparts.

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Das, Saptarshi, Amitava Gupta, and Shantanu Das. "Generalized Frequency Domain Robust Tuning of a Family of Fractional Order PI/PID Controllers to Handle Higher Order Process Dynamics." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 4859–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.4859.

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Generalization of the frequency domain robust tuning has been proposed in this paper for a family of fractional order (FO) PI/PID controllers. The controller tuning is enhanced with two new FO reduced parameter templates which are capable of capturing higher order process dynamics with much better accuracy. The paper validates the proposed methodology with a standard test-bench of higher order processes to show the relative merits of the family of FO controller structures.

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Sabera, Hussban, Ali Mahdi, and Manal Hussein Nawir. "Comparative Analysis of Integer and Fractional PID for Power Regulation Integrated in an Electrosurgical Generator." Kerbala Journal for Engineering Sciences 1, no. 2 (2021): 233–51. https://doi.org/10.63463/kjes1039.

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The electrosurgical generator (ESG) unit must be adapted to satisfy tissue impedance unpredictability while supplying power. The body's impedance changes complicate power supply and voltage control. ESG relies on output power in the constant power range. This study's goal is to supply active power that varies with tissue impedance. The impedance tissues are represented as a parallel RC circuit with three models (Child, Male, and Female). To enhance ESGs performance, integer-order PID (IO-PID) and fractional order PID (FO-PID) controllers are designed for controlling the output power and voltage. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is used to optimize IO-PID and FO-PID controllers’ gains. Two control systems are compared in terms of overshot, undershot, rise and settling times, and steady-state error. It is concluded that FO-PID-based ESG is more robust and efficient compared with IO-PID-based ESG.

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Shomer, Anas, Helmy El Zoghby, Mohiy E. Bahgat, and Soliman Sharaf. "The main investigations of a novel solar thermal application known as SCPP are summarized in this paper. It is a method of producing electricity from solar energy that relies on the fact that air rises when it is heated. An adequate position within a tall chimney can be utilized to position a turbine to turn it, creating an updraft that can be used to generate power. This system's specifications, design, construction, and use are all covered in the paper along with experimental and analytical research related to it. It also emphasizes the development and execution of SCPP programs." Future Engineering Journal 3, no. 2 (2022): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54623/fue.fej.3.2.5.

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Control issues come from the output voltage of PV installations and systems operating in a range of irradiance and temperature. By using a DC converter, such systems are able to maintain a constant output voltage despite fluctuations in the generated voltage and load. The design of a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) on DC converter controller is presented in this article for a system. Fractional Order-Proportional Integral Derivative (FO-PID) and Parallel Distributed Compensation-Proportional Integral Derivative (PDC-PID) controllers have been implemented to the system converter as a proposed control approach. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used as optimization technique for determining the optimal parameters of (FO-PID) and (PDC-PID) controllers for tracking the output voltage from trained Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) that is corresponding to maximum power generated from (PV) module. The PV system with the dynamic load is modeled and simulated by using the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The system performance is displayed in the form of a family of curves under different operating conditions.

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Niranjana, Siddharthan, and Balasubramanian Baskaran. "Fuzzy Logic Controlled Zeta Converter fed DC-Motor Drive System with reduced Steady-State-error." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) 9, no. 12 (2020): 196–204. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.K7815.1091220.

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Zeta-converter finds a way between DC-source and DC-Motor to step-up and match the motor-voltage.This work proposes QBC between the DC source and DCM. The DC output is boosted by ZCS. The DC yield of ZC is provided to the DC-Motor. In-this-work, different-control-strategies for Zeta-Converter fed DC-Motor (ZC--DCM) such as &bdquo;fractional-order-PID(FO--PID) controller", &bdquo;Hysteresis-controller(HC)" & &bdquo;-Fuzzy-logic- controller(F-LC)" is exploited to sustain the constant yield-speed of the ZC--DCM. Also, the load disturbance is introduced to analyze the performance of ZC--DCM driven by different controllers. “-The-simulation of ZC--DCM has been done utilizing -MATLAB/-Simulink-software”. The objective of the present work is to enhance the closed-loop response of ZC--DCM using suitable-controller. Outcome reveals that the F-L-based ZC--DCM has good-performance, when compared to the FO--PID &Hysteresis-controller based ZC--DCM.

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Tepljakov, Aleksei, Eduard Petlenkov, Emmanuel Gonzalez, and Juri Belikov. "Digital Realization of Retuning Fractional-Order Controllers for an Existing Closed-Loop Control System." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 10 (2017): 1750165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126617501651.

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In the present paper, the problem of digital implementation of retuning fractional-order (FO) controllers for an unstable plant — a real-life laboratory model of a Magnetic Levitation System (MLS) — is investigated. Retuning control is applied to an existing closed-loop PID control system through the use of a hardware FO controller prototype. An implementation method for the retuning controller is proposed. Three types of hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiments are considered. First, the plant is simulated using a suitable dynamic model. Second, the real-life laboratory model of the MLS is controlled. In the third type of experiment, a MATLAB implementation of the retuning controller is evaluated as a benchmark. Three controllers obtained in an earlier work are tested with this setup. Experimental results are compared and discussed.

