Academic literature on the topic 'Frequency response analysis'

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Journal articles on the topic "Frequency response analysis"

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Mubasher, Hussain, Arbab: Naeem, and Khan Adeel. "High Frequency Modeling of Transformer Using Black Box Frequency Response Analysis." International Journal of Engineering Works (ISSN: 2409-2770) 4, no. 10 (2017): 190–95. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1037918.

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Lightning Surges consequently induce high frequency overvoltage to transformers. Therefore, it is alluring to study the transfer voltage of lightning surges from primary to secondary side of transformer. Keeping in mind the end goal to do lead this review, high frequency Siemens power transformer of rating 25KVA, 25KV/400V is to be examined. In this paper, an advanced and modified high frequency model of transformer is presented for protection of load against lightning transients. Suggested model is modified form of N.A Sabiha model and based on black box, two ports four terminal network theory. For No load condition, Transformer parameters are calculated on two resonance frequencies of 450 KHz &1 MHz using fast Fourier transform. Matlab/Simulink is used for simulation analysis. Both Time and frequency domain validate the accuracy. Resemblance between the measured and calculated results confirms the precision of proposed model when an impulse of 1.2/50µs is applied to transformer terminals.
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Korotyeyev, Igor Yevheniiovych. "Frequency Response Analysis of Inverter Circuit." Electronics and Communications 22, no. 3 (2017): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2312-1807.2017.22.3.104281.

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Tabesh, A., and R. Iravani. "Frequency-Response Analysis of Torsional Dynamics." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 19, no. 3 (2004): 1430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2004.831684.

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Kennedy, Hugh L. "Digital Filter Designs for Recursive Frequency Analysis." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 02 (2015): 1630001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616300014.

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Digital filters for recursively computing the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and estimating the frequency spectrum of sampled signals are examined, with an emphasis on magnitude-response and numerical stability. In this tutorial-style treatment, existing recursive techniques are reviewed, explained and compared within a coherent framework; some fresh insights are provided and new enhancements/modifications are proposed. It is shown that the replacement of resonators by (non-recursive) modulators in sliding DFT (SDFT) analyzers with either a finite impulse response (FIR), or an infinite impulse response (IIR), does improve performance somewhat; however, stability is not guaranteed as the cancellation of marginally stable poles by zeros is still involved. The FIR deadbeat observer is shown to be more reliable than the SDFT methods, an IIR variant is presented, and ways of fine-tuning its response are discussed. A novel technique for stabilizing IIR SDFT analyzers with a fading memory, so that all poles are inside the unit circle, is also derived. Slepian and sum-of-cosine windows are adapted to improve the frequency responses for the various FIR and IIR DFT methods.
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Ko, Jin Hwan, and Zhaojun Bai. "High-frequency response analysis via algebraic substructuring." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 76, no. 3 (2008): 295–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.2326.

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SAGA, Hiroshi. "Analysis of runoff by frequency response method." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 393 (1988): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1988.393_77.

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M.K, Ilampoornan. "Transformer Fault Detection by Frequency Response Analysis." IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 1, no. 4 (2012): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1676-0142732.

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Torres, Joao Paulo N., and Jorge Pereira. "Frequency Response Simulation Analysis of Waveguide Photodetectors." Applied Physics Research 9, no. 4 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v9n4p1.

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In waveguide photodetectors the bandwidth and the quantum efficiency may be specified almost independently because the absorption of light is in the longitudinal direction whereas the current flows in the transversal direction. Then, these devices may combine high bandwidth with high quantum efficiency. In this paper a detailed numerical analysis of the frequency response of waveguide photodetectors is presented. The calculations show that the capacitive effects limit the bandwidth but that by an appropriate choice of a series inductance the maximum bandwidth almost doubles.
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Ting, T. "Design Sensitivity Analysis of Structural Frequency Response." AIAA Journal 31, no. 10 (1993): 1965–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.49114.

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Cho, Tae-Min, Eun-Kyoung Lee, Hwa-Il Seo, and Kyung-Hwa Rim. "Mode Truncation Method in Frequency Response Analysis." Journal of Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 12, no. 1 (2002): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5391/jkiis.2002.12.1.039.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Frequency response analysis"

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Troeng, Tor. "Frequency Response Analysis using Component Mode Synthesis." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-37809.

