Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Forges – Parisien, Bassin (France ; nord)'
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Bauvais, Sylvain. "Évolution de l'organisation des activités de forge dans le nord du Bassin parisien au second Age du fer : études pluridisciplinaires de la chaîne opératoire en métallurgie du fer." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA2016.
Full textThis study examines a region traditionnally poor of metallurgical production and treats the organization of forge activities during a period in which iron seems to have played a determining role in the structuring of socio-economic systems. Our work consists in a characterisation of the activities using a multidisciplinary approach which crosses archaeological and archaeometric methodologies. The internal texture of slags, scraps, and other metal objects represents the fozzilization of the techniques and a veritable "grammatical structure" allows us to decipher. Beyond this aspects, the present study explores the organization of iron and steel making as a global system; societal, environmental and technical. The fives centuries studied here reveal a succession of changes that commences at ancient La Tène with a general artisan production for the elite and moves to an omnipresent production and increasing specialization in which the primary material, shortly before the conquest, was centralized in the oppida and certain villages. This study has identifiedf inter and intra regional exchange circuits of the primary material (the raw masses from smelting, semi-products), in relation with segmentation of the chaine opératoire (smelting/forge) and the building of a societal hierarchy in the periods examined. This study has allowed for an important updating of the arachaeological map of iron and steel making in the north of France. This provides new perspectives in the interpretation of economic and social changes from those that have been common over the past few centuries
PERNAUD, JEAN MARIE. "Paleoenvironnements vegetaux et societes a l'holocene dans le nord du bassin parisien : anthracoanalyses de sites archeologiques d'ile-de-france et de picardie : methodologie et paleoecologie." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010607.
Full textThis work deals with the holocene vegetation evolution in north-western france (ile-de-france and picardie). It is based on the anthracological analysis of 27 archaeological sites from the mesolithic to the historic times (18th century). The first part is dedicated to the basis of the study. First, methods and technics are explained (chapter 1). Then, a methodological reflection concerning taphomic problems is developped (chapter 2). At last, anatomical descriptions, ecology and chrono-geographical distribution of the identified taxa are given (chapter 3). The second part is dedicated to the original study of five archaeological sites from the mesolithic to the iron age (chapter 4 to 8). Finally, in the third and last part of this work, a synthesis (the first one) of charcoal analysis realized in the area is made (chapter 9). Then, an anthracological biozonation is proposed which emphasizes the human impact on vegetation dynamics from the neolithic and above all from the proto-and historic periods (chapter 10)
Douvinet, Johnny. "Les bassins versants sensibles aux "crues rapides" dans le Bassin Parisien - Analyse de la structure et de la dynamique de systèmes spatiaux complexes." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344612.
Full textrésultats en réintégrant progressivement les autres variables de l'hydrosystème. Tous ces résultats aboutissent à la réalisation de différentes cartes de sensibilité dans ces régions du nord de la France.
Ferjani, Sarra. "Territorialité et changement social chez les celtes du nord-ouest du Bassin parisien entre le VIIe siècle et le Ier siècle avant J.-C." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010587.
Full textThis thesis' work follows a number of studies carried on for more than thirty years on the territory during the Iron Age. It focuses on the North-West Paris basin and covers up five centuries of evolution and occupation between the Ha D1 (625 BC) and the LT D1b (90 BC). lt relies on a very rich archaeological documentation supplying a relational database built after a long work of modeling and insertion within an-information system. 3,517 occupations were thus indexed and are divided into functional categories : domestic, funerary, religious and craftsmanship. They also include data linked to regional planning. This work focuses more particularly on the domestic and funerary data. Through the use of identical tools and methodologies based on statistics, spatial analysis and spatial statistics, the goal was to see how each of these categories of sites allowed to transcribe the evolution of the occupation, of the structuration of the territories, and also of the human groups. The question that arose was that of the hierarchy of the sites and, through them, of the society. The hierarchy was approached through a crossover study of fumiture and structures. For the domestic occupations, it was also the occasion to start considering the identification of the numerous activities implemented, which make it possible to characterize the complexity and the richness of the occupations
Chen, Ningxin. "Processus de transfert de l’eau et des contaminants agricoles dans la zone non saturée de la craie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS588.
