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Nakasone, Hideki, Koji Kawamura, Kimikazu Yakushijin, et al. "BM is preferred over PBSCs in transplantation from an HLA-matched related female donor to a male recipient." Blood Advances 3, no. 11 (2019): 1750–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000077.
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Abstract The use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor–mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) and sex-mismatched hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), especially with female donors and male recipients (FtoM), is known to be associated with an increased risk of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) compared with transplantation with bone marrow (BM). This raises the question of whether the use of PBSCs in FtoM HCT might affect allogeneic responses, resulting in fatal complications. Using a Japanese transplantation registry database, we analyzed 1132 patients (FtoM, n = 315; MtoF, n = 260; sex-matched, n = 557) with standard-risk diseases who underwent HCT with an HLA-matched related donor without in vivo T-cell depletion between 2013 and 2016. The impact of PBSC vs BM on transplantation outcomes was separately assessed in FtoM, MtoF, and sex-matched HCT. Overall survival (OS) and nonrelapse mortality (NRM) at 2 years post-HCT were significantly worse in patients with PBSCs vs those with BM in FtoM HCT (2-year OS, 76% vs 62%; P = .0084; 2-year NRM, 10% vs 21%; P = .0078); no differences were observed for MtoF or sex-matched HCT. Multivariate analyses confirmed the adverse impact of PBSCs in FtoM HCT (hazard ratio [HR] for OS, 1.91; P = .025; HR for NRM, 3.70; P = .0065). In FtoM HCT, patients with PBSCs frequently experienced fatal GVHD and organ failure. In conclusion, the use of PBSCs in FtoM HCT was associated with an increased risk of NRM in the early phase, resulting in inferior survival. This suggests that, when we use female-related donors for male patients in HCT, BM may result in better outcomes than PBSCs.
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Nakasone, Hideki, Koji Kawamura, Kimikazu Yakushijin, et al. "Would Bone Marrow be Associated with Superior Outcomes Compared with Peripheral Blood for Male Recipients with Female Donors in HLA-Matched Related Transplantation?" Blood 132, Supplement 1 (2018): 4669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-113790.
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Abstract 【Background】 Sex-mismatched hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), especially male recipients with female donors (FtoM) HCT, is known to be associated with an increased risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and non-relapse mortality (NRM). In addition, the usage of G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood (PB) is known to be associated with an increased risk of chronic GVHD compared with bone marrow (BM). Therefore, an issue would be raised whether PB usage in FtoM HCT might deteriorate allo-responses, resulting in fatal complications. Thus, we hypothesized that BM could contribute to better outcomes than PB in FtoM HCT, through reducing NRM. 【Patients & Methods】 Using Japanese transplant registry database, we analyzed 864 patients (FtoM n=241, MtoF n=199, sex-matched n=424) with standard-risk diseases who received HCT from an HLA-matched related donor since 2013. A median of their age was 44 years (range: 16-72), and their diseases were AML in 400, ALL in 209, lymphomas in 139, and MDS/MPD in 116. The median follow-up duration of survivors was 609 days (range: 2-1332 days). The impact of PB vs. BM on transplant outcomes was separately assessed in FtoM, MtoF, and sex-matched HCT. In multivariate analyses, the Cox hazard model was performed, and the hazard ratio (HR) of PB usage was adjusted for age of patient and donor, sero-status of cytomegalovirus, conditioning types, diseases, GVHD prophylaxis, HCT-comorbidity index (HCT-CI), performance status, and the usage of total body irradiation. This study was approved by institutional review board of Jichi Medical University. 【Results】 The patient characteristics were not so different in age of patient and donor, diseases, conditioning regimens, and HCT-CI between the groups with PB and BM among FtoM, MtoF, and sex-matched HCT, respectively. Overall survival (OS) at 2 years post HCT was significantly lower in patients with PB than those with BM in FtoM HCT [73% (95%CI: 60-82%) vs. 60% (95%CI: 51-68%), P=0.049], while no differences were observed in MtoF or sex-matched HCT (Figure 1). Multivariate analyses actually confirmed the adverse impact of PB in FtoM HCT alone [HR for OS 2.01 (95%CI: 1.07-3.76, P=0.03)], but not significantly in MtoF HCT [HR 1.80 (95%CI: 0.76-4.21, P-0.18] nor in sex-matched HCT [HR 0.88 (95%CI: 0.55-1.41, P=0.60]. NRM at 2 years post HCT was significantly higher in patients with PB than those with BM in FtoM HCT [23% (95%CI: 16-30%) vs. 11% (95%CI: 5-21%), P=0.04], while no significant impact of donor source was observed in the other HCT types (Figure 2). Multivariate analyses also confirmed the adverse impact of PB in FtoM HCT alone [HR 3.79 (95%CI: 1.31-11.0, P=0.014)]. The cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was significantly associated with the PB groups in both FtoM [HR 2.02 (95%CI: 1.22-3.35), P=<0.01] and MtoF HCTs [HR 2.40 (95%CI: 1.24-4.61), P<0.01], but not significantly in sex-matched HCT [HR 1.45 (95% CI: 0.97-2.16), P=0.07]. Their relapse incidence was not different according to PB vs. BM in all HCTtypes. Causes of death differed by sources in FtoM HCT (P=0.048). Of the 80 deaths in FtoM HCT, GVHD-related (21% vs. 0%) and organ failure (26% vs. 18%) was more frequently observed in the PB group compared with the BM group. 【Conclusion】 In conclusion, the usage of PB in FtoM HCT was associated with an increased risk of non-relapse mortality even in the early phase, resulting in inferior survival. GVHD-related death or fatal adverse complications were frequently observed in the PB group of FtoM HCT. On the other hand, the usage of PB did not seem to affect the incidence of fatal complications in MtoF and sex-matched HCT. Therefore, when we have to select female donors for male patients, BM would better be selected to improve their outcomes. Disclosures Nakasone: Phizer: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Kyowa Hakko Kirin: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria. Ichinohe:Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K.: Honoraria; Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co.: Research Funding; Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co.: Research Funding; Mundipharma: Honoraria; Novartis.: Honoraria; JCR Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria; Zenyaku Kogyo Co.: Research Funding; Takeda Pharmaceutical Co.: Research Funding; Repertoire Genesis Inc.: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Alexion Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Taiho Pharmaceutical Co.: Research Funding; Astellas Pharma: Research Funding; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co.: Research Funding; CSL Behring: Research Funding; Eisai Co.: Research Funding; Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co.: Research Funding; Ono Pharmaceutical Co.: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; MSD: Research Funding; Nippon Shinyaku Co.: Research Funding.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Detemination of zine level in blood serum by neutron activation anal ysis(N.A.A)." Baghdad Science Journal 2, no. 3 (2005): 492–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2.3.492-495.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Detemination of zine level in blood serum by neutron activation anal ysis(N.A.A)." Baghdad Science Journal 2, no. 3 (2021): 492–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2005.2.3.492-495.
