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Guggila Niharika, Mekala Pallavi, and Arumugam Yasodha. "Formulation and evaluation of Ebastine transferosomes." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 19, no. 1 (2024): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.19.1.0446.
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The present study was focused on formulating and evaluating Ebastine containing Transferosomes formulation for in vitro studies. Transferosomes formulations were prepared by using cold method and were evaluated for in vitro characteristics, stability studies. Transferosomes formulation displayed highest entrapment efficiency with desired particle size. SEM analyses showed that Transferosomes formulation was spherical in shape. Transferosomes containing lipid higher percentage of drug release after 8 h as compared to other formulations. F-2 formulation was found to be stable at the end of the study on storage condition. The present study suggested that Transferosomes gel formulations provide sustained and prolonged delivery of drug with enhance bioavailability.
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Guggila, Niharika, Pallavi Mekala, and Yasodha Arumugam. "Formulation and evaluation of Ebastine transferosomes." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 19, no. 1 (2024): 393–400. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13789923.
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The present study was focused on formulating and evaluating Ebastine containing Transferosomes formulation for <em>in vitro</em> studies. Transferosomes formulations were prepared by using cold method and were evaluated for <em>in vitro</em> characteristics, stability studies. Transferosomes formulation displayed highest entrapment efficiency with desired particle size. SEM analyses showed that Transferosomes formulation was spherical in shape. Transferosomes containing lipid higher percentage of drug release after 8 h as compared to other formulations. F-2 formulation was found to be stable at the end of the study on storage condition. The present study suggested that Transferosomes gel formulations provide sustained and prolonged delivery of drug with enhance bioavailability.
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Ashok, Kumar Sharma, Pushpendra Singh Naruka Dr., Shankar Soni Mr., Mohit Khandelwal Mr., Shaneza Aman Ms., and Sharma Mukesh. "DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION HYDROGEL OF KETOCONAZOLE." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research 11, no. 3 (2019): 01–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12672946.
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The main aim of this study was to develop a topical drug delivery (Hydrogel) ofKetoconazole to reduce the dose of the active drug, to improve patient compliance, to avoidthe side effects and increase local onset absorption and action. Ketoconazole interfarewith 14-α sterol demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme essential for conversion oflanosterol to ergosterol. These turn in inhibition in synthesis of ergosterol and also enhancecellular permeability of fungus due to reduced amounts of ergosterol present in the fungal cellmembrane. Methods: Topical Hydrogel formulations development of Ketoconazole wasprepared by using Different-different polymers by enhancer stability and viscosity with theirdifferent concentrations. Six different formulations of Ketoconazole were prepared andevaluated parameters with respect to their colour, Spreadability, viscosity, determination ofpH, drug content of formulations, in vitro drug release studies, and stability studies. Results:FT-IR study results that there were not any interaction between the drug, Polymers, andexcipients. All the developed formulations of Ketoconazole show acceptable standardphysical properties. The drug content and percentage yield were higher for F5 formulationamong all formulation. F5 shows better drug release. Stability study of the best formulationF5 with guar gum polymer was found with best results. Conclusion: From the aboveobservation results that this F5 formulation may be more effective topical formulation for thehealing of fungal infections in the skin.
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Thakur, R. S., A. Nayaz, and Y. Koushik. "Formulation and Evaluation of Solubility Enhanced Ciprofloxacin." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 6, no. 3 (2013): 2131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2013.6.3.4.
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In the case of solubility limited absorption, creating supersaturation in the GI fluid is very critical as supersaturation may provide great improvement of oral absorption. The techniques to create the so-called supersaturation in the GI fluid include microemulsions, emulsions, liposomes, complexations, polymeric micelles, and conventional micelles. Ciprofloxacin was chosen because it is practically insoluble in water; hence its salt form is used commercially, which is soluble in water. The objective of the present investigation was to enhance the solubility of Ciprofloxacin by formulating it into microemulsion system. For this purpose, initially, surfactant and cosurfactant were selected based on their HLB value, followed by pseudo-ternary phase diagrams to identify the microemulsion existing zone. Different formulations were developed and evaluated for pH, conductivity, in vitro release and stability. Solubility study was performed for optimized formulation. The pH of the designed formulations varied from 6.02-7.04. This was ideal and near blood pH 7.4. Conductivity data indicated that the microemulsion was of the o/w type. In vitro release of optimized formulation(FM3) was 95.2% as compared to pure drug 46.61% after 90 min and marketed product(salt form) 93.9%. Hence, by formulating into microemulsion, the solubility of ciprofloxacin is significantly enhanced. 
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Gayathri, B. Leela, T. Pavani, P. Ram Prathap, et al. "Formulation and evaluation of dipotassium clorazepate topical gels." International Journal of Experimental and Biomedical Research 4, no. 1 (2025): 26–36. https://doi.org/10.26452/ijebr.v4i1.719.
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This investigation aimed to formulate and evaluate a topical gel containing dipotassium clorazepate. To achieve the desired drug release, a topical gel containing dipotassium clorazepate was synthesized using the dispersion method. Three different gelling agents, carbopol 934p, HPMC K100, and sodium alginate, were used in four different ratios. Twelve gel formulations of dipotassium clorazepate that had been prepared were assessed for stability, drug release kinetics, drug diffusion, pH measurement, viscosity, and drug content. Drug-polymer compatibility studies were done using the Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrophotometer. The absence of extraneous interactions among excipients was established using FTIR. F4 released 98.53% of the drug after the eighth hour and was regarded as the best formulation. Thus, formulations containing Carbopol outperformed other formulations. Even after 6 months, the stability investigation revealed no significant change in the optimum formulation's drug content analysis or in-vitro dissolution study. The stability data were analyzed using the "Stab" software, and the anticipated shelf life term for the best formulation was 12.14 months.
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Saini, Tanishk, Manvi Sharma, Deepti Katiyar, Priya Bansal, and Jagannath Sahoo. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTHELMINTIC HERBAL FORMULATIONS." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 9, no. 3 (2018): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.09394.
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Sohel, Shaikh Tejashri Kedar Abubakar Shaikh Aman Shaikh Devang Shah. "Formulation And Evaluation Of Herbal Hair Oil." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 5 (2024): 1851–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11403273.
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Currently, shampoo, conditioners and also some hair tonics formulations using the herbal extract are popular hair care products. The herbal hair oils are critical part of herbal natural cosmetics. The herbal formulations probably have less side effects as compare with the synthetic one. The main goal of present study is the preparation of herbal hair oil using the various herbal ingredients like curry leaves, rose petals, hibiscus, rosemary, meth, coconut oil, almond oil, and also evaluation of herbal oil formulation was performed by determining various parameters, like pH, viscosity, saponification value and are reported in this paper. By taking mixture of above crude drugs the formulation was prepared by the boiling method in the form of hair oil. Herbal hair oil is greater and also used in lot of aliments of hair. From the both prepared formulations F1 formulation have characteristic results. This prepared formulation has anti-hair fall and also other properties such as anti-dandruff effect, reduces hair pigment, helps to improve blood circulation of the scalp and roots, reduces hair graying, anti-fungal effect.
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Khan, Rahman Ullah, Shefaat Ullah Shah, Sheikh Abdur Rashid, et al. "Lornoxicam-Loaded Chitosan-Decorated Nanoemulsion: Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery." Polymers 14, no. 9 (2022): 1922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091922.