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Solutions to physical problems described by Differential Equationson complex domains are in except for special cases almost impossibleto find. This turns our interest toward numerical approaches. Sincethe size of the numerical models tends to be very large when handlingcomplex problems, the area of model reduction is always a hot topic. Inthis report we look into a model reduction method called ComponentMode Synthesis. This can be described as dividing a large and complexdomain into smaller and more manageable ones. On each of thesesubdomains, we solve an eigenvalue problem and use the eigenvectorsas a reduced basis. Depending on the required accuracy we mightwant to use many or few modes in each subdomain, this opens for anadaptive selection of which subdomains that affects the solution most.We cover two numerical examples where we solve Helmholtz equationin a linear elastic problem. The first example is a truss and the othera gear wheel. In both examples we use an adaptive algorithm to refinethe reduced basis and compare the results with a uniform refinementand with a classic model reduction method called Modal Analysis. Wealso introduce a new approach when computing the coupling modesonly on the adjacent subdomains.
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Li, Jie. "High frequency power transformer modelling for frequency response analysis (FRA) diagnosis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538489.

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Transformer fault diagnosis through Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) has been receiving a great deal of attention in recent years. As a comparative technique, FRA has good capability and sensitivity in detecting mechanical faults that are difficult to identify by conventional condition assessment techniques. Power transformers are among the most expensive equipment owned by electric utilities, and it is not reasonable to produce deformation on actual transformers and carry out measurement sensitivity studies. On the other hand, simulation models, which can accurately reproduce transformer high frequency behaviours, are flexible tools for performing FRA deformation type sensitivity studies for deriving FRA interpretation rules. The main objective of this thesis is to develop appropriate simulation models for use in FRA diagnosis and to improve the interpretation of FRA responses through simulation studies. The transformer models developed at the University of Manchester (then UMIST) were by far the best representation of state-of-art modelling techniques; the inductance and the capacitance of the basic model unit were calculated using winding geometry and material properties, the frequency dependent conductive and dielectric losses were also included. In addition, mutual capacitive and inductive couplings between units were carefully considered to ensure the accuracy of the model. However, there is still some room for improvement on these models and during this PhD research, major contributions are made on as. follows: firstly take core effect into consideration to reproduce valid FRA characteristic representation in the low frequencies, secondly status of network terminal nodes are uniformed represented by externally connecting an impedance so that during FRA deformation sensitivity study, it is flexible to change the terminal condition, thirdly reconfigure the network node and unit relationship so that tap winding connection are precisely represented as the design, finally convert the single-phase model to a three-phase model and by developing a reduced matrix model, keep the simulation accuracy intact for a three-phase transformer up to 2 MHz, at the same time reduce computational time significantly. In detail, this PhD thesis describes the following three parts of my research: Firstly a transformer model incorporating a magnetic core based on the Principle of Duality is established to interpret low frequency characteristics of FRA responses (from 10Hz to up to 1 kHz). This model includes leakage inductances and capacitances of windings and can explain FRA low frequency differences caused by asymmetry of magnetic paths in three-limb and five-limb core transformers. Secondly, FRA characteristics were studied systematically using a component-system approach through building models for single windings, a one-phase winding set and finally the three-phase transformer. In this way the effects of winding structure, inductive and capacitive coupling among windings, among phases and terminal connection effect on FRA characteristics were studied. FinaUya complete three-phase transformer reduced matrix model is built, that can flexibly represent winding terminal connection and precisely describe tap positions. Using this modelling strategy, transmission power transformers at 2751132 kVand 275/33 kV voltage levels are simulated and numerous deformation sensitivity studies are performed, in order to gain better understanding on their FRA characteristics and to identify FRA features of different winding deformation types on these transformers. The research indicates that the overall approach used to develop these simulation models has helped in improving interpretation of FRA responses. The transformer modelling techniques being developed, with further refinement, can be a useful tool for FRA diagnosis and benefit the test engineers from the industry.
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Elvik, Gary G. "Frequency response analysis of T-ACS experimental data." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA384673.

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Visser, Wilhelmina Josefine. "Updating structural dynamics models using frequency response data." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262548.

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El-Hajjar, Houssam Ziad. "Identification of transformer mechanical faults using frequency response analysis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540009.

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Mahmoodi, Seyed Nima. "Nonlinear vibration and frequency response analysis of nanomechanical cantilever beams." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1193080354/.

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Ahmed, Ibrahim. "Use of frequency response analysis to detect transformer winding movement." Thesis, Ahmed, Ibrahim (2013) Use of frequency response analysis to detect transformer winding movement. Other thesis, Murdoch University, 2013. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/21677/.