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Nassef, Ahmed M., Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, Hussein M. Maghrabie, and Ahmad Baroutaji. "Metaheuristic-Based Algorithms for Optimizing Fractional-Order Controllers—A Recent, Systematic, and Comprehensive Review." Fractal and Fractional 7, no. 7 (2023): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7070553.

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Metaheuristic optimization algorithms (MHA) play a significant role in obtaining the best (optimal) values of the system’s parameters to improve its performance. This role is significantly apparent when dealing with systems where the classical analytical methods fail. Fractional-order (FO) systems have not yet shown an easy procedure to deal with the determination of their optimal parameters through traditional methods. In this paper, a recent, systematic. And comprehensive review is presented to highlight the role of MHA in obtaining the best set of gains and orders for FO controllers. The systematic review starts by exploring the most relevant publications related to the MHA and the FO controllers. The study is focused on the most popular controllers such as the FO-PI, FO-PID, FO Type-1 fuzzy-PID, and FO Type-2 fuzzy-PID. The time domain is restricted in the articles published through the last decade (2014:2023) in the most reputed databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The identified number of papers, from the entire databases, has reached 850 articles. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology was applied to the initial set of articles to be screened and filtered to end up with a final list that contains 82 articles. Then, a thorough and comprehensive study was applied to the final list. The results showed that Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is the most attractive optimizer to the researchers to be used in the optimal parameters identification of the FO controllers as it attains about 25% of the published papers. In addition, the papers that used PSO as an optimizer have gained a high citation number despite the fact that the Chaotic Atom Search Optimization (ChASO) is the highest one, but it is used only once. Furthermore, the Integral of the Time-Weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) is the best nominated cost function. Based on our comprehensive literature review, this appears to be the first review paper that systematically and comprehensively addresses the optimization of the parameters of the fractional-order PI, PID, Type-1, and Type-2 fuzzy controllers with the use of MHAs. Therefore, the work in this paper can be used as a guide for researchers who are interested in working in this field.

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Kanagaraj, N., and Vishwa Nath Jha. "Design of an enhanced fractional order PID controller for a class of second-order system." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 40, no. 3 (2021): 579–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-08-2020-0267.

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Purpose This paper aims to design a modified fractional order proportional integral derivative (PID) (FO[PI]λDµ) controller based on the principle of fractional calculus and investigate its performance for a class of a second-order plant model under different operating conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is compared with the classical controllers. Design/methodology/approach The fractional factor related to the integral term of the standard FO[PI]λDµ controller is applied as a common fractional factor term for the proportional plus integral coefficients in the proposed controller structure. The controller design is developed using the regular closed-loop system design specifications such as gain crossover frequency, phase margin, robustness to gain change and two more specifications, namely, noise reduction and disturbance elimination functions. Findings The study results of the designed controller using matrix laboratory software are analyzed and compared with an integer order PID and a classical FOPIλDµ controller, the proposed FO[PI]λDµ controller exhibit a high degree of performance in terms of settling time, fast response and no overshoot. Originality/value This paper proposes a methodology for the FO[PI]λDµ controller design for a second-order plant model using the closed-loop system design specifications. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated under different operating conditions such as external load disturbances and input parameter change.

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Anuja, R., T. S. Sivarani, and M. Germin Nisha. "Fuzzy Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative Controller Design for Higherorder Time Delay Processes." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 31, no. 02 (2023): 327–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488523500174.

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Process control is the interested domain of interest as the industrial high-order applications require an effective control mechanism with higher robustness. Since the conventional method of proportional integral derivative (PID) controller remains inadequate for the higher-order processes, this research concentrates on the fuzzy fractional-order controllers, that more and more attention nowadays in various research areas of science and engineering specifically, on the areas of tuning, design, implementation, and analysis of these controllers. Accordingly, this research marks a milestone for the control industry through introducing a robust controller, fuzzy fractional-order (FO) PI[Formula: see text]D[Formula: see text] (fuzzy FOPID) for higher-order applications with dead time. The fractional-order controller requires the fractional orders for the derivative term [Formula: see text] and integral term [Formula: see text]. The results of the proposed fuzzy FOPID controller is analyzed and compared with the comparative methods, such as a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller and fractional order PID controller (FOPID). Accordingly, the time-domain specifications are evaluated in the presence/absence of the disturbances is analyzed and in addition, the time domain optimal integral metrics are determined. Simulations are carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

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Mahdi, Ali Jafer, Hussban Abood Saber, Ali Mohammed Ridha, and Mohammed Jamal Mohammed. "Comparative analysis of different inverters and controllers to investigate performance of electrosurgical generators under variable tissue impedance." Acta Innovations, no. 48 (May 11, 2023): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.48.5.