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Hossain, Md Delowar, Tangina Sultana, Md Alamgir Hossain, et al. "Fuzzy Decision-Based Efficient Task Offloading Management Scheme in Multi-Tier MEC-Enabled Networks." Sensors 21, no. 4 (2021): 1484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041484.
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Multi-access edge computing (MEC) is a new leading technology for meeting the demands of key performance indicators (KPIs) in 5G networks. However, in a rapidly changing dynamic environment, it is hard to find the optimal target server for processing offloaded tasks because we do not know the end users’ demands in advance. Therefore, quality of service (QoS) deteriorates because of increasing task failures and long execution latency from congestion. To reduce latency and avoid task failures from resource-constrained edge servers, vertical offloading between mobile devices with local-edge collaboration or with local edge-remote cloud collaboration have been proposed in previous studies. However, they ignored the nearby edge server in the same tier that has excess computing resources. Therefore, this paper introduces a fuzzy decision-based cloud-MEC collaborative task offloading management system called FTOM, which takes advantage of powerful remote cloud-computing capabilities and utilizes neighboring edge servers. The main objective of the FTOM scheme is to select the optimal target node for task offloading based on server capacity, latency sensitivity, and the network’s condition. Our proposed scheme can make dynamic decisions where local or nearby MEC servers are preferred for offloading delay-sensitive tasks, and delay-tolerant high resource-demand tasks are offloaded to a remote cloud server. Simulation results affirm that our proposed FTOM scheme significantly improves the rate of successfully executing offloaded tasks by approximately 68.5%, and reduces task completion time by 66.6%, when compared with a local edge offloading (LEO) scheme. The improved and reduced rates are 32.4% and 61.5%, respectively, when compared with a two-tier edge orchestration-based offloading (TTEO) scheme. They are 8.9% and 47.9%, respectively, when compared with a fuzzy orchestration-based load balancing (FOLB) scheme, approximately 3.2% and 49.8%, respectively, when compared with a fuzzy workload orchestration-based task offloading (WOTO) scheme, and approximately 38.6%% and 55%, respectively, when compared with a fuzzy edge-orchestration based collaborative task offloading (FCTO) scheme.
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Atasoy, Vehbi Emrah, and Selcuk Ekici. "Exploring experiential indicators in flight training organization: a case study." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 92, no. 4 (2020): 541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-08-2019-0166.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce an approach to evaluate the establishment requirements of an flight training organization (FTO) through indicators that are not included in the regulations from the viewpoint of “acquired indicators from FTO experience” (AIs-FTOE). Design/methodology/approach Although the establishment requirements of an FTO can be determined through regulations, it was realized that the pilot training process can be achieved in a safe, sustainable and economical manner through indicators that are not included in the regulations. These indicators were obtained through experience in the operation process of the FTOs. In this study, the indicators (obtained from the regulations and experiences) affecting the efficiency of FTOs, that were or would be operational, were determined, and the effects of the indicators on the organization were examined and presented in detail. The case study was carried out in the Department of Flight Training (ETU-P) of Eskişehir Technical University which has an FTO. Findings In accordance with the results, the necessity indicators were defined, and the indicators that were not included in the regulations were called as AIs-FTOE. Identified AIs-FTOEs were classified into three main headings: natural and artificial obstacles, meteorological conditions and physical and technological resources. Detailed indicator data results were presented after examinations. Practical implications When literature on FTOs was examined, it was seen that there is a need to identify and classify indicators that affect the efficiency of FTOs. To the authors’ knowledge, this study will be the first in the literature that presented information based on an active FTO in detail. Thus, the AIs-FTOEs identified in this study will serve as a roadmap for the FTOs to be established and are to be used as parameters to evaluate efficiency for the established ones. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this paper will be the first paper in the literature describing the indicators that can be evaluated in terms of efficiency, sustainability and economy of FTOs.
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Braga, Elisabete de Santis. "Seasonal variation of atmospheric and terrestrial nutrients and their influence on primary production in an oligotrophic coastal system-southeastern Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Oceanografia 47, no. 1 (1999): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-77391999000100004.
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In an oligotrophic coastal zone, land drainage and atmospheric precipitation can temporarily modify the concentrations of specific dissolved compounds in local surface waters, mainly nutrient salts, setting up conditions for "new" primary production of phytoplankton. The Ubatuba region (23º30'S -45º06'W) is considered an oligo-mesotrophic region subject to a high average annual precipitation (- 2,000 mm). The small rivers flowing into Palmas' Inlet present outflow patterns linked to the precipitation cycle. Rain and river waters show nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate and silicate concentrations that are very variable often higher than in surface seawater. When one considers the total nutrient inventory ofPalmas' Inlet (total volume) in each sampling period, the relative contribution of nutrients ftom rain water presents the following seasonal variations: DIN (0.1-21.0 %), nitrate (0.06-15.86 %), phosphate (0.01 - 2.75 %), silicate (0.01 - 0.50 %); and the contribution ftom river waters varies within the following limits: DIN (0.02 - 0.36 %); nitrate (0.01 - 0.88 %); phosphate (0.01 - 0.11 %); silicate (0.04 - 4.70 %). Prime production in this oligotrophic zone showed seasonal variations with up to 17.83 mgC m-3 h- in the winter of 1992. When fertilization caused by the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW, T-S characteristics -14ºC and S -35.5 PSU) intrusion occurred in the during of 1991, the average value (all depths) of primary production was significant (7.00 mgC m-3 h- ). The atmospheric source of dissolved nitrogenous compounds is very important to this region on account of the high pluviosity and the fact that this input occurs directly into the surface seawater, and thus to the euphotic zone.
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Gooren, Louis J., Katrien Wierckx, and Erik J. Giltay. "Cardiovascular disease in transsexual persons treated with cross-sex hormones: reversal of the traditional sex difference in cardiovascular disease pattern." European Journal of Endocrinology 170, no. 6 (2014): 809–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-14-0011.