Full textThe chalk aquifer is an important source of drinking water, and the quality of which has deteriorated in recent decades, due to the use of fertilizers and pesticides on the surface. Chalk is a heterogeneous medium because of its double porosity: matrix and fractures, and often covered by superficial formations. The purpose of this thesis is to characterize the transfer processes of water and contaminants in the unsaturated zone (UZ), and to understand how they are influenced by the properties of the UZ. This study is carried out on the underground quarry of Saint-Martin-le-Nœud. The chalk is covered by a layer of clay of varying thickness. The quarry is at the boundary between the UZ and the saturated zone (ZS) allows direct access to the ZNS. On the ceiling, the water percolates and in the lower parts watertable forms lakes. The hydrochemical and hydrodynamic properties of 16 sites (lake + percolation) were observed for several years. The study of the spatio-temporal variation of groundwater shows: water and contaminants are transferred mainly by the matrix (~1 m / year) with a part transferred by fractures (~100 m / year) and these transfer rates vary depending on the type of molecule (different between solute and organic molecule); the transfers are mainly results of the piston flow with a small part of direct transfer. Characteristics of the UZ’ effect on water and contaminants transfers and pesticide degradation: deeper water table has fewer contaminants; clay-with-flints promotes pesticide degradation by creating a perched sheet in the near surface; clay-with-flints accelerates the transfer of water and contaminants through preferential paths
Guechchati, Noureddine. "Etude par rpe et par irtf de matieres organiques : application a la serie phosphatee de tunisie et a la serie de charbons du sondage de gironville." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2036.
Full textLallahem, Sami. "Structure et modélisation hydrodynamique des eaux souterraines : application à l'aquifère crayeux de la bordure nord du Bassin de Paris." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-169-170.pdf.
Full textBarhoum, Sarah. "Transferts dans la craie : approche régionale : le Nord-Ouest du Bassin de Paris : approche locale : la carrière de Saint-Martin-le-Noeud." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066395/document.
Full textThe Chalk aquifer is a complex and heterogeneous system associated with a wide range of porosity (matrix, fractures and karstic conduits). These characteristics lead to a high heterogeneity of transfer processes and speed (ranging between 10-8 m s-1 and several metres per day). Furthermore, the Chalk aquifer is overlaid by superficial layers (clay-with-flints, loess and clayey-sandy deposits) with varying thicknesses. The impact of these formations on groundwater flows in the unsaturated zone (UZ) is still poorly understood. The aim of this thesis was to study the hydrodynamics and geochemical characteristics of free Chalk groundwater and particularly the role of the UZ and superficial layers. The chosen approach consisted in studying the spatial and temporal variability of groundwater level, dripping water discharges and groundwater geochemistry and search for controlling factors of this variability and compare it to the characteristics of the UZ of Chalk, the superficial layers, the land use and the climate. This approach was implemented at two spatial scales: at the regional scale of the North-West of the Paris Basin, around the Bray anticlinal and at the local scale of the underground quarry of Saint-Martin-le-Nœud which is a particularly interesting site (area below 1 km2) giving access to both the water table and the UZ water. Effective rainfall (Peff), dripping water discharge and water level variation chronicles were analysed using signal processing methods. Groundwater geochemistry has been studied statistically and using natural (major ions, electric conductivity) and anthropic (pesticides) tracers. At Saint-Martin-le-Nœud, the nature and thickness of the UZ and the superficial layers have been investigated with a geophysical survey and three holes were dug in the fields above the quarry. The results showed at both spatial scales a relatively low temporal variability with low and smooth water table responses and long time between reload periods and dripping water arrival. At the regional scale, the temporal variations of groundwater geochemistry are low. At the local scale, the evolution of underground lakes water electric conductivity indicates that water mineralization displays relatively low temporal variations. However, NO3-, Cl- and SO42- concentrations in lakes water varied significantly during the study. The results also highlighted a strong spatial variability. Thus, at the regional scale, piezometric variations are very different from one borehole to the next. Similarly, in the quarry of Saint-Martin-le-Nœud, lakes water level and dripping water discharges are spatially heterogeneous. Water geochemistry also displays a strong spatial variability at both regional and local scales
Génot, Patrick. "Les chlorophycees calcaires du paleogene d'europe nord-occidentale (bassin de paris, bretagne, cotentin, bassin de mons)." Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT2060.