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Electrosurgical generators (ESGs) are currently the most widely used surgical technology for clinical operations. The main disadvantage of ESGs is their output power is irregular due to the variable tissue impedance. The heat dissipation caused by the high amount of thermal energy generated leads to medical complications for both patient and surgeon. In this research, various inverter topologies and power controllers are investigated to specify the best structure that ensures best performance. The type of inverter topologies investigated are three level and five level, while the PID structures investigated are integer order (IO-PID) and fractional order (FO-PID). The simulation results indicate that FO-PID with five level inverters is better than IO-PID with three level inverters in terms of minimum heat dissipation rate and THD of the output voltage and current.

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Barbosa, Ramiro S., and JA Tenreiro Machado. "Limit cycle prediction of systems with fractional controllers and backlash." Journal of Vibration and Control 23, no. 4 (2016): 587–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546315581572.

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This article investigates the limit cycle (LC) prediction of systems with backlash by means of the describing function (DF) when using discrete fractional-order (FO) algorithms. The DF is an approximate method that gives good estimates of LCs. The implementation of FO controllers requires the use of rational approximations, but such realizations produce distinct dynamic types of behavior. This study analyzes the accuracy in the prediction of LCs, namely their amplitude and frequency, when using several different algorithms. To illustrate this problem we use FO-PID algorithms in the control of systems with backlash.

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Caponetto, Riccardo, Giovanni Dongola, Luigi Fortuna, and Antonio Gallo. "New results on the synthesis of FO-PID controllers." Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 15, no. 4 (2010): 997–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2009.05.040.

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Agajie, Takele Ferede, Armand Fopah-Lele, Ahmed Ali, et al. "Optimal Sizing and Power System Control of Hybrid Solar PV-Biogas Generator with Energy Storage System Power Plant." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (2023): 5739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15075739.

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In this paper, the electrical parameters of a hybrid power system made of hybrid renewable energy sources (HRES) generation are primarily discussed. The main components of HRES with energy storage (ES) systems are the resources coordinated with multiple photovoltaic (PV) cell units, a biogas generator, and multiple ES systems, including superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) and pumped hydro energy storage (PHES). The performance characteristics of the HRES are determined by the constant power generation from various sources, as well as the shifting load perturbations. Constant power generation from a variety of sources, as well as shifting load perturbations, dictate the HRES’s performance characteristics. As a result of the fluctuating load demand, there will be steady generation but also fluctuating frequency and power. A suitable control strategy is therefore needed to overcome the frequency and power deviations under the aforementioned load demand and generation conditions. An integration in the environment of fractional order (FO) calculus for proportion-al-integral-derivative (PID) controllers and fuzzy controllers, referred to as FO-Fuzzy-PID controllers, tuned with the opposition-based whale optimization algorithm (OWOA), and compared with QOHSA, TBLOA, and PSO has been proposed to control the frequency deviation and power deviations in each power generation unites. The results of the frequency deviation obtained by using FO-fuzzy-PID controllers with OWOA tuned are 1.05%, 2.01%, and 2.73% lower than when QOHSA, TBLOA, and PSO have been used to tune, respectively. Through this analysis, the algorithm’s efficiency is determined. Sensitivity studies are also carried out to demonstrate the robustness of the technique under consideration in relation to changes in the sizes of the HRES and ES system parameters.

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Li, Guangyu, Yanxin Li, Huayue Chen, and Wu Deng. "Fractional-Order Controller for Course-Keeping of Underactuated Surface Vessels Based on Frequency Domain Specification and Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (2022): 3139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12063139.

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In this paper, a new fractional-order (FO) PIλDµ controller is designed with the desired gain and phase margin for the automatic rudder of underactuated surface vessels (USVs). The integral order λ and the differential order μ are introduced in the controller, and the two additional adjustable factors make the FO PIλDµ controller have better accuracy and robustness. Simulations are carried out for comparison with a ship’s digital PID autopilot. The results show that the FO PIλDµ controller has the advantages of a small overshoot, short adjustment time, and precise control. Due to the uncertainty of the model parameters of USVs and two extra parameters, it is difficult to compute the parameters of an FO PIλDµ controller. Secondly, this paper proposes a novel particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for dynamic adjustment of the FO PIλDµ controller parameters. By dynamically changing the learning factor, the particles carefully search in their own neighborhoods at the early stage of the algorithm to prevent them from missing the global optimum and converging on the local optimum, while at the later stage of evolution, the particles converge on the global optimal solution quickly and accurately to speed up PSO convergence. Finally, comparative experiments of four different controllers under different sailing conditions are carried out, and the results show that the FO PIλDµ controller based on the IPSO algorithm has the advantages of a small overshoot, short adjustment time, precise control, and strong anti-disturbance control.

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Ababsia, Houria, Djalel Dib, and Abdelghani Djeddi. "Optimal control of the UPFC for the stability of electrical networks." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 14, no. 1 (2025): 180–87. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v14.i1.pp180-187.