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In this thesis, a study of continuous disc type 6.6kV transformer winding was utilised to investigate winding deformation by means of frequency response analysis (FRA). The equivalent electrical circuit is based on the lumped parameter model. Transformer elements include series capacitance, ground capacitance and inductance. The calculation were based on 6.6kV transformer design specification data sheet. The values of the parameters were changed in order to simulate a likelihood of failure on the windings, which would correspond to unique frequency range spectrum. The FRA simulation range is from 10 kHz to 2 MHz. Then sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the accuracies of the two types of measurand: transfer function (Vout/Vin ) and trans impedance ( Vin/Iout). Matlab/simpowersystem software was used for simulation analysis and the bodeplot command was implemented to graph the magnitude and phase of the equivalent circuit (healthy circuit) and circuit with introduced fault. A linear frequency scale was utilised in order to compare the small differences at certain frequency bands. This thesis presents FRA which includes sweep frequency response analysis (SFRA), the measurement techniques and interpretation of SFRA measurement. In this thesis, a simulation model of a continuous disc type 6.6kV transformer was utilised to study frequency response analysis (FRA) which includes SFRA. The model was based on lumped parameters using circuit elements of series capacitance, inductance and ground capacitance. Faults were simulated through change in value of series capacitance, inductance and ground capacitance. . It was found that an increase of 20% in inductance, which corresponds to disc deformation and local breakdown faults etc. alters the FRA signature over the entire frequency range (10 Hz-2 MHz). On the other hand a change in series capacitance and ground capacitance which correlates to disc movement faults occurs only at frequencies above 400 kHz.
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Mohseni, Bahar. "Noise Detection and Elimination in Online Impulse Frequency Response Analysis." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/57444.

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One of the main problems associated with implementing transformer impulse frequency response (IFRA) test online is coupling of external interferences and noise with measured signals, which can lead to misinterpretation of the results. To resolve this issue, in this study, initially, the distribution properties of different types of noise and their impact on the transformer online IFRA signature are investigated and secondly, a filtering technique for elimination of external interferences and noise is proposed.
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Kaplan, Matthew Frederick. "Implementation of automated multilevel substructuring for frequency response analysis of structures." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3037508.

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Ware, Brenton R. "Frequency response based permittivity sensors for measuring air contaminants." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14190.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering<br>Naiqian Zhang<br>Permittivity, displayed when a dielectric material is exposed to an electric field, is a useful property for measuring impurities in a dielectric medium. These impurities often have a dipole moment different from the pure material, and the dipoles align through polarization and impede electric current. By measuring the resulting impedance in a known geometry, the permittivity can be determined. Four permittivity sensors were utilized to measure contaminants that are associated with biofuels, specifically glycerol, ethanol, and ammonia. These sensors were based around either stainless steel or aluminum plates to ensure durability and reliability. By connecting each of these sensors to a signal generating control box, the gain and phase can be measured at 609 frequencies, from 10 kHz up to 120 MHz. Data from each of the three contaminants were run through a method for detection. Measurements for ambient air and air with the contaminants were compared with a statistical analysis. Glycerol, ethanol, and ammonia each had significantly different measurements in the gain and phase data at a unique set of frequencies. Using a neural network analysis for detection resulted in a 95.8%, 93.9%, and 97.1% success rate for detecting glycerol, ethanol, and ammonia, respectively. For ethanol and ammonia, where multiple concentrations were measured, regression methods were used to relate the frequency response data to the contaminant concentration. Stepwise regression, wavelet transformation followed by stepwise regression, partial least squares regression, and neural network regression were the four methods used to establish these relationships. Several regressions over-fit the data, showing coefficient of determination (R[superscript]2) values of 1.000 for training data, yet very low R[superscript]2 values for validation data. However, the best R[superscript]2 values of all the regressions were 1.000 and 0.996 for the training and validation data, respectively, from measuring ammonia.
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Books on the topic "Frequency response analysis"

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Schuring, J. Frequency response analysis of hybrid systems. National Aerospace Laboratory, 1987.

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Elvik, Gary G. Frequency response analysis of T-ACS experimental data. Naval Postgraduate School, 2000.

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Juang, Jer-Nan. Optimal frequency-domain system realization with weighting. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1999.

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Juang, Jer-Nan. Optimal frequency-domain system realization with weighting. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1999.

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Juang, Jer-Nan. Optimal frequency-domain system realization with weighting. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1999.