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ObjectiveThe incidence of heart disease increases with age, but is lower in women than in men up to 75 years. A protective effect of female sex hormones or, alternatively, acceleration in male heart disease by testosterone at younger ages, could explain this sex difference. In contrast with the above, male-to-female transsexual subjects (MtoF) treated with estrogens (+anti-androgens) show more cardiovascular pathology than female-to-male transsexual subjects (FtoM) receiving testosterone. Why MtoF suffer more frequently from cardiovascular disease than females is as yet unclear. The mode of cross-sex hormone treatment may be a factor, and, if so, it may need adaptations.Subjects and methodsStudies in transsexual people on the effects of cross-sex hormone treatment on surrogate cardiovascular risks and on clinical endpoints were reviewed. With regard to MtoF, a parallel was sought with men with prostate cancer, undergoing androgen deprivation and estrogen administration.ResultsExposure of FtoM to testosterone was not associated with a strong increase in cardiovascular events. Aging and pre-existing cardiovascular pathology contributed to the risk of cardiovascular disease in MtoF. Use of the synthetic biopotent compound ethinyl estradiol in a dose two to four times of oral contraceptives increased cardiovascular risk substantially. The route of administration of estrogens (oral vs transdermal) may have impacted on the risks.ConclusionMtoF should not be treated with oral ethinyl estradiol. Transdermal estrogens are probably safer than oral estrogens. Pre-existing cardiovascular risks should be taken into consideration when prescribing and choosing the type of estrogens in cross-sex hormone administration (oral vs transdermal). In addition, risk factors, as they emerge with aging, should be addressed.
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Alekseev, B. Ya, K. M. Nyushko, and A. D. Kaprin. "Second line chemotherapy in patients with castration-refractory prostate cancer. Ftom clinical studies to practice." Cancer Urology 15, no. 1 (2019): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2019-15-1-84-91.
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Mahiques, Michel Michaelovitch de, and Luis Antonio Pereira de Souza. "Shallow seismic reflectors and upper Quaternary sea levei changes in the Ubatuba region, São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Oceanografia 47, no. 1 (1999): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-77391999000100001.
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The relationship between shallow seismic Wlits and Quaternary sea level changes in Southeastern Brazil is based on boomer profiles and core data ftom the Ubatuba region, northern São Paulo coast. In Flamengo and Palmas bays, the intecpretation of seismic lines revealed the occurrence of four sedimentary units, separated by regionally correlated reflectors. The upper two Wlits correspond to Late Pleistocene and Holocene deposits. The lowermost sedimentary units were correlated to the older Quaternary transgressive events. These deposits, which have not yet been described for this area, can presently be fOWld on the Rio Grande do Sul coastal plain. In the Boqueirão Strait, two erosional events in the sedimentary strata have been associated with the Cananéia (maximum at 120,000 yr. B.P.) and Santos (maximum at 5,100 yr. B.P.) sea-level rise events.
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S.S. MAGAT, S. S. MAGAT. "CROP FERTILIZER USE EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS (CFE): A Tool in identifying appropriate planting materials of coconut in different agro climatic conditions." CORD 12, no. 02 (1996): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v12i02.301.
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Nine (9) sites with different growing conditions used in the Regional Testing of Promising Coconut Hybrids and Cultivars in the Philippines or MULTILOC Project (1985‑1996) was subjected to the Crop Fertilizer Use Efficiency (CFE) Analysis. Two CFE indices were used CFEn = nut yield/kg fertilizer applied (per tree) and CFE X = kg copra yield kg fertilizers applied (per tree).
 
 To a great extent, crop fertilizer use efficiency (CFE) ofsuperior hybrids grown in similar environments and appied with same moderate rates offertilizers have higher efficiency of converting the appliedfertilizers to economic yield, nuts or copra (measured in terms of CFEn and CFEc) compared to tall varielies tested in all MULTILOC sites (dry, intermediate and wet growing zone) at n ine years ftom field‑planting (FP). The CFEs, CFEn (nut‑based) at nine sites clearly differed in ternu of the first (best) five entries with highest CFE values. Explanation for this observation deserves further study, looking into the relationship of hybrid vigour (heterosis), crop morphology, physiology and yield.
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Karina, Yenni. "PENGARUH INFORMASI GOODWILL PADA RELEVANSI HUBUNGAN ANTARA LAPORAN KEUANGAN DAN RETURN SAHAM." Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan 2, no. 2 (2006): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/jrak.2006.22.128.
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goodwill informdion to vdue relev**e baweenfu,odal stdement and stock ?etrrn. This reseqrhws done kcare in a rcst Australia sndy, Jones (2M3) faurd thd tle cryitalim*m 6 i,rtmgibles is significantly higher in tlp neat ecoreomy sector od b*angible rcsets represented a significant proportion of total assets il, this seeton Tltk study ases manutac' twing firms listed in tlu Jak&ta 9*k Exclwrge (BEI) wilhin 1990 - 20A3. The results ou b@y brqaistart with tIre Australia sady. 71te result of eramination shows tM ttv valw televotce between annual clunge in earnings, qnual chorye in cosh fiow ftom operations, or' nual rcported accruals ond stoc* retwn was significantly higher withthe discloswe of goadwiil intonwtim h $rrorcial statemeat. And thevahrc rclevstce between e@rrirr& wrtfrffifrorn operdiotts, tle clrange in o*ual reported rccnuls and stod..rwa*as tnt signifrcottly higler with the discloswe of godviW ir@i@, b fwrcisl statenwnt.Keyword: value rclevotce, e*nings, @nr.ot chorye in eunings, cashJlow from operations, omual change in cash tlow fromoperations, annusl reported accntals, the change in annualreported acentals, goodwill
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Yousif, Ahmad. "Islamic Values in the United States." American Journal of Islam and Society 10, no. 2 (1993): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v10i2.2515.
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In this book, Haddad and Lurrunis present a scientific analysis of thesocial and religious values of the Muslim community in North America.The book probes into this community's psyche in an effort to detenninehow its members, as a religious minority, cope or fail to cope with particulartenets of their religion while living in a non-Islamic environment.A number of problems and issues are encountered by this minority: marriage,divorce, interest, diet, pets, American holidays, and the roles of themasque and the imam. The authors attempt to determine the existence ofcorrelations between such variables as length of time in the United States,the extent of dining with non-Muslims, gender, country of origin, and thesubject's response to different values. The data was collected ftom numerousinterviews and over three hundred questionnaires at Islamic tenterson the east coast, upstate New York, and the midwest.'Despite acknowledging the controversy surrounding the term "AmericanIslam," the authors conclude that this phenomenon does exist in morethan one form, depending on nationality, ethnic affiliation, level ofeducation, economic status, and other factors. The findings also show thatthere are two dynamic, but opposing, scenarios occurring among Muslimsin the United States ...
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Stratigopoulos, George, Stephanie L. Padilla, Charles A. LeDuc, et al. "Regulation of Fto/Ftm gene expression in mice and humans." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 294, no. 4 (2008): R1185—R1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00839.2007.