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The unified power flow controller (UPFC) is a crucial element in contemporary power systems, specifically engineered to augment the manageability and adaptability of power transmission in electrical networks. UPFC provides instantaneous modifications to voltage magnitude, phase angle, and line impedance by using sophisticated power electronics and control algorithms. This research examines the function of the unified power flow controller (UPFC) in enhancing the power quality of electrical networks. The UPFC's capacity to dynamically regulate and optimize power flow assists in minimizing voltage fluctuations, decreasing transmission line losses, and improving system stability. In addition, UPFC effectively addresses problems such as voltage sags, swells, and flickers, hence enhancing the resilience and dependability of the power supply. This research highlights the importance of unified power flow control (UPFC) technology in improving system performance and power quality of electrical networks via a thorough examination of its applications. This article presents research on the performance of the unified power flow controller (UPFC) device in a network, specifically focusing on the use of PID and FO-PID controllers for regulating active and passive power.

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Zheng, Shiqi, Xiaoqi Tang, and Bao Song. "Graphical tuning method for non-linear fractional-order PID-type controllers free of analytical model." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 38, no. 12 (2016): 1442–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331215592691.

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The main focus of this paper is on a graphical tuning method of non-linear fractional-order PID (FOPID)-type controllers, i.e. a class of FOPID-type controllers that non-linearly depend on the control parameters, e.g. FO[PI], FO[PD] etc. Firstly, a method is proposed to determine the stabilizing region of non-linear FOPID-type controllers, namely the complete sets of FOPID-type controllers providing stability of the control system. Secondly, two different approaches are proposed to determine the H∞ region of these FOPID-type controllers, namely the complete sets achieving H∞ robust performance specifications. The first approach maps the H∞ constraints into the parameter space by solving a series of non-linear equations. The second approach transforms the original H∞ region problem into simultaneous stabilization of a family of characteristic polynomials. It turns out that these two approaches are both very flexible, and the second approach is more efficient than the former. The main advantage of our proposed graphical tuning method is that the exact mathematical model of the controlled plant is not needed. The stabilizing and H∞ regions can be computed only from the frequency response data of the plant. Finally, numerical and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the proposed graphical tuning method.

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Yuan, Hongyan, Zhendong Sun, Yujie Wang, and Zonghai Chen. "Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithm Based on Fusion Optimization for Fuel Cell Gas Supply System Control." World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, no. 2 (2023): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj14020050.

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In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system, the flow of air and hydrogen is the main factor affecting the output characteristics of the PEMFC, and there is a coordination problem in the flow control of both. To ensure real-time gas supply in the fuel cell and improve the output power and economic benefits of the system, a deep reinforcement learning controller with continuous state based on fusion optimization (FO-DDPG) and a control optimization strategy based on net power optimization are proposed in this paper, and the effects of whether the two gas controls are decoupled or not are compared. The experimental results show that the undecoupled FO-DDPG algorithm has a faster dynamic response and more stable static performance compared to the fuzzy PID, DQN, traditional DRL algorithm, and decoupled controllers, demonstrated by a dynamic response time of 0.15 s, an overshoot of less than 5%, and a steady-state error of 0.00003.

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Padiachy, Vadan, and Utkal Mehta. "Novel Fractional-Order Proportional-Integral Controller for Hybrid Power System with Solar Grid and Reheated Thermal Generator." Solar 3, no. 2 (2023): 298–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/solar3020018.

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This paper presents a new fractional-order proportional-integral, (PI)λ (FO[PI]) type structure to investigate the load frequency control (LFC) problem. In the literature, some controllers’ extensive tuning options may slow or complicate the optimization process. Due to the intricacy of the tuning, even if there are fewer tuning parameters, a robust structure can be obtained. The (PI)λ structure deviates from the standard FOPI, integer PID, or PI-PD controllers with the same or fewer tuning parameters. The efficacy of a tri-parametric fractional-order controller is examined on a two-area interconnected hybrid power system comprising a photovoltaic (PV) grid and a Reheated Thermal Generator (RTG). In order to obtain optimal performance with lower control efforts, a novel dual-performance index is developed for the LFC problem. Various analyses are also proven to perform better than other optimized controllers from the recent literature. The presented scheme is significantly robust to disturbance interruptions, non-linearities, and parameter perturbations. It is also observed that there are no stability issues due to communication time delays. It is highlighted that the improvement can be obtained without adding complex structure or controller parameters.

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Valluru, Sudarshan K., Rajul Kumar, and Rahul Kumar. "Design and Real Time implementation of fmincon, MOGA tuned IO-PID and FO-PID Controllers for Stabilization of TRMS." Procedia Computer Science 171 (2020): 1241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.04.305.

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Almeida, Alexandre Marques de, Marcelo Kaminski Lenzi, and Ervin Kaminski Lenzi. "A Survey of Fractional Order Calculus Applications of Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output (MIMO) Process Control." Fractal and Fractional 4, no. 2 (2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract4020022.

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Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are usually present in process systems engineering. Due to the interaction among the variables and loops in the MIMO system, designing efficient control systems for both servo and regulatory scenarios remains a challenging task. The literature reports the use of several techniques mainly based on classical approaches, such as the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, for single-input single-output (SISO) systems control. Furthermore, control system design approaches based on derivatives and integrals of non-integer order, also known as fractional control or fractional order (FO) control, are frequently used for SISO systems control. A natural consequence, already reported in the literature, is the application of these techniques to MIMO systems to address some inherent issues. Therefore, this work discusses the state-of-the-art of fractional control applied to MIMO systems. It outlines different types of applications, fractional controllers, controller tuning rules, experimental validation, software, and appropriate loop decoupling techniques, leading to literature gaps and research opportunities. The span of publications explored in this survey ranged from the years 1997 to 2019.