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Nanoemulsions are promising drug delivery systems for the administration of poorly soluble drugs like lornoxicam (LRX) by oral or parenteral routes. Such formulations work perfectly for transdermal delivery of lornoxicam-type drugs. It has also been established that formulating such a delivery system is highly dependent on the presence, type, and concentration of excipients taking part in the formulation. The inherent characteristics of nanoemulsion (NE), i.e., smaller globule size and excipient nature, facilitate the drug’s passage through skin. The current study was aimed at the development of an NE-based formulation of LRX to improve the drug solubility in vitro as well as to enhance drug skin permeation to promote therapeutic outcome in appropriate time. Spontaneous self-emulsification technique was utilized to develop optimized LRX-encapsulated NE-based formulations. ATR-FTIR spectra of the pure drug and various formulations did not show any interaction between the drug and various formulation excipients showing compatibility. Globule size for stable formulations ranged between 63–168 nm. These formulations were characterized for viscosity, surface tension, pH, drug encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release, and drug skin permeation studies. Chitosan-decorated optimized NE formulation of LRX showed about 58.82% cumulative drug release, showing an anomalous non-Fickian diffusion mechanism of drug release. Drug encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release, and skin permeation studies exhibited promising results. An appreciable drug entrapment efficiency was exhibited by optimized NE formulations LRX-6, 71.91 ± 3.17% and C-LRX, 65.25 ± 4.89%. Permeability parameters like enhancement ratio (Er), permeability constant (Kp), and steady state flux (Jss) showed higher values and exhibited good results based on formulation type. The selected promising formulation type “LRX-6” showed significantly different results as compared to other formulations (LRX-4, 5, and 7). The skin permeation property of the LRX-6 formulation was compared to similar chitosan-based formulations and was found to have better skin permeation results than chitosan-based formulations. This study clearly exhibited that an LRX-containing NE-based formulation can be formulated to form a stable drug delivery system. Such formulations are promising in terms of physicochemical characteristics, improved solubility, and high skin permeation potential.
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Srinivasan, Uma Shankar Marakanam, Vishnu Vishnu, Sharmila Sharmila, and Amod Kumar. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CEFIXIME TRIHYDRATE TOPICAL GEL FOR WOUND INFECTIONS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 8 (2018): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i8.26150.
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Objective: The objective of this research work was to formulate and evaluate topical gel loaded with cefixime trihydrate, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial wound infections.Methods: The cefixime trihydrate gel was formulated using polymers such as Carbopol 940 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E4M in varying concentrations. Three different formulations were prepared and characterized physically for color, syneresis, spreadability, pH, drug content, and rheological properties. In vitro drug release in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and antibacterial study were performed for the gel formulation to evaluate its therapeutic effect on wound infections.Results: The study demonstrated that the gel formulations showed promising results on their physical evaluation tests. The rheology behavior of the gel was shear-thinning flow type which indicated easy spreading of the gel. The drug release of the gel formulation F2 was selected as the best due to its highest drug release rate of 32.2% in comparison with the other two formulations after 2 h of the study. F2 formulation possessed the highest antibacterial activity as compared to other two formulations.Conclusion: A pioneering work was done on formulating cefixime trihydrate as a gel for topical administration. The antibacterial effect of the drug as gel formulation showed promising effect. We conclude that the cefixime trihydrate could be successively loaded into a gel formulation and can be used for effectively for wound infections like diabetic foot wounds.
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Polishetty, Saipriya* Mariyam Suryaprakash Reddy SK. Irfan Khan Afshan Urooj Dr. Y. Krishna Reddy Dr.K. N. V. Rao Dr. K. Rajeswar Dutt. "FORMULATION, OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF ESLICARBAZEPINE ACETATE." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 03 (2018): 1688–93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1209355.
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The present study aims at developing an Eslicarbazepine fast dissolving tablet formulation for the effctive treatment of Epilepsy. To provide the patient with the most convenient mode of administration, FDT’s will dissolve quickly. A Eslicarbazepine is absorbed to atleast 90% from the gut, independently of food intake. It is quickly metabolized to esclicarbazepine. So the present work was aimed at formulating fast dissolving tablet for Eslicarbazepine, total 6 formulations were developed by using synthetic superdisintigrants like cross caramellose sodium, Crosspovidone, sodium starch glycolate as superdisintigrants, in a different concentration and prepared by direct compression method and prepared tablets were evaluated for pre-compression and post-compression parameters after conducting pre-formulation studies. All the parameters were within the pharmacopoeial limits and drug disintigrations time was 30sec and wetting time was 38sec and the invitro dissolution showed that the drug release was about 100.62 within 15mins in formulation (F5) containing sodium starch glycolate as superdisintigrant, based on these parameters F5 was selected as best formulation. Key words: Epilepsy, Crosspovidone, Sodium Starch Glycolate, Crosscaramellose Sodium, Direct Compression Method.
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Nayak, Sachin, Kirankumar GD, Vikesh ., Pradyumna B, and Sandeshraj . "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL TOOTHPASTE." Journal of Biological & Scientific Opinion 12, no. 5 (2024): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2321-6328.12598.
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The present study is concerned with the formulation and evaluation of herbal toothpaste, which contains various properties like tooth abrasives, tooth whitening, anti-caring, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, desensitivity, etc. The herbal toothpaste was prepared using mango leaf extract and guava leaf extract as active ingredients, along with various excipients, which include calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium benzoate, glycerine, camphor, honey and distilled water. The toothpaste was prepared by homogeneous mixing of all the excipients and the herbal extract. Four formulations were prepared using mango leaf extract as an active ingredient along with varying excipient concentrations, four formulations were prepared using guava leaf extract as an active ingredient along with varying excipient concentrations, and a polyherbal formulation consisting of four formulations containing both mango leaf extract and guava leaves extract as active ingredients along with varying excipient concentrations. The formulations were tested for various parameters such as homogeneity, abrasiveness, foamability, moisture content, Spreadability, extrudability, colour, PH, and antibacterial activity. The study concluded that polyherbal formulation showed best results and was found to be best among all batches. The polyherbal formulation, F4 showed was found to be best among all other formulations.
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Nakka, Samantha A. Jayasree Praneetha. D. *. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF METOCLOPRAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE." Journal of Scientific Research in Pharmacy 09, no. 08 (2020): 13–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7626012.
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<strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong> <strong> Recent advances in novel drug delivery aims to enhance the safety and efficacy of drug molecule by formulating a convenient dosage form for ease of administration and to achieve better patient compliance. One such approach is oral disintegrating tablets. Oro-dispersible tablets are a suitable means of drug delivery system for better patient compliance, rapid onset of action, increased bioavailability. The purpose of the present research was to formulate and evaluate the mouth disintegrating tablets of metoclopramide hydrochloride. Metoclopramide hydrochloride was used as the active drug, and superdisintegrants like sodium starch glycolate (SSG), crospovidone (CP) and croscarmellose sodium (CCS) were used in the formulation. A total of 7 formulations were fabricated using a direct compression method. The amount of superdisintegrants was varied in each formulation. All the formulations were subjected to pre and post compression parameters. Preformualtion stability study was done to ensure the drug-excipient compatibility study. The effect of superdisintegrants on wetting time, disintegration time and dissolution profile were evaluated. Among the formulated batches, the formulation containing CP 5% and CCS 5% was the most effective and showed disintegration time of 26 seconds and dissolution of 104.02% in 10 min. The study showed that the superdisintegrants were effective in lowering the disintegration time of orodispersible tablets. The formulations containing CP showed better drug release pattern than the formulations with other superdisintegrants in the formulation of orodispersible tablets of metoclopramide hydrochloride.</strong> <strong>Keywords: Direct compression, Metoclopramide hydrochloride, Oro- dispersible tablets, Superdisintegrants.</strong>
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Jangid, Vikash, Arindam Chatterjee, Saurabh Pandey, Vikash Agarwal, and Deeksha Sharma. "Formulation and Evaluation of Bi-Layer Tablet of Nebivolol and Nateglinide." Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research 12, no. 3 (2023): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32553/jbpr.v12i3.993.
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In the present work, the Bilayered matrix type tablet were prepared by direct and wet granulation technique, in which immediate release layer ( by direct compression) contains Nebivolol and extended release layer (by wet granulation) contains Nateglinide. All the developed bilayer tablets were evaluated for weight variation, friability, thickness and hardness. The percent deviation from the average weight, friability, thickness and hardness was found to be within the prescribed official limits. Release profile of Nebivolol from formulations indicate that lower MCC (Formulations CF1 and CF3) and lactose (Formulation CF3) content displayed higher release rates as compared to formulation with higher MCC and lactose content (Formulation CF2). Also the concentration of KYRON T-314 is also found to influence the release rate of the drug. It was found that formulation containing the highest concentration of superdisintegrants (Formulation CF3) has grater release then other subsequent formulations (Formulations CF1 and CF3). Similarly, the release profile of Nateglinide from formulations indicate that lower HPMC K15M (Formulation CF3) and lactose (Formulation CF3) content displayed higher release rates as compared to formulation with individual HPMC K15M, HPMC K100M, EC (Formulations CF1 and CF2) and higher lactose content (Formulations CF1 and CF2).