Full textSHOUT, H. "Traitements et interpretations des donnees magnetotelluriques dans le bassin sud-ouest et nord-est de paris." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066625.
Full textMorin, Eymeric. "Evolution morpho-sédimentaire de la vallée de la Choisille (Sud-Ouest du Bassin Parisien, France) depuis le Weichsélien : spécificité de l'impact climatique et anthropique en Europe du Nord-Ouest." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4013/document.
Full textThe spatio-temporal variability of the Choisille valley morpho-sedimentary evolution (catchment: 288 km²), a tributary of the middle Loire River in the south-western Parisian Basin (37), was studied through 78 core-drillings (8 transects), geophysical prospecting, sedimentological analyses and 14C and OSL dating. Eight phases of fluvial system evolution were defined and correlated with palynological and archaeological dataset, in order to highlight the impact of forcing factors: climate and/or human activity. From the Weichselian up to the Subatlantic, the fluvial incision or sedimentation activity has strictly evolved under climate control. Since the Allerød, this evolution was different from what has been observed on other rivers of north-western Europe, indicating regional climatic or geological specificities. Since the Bronze Ages, the river has evolved under climatic and human control; the anthropogenic impact on sedimentation was dominant, but spatio-temporaly variable in the catchment, in relationship with the agricultural potentialities of the different areas
David, Rémi. "Modélisation de la végétation holocène du Nord-Ouest de la France : reconstruction de la chronologie et de l’évolution du couvert végétal du Bassin parisien et du Massif armoricain." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S018/document.
Full textUnderstanding the complex relationship between nature and societies has always been a challenge for environmental sciences. With the growing impact of databases in many disciplines, the modelling appears as one of the most attractive methods for understanding and describing environmental changes. The main objectives of this research work are 1) to reconstruct the structure of the regional vegetation cover and to determine its trends during the Holocene in two regions of north-western France, the Paris Basin and the Armorican Massif, and 2) to interpret them in terms of relationships between the pre- and proto-historic societies and their environment. Thus, we set up a methodological approach aimed at 1) redefining the chronological framework of pollen sequences collected for both regions, 2) testing, adapting and then applying a model in order to produce quantitative estimates of vegetation cover, 3) defining a history of the estimated vegetation for each area modelled, 4) comparing these regional results and 5) confronting them to the available informations in terms of densities of archaeological sites and proximity of these sites to the pollen samples locations. From the general framework structuring the vegetation cover changes for both study areas stand out the major steps of the development of natural landscapes during the Holocene. Nevertheless, regional distinctive features were identified; both in terms of chronology of the vegetation cover changes, than in terms of relative proportions of taxa in the vegetation estimates. Some singularity must be recognized in the Holocene landscape evolution for each of these two parts of north-western France. We noticed distinct rates and rhythms, concerning the anthropogenic impact on the Paris Basin and the Armorican Massif estimated vegetation covers, from the late Mesolithic to the late Neolithic. On the other hand, we found similarities between both areas concerning the estimated proportions for anthropogenic markers taxa between the late Neolithic and the late Bronze Age. Clear links between changes observed in human impact on the vegetation cover estimates and those recorded in the density of archaeological sites were also noticed
Thuillot, Philippe. "Les châtellenies au nord du Bassin parisien, du Xe au XIIIe siècles : étude sur les cadres institutionnels et les lieux de pouvoir, sur la société aristocratique (princes, comtes et chevaliers)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC0008/document.