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Sai Kalyan, Ch Naga, Pasala Gopi, Govind Singh Jethi, K. Harinath Reddy, and Mohit Bajaj. "Water Cycle Algorithm Tuned Cascade Controller for the Frequency Control of a Nonlinear Hydrothermal Power System with PEV Integration." E3S Web of Conferences 564 (2024): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202456406002.

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In this paper, a new cascade (C) fractional order (FO) proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and proportional-integral (PI) (CFOPID-PI) controller is designed based on the optimization technique of the water cycle algorithm (WCA) for the frequency regulation of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) integrated dual area non-linear hydrothermal (DANLHT) system. The PEVs integrated DANLHT system has two areas: thermal, hydro, and PEVs integration, and the system dynamic analysis is initiated for the step load disturbance (SLD) of 10% in area 1. However, the performance efficacy of the proposed CFOPID-PI controller is demonstrated by the performances of other reported controllers in the literature. Further, the impact of considering the PEV integration on the performance of the DANLHT system is showcased. Furthermore, the high-voltage direct current (HVDC) line is enacted as the tie-line with the PEVs integrated DANLHT system to obtain an improvement in system dynamical behavior. Simulation analysis revealed an enhancement in system performance with the deployment of the HVDC line as the tie-line with the PEVs integrated DANLHT system.

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Ula, Rini Khamimatul, Aryo De Wibowo Muhammad Sidik, Harurikson Lumbantobing, Bayu Indrawan, Anggy Pradiftha Junfithrana, and Handrea Bernando Tambunan. "Enhancing Hybrid Wind-Solar-Battery System Efficiency through Artificial Neural Network-Based Energy Management and Voltage Regulation in Micro Grids." Fidelity : Jurnal Teknik Elektro 6, no. 1 (2024): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52005/fidelity.v6i1.221.

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Energy management in micro grids involves an integrated information and control system pivotal for optimizing energy flow from generation and distribution, minimizing operational costs. Energy Management Systems (EMS) are crucial for leveraging distributed energy resources, especially amidst variable generation and pricing. This paper introduces an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-powered approach for managing a hybrid wind, solar, and Battery Storage System (BSS). Additionally, a 3 Port DC-DC Converter is proposed to sustain DC voltage. While renewable energy systems offer numerous benefits, their intermittent power generation poses challenges, resulting in grid power fluctuations. EMS seeks to mitigate these fluctuations while preserving the battery state of charge (SOC) within permissible limits to extend battery life. Implementation is conducted using the Simulink/Matlab platform. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated by comparing the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the suggested controller (1.52%) against conventional controllers: ZSI-based PID (3.05%), PI (4.02%), and FO-PI (3.32%).

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Nikkhah Kashani, Hoda, Reza Rouhi Ardeshiri, Meysam Gheisarnejad, and Mohammad-Hassan Khooban. "Optimal Cascade Non-Integer Controller for Shunt Active Power Filter: Real-Time Implementation." Designs 6, no. 2 (2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs6020032.

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Active power filters (APFs) are used to mitigate the harmonics generated by nonlinear loads in distribution networks. Therefore, due to the increase of nonlinear loads in power systems, it is necessary to reduce current harmonics. One typical method is utilizing Shunt Active Power Filters (SAPFs). This paper proposes an outstanding controller to improve the performance of the three-phase 25-kVA SAPF. This controller can reduce the current total harmonic distortion (THD), and is called fractional order PI-fractional order PD (FOPI-FOPD) cascade controller. In this study, another qualified controller was applied, called multistage fractional order PID controller, to show the superiority of the FOPI-FOPD cascade controller to the multistage FOPID controller. Both controllers were designed based on a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The obtained results demonstrate that the steady-state response and transient characteristics achieved by the FO (PI + PD) cascade controller are superior to the ones obtained by the multistage FOPID controller. The proposed controller was able to significantly reduce the source current THD to less than 2%, which is about a 52% reduction compared to the previous work in the introduction. Finally, the studied SAPF system with the proposed cascade controller was developed in the hardware-In-the Loop (HiL) simulation for real-time examinations.

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Jeba J, Evangelin, and C. R. Rajesh. "Artificial Neural Network with 3-Port Dc-Dc Converter Based Energy Management Scheme in Sustainable Energy Sources." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 12, no. 6 (2023): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.f4249.0812623.