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Two recent, large whole-genome association studies (GWAS) in European populations have associated a ∼47-kb region that contains part of the FTO gene with high body mass index (BMI). The functions of FTO and adjacent FTM in human biology are not clear. We examined expression of these genes in organs of mice segregating for monogenic obesity mutations, exposed to underfeeding/overfeeding, and to 4°C. Fto/ Ftm expression was reduced in mesenteric adipose tissue of mice segregating for the A y , Lep ob, Lepr db , Cpe fat, or tub mutations, and there was a similar trend in other tissues. These effects were not due to adiposity per se. Hypothalamic Fto and Ftm expression were decreased by fasting in lean and obese animals and by cold exposure in lean mice. The fact that responses of Fto and Ftm expression to these manipulations were almost indistinguishable suggested that the genes might be coregulated. The putative overlapping regulatory region contains at least two canonical CUTL1 binding sites. One of these nominal CUTL1 sites includes rs8050136, a SNP associated with high body mass. The A allele of rs8050136 associated with lower body mass than the C allele preferentially bound CUTL1 in human fibroblast DNA. 70% knockdown of CUTL1 expression in human fibroblasts decreased FTO and FTM expression by 90 and 65%, respectively. Animals and humans with various genetic interruptions of FTO or FTM have phenotypes reminiscent of aspects of the Bardet-Biedl obesity syndrome, a confirmed “ciliopathy.” FTM has recently been shown to be a ciliary basal body protein.
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Globa, M. V. "Ultrasound detection of cerebral microembolism in carotid stenoses: progress and perspective (A review of the literature)." Endovascular Neuroradiology 31, no. 1 (2020): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26683/2304-9359-2020-1(31)-56-67.
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The review summarizes available information regarding the method of Transcranial doppler sonography (TCD) usage to record microembolism in patients with carotid artery stenosis, search for information was carried out in literature 1997–2020 (PUBMED, MEDLINE).History overview of TCD with embolodetection implementation is presented, as well as ways of its technical and methodological improvement. Evidence-based studies of the method clinical relevance in atherosclerotic carotid stenoses and their surgical treatment are outlined. Observation results of the intraoperative cerebral embolization during carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting are presented along with comparison of TCD-embolodetection data, neuroimaging and clinical outcomes. Individual centres and multicenter study ACES data on prognostic value of registration of embolic signals in asymptomatic carotid stenosis, risk assessment of vascular events in diffe-rent groups of patients and in varying degrees of stenosis of the vessel lumen was analyzed. The role of embolodetection in predicting repeated cerebrovascular disorders in symptomatic carotid stenosis and its importance for monitoring antiplatelet therapy is set out (multicenter study CARESS). The evidence of the reliability of TCD embolodetection as tool for verificarion of at-risk patients with carotid stenosis who may benefit ftom surgical treatment is presented.Recent advances in ultrasound and other imaging techniques for assessing unstable plague are outlined along with prospects for the use of TCD monitoting for cerebrovascular disorders forecasting.
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Soares, Jacyra, Belmiro M. Castro, and E. Eric Adams. "Refrigerated water dispersion at the São Sebastião Channel." Revista Brasileira de Oceanografia 47, no. 1 (1999): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-77391999000100005.
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This study examines numericaIly the fate of cooled ocean water discharged into the coastal oceano The ocean water wiIl eventuaIly be used to warm up petroleum liquid gas during transference ftom ship tanks to land tanks, being cooled during the processo The reftigerated water wiIl then be released verticaIly through a single port located at 2 meters below the surface in 15 m of water. The proposed operations wiIl take place at the São Sebastião Channellocated between the continent and the São Sebastião Island, at about 23º48'S, 045º22'W. Estimated mean temperature differences between the eflluent and the recipient sea water wiIl be at most 3ºC. The problem is treated by analogy to an upside-down (buoyant) thermal discharge using established initial mixing models developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. During summer, when ambient stratification is high, the eflluent plume is evanescent: it reaches the bottom with a temperature greater than the ambient, bounces back towards the surface and reaches equilibrium 10m below the surface. During winter, on the other hand, the plume is bottom confined: it reaches the bottom with a temperature slightly lower than the ambient, remaining at that level. Model results also show that for any ambient ocean conditions the mixing time scale is of order of minutes and the final plume concentration obtained by mixing is smaIler than 10%.
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Muto, Elizabeti Y., Lucy S. H. Soares, and Carmen L. D. B. Rossi-Wongtschowski. "Demersal fish assemblages off São Sebastião, southeastern Brazil: structure and environmental conditioning factors (summer 1994)." Revista Brasileira de Oceanografia 48, no. 1 (2000): 09–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-77392000000100002.
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The demersal fish community of the Channel and shelf of São Sebastião (SP), on the southeastern Brazilian coast, was investigated during the summer of 1994. The sampling was carried out usinga bottom otter trawl at 26 stations located between 8 m and 65 m in depth. Ninety-three species of 40 families were identified in the area. Sciaenids were the most prominent in number of species, abundance, and weight. Ctenosciaena gracilicirrhus, Paralonchurus, brasiliensis, and Cynoscion jamaicensis dominated in the catches. Cluster analysis showed three major groups of species and three groups of sites. The first group was composed of species found in the Channel and shallower areas of the inner shelf, the second of species associated with the inner shelf «50 m depth), and the third group of species fTom the outer shelf (> 50 m depth). Environrnental variables considered in Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) explained 51 % of the variation in the species data. Bottom water temperature was the most important variable selected by CCA, accounting for 21% of the explainable variance. The results revealed that structure of the ichthyofauna was associated with water mass distribution. During the period studied, the area was occupied by the warm Coastal Water (CW), but cold South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) was detected over the bottom or the outer shelf, influencing the distribution and abundance ofthe main species.
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Siberonta, Michail Wiliem's, and Manoras Taraja. "PROBLEMATIKA IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN DAERAH KABUPATEN KARO NOMOR 3 TAHUN 2012 TENTANG PAJAK DAERAH." NOMMENSEN JOURNAL OF LEGAL OPINION 1, no. 01 (2020): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.51622/njlo.v1i01.42.
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Tax area is one of the important sources of local revenue to finance the development of a lauarge, real and responsible of aoutonoumos area, The role of the constructor visible in every project that undertaken by the government ic alwaayson the buzz of the project being build finance from the funds that have been mede lip of the society. Tax economic perspective as a mive from the private sector to the public sector. This understanding iustrates the exsistence of two situation being changed, first the ddiminished a bilitiy of individuals in control this understanding iustrates the sexsistence of two situation being changed. First the diminished abiling of individuals in control of resources for the importance of control goods and services. Increased local financial capasitiy in the provision of public goods and serulces the necessities of people’s live white the development from a legal perspektife is a bond that arises because of the regulations to the emergence of the comonity to defate certain income to the emergence of the comunitiy to defecate certain income to the region. The area that have the advantage to assert the impose and money of the area must be used to implement of the area, ftom this legal appreaceh to consider the law must be based on a regulation that ensures a legal. Certainty, both, both taxis as tax convectors and tax payers as payers tax payable. From various definitions give to the tax elther divectly or juridi cally drawn conclusion about the characteristics the exsistence of tunds transfer (resources) of the private sector (tax payers paying taxes) to the regional/state sector (tax administratios).