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Juang, Jer-Nan. Optimal frequency-domain system realization with weighting. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1999.

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Thomas, D. L. Testing and analysis of electrochemical cells using frequency response. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1992.

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B, Beck F., and Langley Research Center, eds. Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation (AWE) technique for frequency domain electromagnetic analysis. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1996.

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Cockrell, C. R. Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation (AWE) technique for frequency domain electromagnetic analysis. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1996.

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Center, Langley Research, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Independent analysis of the space station node modal test data. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Frequency response analysis"

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Salam, Md Abdus, and Quazi Mehbubar Rahman. "Frequency Response." In Fundamentals of Electrical Circuit Analysis. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8624-3_10.

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Chakravorti, Sivaji, Debangshu Dey, and Biswendu Chatterjee. "Frequency Response Analysis." In Power Systems. Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5550-8_7.

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Iyer, Shivkumar Venkatraman. "Frequency Response Analysis." In Digital Filter Design using Python for Power Engineering Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61860-5_6.

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Palani, S. "Frequency Response Analysis." In Automatic Control Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93445-3_3.

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Mutambara, Arthur G. O. "Frequency-Response Design Methods." In Design and Analysis of Control Systems, 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781032718880-6.

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Modak, Subodh V. "Characteristics of Frequency Response Functions." In Analytical and Experimental Modal Analysis. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429454783-7.

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Asadi, Farzin. "Frequency Response and DC Sweep Analysis." In Electric Circuit Analysis with EasyEDA. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-00292-2_3.

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Mishra, Subhendu. "Frequency Response Analysis of Power Transformers." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7511-2_11.

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Tang, W. H., and Q. H. Wu. "Winding Frequency Response Analysis for Power Transformers." In Condition Monitoring and Assessment of Power Transformers Using Computational Intelligence. Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-052-6_9.

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Alam, Jahangir, Guoqing Hu, Hafiz Md Hasan Babu, and Huazhong Xu. "Control System Analysis and Design by Frequency-Response Analyses." In Control Engineering Theory and Applications. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003293859-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Frequency response analysis"

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Esmaeilvandi, Ali, Mohammad Hamed Samimi, and Amir Abbas Shayegani Akmal. "High-Frequency Traveling Wave Modeling of Transformers for Frequency Response Analysis." In 2024 4th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Drives (ICEMD). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icemd64575.2024.10963476.

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Panicker, Beenu Mary, and R. M. Shereef. "Frequency Response Assessment of Electricity Grid by Regression Analysis." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Informatics, Communication and Energy Systems (SPICES). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/spices62143.2024.10779768.

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Iwaki, Keigo, and Kenji Nakamura. "Frequency Response Analysis of Magnetic Coupling and Magnetic Gear." In 2024 27th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.23919/icems60997.2024.10921038.

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Banah, A. H. "Transient Analysis of Piezoelectric Transducer Response." In 39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control. IEEE, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/freq.1985.200898.

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TING, T. "Design sensitivity analysis of structural frequency response." In 4th Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4799.

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Szoka, Wojciech, and Szymon Banaszak. "Evaluation methods of frequency response analysis." In 2018 International Interdisciplinary PhD Workshop (IIPhDW). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iiphdw.2018.8388240.

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Zhang Chao and Zhu Jihong. "On frequency response analysis of GPIO." In 2015 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2015.7171945.

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Gonzalez, Carlos, and Jorge Pleite. "Transformer modeling approaches for Frequency Response Analysis." In 2010 XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icelmach.2010.5608260.

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Rastogi, Naveen. "Forced Frequency Response Analysis of Multimaterial Systems." In SAE 2005 Noise and Vibration Conference and Exhibition. SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-2374.

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Aljohani, O., A. Abu-Siada, and Shengtao Li. "High frequency power transformer modelling for frequency response analysis studies." In 2016 International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis (CMD). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cmd.2016.7757818.

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Reports on the topic "Frequency response analysis"

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Etingov, Pavel V., Dmitry Kosterev, and T. Dai. Frequency Response Analysis Tool. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1173052.

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Akai, Keigo, Junzo Tamari, Bong Soo Kim, Sang Heon Song, and Jin Hong Kim. Nonlinear Frequency Response Analysis of Vehicle Ride Comfort Characteristics. SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0016.

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Erteza, I. A. Analysis of the frequency response of a TeO{sub 2} slow shear wave acousto-optic cell exposed to radiation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/79026.