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In micro grids, energy management is referred to as an information and control system that offers the essential functionality to ensure that the energy supply from the generation and distribution systems occurs at the lowest possible operational cost. Energy management systems (EMS) support distributed energy resource utilization in micro grids, especially when variable generation and pricing are present. In this paper, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based energy management approach for a hybrid wind, solar and Battery Storage System (BSS) is presented. To sustain the DC voltage, a 3 Port DC-DC Converter is also proposed. While renewable energy systems have numerous advantages, one of the challenges they face is the intermittency of power generation, leading to fluctuations in the power supply to the grid. Therefore, EMS aims to reduce these variations. Another goal is to maintain the battery state of charge (SOC) within the allowed ranges to extend the battery life. The implementation is carried out in Simulink/Matlab platform. To demonstrate the efficacy of the suggested approach, we compare the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the proposed controller (1.52%) with that of conventional controllers, including the ZSI-based PID controller (3.05%), PI controller (4.02%), and FO-PI (3.32%) controller.

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Evangelin, Jeba J., and R. Rajesh C. "Artificial Neural Network with 3-Port Dc-Dc Converter Based Energy Management Scheme in Sustainable Energy Sources." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 12, no. 6 (2023): 22–29. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.F4249.0812623.

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<strong>Abstract: </strong>In micro grids, energy management is referred to as an information and control system that offers the essential functionality to ensure that the energy supply from the generation and distribution systems occurs at the lowest possible operational cost. Energy management systems (EMS) support distributed energy resource utilization in micro grids, especially when variable generation and pricing are present. In this paper, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based energy management approach for a hybrid wind, solar and Battery Storage System (BSS) is presented. To sustain the DC voltage, a 3 Port DC-DC Converter is also proposed. While renewable energy systems have numerous advantages, one of the challenges they face is the intermittency of power generation, leading to fluctuations in the power supply to the grid. Therefore, EMS aims to reduce these variations. Another goal is to maintain the battery state of charge (SOC) within the allowed ranges to extend the battery life. The implementation is carried out in Simulink/Matlab platform. To demonstrate the efficacy of the suggested approach, we compare the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the proposed controller (1.52%) with that of conventional controllers, including the ZSI-based PID controller (3.05%), PI controller (4.02%), and FO-PI (3.32%) controller.

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Bruzzone, Luca, Pietro Fanghella, and Mario Baggetta. "Experimental Assessment of Fractional-Order PDD1/2 Control of a Brushless DC Motor with Inertial Load." Actuators 9, no. 1 (2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act9010013.

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The application of Fractional Calculus to control mechatronic devices is a promising research area. The most common approach to Fractional-Order (FO) control design is the PIλDµ scheme, which adopts integrals and derivatives of non-integer order λ and µ. A different possible approach is to add FO terms to the PID control, instead of replacing integer order terms; for example, in the PDD1/2 scheme, the half-derivative term is added to the classical PD. In the present paper, by mainly focusing on the transitory behaviour, a comparison among PD, PDµ, and PDD1/2 control schemes is carried out, with reference to a real-world mechatronic implementation: a position-controlled rotor actuated by a DC brushless motor. While using a general non-dimensional approach, the three control schemes are first compared by continuous-time simulations, and tuning criteria are outlined. Afterwards, the effects of the discrete-time digital implementation of the controllers are investigated by both simulation and experimental tests. The results show how PDD1/2 is an effective and almost cost-free solution for improving the trajectory-tracking performance in position control of mechatronic devices, with limited computational burden and, consequently, easily implementable on most commercial motion control drives.

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Sivananaithaperumal, Sudalaiandi, and Subramanian Baskar. "Design Of Multivariable Fractional Order Pid Controller Using Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy." Archives of Control Sciences 24, no. 2 (2014): 235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acsc-2014-0014.

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Abstract This paper presents an automatic tuning of multivariable Fractional-Order Proportional, Integral and Derivative controller (FO-PID) parameters using Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMAES) algorithm. Decoupled multivariable FO-PI and FO-PID controller structures are considered. Oustaloup integer order approximation is used for the fractional integrals and derivatives. For validation, two Multi-Input Multi- Output (MIMO) distillation columns described byWood and Berry and Ogunnaike and Ray are considered for the design of multivariable FO-PID controller. Optimal FO-PID controller is designed by minimizing Integral Absolute Error (IAE) as objective function. The results of previously reported PI/PID controller are considered for comparison purposes. Simulation results reveal that the performance of FOPI and FO-PID controller is better than integer order PI/PID controller in terms of IAE. Also, CMAES algorithm is suitable for the design of FO-PI / FO-PID controller.

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Anil Kumar, Vemula, and Arounassalame Mouttou. "Improved performance with fractional order control for asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 4 (2020): 1335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i4.1885.

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This paper proposes a control scheme for seven level asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge multi level inverter (ACHBMLI) based on fractional order calculus. The seven level ACHBMLI consists of two H-bridges that are connected in series and are excited by different dc voltage sources. A simplified model is developed by assuming the small signal variation component is equal in both the H-bridges. A fractional order PID (FO-PID) controller is designed for the ACHBMLI using the simplified model. Simulation study shows the adequacy of FO-PID controller in giving an output voltage with minimum distortions. A conventional PID controller is also designed for ACHBMLI using the same simplified model. The performance of the ACHBMLI with FO-PID controller is compared with the performance of ACHBMLI with conventional PID controller. The simulation results prove the superiority of FO-PID controller in maintaining the output voltage of the ACHBMLI close to the reference voltage and in reducing the harmonic distortion of output voltage of the inverter. The simulation was done using MATLAB and the parameters of FO-PID controller was designed using FOMCON tool box.