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Venkateswara Reddy, B., and K. Navaneetha. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SUSTAIN RELEASE CYCLOBENZAPRINE HYDROCHLORIDE PELLETS." INDIAN DRUGS 54, no. 05 (2017): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.54.05.10262.
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Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride is a centrally acting muscle relaxant which is mostly available in the form of tablets and capsules. The present aim of the study was to develop a sustained release formulation of cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride pellets using powder layering technique. Nine different formulations of pellets were prepared by using different concentrations of Ethyl Cellulose-50, Hypromellose (HPMC), and PEG 6000 of all formulations, F8 formulation was the optimized formulation. The kinetic studies of F8 formulation was best fitted in the First order model as it had the highest value (R2 = 0.981) and it follows non- fickian diffusion. Among all the formulations F8 gave better drug release 85.7% when compared to innovator, F8 was selected as optimized formulation. The optimized formulation was kept for stability studies for 3 months at 40°C /75% RH and 25°C /60% RH and the results indicated that there was no much variation in their physiochemical characteristics and the formulation was found to be stable.
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Priya, B. Panchal G. N. Dhembre* U. T. Jadhao S. T. Thoke D. A. Rathod S. A. Wathore V. R. Kauthekar. "Development And Evaluation Of Orodispersible Film Of Telmisartan." International Journal in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 10 (2024): 1652–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14000663.
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The objective of this research work was the Development and evaluation of Orodispersible film of Telmisartan as model drug. This formulation was aimed to deliver the quick onset of action of drug Telmisartan in the management of hypertension, so as to enhance patient’s compliance. The orodispersible film of Telmisartan was prepared by solvent casting method. Orodispersible film of Telmisartan was formulated using two different film forming agent HPMC E5 and Pullulan along with crosspovidone as a superdisintegrant.Total six formulations were developed using varying concentration of film forming agents. FTIR compatibility studies showed that there is no interaction between the excipient and the drug. Prepared orodispersible films were subjected to evaluation study like, thickness, weight variation, folding endurance, disintegration time, drug content and % drug release. The thickness and weight variation for all batch formulations were satisfactory and ensuring uniform distribution of drug among films. Folding endurance test for all film formulations was found satisfactory. Confirming optimum flexibility of prepared films using both film forming agents. Drug content values for all formulation was within pharmacopoeial limit and ensuring uniform drug distribution among the tablets formulations. All batch formulations showed lowest disintegration time, meeting the criteria for orodispersible film. Formulation F5 prepared with pullulan showed lowest disintegration time as compared with other formulations. The in vitro dissolution profile of all the formulation showed rapid drug release. The optimized formulation of F5 was consider as the best formulation with respect to drug content, disintegration time, folding endurance and in vitro drug release pattern. The developed formulation F5 was found to be stable during the stability studies for 3 month indicating good stability of the films.
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YAVUZ, Akif, and Osman Taha SEN. "Novel approaches to assessing brake squeal propensity: comparative evaluation of two index formulations." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 270, no. 4 (2024): 7362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2024_3952.
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The persistence of brake squeal as a significant NVH issue within automotive brake systems necessitates the development of robust methods for assessing squeal propensity. This study introduces two novel squeal index formulations for assessment purposes and evaluates their performance against the formulation defined by the SAE J2521 standard. Experimental data essential for formulating the squeal index are collected on a controlled mass-sliding belt experiment. Experiments are performed at three different spring stiffness levels, and squeal index formulations are derived based on time and frequency domain data. The first formulation places particular emphasis on the time domain, explicitly considering the duration of individual squeal events. Conversely, the second formulation is based on the frequency response characteristics of the system, which considers the number of super-harmonic peaks in frequency spectra. To evaluate the performance and discriminatory capabilities of the newly developed squeal index formulations, extensive comparisons are made against the Squeal Index based on the test procedure described in SAE J2521. In conclusion, through meticulous analysis and interpretation of the experimental results, it is discerned that the squeal index formulation defined by time domain exhibits superior efficacy in discerning the nuanced effects of varying design parameters on the occurrence of squeal-like behavior.
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., Manishaanjane, Shikha Agrawal, and Amreen Khan. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NANOSUSPENSION OF VALSARTAN." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 10, no. 2 (2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2018v10i2.25874.
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Objective: The objective of the present research work was to formulate and evaluate Valsartan nanosuspension by nanoprecipitation ultra sonication method using different polymers to enhance solubility and bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble drug.Methods: Formulation of nanosuspension of valsartan by nanoprecipitation technique was used. The nanosuspension formulations were prepared using different polymers such as hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose E50, polyvinyl pyrollidone k-30, polyethene glycol 6000 and sodium lauryl sulphate was used as the surfactant.Results: The formulation of nanosuspension was formed clear and no sedimentation was seen on further shaking. The nanosuspension formulations were Valsatan shows maximum solubility in HPMC as a non-volatile solvent. All the Preformulation parameters were evaluated such as organoleptic characterization of drug sample, melting point, pH, partition coefficient, identification of drug samples by using UV spectroscopy and FTIR analytical method, preparation of calibration curves, solubility studies of drug sample like qualitative, quantitative and pH dependent solubility of drug in different pH buffer solution. The viscosity of the dispersion medium was more in F10.895 mPa-s and F2 0.894 mPa-s than the other formulations. The particle size distribution of the nanosuspension with zeta potential found to be negative mv. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that there was no possible interaction between drug and polymer.Conclusion: From this study, it was concluded that in recent advances in novel drug delivery system aims to enhance safety and efficacy of drug molecule by formulating a convenient dosage form for administration and to achieve better patient compliance, one such approach is nanosuspension.
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Yassin, Ghada. "Formulation and Evaluation of Optimized Clotrimazole Emulgel Formulations." British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 4, no. 9 (2014): 1014–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjpr/2014/8495.
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Maddela, Sudhir, R. R. Manjula, B. Pamula Reddy, et al. "Formulation and Evaluation of Piroxicam Liquid Fill Formulations." Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy 18, no. 2 (2024): 1705–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/ctbp.2024.2.19.
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Katta, Ashwini1 K. Kishore and Dr. Gampa Vijay Kumar. "DESIGN, CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF RIFAXIMIN EFFERVESCENT FLOATING TABLETS." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 12 (2018): 16583–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2429621.
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<em>In the present research work effervescent floating formulation of Rifaximin by using various polymers. Initially analytical method development was done for the drug molecule. Absorption maxima was determined based on that calibration curve was developed by using different concentrations. Gas generating agent sodium bicarbonate was used. Then the formulation was developed by using different concentrations of polymers of various polymers. The formulation blend was subjected to various preformualation studies, flow properties and all the formulations were found to be good indicating that the powder blend has good flow properties. Among all the formulations the formulations prepared by using Guar gum produced maximum drug release compared to other formulations hence it was considered as the optimized formulation. The optimized formulation dissolution data was subjected to release kinetics, from the release kinetics data it was evident that the formulation followed zero order kinetics of drug release.</em> <strong>Keywords: </strong><em>Rifaximin, Sodium bicarbonate, Floating</em>
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Shivani, Patil* Sanika Patil Varda Joshi. "Formulation And Evaluation of Hydrogel." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 5 (2025): 2494–99. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15426097.