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Galili, Naftali, Roger P. Rohrbach, Itzhak Shmulevich, Yoram Fuchs, and Giora Zauberman. Non-Destructive Quality Sensing of High-Value Agricultural Commodities Through Response Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570549.bard.

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The objectives of this project were to develop nondestructive methods for detection of internal properties and firmness of fruits and vegetables. One method was based on a soft piezoelectric film transducer developed in the Technion, for analysis of fruit response to low-energy excitation. The second method was a dot-matrix piezoelectric transducer of North Carolina State University, developed for contact-pressure analysis of fruit during impact. Two research teams, one in Israel and the other in North Carolina, coordinated their research effort according to the specific objectives of the project, to develop and apply the two complementary methods for quality control of agricultural commodities. In Israel: An improved firmness testing system was developed and tested with tropical fruits. The new system included an instrumented fruit-bed of three flexible piezoelectric sensors and miniature electromagnetic hammers, which served as fruit support and low-energy excitation device, respectively. Resonant frequencies were detected for determination of firmness index. Two new acoustic parameters were developed for evaluation of fruit firmness and maturity: a dumping-ratio and a centeroid of the frequency response. Experiments were performed with avocado and mango fruits. The internal damping ratio, which may indicate fruit ripeness, increased monotonically with time, while resonant frequencies and firmness indices decreased with time. Fruit samples were tested daily by destructive penetration test. A fairy high correlation was found in tropical fruits between the penetration force and the new acoustic parameters; a lower correlation was found between this parameter and the conventional firmness index. Improved table-top firmness testing units, Firmalon, with data-logging system and on-line data analysis capacity have been built. The new device was used for the full-scale experiments in the next two years, ahead of the original program and BARD timetable. Close cooperation was initiated with local industry for development of both off-line and on-line sorting and quality control of more agricultural commodities. Firmalon units were produced and operated in major packaging houses in Israel, Belgium and Washington State, on mango and avocado, apples, pears, tomatoes, melons and some other fruits, to gain field experience with the new method. The accumulated experimental data from all these activities is still analyzed, to improve firmness sorting criteria and shelf-life predicting curves for the different fruits. The test program in commercial CA storage facilities in Washington State included seven apple varieties: Fuji, Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and D'Anjou pear variety. FI master-curves could be developed for the Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith and Jonagold apples. These fruits showed a steady ripening process during the test period. Yet, more work should be conducted to reduce scattering of the data and to determine the confidence limits of the method. Nearly constant FI in Red Delicious and the fluctuations of FI in the Fuji apples should be re-examined. Three sets of experiment were performed with Flandria tomatoes. Despite the complex structure of the tomatoes, the acoustic method could be used for firmness evaluation and to follow the ripening evolution with time. Close agreement was achieved between the auction expert evaluation and that of the nondestructive acoustic test, where firmness index of 4.0 and more indicated grade-A tomatoes. More work is performed to refine the sorting algorithm and to develop a general ripening scale for automatic grading of tomatoes for the fresh fruit market. Galia melons were tested in Israel, in simulated export conditions. It was concluded that the Firmalon is capable of detecting the ripening of melons nondestructively, and sorted out the defective fruits from the export shipment. The cooperation with local industry resulted in development of automatic on-line prototype of the acoustic sensor, that may be incorporated with the export quality control system for melons. More interesting is the development of the remote firmness sensing method for sealed CA cool-rooms, where most of the full-year fruit yield in stored for off-season consumption. Hundreds of ripening monitor systems have been installed in major fruit storage facilities, and being evaluated now by the consumers. If successful, the new method may cause a major change in long-term fruit storage technology. More uses of the acoustic test method have been considered, for monitoring fruit maturity and harvest time, testing fruit samples or each individual fruit when entering the storage facilities, packaging house and auction, and in the supermarket. This approach may result in a full line of equipment for nondestructive quality control of fruits and vegetables, from the orchard or the greenhouse, through the entire sorting, grading and storage process, up to the consumer table. The developed technology offers a tool to determine the maturity of the fruits nondestructively by monitoring their acoustic response to mechanical impulse on the tree. A special device was built and preliminary tested in mango fruit. More development is needed to develop a portable, hand operated sensing method for this purpose. In North Carolina: Analysis method based on an Auto-Regressive (AR) model was developed for detecting the first resonance of fruit from their response to mechanical impulse. The algorithm included a routine that detects the first resonant frequency from as many sensors as possible. Experiments on Red Delicious apples were performed and their firmness was determined. The AR method allowed the detection of the first resonance. The method could be fast enough to be utilized in a real time sorting machine. Yet, further study is needed to look for improvement of the search algorithm of the methods. An impact contact-pressure measurement system and Neural Network (NN) identification method were developed to investigate the relationships between surface pressure distributions on selected fruits and their respective internal textural qualities. A piezoelectric dot-matrix pressure transducer was developed for the purpose of acquiring time-sampled pressure profiles during impact. The acquired data was transferred into a personal computer and accurate visualization of animated data were presented. Preliminary test with 10 apples has been performed. Measurement were made by the contact-pressure transducer in two different positions. Complementary measurements were made on the same apples by using the Firmalon and Magness Taylor (MT) testers. Three-layer neural network was designed. 2/3 of the contact-pressure data were used as training input data and corresponding MT data as training target data. The remaining data were used as NN checking data. Six samples randomly chosen from the ten measured samples and their corresponding Firmalon values were used as the NN training and target data, respectively. The remaining four samples' data were input to the NN. The NN results consistent with the Firmness Tester values. So, if more training data would be obtained, the output should be more accurate. In addition, the Firmness Tester values do not consistent with MT firmness tester values. The NN method developed in this study appears to be a useful tool to emulate the MT Firmness test results without destroying the apple samples. To get more accurate estimation of MT firmness a much larger training data set is required. When the larger sensitive area of the pressure sensor being developed in this project becomes available, the entire contact 'shape' will provide additional information and the neural network results would be more accurate. It has been shown that the impact information can be utilized in the determination of internal quality factors of fruit. Until now,
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5