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Vemula, Anil Kumar, and Mouttou Arounassalame. "Improved performance with fractional order control for asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 4 (2020): 1335–44. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i4.1885.

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Ayten, Kagan Koray, and Ahmet Dumlu. "Implementation of a PID Type Sliding-Mode Controller Design Based on Fractional Order Calculus for Industrial Process System." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 27, no. 6 (2021): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.30306.

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This paper is devoted to designing a fractional order Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) type sliding mode control method (FO-PIDSMC) for a non-linear liquid level coupled tank process system. By considering the individual advantages of the FO calculus and PID type SMC method, this proposed FO-PIDSMC technique is designed to integrate the FO calculus method with PID type SMC scheme to obtain an accurate and robust liquid level tracking in terms of the predefined reference trajectory. The real-time experimental results of the proposed controller suggest a dramatic improvement over the traditional process system controller methods in both trajectory tracking and required control action.

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Munoz Hernandez, German Ardul, Jose Fermi Guerrero-Castellanos, and Rafael Antonio Acosta-Rodriguez. "Applying a Gain Scheduled Fractional Order Proportional Integral and Derivative Controller to a Quadratic Buck Converter." Fractal and Fractional 9, no. 3 (2025): 160. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract9030160.

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This work presents a fractional order Proportional Integral and Derivative controller with adaptation characteristics in the control parameters depending on the required output, gain scheduling fractional order PID (GS-FO-PID). The fractional order PID is applied to the voltage control of a DC–DC buck quadratic converter (QBC). The DC–DC buck quadratic converter is designed to operate at 12 V, although in the simulation tests, the output voltage ranges from 5 to 36 V. The performance of the GS-FO-PID is compared with the one from a classic PID. The GS-FO-PID presents better performance when the reference voltage is changed. In the same way, the behavior of the converter with the reference fixed to 12 V output is analyzed with load changes; for this case, the amplitude value of the ripple when the converter is driven by the GS-FO-PID almost has no variation.

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Babes, Badreddine, Amar Boutaghane, Noureddine Hamouda, et al. "New Optimal Control of Permanent Magnet DC Motor for Photovoltaic Wire Feeder Systems." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 53, no. 6 (2020): 811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.530607.

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This article aims to improve the permanent magnet DC (PMDC) motor performance for photovoltaic (PV) wire-feeder systems (PVWFSs) of arc welding machines. The considered technique is designed by direct speed control based on optimal Fractional-order Fuzzy PID FO-Fuzzy-PID controller. The purpose is to ensure optimal control of wire feed speed reference to reduce torque ripples and hence, the performance of the WFS is improved. The dynamic reaction of the proposed solar PVWFS relies upon the scaling factors of FO-Fuzzy-PID controller, which are optimized by using teaching-learning algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is achieved using an intelligent FO-Fuzzy-PID current controller based Perturb and Observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm. The PVWFS system incorporating the proposed method is tested and compared with the conventional PID control scheme under different weather conditions. The simulation of the proposed system by MATLAB\SIMULINK is carried out. The simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the considered control strategy in terms of the reduction in torque oscillations, optimizing electrical power and wire feed speed.

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Mahto, Tarkeshwar, Rakesh Kumar, Hasmat Malik, S. M. Suhail Hussain, and Taha Selim Ustun. "Fractional Order Fuzzy Based Virtual Inertia Controller Design for Frequency Stability in Isolated Hybrid Power Systems." Energies 14, no. 6 (2021): 1634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061634.

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In the present era, electrical power system is evolving to an inverter-dominated system from a synchronous machine-based system, with the hybrid power systems (HPS) and renewable energy generators (REGs) increasing penetration. These inverters dominated HPS have no revolving body, therefore, diminishing the overall grid inertia. Such a low system inertia could create issues for HPS with REG (HPSREG) such as system instability and lack of resilience under disturbances. A control strategy, therefore, is required in order to manage this task besides benefitting from the full potential of the REGs. A virtual inertia control for an HPSREG system built with the principle of fractional order (FO) by incorporation of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller and fuzzy logic controller (FLC) has been projected. It is utilized by adding virtual inertia into HPSREG system control loop and referred to as FO based fuzzy PID controller for this study. Simulation outcomes states that the advocated FO based fuzzy PID controller has superior control in frequency of the system under frequent load variations. It has been noted that the proposed control scheme exhibits improved efficiency in maintaining specific reference frequency and power tracking as well as disturbance diminution than optimal classic and FO-based controller. It has been validated that, the developed controller effectively delivers preferred frequency and power provision to a low-inertia HPSREG system against high load demand perturbation. In the presented paper, analysis based on sensitivity has also been performed and it has been found that the HPSREG system’s is not effected by system parameter and load variations.

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Mihaly, Vlad, Mircea Şuşcă та Eva H. Dulf. "μ-Synthesis FO-PID for Twin Rotor Aerodynamic System". Mathematics 9, № 19 (2021): 2504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9192504.