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The present study deals with the development and characterization of Aloe Vera hydrogel preparation using the inner part of aloe vera leaf, carbapol 934, polyethylene glycol 400, triethanolamine, glycerin, methylparaben, orange oil, distilled water aloe vera pulp is converted into a liquid using the mixer and hydrogel is prepared by a simple dissolving method of other ingredients in a specific manner. Nine formulations were developed which differ in the ratio of hydrogel-forming polymer. All formulations were evaluated for physical evaluation, pH, Spreadability, % moisture content, antibacterial activity, washability, and viscosity. The formulation F6 was selected as the optimized formulation based on the evaluation parameter. based on the evaluation study, it can be concluded that Aloe vera hydrogel is a safe and effective treatment option used to manage skin-related diseases.
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Sharma, Ashish, and Dilip Agarwal. "Formulation and Evaluation of Montelukast Sodium Oral Dissolving Film." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 9, no. 1 (2021): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v9i1.893.
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The preliminary batches were planned for the formulation and development of placebos of fast dissolving film by using solvent casting method. Total 10 formulations were prepared by using concentration of polymer i.e pullulan in different proportion. In formulations F5 to F6 various concentration of pullulan were incorporated as well as in other formulation trails taken with different concentration of different natural i.e Sodium alginate, SSG and synthetic i.e HPMC, eudragit to find out best suitable polymer for the film formation. Among all formulations, formulation F5 was found to be satisfactory. The placebos were evaluated for various parameters such as physical appearance, weight variation, thickness, surface pH and disintegration time. F5 formulation came out with best result after various evaluations and so it was further prepared by incorporating Montelukast Sodium API. This formulation was then evaluated for various parameters along with assay, content uniformity and dissolution. The results obtained from the F5 formulation complied with the specifications given for ODF. A batch to batch was also observed after obtaining the results. Further, various batches were prepared with various concentration of PEG-400 and evaluated. It was observed that the batch with the higher concentrations of PEG-400 retarded release of drug from formulation. In vitro release studies showed that the formulation F5 match with the required dissolution profile, the drug release retarded in F1, F2 and F3 formulations due to different concentration of polymer and plasticizer, which did not match with the required dissolution profile. The in vitro release of formulation F5 was found to be most promising as it was in accordance required dissolution profile.
 
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Joshna Booravilli, Janaki Devi Sirisolla, and Shivani Saluru. "Formulation and Evaluation of Ketoconazole Microsponge Topical Gel." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 13, no. 4 (2022): 382–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i4.3630.
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Microsponges are those drug delivery systems which are intended in a way to deliver a minimum dose of the drug or pharmaceutically active ingredient to increase the stability of formulation, to alter drug release profile. Ketoconazole is an imidazole anti-fungal agent belonging to BCS class II. The main objective of this research work is to formulate and evaluate ketoconazole microsponge for topical delivery by using various polymers such eudragit S-100, eudragit L-100 in four ratios 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 by quasi emulsion method. The formulations prepared were labelled based on the ratios as ES 2. ES 3, ES 4, ES 5 for eudragit S-100 and EL 2, EL 3, EL 4, EL 5 for eudragit L-100. Evaluation tests like entrapment efficiency, production yield, drug content was performed and formulation of eudragit L-100 (EL 5) and eudragit S-100 (ES 5) showed better results. ES 5 and EL 5 formulations were optimized and tests like in vitro dissolution studies were conducted which showed that the formulation ES 5 showed released upto 8 hours and can be used in the formulation of gel. The gel (GES5) was prepared by usingmicrosponges containing the drug ketoconazole equivalent to 1 % w/w and was incorporated into the gel base made up of Carbopol 934. The microsponges were sieved and were dispersed in Carbopol gel. Evaluation tests like pH measurement, visual inspection, spreadability studies, drug content and in vitro diffusion studies. This method of formulating microsponges has improved drug delivery therefore helping in the enhancement of the bioavailability of the drug and also acts as an efficient carrier through the skin.
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V., Rajalakshmi S., and Vinaya O. G. "FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT, EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF MEDICATED LIP ROUGE CONTAINING NIOSOMAL ACYCLOVIR FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF RECURRENT HERPES LABIALIS." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 9, no. 6 (2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2017v9i6.19349.
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Objective: Aim of the study was to formulate, evaluate and optimize medicated Lip rouge containing acyclovir encapsulated inside a novel vesicular carrier, niosome so that the formulation can improve its membrane penetration. Formulating as a cosmetic Lip rouge formulation will also improve patient compliance in the treatment of herpes labialis.Methods: Acyclovir niosomes were prepared by thin film hydration method. Niosomes were evaluated and were optimized by considering the entrapment efficiency and in vitro release profile. The optimized niosomes were incorporated into lipstick, lip balm and lip rouge for selecting the best lip formulation. Based on the in vitro release profile, ease of application and properties of prepared formulations lip rouge was selected and further evaluations were carried out.Results: Among the six formulations of niosomes NF2 has showed 88.49 % entrapment efficiency and 86.97% cumulative drug release in 8 h. The formulation was optimized considering both entrapment efficiency and in vitro release. The optimized formulation of niosomes was incorporated into Lipstick, lip balm and lip rouge. The evaluation results of lipstick, lip balm and lip rouge for in vitro release suggested lip rouge as the best formulation. The percentage cumulative release of drug from optimized lip rouge at the end of 8 h was 84.77%. The percentage cumulative drug release in ex vivo studies for 8 h was 60.88 %.Conclusion: The results suggested that prepared lip rouge containing acyclovir niosomes can effectively deliver the drug than the marketed acyclovir cream and successful therapy of Recurrent Herpes labialis can be achieved.
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Mishra, Anjali. "Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Soap." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 13, no. 11 (2024): 1288–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr241120133600.
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Alta, B. P., Mrs Shireesha, Gattu Haripriya, et al. "Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Mouthwash." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 5, no. 4 (2024): 1421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0424.1119.
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V., Vane Vaishnavi, Prof Patil N., and Dr Megha T. Salve. "Formulation And Evaluation Of Ornidazole Topical." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 6, no. 5 (2025): 13499–503. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.6.0525.1927.
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Prakash, Gnana. "Formulation and Evaluation of Prolonged-Release Tablets Containing Solid Dispersions of Rosuvastatin Calcium." Future Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Sciences 1, no. 4 (2021): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/fjphs.v1i4.180.
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Pharmaceutical Industry is striving hard to improve the dissolution of drugs with limited water solubility. One of the approaches to improve the dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs is solid dispersion. Hence in the present research, an attempt was made to improve the bioavailability of Rosuvastatin by formulating it as a solid dispersion. The release of Rosuvastatin calcium solid dispersion was prolonged using HPMC. Eudragit L-100 and PEG-6000 were used as carriers. Nine formulations of prolonged-release Rosuvastatin calcium (RS-SD 1 to RS-SD 9) were prepared and evaluated for pre and post formulation studies. Among all the formulations RS SD-3 showed an optimum release profile with 97.5±3.89 % indicating it to be the best formulation in the present research.
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Yan, Xin, Qi Zhang, Tao Wang, Yu Luo, and Xianyi Sha. "Evaluation of Different Polysaccharide–Iron Complex Preparations In Vitro and In Vivo." Pharmaceutics 17, no. 3 (2025): 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17030292.
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Objectives: Iron-deficiency anemia is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide. Polysaccharide–iron complexes (PICs), as novel organic iron supplements, have garnered increasing attention due to their high bioavailability, minimal gastrointestinal irritation, and favorable tolerability. However, different formulations of PICs can show significant variations in their physicochemical properties and bioavailability. These factors are crucial for clinical efficacy and safety. Methods: This study selected two formulations of polysaccharide–iron complexes: Formulation A (PIC-coated pellets) and Formulation B (PIC powders), with ferrous succinate tablets (Formulation C) used as a control. The focus was on evaluating the molecular weight of the polysaccharides, the levels of free iron, and the dissolution across various dissolution media. Physicochemical properties were compared through particle size analysis, dissolution rate testing, and free iron content determination. Additionally, the pharmacokinetic properties of the two PIC formulations were assessed in a beagle dog model of iron-deficiency anemia. Results: Significant differences were observed in particle appearance and content structure between the two PIC formulations. Formulation A, prepared using pellet technology, exhibited a uniform particle size distribution. Its dissolution rate in acidic environments was significantly lower than that of Formulation B. In simulated gastric fluid, the cumulative iron dissolution rate of Formulation A was less than 15% within two hours, while that of Formulation B exceeded 50%, with substantial batch-to-batch variability. In various dissolution media, Formulation A released 12% of its dissolved iron content in gastric fluid within two hours. In contrast, the absolute free iron content of Formulation B was 8.5 times higher than that of Formulation A in simulated gastric fluid. In the beagle dog model of iron-deficiency anemia, Formulation A showed significantly higher bioavailability, which suggests that the pellet preparation technology improves both the acid resistance and bioavailability of the PIC formulation. Conclusions: The study revealed that Formulation A, prepared using pellet technology, possesses unique quality characteristics. This technology significantly reduces the release of free iron from PICs due to gastric acid action, potentially minimizing gastrointestinal irritation. Moreover, the pellet preparation process improves the acid resistance and bioavailability of PIC formulations, offering a more effective therapeutic option for iron-deficiency anemia. Future research may further explore the potential applications of pellet technology in other iron supplement formulations.