Tait, Emma, Pia Ruisi-Besares, Matthias Sirch, Alyx Belisle, Jennifer Pontius, and Elissa Schuett. Technical Report: Monitoring and Communicating Changes in Disturbance Regimes (Version 1.0). Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Cooperative, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18125/cc0a0l.

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Shifts in disturbance patterns across the Northeast are of increasing concern as the climate continues to change. In particular, changes in patterns of frequency, severity and extent of disturbance event may have detrimental cascading impacts on forest ecosystems and human communities. To explore how changing disturbance regimes might impact future forest health and management it is necessary to understand the historical trends and impacts of disturbance in the region. Although individual types of disturbance have already been analyzed, there is a need for a consolidated overview of the current state of disturbance in northeastern forests. To address this need, the Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Cooperative (FEMC) developed the FEMC: Tracking Shifts in Disturbance Regimes web portal for users to explore changes over time of key disturbance drivers, identify important disturbance responses, and discover where monitoring is happening for both drivers and responses. In collaboration with our advisory committee, we identified key disturbance drivers—flood, high winds, fire, drought, pests—and responses—macroinvertebrates, cold-water fisheries, invasive plants—that are of particular concern in the region. For each of the drivers we identified a suitable regional dataset and analyzed changes over time in frequency, severity, and extent. We also created a structured framework to catalogue programs across the region that are monitoring for these disturbance drivers and responses. Version 1.0 of the FEMC: Tracking Shifts in Disturbance Regimes (https://uvm.edu/femc/disturbance) web portal, first released in October 2021, contains 272 data programs, 11 drivers and three responses. Through the web portal users can browse programs by state, driver type or response type, and explore where monitoring is happening across the region. Driver-specific analyses allow users to quickly see the trends in severity, frequency and extent of selected disturbances and compare the impacts in selected states to regional data. We hope that this collection of programs and the analysis of trends provide researchers and land managers with an easy way to understand the current state of disturbance in northeastern forests that enables them to analyze and plan for future impacts.
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6

Lokke, Arnkjell, and Anil Chopra. Direct-Finite-Element Method for Nonlinear Earthquake Analysis of Concrete Dams Including Dam–Water–Foundation Rock Interaction. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/crjy2161.