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Syeed, Sayyid M. "EDITORIAL." American Journal of Islam and Society 10, no. 3 (1993): v—vii. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v10i3.2487.
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Ftom the papets presented at the twenty-first annual conference of theAMSS in 1992, we have chosen here Sirajul Hussain's short article on"Islamic Science: Making of a Formal Intellectual Discipline." The otherpapets presented at the conference are being published sepamtely in theform of conference proceedings and should be available in one volumeat the twenty-second mual conference. This will be held at the headquartersof the IIIT on 15-17 October 1993.In this paper, Sirajul Hussain discusses some epistemological issuesrelated to the foundation of "Islamic science" as a formal intellectual discipline.He stresses the need for establishing an ontological necessity forthe uniquely monotheistic concept of tawbiii in Islam in terms of recentdevelopments in neuropsychology. This would show that the tuwltidiepisteme proceeds essentially in a purely non-Euclidean space. In thisway, we can show that the tuwh7liepisteme is amenable to scientificcorroboration. He also emphasizes the need to structure Islamic scienceas a formal academic course to be taught at the undergraduate and gtaduatelevels.Dilnawaz Siddiqui discusses selected major issues in instrUCti0~1-communication technology from an Islamic perspective. He tries to laythe groundwork by identifying major issues from a broad Islamic view.In addition, he outlines theoretical assumptions behind the identificationand analysis of instructional technology and develops six sets of relevantissues classified under the categories of humanity, message, medium,methods, milieu, and measurement.Mumtaz Jafari examines critically the objectives, the evolutionarycontext, and the value system in which counseling flourishes. Right at theoutset, he makes it clear that he is not providing an alternative frameworkbased on Islamic teachings. Rather, he is making a modest attempt toexamine critically the parameters of western counseling in order to illustratethe contrast between fundamental premises of Islamic ideology andpractice. The framework used is the Islamic outlook on life and the associatedobjectives and values that Islam regards as determinants of human ...
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Åhman, Birgitta. "Contaminants in food chains of arctic ungulates: what have we learned from the Chernobyl accident?" Rangifer 18, no. 5 (1998): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.18.3-4.1455.
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The Chernobyl accidenr of 1986 caused radioactive contamination of widespread areas of reindeer pasture in Scandinavia. Reindeer {Rangifer tarandus) are especially exposed to radioactive fallout due to their wintet diet, of which lichens are an important part. Much knowledge about the transfer of radiocaesium to reindeer, and via reindeer meat to man, was accumulated by intense scientific investigations, undertaken during the 1960s and 1970s, following nuclear weapons testing. Various ways to reduce the transfer of radiocaesium to animals and humans were also developed during this time. Much of the older knowledge proved to be of great value in the attempts to determine potential consequences of the Chernobyl accident and to suggest possible ways to ameliorate the effects of contamination. After Chernobyl, not only did reindeer prove to be a problem; many other food products originating ftom natural and semi-natural ecosystems were found to accumulate significant amounts of radiocaesium. Intense scientific work has produced new knowledge about the role of ungulates in the transfer of nutrients and contaminants within these systems. Different measures, like providing uncontaminated feed, use of caesium binders, altering the time of slaughter have been used with good results to minimize the transfer of radiocaesium to animals grazing natural pastures. The high cost of countermeasures has enforced consideration of cost against risk, which may also be of general interest with respect to other forms of pollution. Information, introduction of countermeasures and so forth would be more efficient in case a similar accident were to happen again. The Chernobyl accident is an obvious example of how human failures when dealing with a modern technical system can have global consequences and also be a potential threat to what we like to think of as the unspoiled wilderness of the Arctic.
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ČERNOŠA, Iva, Žan PIRC, and Andrej RENČELJ. "Vpliv SNP znotraj FTO in LEP gena na prirast telesne mase pri govedu." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 108, no. 1 (2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2016.108.1.3.
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Body mass gain in a certain time period is one of the most important parameters in beef production. Some candidate genes, which have major impact on growth traits, are known from the literature, notably among them the FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) and LEP (leptin) locus. In our experiment, we assessed the frequency of alleles at two polymorphic sites within the FTO gene (FTO6 and FTO10) and at polymorphic site in the LEP gene in a sample of Aberdeen Angus (AA) and Holstein Friesian (HF) breeds. In a larger sample, containing dairy and beef cattle breeds we tested the association of these three SNPs with the body mass gain in a 200-day period (between 165th and 365th day of age). In our material we could not confirm the linkage between two SNPs within the FTO locus, due to the existence of the region with high recombination rate between exon 5 and intron 5 in the FTO gene. We demonstrated significant impact of birth weight, breed and SNPs in the FTO gene on the growth. The effect of the polymorphic site within the LEP gene could not be confirmed.
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Maiygurova, Nina I., Frank Roessner, Tatiana V. Eliseeva, and Vladimir F. Selemenev. "SORPTION OF AMINO ACID AND CHANGES IN HYDRATION OF HETEROGENEOUS CATION- AND ANION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES FUMASEP." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 59, no. 4 (2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20165904.5336.
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Hydration of heterogeneous cation-exchange membranes Fumasep FTCM and anion-exchange membranes Fumasep FTAM in hydrogen and hydroxyl forms, respectively, sorbing tyrosine as well as of the samples being used in electrodialysis concentration of tyrosine solution was studied using the methods of thermogravimetry and IR-spectroscopy. It was revealed that tyrosine sorption and membranes application in electrodialysis of this amino acid solution causes membranes hydration decrease. The decrease in membrane hydration after its contact with tyrosine leads to membrane surface hydrophobicity grow up and, consequently, make significant influence on amino acid’s mass transfer.
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Sørensen, A. Josefine Munch, Michal Fereczkowski, and Ewen N. MacDonald. "Effects of Noise and Second Language on Conversational Dynamics in Task Dialogue." Trends in Hearing 25 (January 2021): 233121652110244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23312165211024482.
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This study provides a framework for measuring conversational dynamics between conversational partners (interlocutors). Conversations from 20 pairs of young, normal-hearing, native-Danish talkers were recorded when speaking in both quiet and noise (70 dBA sound pressure level [SPL]) and in Danish and English. Previous studies investigating the intervals from when one talker stops talking to when the next one starts, termed floor-transfer offsets (FTOs), suggest that typical turn-taking requires interlocutors to predict when the current talker will finish their turn. We hypothesized that adding noise and/or speaking in a second language (L2) would increase the communication difficulty and result in longer and more variable FTOs. The median and interquartile range of FTOs increased slightly in noise, and in L2, there was a small increase in interquartile range but a small decrease in the median of FTO durations. It took the participants longer to complete the task in both L2 and noise, indicating increased communication difficulty. The average duration of interpausal units, that is, units of connected speech surrounded by silences of 180 ms or more, increased by 18% in noise and 8% in L2. These findings suggest that talkers held their turn for longer, allowing more time for speech understanding and planning. In L2, participants spoke slower, and in both L2 and noise, they took fewer turns. These changes in behavior may have offset some of the increased difficulty when communicating in noise or L2. We speculate that talkers prioritize the maintenance of turn-taking timing over other speech measures.