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V., Anitha1* L. Gopi2 R. Aishwarya3 L. Akash4 A. Afroze5 A. Abdullah6. "Optimizing Herbal Lozenges: Formulation Techniques and Efficacy Evaluation." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 11 (2024): 59–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14028700.
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This study presents the formulation of herbal lozenges using a heating and congealing technique. A thorough literature review informed the selection of excipients, which included Agar, Acacia, peppermint oil, citric acid, glycerin, PEG 1000, and PEG 8000. The lozenges were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, disintegration time, and drug content, with all parameters meeting standard limits. Among the formulations, F6 demonstrated the highest drug content at 99.35%. The study concluded that the herbal lozenges, particularly those incorporating agar and acacia, are a promising therapeutic option for treating mouth and throat infections and enhancing immunity in patients. Stability studies were also conducted to ensure the formulation's viability.
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Kumar, Akepati Sravan, B. Jagadeesh Babu, B. Nageswara Naik, and M. Pradeep Kumar. "Formulation and evaluation of miconazole-loaded nanosponges for topical delivery." International Journal of Experimental and Biomedical Research 4, no. 1 (2025): 16–25. https://doi.org/10.26452/ijebr.v4i1.701.
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In this work, nanosponges were made by solvent evaporation and mixed with miconazole to form a gel. Utilizing the solvent evaporation method, the formulations for the Nanosponges were created with PVA functioning as a co-polymer and rate-retarders HP-? Cyclodextrin and HPMC K4M. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red) spectroscopy was employed to ascertain the drug's compatibility with those in the formulation. We examined the surface form, yield of manufacture, and efficacy of drug entrapment in nanosponges. The Nanosponges' shape and surface morphology were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The spherical and porous nature of the Nanosponges was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. All of the nanosponges' variations were spherical, according to SEM pictures; however, drug crystals could be seen on the surface of the nanosponge at higher ratios. The drug/polymer ratio increased from 1:1 to 1:3, increasing in order as the polymer concentration increased. However, as the drug-to-polymer ratio increased, it was discovered that the particle size decreased beyond a specific concentration. The average particle size for each formulation ranges from 334.4 to 468.8 nm. The range for the drug content of different formulations was discovered to be 84.24 to 98.78%. While the other formulations' entrapment efficiencies varied from 91.78 to 94.72%, the F8 formulation's drug release was determined to be 969.92% in just 8 hours. The optimized gel formulation stayed stable for 15 days based on stability testing.
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Manish Kumar Gupta, Sujit Nagare, Birendra Shrivastava, Supriya Hyam, and Ketaki Dhane. "Development and Evaluation of Topical Polyherbal Formulations for their Antimicrobial Potential." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 8187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.1812.
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The different types of skin diseases caused due to microorganisms. In recent years the use of the traditional medicinal system was increased because of more minor side effects and cost effective. The single herbal drugs were found to be less potent, which can be improved by utilizing more than one herb in the single formulation, known as polyherbal formulation. The present work involved the development and evaluation of the different polyherbal formulations (cream, gel, and emulgel) using natural ingredients. The aim of the present work is to produce a formulation with improved antimicrobial potency and stability of formulations when compared with the individual extracts of herbal drugs. All the prepared formulations were tested against various microbial strains and concluded that the polyherbal formulations (C25, G1, EG1) were found potent against most selected strains. The prepared formulations can be used as a multipurpose formulation.
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Rajesh, Akki* M.Gayatri Ramya M.Hymavathi P.Dinesh Kumar. "DEVELOPMENT, EVALUATION AND STABILITY OF ZOLEDRONIC ACID I.V INJECTION BY LYOPHILIZATION TECHNIQUE." Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 04, no. 07 (2017): 2042–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.834723.
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The objective of the study is to develop a stable lyophilized formulation of Zoledronic acid for injection for better stability and for long term storage. The lyophilized product of all the formulations (F1- F6) prepared were an appearance of white to white Lyophilized cake. mannitol was used with water for injection . The filled vials were loaded into lyophilizer and lyophilized them as per cycle. Different composition of additives was used and the different pH concentrations of 5.7 to 6.7 were adjusted with sodium citrate were tried to formulate the formulation. The pH of all the formulations is in the range of 5.4-6.5. The related substances in formulations not exceeded the limit of 0.5%. The assay values of formulations (F1-F6) were in the range of 92% – 104 %. The formulations (F1- F6) show a water content range of 0.93% to 1.6 %. The results concluded that the formulation F4 is the optimized and the best formulation. Zoledronic acid was developed as lyophilised formulation for better stability. The obtained results suggested that a stable formulation for drug Zoledronic acid was developed which was comparable to reference listed product. Keywords: Lyophilisation, mannitol, Zoledronic acid.
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Hiwse, Ravindra, Rajat Pawar, and Sunita Patidar. "Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Film of Imipramine Hcl." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine 7, no. 1 (2022): 59–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2022.v07i01.003.
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This research work was aimed to provide faster onset of action of Imipramine Hcl (used for the treatment depression and bed wetting) by formulating its fast-dissolving film (FDF). Imipramine Hcl belongs to BCS I. The FDF of Imipramine Hcl was prepared by solvent casting method using HPMC (film forming agent), Glycerol (plasticizer), Citric acid (saliva stimulating agent), Mannitol (sweetening agent). The formulation was optimized by two factors, three levels (32) was used for the formulation optimization of fast dissolving film of Imipramine Hcl and experimental trials are performed on all 9 formulations. In which the amount of HPMC, Glycerol was selected as independent variables (factor) varied at three different level: low (-1), medium (0), and high (+1) levels. The drug release and disintegration time used as dependent variables (response). and formulation was evaluated for weight variation, thickness, folding endurance, drug content, in- vitro disintegration, in vitro dissolution study and stability study. Based on results it was concluded that FDF (F3) showed faster onset of action.
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Mayur, Dukare* Rafey Shaikh Rutuja Hirde Gaurav Sonune Surbhi Rawka Dr. Rao Javvaji. "Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 6 (2025): 137–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15572106.
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The increasing demand for natural and eco-friendly cosmetic products has led to the development of herbal shampoos as alternatives to synthetic formulations. This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a herbal shampoo using various plant-based ingredients known for their cleansing, conditioning, and antimicrobial properties. Selected herbs such as Neem, Acacia concinna (Shikakai), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Aloe vera, and Phyllanthus emblica (Amla) were used in the formulation. The prepared shampoo was evaluated for physicochemical parameters including pH, viscosity, foam stability, dirt dispersion, surface tension, and solid content. Sensory attributes such as color, odor, and texture were also assessed. The results demonstrated that the herbal shampoo met standard quality parameters and exhibited good cleansing and conditioning effects without the use of synthetic surfactants or preservatives. This suggests that herbal shampoos can be a safe, effective, and environmentally sustainable alternative to commercial shampoos.
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Pandey, Prateek, Anil Sharma, Hariom Sharma, Girish Kumar Vyas, and Manmohan Sharma. "Novel Researched Herbal Sunscreen Cream SPF Determination by In-Vitro Model." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 11, no. 2 (2023): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v11i2.1246.