Full textThe debates between historians who study the feudal period,10th-12thc., relate on the seigneurie castrale, its appearance, its development, but with one presupposition: the appearance of the castles translates the crisis of public authority, its scattering in the hands of the aristocracy for which the castles become instruments of domination, the year 1000 marking a decisive stage in this process. The thesis tries to bring elements of discussion by the study of the castle phenomenon formation of the castles, the shapes of the fortifications, their role, their evolution. Their establishment and their functions make it possible to bring a new light on what is a châtellenie, and its setting in prospect in the long term, since the first millenium. The evolution of the villa to seigneurie rurale constitutes a chapter which tries to understand what is a seigneurie, its rights and its functions, and the various actors of the creation of the seigneuries. In a second part, the study of the families evolving in the castles and their resorts makes it possible to bring new elements on the origin of the new counts, the lords of castles and the garrisons of the castles. It is integrated firmly in the debate on knighthood : new men, soldiers of fortune, or heirs to the Carolingian aristocracy. The behavior of the families is also studied, and the evolutions between kinships. They are impacted by the extension of the feodo-vassalic links which relate more and more to every aspect of life, inheritances and freehold possessions. The study of the evolution of the “feudal” society tries to clarify the passage from the castle, holder of the public power, to the castle, residence of an aristocracy and locus of tenseness by the rural populations as soon as the14th century. It seeks to establish if there were actually a feudal “change” on the eve of the year 1000, or if it was an evolutionary process on the long term
David, Rémi. "Modélisation de la végétation holocène du Nord-Ouest de la France : reconstruction de la chronologie et de l'évolution du couvert végétal du Bassin parisien et du Massif armoricain." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01060260.
Full textMorin, Eymeric. "Évolution morpho-sédimentaire de la vallée de la Choisille (sud-ouest du Bassin parisien, France) depuis le Weichsélien. Spécificité de l'impact climatique et anthropique en Europe du Nord-Ouest." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00627074.
Full textGonnet, Adrien. "Du plateau au fond de vallée : apport de l'étude de trois sites archéologiques à la compréhension des dynamiques géomorphologiques holocènes en Normandie." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR109/document.
Full textSince the end of the Pleistocene, the variations of environmental and anthropic conditions influenced the morpho-sedimentary dynamics of North-Western european catchments. The small hydrosystem are very sensitive to these evolutions, recorded in sedimentary archives. Our approach confronts geoscience, archaeology and geomorphological data, in order to apprehend the interrelationships between Human activity, climate and environment during the Holocene in Normandy. By studying the sedimentary archives from three settlements, from the plateau to the valleys, our aim is to discriminate climato-anthropic forcing for each episode of erosion and sedimentation. The three sites, located in small catchments, give pedo-sedimentary references for each geosystemic unit. The study a loessic plateau shows an intense erosion of Holocene luvisol since the end of La Tene period. The colluvial deposits, accumulated in a dry valley show the continuity of detrital sedimentation, and the intensification of erosional processes during modern times. At the bottom of a slope, the study of Brionne’s sedimentary archives reveals the Late Glacial sequence and the tufa diagenesis at the early Holocene. The Holocene sequence on a small coastal valley, la Scie, allows to reconstruct its diachronical evolution, the morphosedimentary dynamics and the landcape evolution. The diachronical evolution of these three sites shows the synchronicity of events, even if some ones appear to be local. These data enter in the well-documented context of the Paris Basin. Comparing those sequences has revealed the spatial and chronological complexity of the landscape responses to the human and climate forcing
Talebi, Shahriar. "Source et propagation des émissions sismo-acoustiques engendrées par des injections de fluide dans un massif rocheux." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066306.
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