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Linington, P. F. "FTAM tutorial." Computer Compacts 4, no. 4 (1986): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7136(86)90093-4.
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Azim Mohd Yunus, Azrul, and Tahir Ahmad. "Determination of Number of New Elements for Sequence of Fuzzy Topographic Topological Mapping." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.15 (2018): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.15.25757.
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Problem involving neuro magnetic inverse problem can be solved with Fuzzy Topographic Topological Mapping (FTTM). FTTM is a model consists of four components and connected by three algorithms. FTTM version 1 and version 2 were designed to present 3D view of an unbounded single current and bounded multicurrent sources, respectively. Several definitions related to sequence of FTTM were introduced by Suhana and the feature, namely the cube of FTTM are developed. In this paper, sequence of FTTM namely FTTMn are discussed. Consequently, some theorems are proved to describe the number of the new elements produced from the FTTMn. Besides that, the number of new elements produced from combination of sequence of FTTMn can be written as a combination from cubes of FTTMn.
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Apata, David Friday. "Effect of Terminalia catappa Fruit Meal Fermented by Aspergillus niger as Replacement of Maize on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Serum Biochemical Profile of Broiler Chickens." Biotechnology Research International 2011 (September 1, 2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/907546.
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A feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented Terminalia catappa fruit meal (FTCM) with Aspergillus niger as replacement for maize on broiler growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and serum biochemical constituents. Dietary maize was replaced by FTCM at 0, 20, 40, 60, or 80%. One hundred and eighty one-day-old Shaver broiler chicks were randomly allocated to the five dietary treatments, three replicate groups of twelve chicks each for a 42-day period. There was no significant difference () in the feed intake, weight gain, and feed; gain ratio between the broilers fed on 40% FTCM diet and the control group. The apparent digestibilities of nitrogen, crude fibre, and fat decreased significantly in broilers fed higher levels (40%) of FTCM replacement diets compared with the control or lower FTCM diets. Serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, and globulin were decreased () on 80% FTCM fed broilers. Serum cholesterol, creatinine, and glucose were not significantly () altered among treatments. The activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase were significantly () increased with higher FTCM replacement. The results indicate that FTCM could replace up to 40% of dietary maize in the diets of broiler chickens without adverse effect on growth performance or serum constituents.
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Xu, Zhenlan, Lingxiangyu Li, Bernhard Henkelmann, and Karl-Werner Schramm. "Occurrence of fluorotelomer alcohols at two Alpine summits: sources, transport and temporal trends." Environmental Chemistry 14, no. 4 (2017): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en16190.
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Environmental contextThe transport and fate of organic pollutants such as fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) in the atmosphere affect their risks to the environment and human health. On the basis of hourly trajectory predictions, we found that, from 2007 to 2010, individual levels of 6:2, 8:2 and 10:2 FTOH were from non-detectable to 72.4pgm–3 at two Alpine summits. Air mass origin was an important factor determining the Alpine atmospheric FTOH levels. AbstractThe transport and fate of fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) in the atmosphere affect their risks to the environment and human health. In this study, we aimed to investigate the sources, transport and temporal variations of FTOHs (6:2, 8:2 and 10:2 FTOH) at two Alpine summits (Sonnblick and Zugspitze). The active air sampler consisting of four XAD cartridges was applied to collect FTOHs from 2007 to 2010. Four separate cartridges were assigned for four air flow regimes (three European sectors and one mixed source origin), and switched and controlled on the basis of an hourly trajectory prediction. FTOH (6:2, 8:2 and 10:2) was measured with individual concentrations ranging from less than the limit of detection to 72.4pgm–3. Also, 8:2 FTOH was the dominant compound, accounting for 41–72% of the total FTOH (ΣFTOH) concentration. Significant differences were not observed in FTOH concentrations between Sonnblick and Zugspitze since the two sites are relatively close compared with the geographic extent of the area studied. Air-flow regime was an important factor determining the atmospheric FTOH levels. Particularly at Zugspitze, air mass from the NE (regions north-east of the Alps) showed the highest median ΣFTOH concentration (36.9pgm–3), followed by S (the Po basin in Italy), NW (regions north-west of Alps) and M (mixed source origin, polar regions or high altitudes). Furthermore, the seasonal variation in FTOH concentrations was not correlated with the site temperatures, but was dependent on the wind speed. Overall, the results indicated low FTOH concentrations at these two Alpine summits compared with European populated cities and provided important information for understanding the fate of FTOHs in the Alpine atmosphere.
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D'Ambrosio, Anthony L., J. Mocco, Todd C. Hankinson, Harry R. van Loveren, and Jeffrey N. Bruce. "Quantification of the Frontotemporal Orbitozygomatic Approach Using a Three-Dimensional Visualization and Modeling Application." Operative Neurosurgery 62, suppl_1 (2008): ONS251—ONS261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000317401.38960.f6.
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Abstract Objective: We sought to simulate the frontotemporal orbitozygomatic (FTOZ) craniotomy in a three-dimensional virtual environment on patient-specific data and to quantify the exposure afforded by the FTOZ while simulating controlled amounts of brain retraction. Methods: Four computed tomographic angiograms were reconstructed with commercially available software (Amira 4.1.1; Mercury Computer Systems, Inc., Chelmsford, MA), and virtual FTOZ craniotomies were performed bilaterally (n = 8). Brain retraction was simulated at 1 and 2 cm. Surgical freedom and projection angle were measured and compared at each stage of the FTOZ. Results: At 1 cm of retraction, surgical freedom increased by 27 ± 14% for the removal of the orbital rim and by 31 ±18% for FTOZ (P &lt; 0.01) when compared with frontotemporal (FT) craniotomy. At 2 cm of retraction, surgical freedom increased by 15 ± 5% and 26 ± 8% for the removal of the orbital rim and FTOZ, respectively (P &lt; 0.01). With increased retraction, surgical freedom increased by 100 ± 26%, 81 ± 15%, and 82 ± 27% for the FT, removal of the orbital rim, and FTOZ craniotomies, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). Projection angle increased by 24.2% when orbital rim removal was added to the FT craniotomy (P &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: Surgical freedom increases significantly at every step of the FTOZ craniotomy. This effect is less robust when brain retraction is increased. Brain retraction alone has a greater impact on surgical freedom than bone removal alone. Projection angle is significantly increased when orbital rim removal is added to the FT craniotomy. This model overcomes two major limitations of cadaver-based models: quantification of brain retraction and incorporation of patient-specific anatomy.