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INTRODUCTION: Researchers' interest in creating novel cosmetic formulations has increased due to consumer interest in herbal cosmetics and increased patent activity. The rights of indigenous traditional knowledge and benefit sharing are also safeguarded under IPR.
 OBJECTIVE: To formulate and evaluate herbal sunscreen with determination of Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and anti-oxidant activity. To compare Sun Protection Factor of developed formulation with marketed formulation.
 METHOD: The formulation was developed according to the prepared formula. And multiple tests were done for evaluation i.e., physical observation, spreadability, extrudability, occlusion study, stability study and SPF determination. All the evaluations were found satisfactory. Characterisation of SPF was calculated according to the and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer (LABMAN Scientific instruments Pvt. Ltd.).
 RESULTS:The synergistic activity of all herbal compounds utilized in herbal sunscreen formulations, such as Cucumis sativus, Solanum Lycopersicon, and Aloe barbadensis Efficacy of photoprotection found in following order Marketed formulation > F3 > F2 > F1. For prepared formulation F3 provided better results in comparison to Formulation1 and Formulation 2. Formulation 3 was compared with marketed preparation and it showed good SPF value nearer to market preparation. Overall results were satisfactory. These results reveal that the prepared F3 herbal sunscreen have good SPF and good sun protection activity.
 CONCLUSION: Formulation 3, which consists of three formulations, has been found to be effective as sunscreen in every way. Since few people use sunscreen, there is a need to raise public knowledge of the risks associated with sun exposure as well as the advantages of using sun protection products on a regular basis to lessen these effects. This kind of research will be useful in offering consumers with an all-inclusive solution or product that will protect them from the damaging effects of sunlight.
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Kandukuru Sunil Kumar and Metta Naga Bhargavi. "Formulation and evaluation of triclabendazole nanoparticles." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 19, no. 2 (2023): 504–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.2.1575.
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The aim of the study is the formulation and evaluation of triclabendazole nanoparticles. There is a need to develop alternative novel drug delivery formulations of Triclabendazole to improve its intestinal absorption and also reduce its side effects during regular therapy. The Triclabendazole nanoparticles were prepared by hot homogenization method under high magnetic stirring using stearic acid as lipid, and poloxamer 188 was used as a surfactant. Initial pre-formulation studies using FTIR spectroscopy reveal no interactions between Triclabendazole and other excipients; hence, they can be used for the preparation of nanoparticles. The entrapment efficiencies varied from a minimum of 44.63 ± 0.94 to 83.15 ± 0.62%, and it can be concluded that higher amount of lipid is necessary for obtaining a good entrapment efficiency. The drug content of Triclabendazolenanoparticles for all formulations ranges from 65.9 % to 98.4%. Triclabendazole, being a hydrophobic drug, has moderate entrapment efficiency. A spherical shape was observed for the particles, and the particles had a smooth morphology when examined under SEM. In vitro release studies of the formulations carried out in pH 7.4 PBS showed that the total amount of drug is released for 9hrs with sustained effect. The formulations showed a drastic increase in size when stored at room temperature, where particles increased from an initial to 346.8 ±8.8 nm at the end of 1 month to 899.8 ± 5.9 nm at the end of 2 months. The entrapment efficiency of the formulation was determined at each interval to ensure that the drug molecules didn't undergo any degradation during storage.
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Kandukuru, Sunil Kumar, and Naga Bhargavi Metta. "Formulation and evaluation of triclabendazole nanoparticles." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 19, no. 2 (2023): 505–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10839601.
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The aim of the study is the formulation and evaluation of triclabendazole nanoparticles. There is a need to develop alternative novel drug delivery formulations of Triclabendazole to improve its intestinal absorption and also reduce its side effects during regular therapy. The Triclabendazole nanoparticles were prepared by hot homogenization method under high magnetic stirring using stearic acid as lipid, and poloxamer 188 was used as a surfactant. Initial pre-formulation studies using FTIR spectroscopy reveal no interactions between Triclabendazole and other excipients; hence, they can be used for the preparation of nanoparticles. The entrapment efficiencies varied from a minimum of 44.63 ± 0.94 to 83.15 ± 0.62%, and it can be concluded that higher amount of lipid is necessary for obtaining a good entrapment efficiency. The drug content of Triclabendazolenanoparticles for all formulations ranges from 65.9 % to 98.4%. Triclabendazole, being a hydrophobic drug, has moderate entrapment efficiency<em>. </em>A spherical shape was observed for the particles, and the particles had a smooth morphology when examined under SEM. In vitro release studies of the formulations carried out in pH 7.4 PBS showed that the total amount of drug is released for 9hrs with sustained effect. The formulations showed a drastic increase in size when stored at room temperature, where particles increased from an initial to 346.8 ±8.8 nm at the end of 1 month to 899.8 ± 5.9 nm at the end of 2 months. The entrapment efficiency of the formulation was determined at each interval to ensure that the drug molecules didn't undergo any degradation during storage.
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Dhananjay, Patil Momin Sanaurrehman* Vinod Bairagi Abdurrahman Mohammed Awais Shrivastav Karishma Rajashri More. "FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF FAMCICLOVIR ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLET." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 09 (2018): 8427–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1411930.
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Orally disintegrating systems have an edge amongst the oral drug delivery systems due to the highest component of compliance they enjoy in patients especially the geriatrics and pediatrics. In addition, patients suffering from dysphagia, motion sickness, repeated emesis and mental disorders prefer these medications because they cannot swallow large quantity of water. Further, drugs exhibiting satisfactory absorption from the oral mucosa or intended for immediate pharmacological action can be advantageously formulated in these dosage forms. However, the requirements of formulating these dosage forms with mechanical strength sufficient to withstand the rigors of handling and capable of disintegrating within a few seconds on contact with saliva are inextricable. Therefore, research in developing orally disintegrating systems has been aimed at investigating different excipients as well as techniques to meet these challenges. Famciclovir is an antiviral drug used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV), mainly HSV-1 and HSV-2 and varicella zoster virus. It is a BCS class III drug. Hence an orally disintegrating tablet formulation of Famciclovir was prepared by wet granulation techniques after incorporating superdisintegrants sodium starch glycolate. Six formulations were prepared. The formulation (F3) showed excellent in vitro dispersion time and drug release as compared to other formulation. After study of formulations F3 showed short dispersion time with maximum drug release in 10 min. It is concluded that fast disintegrating famciclovir tablets could be prepared by wet granulation using superdisintegrants. Keywords: Famciclovir, ODT, Sodium starch glycolate (Primogel), Microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel pH102).
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Thombre, Nilima A., Pooja S. Niphade, Eknath D. Ahire, and Sanjay J. Kshirsagar. "Formulation Development and Evaluation of Microemulsion Based Lornoxicam Gel." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 19, no. 1 (2022): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2968.
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The objective of the existing research was formulation development and preparation of microemulsion loaded emulgel in augmenting the topical delivery of Lornoxicam. Emulsion and gel combined are recognized as Emulgels. Gelling agents Carbopol 940, 974, 980 were used to formulating Lornoxicam emulgel. The drug release from emulgel was determined depending on the different gelling agents. Clove oil for internal phase and Polyethylene glycol 200 was applied as co-surfactant and Tween 20 as permeation enhancer. Prepared emulgels were evaluated for in-vitro and in- vivo anti-inflammatory activity using Albino mice and stability studies. The optimized batch of emulgel gave better results when compared with the marketed Diclofenac sodium gel. 90.42% drug release was detected in 8 hr. Prepared formulation was free from skin irritation and detected with 62.02% inhibition of edema. Correspondingly, prepared formulations were found to be stable. Developed microemulsion increased solubility of drugs, so that less soluble drugs can be applied in the formulation. Carbopol 980 (1.5 %) gave better results for emulgel. Therefore, microemulsion-loaded Lornoxicam Emulgel detected with better analgesic effect.