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Evaluating the seismic performance of concrete dams requires nonlinear dynamic analysis of two- or three-dimensional dam–water–foundation rock systems that include all the factors known to be significant in the earthquake response of dams. Such analyses are greatly complicated by interaction between the structure, the impounded reservoir and the deformable foundation rock that supports it, and the fact that the fluid and foundation domains extend to large distances. Presented in this report is the development of a direct finite-element (FE) method for nonlinear earthquake analysis of two- and three-dimensional dam–water–foundation rock systems. The analysis procedure applies standard viscous-damper absorbing boundaries to model the semi-unbounded fluid and foundation domains, and specifies at these boundaries effective earthquake forces determined from a ground motion defined at a control point on the ground surface. This report is organized in three parts, with a common notation list, references, and appendices at the end of the report. Part I develops the direct FE method for 2D dam–water–foundation rock systems. The underlying analytical framework of treating dam–water–foundation rock interaction as a scattering problem, wherein the dam perturbs an assumed "free-field" state of the system, is presented, and by applying these concepts to a bounded FE model with viscous-damper boundaries to truncate the semi-unbounded domains, the analysis procedure is derived. Step-by-step procedures for computing effective earthquake forces from analysis of two 1D free-field systems are presented, and the procedure is validated by computing frequency response functions and transient response of an idealized dam–water–foundation rock system and comparing against independent benchmark results. This direct FE method is generalized to 3D systems in Part II of this report. While the fundamental concepts of treating interaction as a scattering problem are similar for 2D and 3D systems, the derivation and implementation of the method for 3D systems is much more involved. Effective earthquake forces must now be computed by analyzing a set of 1D and 2D systems derived from the boundaries of the free-field systems, which requires extensive book-keeping and data transfer for large 3D models. To reduce these requirements and facilitate implementation of the direct FE method for 3D systems, convenient simplifications of the procedure are proposed and their effectiveness demonstrated. Part III of the report proposes to use the direct FE method for conducting the large number of nonlinear response history analyses (RHAs) required for performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) of concrete dams, and discusses practical modeling considerations for two of the most influential aspects of these analyses: nonlinear mechanisms and energy dissipation (damping). The findings have broad implications for modeling of energy dissipation and calibration of damping values for concrete dam analyses. At the end of Part III, the direct FE method is implemented with a commercial FE program and used to compute the nonlinear response of an actual arch dam. These nonlinear results, although limited in their scope, demonstrate the capabilities and effectiveness of the direct FE method to compute the types of nonlinear engineering response quantities required for PBEE of concrete dams.
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Moghimi, Gholamreza, and Nicos Makris. Response Modification of Structures with Supplemental Rotational Inertia. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/tihv1701.

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Tall, multistory, buildings are becoming increasingly popular in large cities as a result of growing urbanization trends (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2018). As cities continue to grow, many of them along the coasts of continents which are prone to natural hazards, the performance of tall, flexible buildings when subjected to natural hazards is a pressing issue with engineering relevance. The performance of structures when subjected to dynamic loads can be enhanced with various response modification strategies which have been traditionally achieved with added stiffness, flexibility, damping and strength (Kelly et al. 1972; Skinner et al. 1973, 1974; Clough and Penzien 1975; Zhang et al. 1989; Aiken 1990; Whittaker et al. 1991; Makris et al. 1993a,b; Skinner et al. 1993; Inaudi and Makris 1996; Kelly 1997; Soong and Dargush 1997; Constantinou et al. 1998; Makris and Chang 2000a; Chang and Makris 2000; Black et al. 2002, 2003; Symans et al. 2008; Sarlis et al. 2013; Tena-Colunga 1997). Together with the elastic spring that produces a force proportional to the relative displacement of its end-nodes and the viscous dashpot that produces a force proportional to the relative velocity of its end-nodes; the inerter produces a force proportional to the relative acceleration of its end-nodes and emerges as the third elementary mechanical element (in addition to the spring and dashpot) capable for modifying structural response. Accordingly, in this report we examine the seismic performance of multistory and seismically isolated structures when equipped with inerters. In view that the inerter emerges as the third elementary mechanical element for the synthesis of mechanical networks, in Chapter 2 we derive the basic frequency- and time-response functions of the inerter together with these of the two-parameter inertoelastic and inertoviscous mechanical networks. Chapter 3 examines the response of a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) structure where the first story is equipped with inerters. Both cases of a stiff and a compliant support of the inerters are examined. The case of two parallel clutching inerters is investigated and the study concludes that as the compliance of the frame that supports the inerters increases, the use of a single inerter offers more favorable response other than increasing the force transferred to the support frame. Chapter 4 examines the seismic response analysis of the classical two-degree-of-freedom isolated structure with supplemental rotational inertia (inerter) in its isolation system. The analysis shows that for the “critical” amount of rotational inertia which eliminates the participation of the second mode, the effect of this elimination is marginal on the structural response since the participation of the second mode is invariably small even when isolation systems without inerters are used. Our study, upon showing that the reaction force at the support of the inerter is appreciable, proceeds with a non-linear response analysis that implements a state-space formulation which accounts for the bilinear behavior of practical isolation system (single concave sliding bearings or lead-rubber bearings) in association with the compliance of the support of the inerter. Our study concludes that supplemental rotational inertia aggravates the displacement and acceleration response of the elastic superstructure and as a result, for larger isolation periods (Tb &gt; 2.5s) the use of inerters in isolation systems is not recommended. Chapter 5 first examines the response analysis of a SDOF elastoplastic and bilinear structure and reveals that when the yielding structure is equipped with supplemental rotational inertia, the equal- displacement rule is valid starting from lower values of the pre-yielding period given that the presence of inerters lengthens the apparent pre-yielding period. The analysis concludes that sup- plemental rotational inertia emerges as an attractive response modification strategy for elastoplastic and bilinear SDOF structures with pre-yielding periods up to T1 = 1.5sec. For larger pre-yielding periods (say T1 &gt; 2.0sec), the effectiveness of inerters to suppress the inelastic response of 2DOF yielding structures reduces; and for very flexible first stories; as in the case of isolated structures examined in chapter 4, the use of inerter at the first level (isolation system) is not recommended. Finally, chapter 6 shows that, in spite of the reduced role of inerters when placed at floor levels other than the first level (they no-longer suppress the induced ground acceleration nor they can eliminate the participation of higher modes), they still manifest a unique role since it is not possible to replace a structure with solitary inerters at higher levels with an equivalent traditional structure without inerters.
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Fan, Yihua, Xiaoyin Zhao, Xiaoxu He, and Huixin Chen. Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal compound in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis: A protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0153.