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μ-synthesis is a NP-hard optimization problem based on the generalized Robust Control framework which manages to find a controller which fulfills both robust stability and robust performance. In order to solve such problems, nonsmooth optimization techniques are employed to find nearly-optimal parameters values. However, the free parameters available for tuning must be involved only in classical arithmetic operations, which leads to a problem for the fractional-order operator or for its integer-order approximation, exponential operations being involved. The main goal of the current article consists of presenting a possibility to integrate a fixed-structure multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FO-PID) controller in the μ-synthesis optimization problem. The solution consists in a possibility to find a set of tunable parameters isomorphic with the fractional-order such that the coefficients involved in the approximation of the fractional element, along with the formulation of a fixed-structure mixed-sensitivity loop shaping μ-synthesis control problem. The proposed design procedure is applied to a twin rotor aerodynamic system (TRAS) using both MATLAB numerical simulation and practical experiments on laboratory scale equipment. Moreover, a comparison with the unstructured μ-synthesis is performed, highlighting the advantages of the proposed solution: simpler form and guaranteed robust stability and performance.

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Copot, Dana, Mihaela Ghita, and Clara Ionescu. "Simple Alternatives to PID-Type Control for Processes with Variable Time-Delay." Processes 7, no. 3 (2019): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7030146.

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Process industries include chemicals, petrochemicals, pulp and paper, steel, minerals, food, and power generation industries. Although diverse, all of these share common dynamics in terms of continuous variables and rely on the same measurements, e.g., level, flow, temperature, and pressure. They also have common actuators, such as valves and pumps. Additionally, they have variable time delays from process dynamics, such as mixing effects, measurement lines, or wireless data communication protocols. Processes with variable time delay can often lead to poor performance and instability. This paper proposes a fractional-order (FO) control design with adaptive laws for dealing with such processes, and a comparison is analysed against other controllers established in the literature for delayed dynamics. Two examples are presented to illustrate the advantages of the proposed approach. A real time-embedded control setup and interface to industrial standard devices is tested to illustrate the implementation aspects of the proposed fractional-order control. Comparison with other established controllers is given.

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Behera, Aurobindo, Tapas K. Panigrahi, and Arun K. Sahoo. "A FO-PID Controlled Automatic Generation Control of Multi Area Power Systems Tuned by Harmony Search." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 13, no. 1 (2020): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096511666180719105754.

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Background: Power system stability demands minimum variation in frequency, so that loadgeneration balance is maintained throughout the operation period. An Automatic Generation Control (AGC) monitors the frequency and varies the generation to maintain the balance. A system with multiple energy sources and use of a fractional controller for efficient control of stability is presented in the paper. At the outset a 2-area thermal system with governor dead band, generation rate constraint and boiler dynamics have been applied. Methods: A variation of load is deliberated for the study of the considered system with Harmony Search (HS) algorithm, applied for providing optimization of controller parameters. Integral Square Time Square Error (ISTSE) is chosen as objective function for handling the process of tuning controller parameters. : A study of similar system with various lately available techniques such as TLBO, hFA-PS and BFOA applied to PID, IDD and PIDD being compared to HS tuned fractional controller is presented under step and dynamic load change. The effort extended to a single area system with reheat thermal plant, hydel plant and a unit of wind plant is tested with the fractional controller scheme. Results: The simulation results provide a clear idea of the superiority of the combination of HS algorithm and FO-PID controller, under dynamically changing load. The variation of load is taken from 1% to 5% of the connected load. Conclusion: Finally, system robustness is shown by modifying essential factors by ± 30%.

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Caponetto, R., and G. Dongola. "A numerical approach for computing stability region of FO-PID controller." Journal of the Franklin Institute 350, no. 4 (2013): 871–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2013.01.017.

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Shi, Yue, Qingwei Liu, and Fan Yu. "Design of an Adaptive FO-PID Controller for an In-Wheel-Motor Driven Electric Vehicle." SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles 10, no. 1 (2017): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0427.

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Nourelhouda, Fartas, and Khelassi Abdelmadjid. "Fractional PID controller based on biggest log modulus tuning method with MOPSO optimization for distillation column." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 28, no. 3 (2022): 1396. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i3.pp1396-1404.

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Abstract:

The main contribution of this work is to design a fractional order proportional integral derivative (FO-PID) controller by combining the biggest log modulus tuning (BLT) method and multi-objective particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for the control of the challenging multivariable systems. The parameters of the integer proportional integral (PI) controller are designed preliminary using BLT method. The derivation parameter, the fractional integrator and the fractional derivation parameters is formulated as an optimization problem with many objective functions as minimizing the integral square error (ISE), integral time absolute error (ITAE) and objective function which contain the ISE, overshoot and settling time using PSO algorithm. An example of wood and berry distillation column is treated in this paper. A comparison between integer BLT, integer PSO, big bang-big crunch (BB-BC) algorithm, TLBO method and the proposed fractional BLT-PSO method is carried out. The simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink show the efficiency and merits of the proposed method for such systems.

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