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Dr., Dilip Agrawal, Rakesh Goyal Dr., Mukesh Bansal Dr., Ashok Kumar Sharma Mr., Mohit Khandelwal Mr., and Shaneza Aman Ms. "DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ECONAZOLE ORGANOGEL." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research 13, no. 2 (2021): 15–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12667254.
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The main purpose of this study was to develop a topical drug delivery (Organogel) ofEconazole to reduce the dose of the drug, to improve patient compliance, to avoid the sideeffects and increase local onset absorption. Econazole is an imidazole derivative antifungal totreat fungal and protozoal infections. Methods: Topical Organogel formulations ofEconazole were prepared using span-60 with different penetration enhancer with theirdifferent concentrations. Six different formulations of econazole were prepared and evaluatedwith respect to their colour, Spreadability, viscosity parameter, determination of pH,formulation drug content, in vitro drug release studies, zeta potential studies, and stabilitystudies. The Compatibility study was carried out by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR)spectral analysis.Results: FT-IR study revealed that there were no any significant interactionbetween the drug, excipients and polymers. All the designed formulations of Econazole showacceptable standard physical properties. The drug content and percentage yield were higherfor F2 formulation among all formulation F2 shows better drug release. Stability study of thebest formulation F2 (Coconut oil) shows that there was no difference in drug content and invitro drug release studies. Conclusion: From the above observation results that this F2formulation (Coconut oil) may be more encouraging topical substitute for the healing offungal infections in the skin.
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Sunil Aher, Poonam Patil, Kiran Mahajan, et al. "Formulation and Evaluation of Lornoxicam Nanosuspension with Eudragit Rs100 Polymer." Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, S-5 (2023): 2227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is-5.1823.
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BCS Class II has a low aqueous solubility problem in pharmaceutical formulation. Hence to overcome this problem this research the was carried out for BCS Class II drug lornoxicam was selected to enhance the aqueous solubility by formulating nanosuspension with a polymer like Eudragit RL100, Eudragit RS100 and Poloxamber407 as a stabilizer. The present study focuses on the polymer Eudragit RS100. A total of four formulations LRS-F1, LRS-F2, LRS-F3, LRS-F4, and LRS-F4 were prepared with a ratio of drug: polymer: stabilizer (1:1:0.5 & 1:2:0.5, 1:1:1 & 1:2:1)LRS-F4 formulation was found to be optimized formulation with 90.00 – 100 nm particle size & -11.20 zeta potential and % drug release at the end of 10 hrs was found to be 96.88 % with the increase in the dissolution/saturation solubility of 70.36±0.09 ( µg /mL) of poorly water-soluble lornoxicam (reported solubility with 14.28 µg /mL µg /mL). The amount unincorporated was found to be 09.74 % with an optimized formulation. Moreover, the physical appearance of the nanosuspension was found to be up to the mark confirming that the nanosuspension is stable and has no crystal growth or crystal development with optimized formulation at a temperature of 4 °C for 3 months. Poloxamer 407 as a stabilizer.
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Vydehi, Maheshwaram* Alekya Muduthanapally. "PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF EXTENDED RELEASE TABLETS OF VENLAFAXINE HYDROCHLORIDE." Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IAJPS) 03, no. 09 (2016): 1043–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.157816.
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The present investigation is aimed at formulating and evaluating Extended release tablets of Venlafaxine Hcl using different polymers such as HPMC K4M, Eudragit RL-100.Venlafaxine Hydrochloride used for the management of major depressive disorder. Different concentrations of the polymers were taken. The physical mixture was evaluated prior to compression for determining the flow properties. These tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, content uniformity and in-vitro drug release profile. It was found that the formulation F3 containing HPMC K4M Polymer release 99% of drug In 24 hours time period and it is selected as a optimized formulation. Drug –Excipient interactions of pure drug and optimized formulations was carried out by using FTIR Study. Key words: Venlafaxine HCl, HPMC K4M,Eudragit RL-100.
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Kumar, Sagar1* Painuly Neelam2. "Formulation And Evaluation Of Herbal Analgesic Cream." International Journal in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 7 (2024): 258–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12657970.
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Herbal analgesic creams offer a promising avenue for natural pain relief, leveraging the therapeutic properties of botanical ingredients. This formulation is developed using standard formulation of herbal analgesic cream, each varying in the ratio of key ingredients to optimize efficacy. Turmeric, ginger, arnica, lemon balm, and liquorice were selected for their well-documented analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. The formulations were prepared using a meticulous process, ensuring the integration of active ingredients with suitable excipients for stability and skin compatibility. The method involved the preparation of herbal extracts followed by the formulation of the cream using a double boiler technique. Additional ingredients such as glycerine, methyl paraben, zinc oxide, and rose oil were incorporated to enhance moisturization, preservation, and aroma. The resulting creams were then subjected to comprehensive evaluation to assess their physical properties, stability, irritancy, spreadability, phase separation, and pH. All formulations exhibited a mustard colour with a semi-solid appearance and emitted a characteristic herbal aroma, indicating uniformity in preparation. Stability testing revealed that the creams remained stable over a four-week period, with no observable degradation. pH measurements ranged slightly acidic to slightly alkaline, with all formulations falling within acceptable ranges for skin compatibility. Irritancy tests confirmed the creams' non-irritant nature, indicating their safety for topical application. Spreadability tests demonstrated acceptable ease of application, suggesting practicality in use. Furthermore, all formulations showed no signs of phase separation, affirming homogeneity in composition. These findings collectively highlight the robustness and efficacy of the developed herbal analgesic creams. The formulations F1, F2, and F3 of the herbal analgesic cream exhibit promising characteristics in terms of physical properties, stability, skin compatibility, and efficacy. While all formulations performed well across various evaluation parameters, formulation F3 stood out for its slightly higher pH, which may be a consideration for specific preferences or requirements. Overall, this study underscores the potential of herbal analgesic creams as safe and effective alternatives for managing pain and inflammation, paving the way for further exploration and development in natural therapeutics.
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Manish Wani, Akshay Baheti, Satish Polshettiwar, Tanaji Nandgude, Aarti Shastri, and Yogita Ozarde. "Design and Evaluation of Flurbiprofen Micro-Emulsion Based Gel." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 7293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3868.
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Flurbiprofen via oral route has many side effects. Many inflammatory infections occur locally and close to the body's surface, so topical application of flurbiprofen is advantageous. Still, intact skin acts as a barrier and hampers skin penetration of the drug. Present objective of this work was to reduce the adverse effect of flurbiprofen and increase its bioavailability by formulating Flurbiprofen microemulsion based gel, evaluating it for its Physico-chemical properties and then finally conducting its in-vitro and animal studies to determine its efficiency. Arachis oil was selected as an oil phase as flurbiprofen showed maximum solubility in it. Microemulsion formulations (A1 to A9) were prepared by varying the qty of tween 80 (as a surfactant) and propylene glycol (as co-surfactant). Microemulsions which were found to give satisfactory results w.r.t microemulsion formation (F1 to F5) were converted to microemulsion gel using Carbopol 934 as gel base. The ability of different microemulsions to penetrate flurbiprofen through the skin was in-vitro evaluated. All the formulations were evaluated for their quantity of drug present in the formulation, pH, Viscosity, Spreadability, in vitro diffusion study. Formula F4, which showed good Physico-chemical properties, was subjected to anti-inflammatory study. Results showed that pH, spreadability, viscosity and amount of active ingredient present in formulations were in an acceptable limit. The standard calibration curve for flurbiprofen depicts the linear association between concentration and absorbance. The formulation F4 has the highest % release, 90.54% also showed a higher % inhibition of paw oedema after 4 hrs than marketed formulation.
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Hemamalini, Saravanan K. L. Senthil Kumar. "Formulation And Evaluation Of Medicated Chewing Gum Containing Metformin And Glimepiride." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 4 (2024): 503–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10943964.