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Review question / Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal compound in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis. Eligibility criteria: 1.1.1 Literature type Randomized controlled trials of treating AGA with Chinese herbal compound alone, whether blind or not, was limited to Chinese literature and English literature.1.1.2 SubjectsThe time of onset, gender, and age of patients diagnosed with acute gouty arthritis were not restricted.1.1.3 Intervention measures The treatment group was treated with traditional Chinese medicine compound, which could be proprietary Chinese medicine, self-made prescription or classic prescription, and the dosage form could be traditional decoction, granule or pill, while the control group was treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory painkillers, and the frequency, dosage and course of use were not limited.1.1.4 Outcome indicators(1) Main outcome measures: total response rate; (2) Secondary outcome indicators: visual analog scale (VAS), TCM syndrome score, blood uric acid, ESR, CRP, and incidence of adverse reactions.
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Fan, Yihua, Xiaoyin Zhao, Xiaoxu He, and Huixin Chen. Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal compound in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis: A protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0153.

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Review question / Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal compound in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis. Eligibility criteria: 1.1.1 Literature type Randomized controlled trials of treating AGA with Chinese herbal compound alone, whether blind or not, was limited to Chinese literature and English literature.1.1.2 SubjectsThe time of onset, gender, and age of patients diagnosed with acute gouty arthritis were not restricted.1.1.3 Intervention measures The treatment group was treated with traditional Chinese medicine compound, which could be proprietary Chinese medicine, self-made prescription or classic prescription, and the dosage form could be traditional decoction, granule or pill, while the control group was treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory painkillers, and the frequency, dosage and course of use were not limited.1.1.4 Outcome indicators(1) Main outcome measures: total response rate; (2) Secondary outcome indicators: visual analog scale (VAS), TCM syndrome score, blood uric acid, ESR, CRP, and incidence of adverse reactions.
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Tebaldi, Raquel. Social Protection and Climate Disasters: Brazil’s Responses to the 2024 Rio Grande do Sul Floods. UNU-MERIT, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53330/ezrm5332.

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The 2024 floods in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, prompted the largest and fastest response to an extreme weather event in the country’s history. Brazil is a compelling case for analysing shock-responsive and climate-adaptive social protection because of its high level of decentralisation and significant maturity of its social protection system. Brazil is also highly susceptible to climate risks, and as climate change intensifies, bringing more frequent and severe weather events, strengthening the resilience of social protection systems becomes increasingly vital. This case study examines the Brazilian government’s emergency responses, with a particular focus on the federal and state interventions, drawing from documental analysis and key informant interviews. The analysis shows how significant levels of emergency support were mobilised by federal and state governments, and the system features that enabled a quick response, such as the use of technology for mapping affected areas and the use of existing government databases. Nonetheless, actors faced challenges in terms of coordination between different levels of governance and in terms of emergency preparedness. This study provides some reflections on the obstacles encountered by federal and state actors and points to areas for further improvement at the system level.
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