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Choudhary, Shailesh K., Neelima R. Choudhary, Katherine C. Kimbrell, et al. "R5 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection of Fetal Thymic Organ Culture Induces Cytokine and CCR5 Expression." Journal of Virology 79, no. 1 (2005): 458–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.1.458-471.2005.
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ABSTRACT Late-stage CCR5 tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates (R5 HIV-1) can deplete nearly all CD4+ thymocytes from human thymus/liver grafts, despite the fact that fewer than 5% of these cells express CCR5. To resolve this paradox, we studied the replication and cytopathic effects (CPE) of late-stage R5 HIV-1 biological clones from two progressors and two long-term nonprogressors (LTNP) in fetal thymic organ culture (FTOC) with and without added cytokines. We found that R5 HIV-1 clones from progressors but not LTNP were cytopathic in untreated FTOC. Moreover, R5 HIV-1 clones from progressors replicated to higher levels than LTNP-derived R5 HIV-1 clones in this system. In contrast, when FTOC was maintained in the presence of interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-7, both progressor and LTNP clones exhibited similar replication and CPE, which were equal to or greater than the levels achieved by progressor-derived R5 HIV-1 clones in untreated FTOC. This finding was likely due to IL-2-induced CCR5 expression on CD4+ thymocytes in FTOC. R5 HIV-1 clones showed greater pathogenesis for CCR5+ cells but also showed evidence of CPE on CCR5− cells. Furthermore, infection of FTOC by R5 HIV-1 induced IL-10 and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) expression. Both IL-10 and TGF-β in turn induced CCR5 expression in FTOC. Induction of CCR5 expression via cytokine induction by R5 HIV-1 infection of CCR5+ thymocytes likely permitted further viral replication in newly CCR5+ thymocytes. CCR5 expression, therefore, is a key determinant of pathogenesis of R5 HIV-1 in FTOC.
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Shinohara, Akihito, Nobuhiro Hiramoto, Saiko Kurosawa, et al. "High Non-Relapse Mortality and Low Relapse Incidence in Sex-Mismatched Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation From Female Donor with Male Child." Blood 120, no. 21 (2012): 1945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.1945.1945.
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Abstract Abstract 1945 Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) from female donor to male recipient (F to M) has been reported to be a risk factor of poor prognosis. Although immune responses to male specific minor histocompatibility antigens (H-Y) are suggested to be involved, this hypothesis has not yet been well validated. To clarify the significance of exposure to H-Y, we retrospectively surveyed the medical records of 292 patients with hematological malignancies who underwent allo-HSCT from a related donor at National Cancer Center Hospital from 2001 to 2010. Data about children's sex and pregnancies of female donors were collected by chart review. The median follow-up of survivors was 69 months (range; 3–128) after HSCT. The median age of donors and recipients were 47 years (range; 12–69 years) and 51 years (range; 18–69 years), respectively. The distribution of sex combination of donors and recipients were as follows: 94 male to male, 57 female to female, 70 female to male and 71 male to female. About a half of female donors had pregnancy history (79 of 127; 62.2%, including abortion history). According to F to M sex-mismatch pattern and children's sex, patients were divided into three groups: 31 female donor with male child to male recipient (F to M with MC), 39 female donor without male child to male recipient (F to M without MC) and 222 non-F to M sex combination (non-F to M). The F to M sex-mismatch pattern did not significantly affect OS regardless of children's sex (5-year OS, F to M with MC; 52%, F to M without MC 40%; non-FtoM; 43%). In multivariate analysis, only disease status before HSCT significantly affected OS (hazard ratio [HR]; 1.64, 95% confidential interval [CI]; 1.17 to 2.28, P<0.01). However, non-relapse mortality (NRM) was significantly higher in F to M with MC than in the other groups (5-year NRM, F to M with MC; 34%, F to M without MC 24%; non-F to M; 20%, P=0.02), which was also confirmed in multivariate analysis (HR 2.00, 95% CI; 1.11 to 3.58, P=0.02). Furthermore, relapse incidence (RI) tended to be lower in F to M with MC than in the other groups (5-year RI, F to M with MC; 23%, F to M without MC 41%; non-F to M; 43%, P=0.12), which was of borderline significance in multivariate analysis (HR 0.48, 95% CI; 0.21 to 1.09, P=0.08). Because the cumulative incidences of acute and chronic GVHD in F to M with MC were higher than those of F to M without MC (26% v.s. 13%; P=0.12, 52% v.s. 37%; P=0.26, respectively), immune response to H-Y were suggested to be involved in the transplant outcome. In summary, F to M with MC had some special features, high NRM and low RI. These effects were counteracted by each other, resulting in similar OS to the other groups. These data suggest the possibility that poor outcome of allo-HSCT from F to M results from the immune response to H-Y and that the exposure of H-Y before donation is critical for the response. Further investigation in a large number of patients is warranted. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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De Souza, Jonas A., Brisa Aschebrook-Kilfoy, Raymon Grogan, Bonnie J. Yap, Christopher Daugherty, and David Cella. "Grading financial toxicity based upon its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQol)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 3_suppl (2016): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.3_suppl.16.
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16 Background: Financial toxicity (FTox) is an important symptom. We hypothesized that FTox can be graded based on statistically significant and clinically meaningful changes in HRQoL. Methods: FTox was assessed by the COST (COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity) in 2 sets of cancer patients (pts). Set 1(S1): pts with Stage IV cancers on chemotherapy. Gradations of FTox were determined by ROC analyses based on conventions for clinically meaningful small (0.2), medium (0.5) and large (0.8) effect sizes (e.s.) for the FACT-G HRQoL instrument. Demographics, income, mood disorders (POMS), and symptoms (EORTC QLQ-C30) were collected. We computed η2 (Eta squared) to estimate the magnitude of the variability in HRQoL explained by specific symptoms. Set 2 (S2): pts and survivors with thyroid cancer within 3 years of diagnosis. In S2, HRQoL was assessed by the thyroid-specific City of Hope HRQoL measure. Results: A total of 600 cancer pts were assessed (233 in the S1 and 367 in the S2). S1: the median COST value was 23 (range 0-44). ROC curve analyses produced 4 COST grades (G): G0 ≥ 26 (99 pts, 42%); G1: ≥ 14-26 (71 pts, 31%); G2: > 0-14 (58 pts, 25%); and G3: = 0 (5 pts, 2%). Pts with G0 had no impact of FTox on their HRQoL. Absolute e.s. decreases in FACT-G by grade compared to G0 were: G1, 0.59 (95% CI: 0.27 – 0.90); G2, 0.92 (CI: 0.59 – 1.26); G3, 1.77 (CI: 0.83 – 2.70). In multivariate analyses, mood explained 22% (CI 13-31%) of the variability in FACT-G; FTox, 7.6% (CI 2.2-15%); fatigue, 5.6% (CI 1.1-12%); pain, 3.6% (CI 0.3-9.6%); and loss of appetite, 3.4%(CI 0.3-9.3%). VS: applying the COST thresholds to S2, we had: G0: 154 pts (42%); G1: 126 (34%); G2: 84 (23%); and G3: 3(1%). The decreases in HRQoL measured in e.s. were: G1: 0.84 (CI: 0.68 – 1.00); G2: 1.88 (CI: 1.67 – 2.09); G3: 2.99 (CI: 2.29 – 3.68). The association between HRQoL and FTox was significant in multivariate models in both sets (p < 0.001). Conclusions: We developed and validated a FTox grading system in 2 different set of patients. This grading was anchored on independent and clinically meaningful changes in HRQoL attributable to FTox. FTox is a meaningful event that can be objectively measured, and should be included in the assessment of patient-centered outcomes.