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The formulation and evaluation of MCG containing a combination of anti-diabetic drugs is a critical endeavor in pharmaceutical research, aiming to enhance drug efficacy and patient compliance in managing diabetes mellitus. Combining anti-diabetic drugs in a single formulation offers potential advantages such as synergistic effects, improved glycemic control and simplified dosing regimens. Micro-crystalline cellulose, a widely used pharmaceutical excipients, can serve as an ideal matrix for such formulations due to its inert nature, high surface area and excellent compressibility properties. The formulation process involves carefully selecting compatible anti-diabetic agents and optimizing their ratios to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, the incorporation of MCG facilitates uniform drug distribution, sustained drug release and improved bio-availability, thereby enhancing the overall performance of the formulation. Evaluation of the MCG containing combination anti-diabetic formulation encompasses various parameters including physicochemical characteristics, in vitro drug release profiles, stability studies and pharmacokinetic assessments. These evaluations are essential to ensure product quality, efficacy and safety throughout its shelf-life. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical studies are conducted to validate the therapeutic efficacy and safety profile of the formulation in diabetic animal models and human subjects. Robust scientific evidence from these studies is crucial for regulatory approval and clinical adoption of the MCG containing combination anti-diabetic drug formulation. In conclusion, the formulation and evaluation of MCG containing combination anti-diabetic drugs represent a promising approach in diabetes management, offering potential benefits in terms of efficacy, patient compliance and overall treatment outcomes.
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Shilakari Asthana, Gyati, Abhay Asthana, Davinder Singh, and Parveen Kumar Sharma. "Etodolac Containing Topical Niosomal Gel: Formulation Development and Evaluation." Journal of Drug Delivery 2016 (July 11, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9324567.
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The present study aimed to investigate the delivery potential of Etodolac (ETD) containing topical niosomal gel. Niosomal formulations were prepared by thin film hydration method at various ratios of cholesterol and Span 60 and were evaluated with respect to particle size, shape, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro characteristics. Dicetyl phosphate (DCP) was also added in the niosomal formulation. Mean particle size of niosomal formulation was found to be in the range of 2 μm to 4 μm. Niosomal formulation N2 (1 : 1) ratio of cholesterol and surfactant displayed good entrapment efficiency (96.72%). TEM analyses showed that niosomal formulation was spherical in shape. Niosomal formulation (N2) displayed high percentage of drug release after 24 h (94.91) at (1 : 1) ratio of cholesterol : surfactant. Further selected niosomal formulation was used to formulate topical gel and was characterized with respect to its various parameters such as pH, viscosity, spreadability, ex vivo study, and in vivo potential permeation. Ex vivo study showed that niosomal gel possessed better skin permeation study than the plain topical gel. Further in vivo study revealed good inhibition of inflammation in case of topical niosomal gel than plain gel and niosomal formulation. The present study suggested that topical niosomal gel formulations provide sustained and prolonged delivery of drug.
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Raziya, Begum Sheikh. "Development and Assessment of Naproxen Mouth Dissolving Tablets." medtigo Journal of Pharmacology 1, no. 1 (2024): e13377773. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13377773.
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The market demand for orally disintegrating tablets has experienced a significant surge over the past decade. This intervention is particularly beneficial for geriatric and pediatric patients who experience challenges in ingesting traditional tablets and capsules. The utilization of a fast dissolving or fast disintegrating dosage form confers advantages to patients in this context. Fast dissolvable or fast disintegrating dosage forms are designed to rapidly disintegrate upon exposure to saliva, resulting in accelerated drug release within the oral cavity. The administration of fast-disintegrating dosage forms facilitates the absorption of drugs through the buccal mucosa, potentially resulting in a reduction of first pass metabolism and consequently enhancing the desired drug efficacy. The objective of this study was to create six different formulations (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, and F6) of naproxen MDT through the direct compression method, utilizing different concentrations of super disintegrants. A range of pre-formulation and post formulation evaluation studies were conducted, including compatibility studies, bulk density analysis, tapped density determination, angle of repose assessment, cars index evaluation, hausner's ratio weight variation analysis, hardness assessment, friability evaluation, drug content assessment, wetting time analysis, in vitro dissolution analysis, in-vitro dispersion technique analysis, and water absorption ratio analysis. The drug release in vitro examination of formulation F4, which incorporates cross povidone as a super disintegrant, demonstrated the highest level of drug release in comparison to the other formulations. A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of preparing MDT with enhanced naproxen dissolution through the direct compression method, incorporating super disintegrants. This study facilitated comprehension of the impact of formulation processing variables, particularly the super-disintegrant, on the formulation's drug release profile.
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Nikam, Shreya. "ANTI-ACNE GEL OF ISOTRETINOIN: FORMULATION AND EVALUATION." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 11 (2017): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i11.19614.
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Objective: Isotretinoin is a very effective drug in the treatment of acne vulgaris by topically. The objective of present study was formulation development of anti-acne gel using Isotretinoine and span 80 for topical delivery to cure nodulosystic acne vulgaris. Furthermore, the comparative study of all the evaluation parameters done with marketed formulation of same drug.Methods: Formulation of anti-acne gel of isotretinoin using Carbopol 940 as a polymer and incorporating isotretinoin in form of topical semi-solid gel using magnetic stirrer, Cremophor RH 40, and butylated hydroxytoluene. Drug was uniformly dispersed in Cremophor RH 40 and the respected solvents. Ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and glycerin were used as solvents in 15% quantity. Further, the formulation was evaluated for physicochemical evaluation of gel formulations. The prepared gel were optimized statistically and characterized for pH, spredability, drug content, viscosity, in vitro diffusion study, acute skin irritation test, and antimicrobial activity. Evaluation test was also compared with marketed formulation of isotretinoin, that is, Sortet gel. The antibacterial and anti-acne activity of different formulations was determined by modified agar well diffusion method on the culture of Propionibacterium acne also compared with marketed formulation.Results: The optimized batch (B10) showed highest spreadability (32.422 g/cm3) in all formulations and also have high percentage of drug contents (95.60%). The spreadability value was 17.998 g/cm3 showing good spreadability. The viscosity of optimized batch was observed less as compared to other formulations, ultimately showed releases also more. In the in vitro diffusion study, B10 batch release 85.69% of the drug as compared to Sotret gel. The antibacterial activity was studied on anaerobic microorganism P. acne, compared with marketed Sortet gel. Optimized batch showed maximum zone of inhibition to P. acne below marketed formulations and standard benzyl peroxide gel.Conclusion: The topical anti-acne gel of isotertinoin was successfully formulated and evaluated for different parameters. The results indicate that the active component, that is, isotertinoin is more effective when subjected in gel formulations and produces effective anti-acne activity in the management of nodulosystic acne vulgaris.
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Saurabh, Gupta* Dilip Kumar Chanchal and Surabhi Rashi. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CLINDAMYCIN PHOSPHATE EMULGEL." Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 04, no. 11 (2017): 4071–77. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1045473.
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<strong><em>Introduction:</em></strong><em> Topical drug administration is simplest and easiest route of localized drug delivery anywhere in the body by routes as ophthalmic, rectal, vaginal and skin. These are applied as wide spectrum of preparations in case of both cosmetic and dermatological, to the healthy or diseased skin. Drugs are administered topically for their action at the site of application or for systemic effects. Clindamycin is a lincosamide antibiotic. It is usually used to treat infections with anaerobic bacteria, but can also be used to treat some protozoal diseases, such as malaria. It is a common topical treatment for acne and can be useful against some methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. </em> <strong><em>Objective and aim:</em></strong><em> The aim of present study was to develop an emulgel formulation of clindamycin phosphate using Carbopol 934 or HPMC 2930 as a gelling agent. The influence of the type of gelling agent and the concentration of both the oil phase and emulsifying agent on the release of the drug and its microbial activity were investigate using 2<sup>3</sup> factorial design in addition, rheological properties were also evaluated.</em> <strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong><em> The present work is to develop Clindamycin emulgel adaptable topical drug delivery systems which provide protection against oxidation, fast absorption, prolonged release and enables reduction in dose and evaluate the emulgel using an ideal topical drug candidate of Clindamycin by suitable method with its release.</em> <strong>Keywords: </strong><em>Clindamycin emulgel, Formulation, Evaluation.</em>