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Chang, J. Y., C. C. Tsai, and T. W. Hsu. "Using Fictitious Time Integration Method to Study Wave Propagation Over Arbitrary Bathymetry." Journal of Mechanics 29, no. 3 (2013): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2013.32.
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AbstractIn this study, the fictitious time integration method (FTIM) is applied to investigate wave propagation over an arbitrary bathymetry with measured uncertainty. The FTIM is used to convert the higher-order elliptic mild-slope equation (EMSE) into a FTIM like EMSE (FTIMEMSE). It has the advantage to describe wave transformation from deep water to shallow water region in a large coastal area with numerical efficiency. The validity of the noise resistance for the measured uncertainty of the bathymetry is also studied. In addition, typical examples for waves propagating over an elliptic shoal rest on a horizontal and sloping bottom is presented. It is concluded that the FTIM is robust in the numerical stability and capable of against the noise of the measurement.
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Poo, Gee-Swee, and Boon-Ping Chai. "ISO FTAM protocol performance." Computer Communications 14, no. 7 (1991): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-3664(91)90030-5.
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Jinming, Fang. "Categories isomorphic to -FTOP." Fuzzy Sets and Systems 157, no. 6 (2006): 820–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fss.2005.12.002.
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Zheng, Zhuoqi, Difeng Wang, Fang Gong, Xianqiang He, and Yan Bai. "A Study on the Flux of Total Suspended Matter in the Padma River in Bangladesh Based on Remote-Sensing Data." Water 13, no. 17 (2021): 2373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172373.
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The flux of total suspended matter (TSM), FTSM, output by several large rivers in Asia, has been in decline due to human activities. As the estuary of the Ganges–Brahmaputra River, the Padma River transports a significant amount of suspended matter (SM) to the Bay of Bengal each year. In this study, the TSM concentration (CTSM) and FTSM in the Padma River in the period 1991–2019 were calculated based on the data acquired by the Landsat series satellites and an empirical TSM algorithm model for large, high-turbidity rivers. The results showed that the maximum and minimum FTSM values (318 ± 62 and 73 ± 29 mt, respectively) in the Padma River occurred in 2011 and 2015, respectively. On average, FTSM in the Padma River decreased at an annual rate of 3.3 mt (p < 0.01). The impact of human activities on CTSM contributed more significantly to the changes in FTSM (R = 0.76) than natural factors (R = 0.44). Due to a lack of water conservancy facilities within the river basin, changes in the water and soil retention capacity due to the changes in vegetation coverage were an important human factor (R = −0.79).
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Bouma, Margriet. "FTO loont." Huisarts en wetenschap 54, no. 3 (2011): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12445-011-0061-8.
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De Souza, Jonas A., Raymon Grogan, and Brisa Aschebrook-Kilfoy. "Financial toxicity in thyroid cancer: An analysis from the North American Thyroid Cancer Survivorship study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 3_suppl (2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.3_suppl.17.
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17 Background: Financial toxicity (FTox) has been associated with worse health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL), compliance, and even survival in cancer patients (pts). Measuring FTox and understanding its predictors are of paramount importance when planning intervention strategies, the value of care, and healthcare policies. We report FTox and its predictors in a large cohort of thyroid cancer pts and survivors. Methods: Pts with thyroid cancer were surveyed in the North American Thyroid Cancer Survivorship Study. FTox was assessed by the previously validated COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity (COST), as well as by questions related to financial distress (out-of-pocket costs, loss of income and bankruptcy). Data on sociodemographics, income, type of disease, length of diagnosis (LOD), and prior therapies were collected. Predictors of FTox were assessed in multivariate analyses, controlling for potential confounders, such as HRQoL (as measured by the thyroid cancer-specific City of Hope instrument), type of treatment received, and LOD. Results: 591 pts with thyroid cancer within the past 6 years were surveyed in 2 countries: 553 (93.5%) in the United States (U.S.), and 38 (6.5%) in Canada. Most were women (n = 518 pts, 88%). The median LOD was 857 days (range 105-2176 days), and 430 pts (72.8%) had papillary thyroid cancer. There were 61 pts (10.3%) with Stage IV, and 11 (1.9%) were on tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Overall, 234 pts (39.5%) stated that their out-of-pocket costs were higher than previously thought; 207 pts (35%) felt their disease resulted in loss of income; 44 pts (7.4%) were unable to meet their monthly expenses; and 7 pts (1.2%) declared bankruptcy after diagnosis. The median COST value was 24 (range 0-44). In multivariate analyses, the independent predictors of worse FTox were lower income (p < 0.001), female gender (p = 0.01), lower educational level (p = 0.002), healthcare delivery in the U.S., (p = 0.002), and worse HRQoL (p < 0.001). Conclusions: A significant proportion of thyroid cancer pts experience FTox. We identified pts characteristics (gender, education, income), as well as geographical differences (healthcare delivery in the U.S.) as predictors of FTox.
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Gao, Shuting, Xitong Li, Miao Zhang, Ning Zhang, Ruiyong Wang, and Junbiao Chang. "Structural characteristics of small-molecule inhibitors targeting FTO demethylase." Future Medicinal Chemistry 13, no. 17 (2021): 1475–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc-2021-0132.
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Studies have shown that the FTO gene is closely related to obesity and weight gain in humans. FTO is an N6-methyladenosine demethylase and is linked to an increased risk of obesity and a variety of diseases, such as acute myeloid leukemia, type 2 diabetes, breast cancer, glioblastoma and cervical squamous cell carcinoma. In light of the significant role of FTO, the development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting the FTO protein provides not only a powerful tool for grasping the active site of FTO but also a theoretical basis for the design and synthesis of drugs targeting the FTO protein. This review focuses on the structural characteristics of FTO inhibitors and discusses the occurrence of obesity and cancer caused by FTO gene overexpression.
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Joo, Jaehyun, Heonjoo Lee, and Siwoo Kim. "A Study on the Correction of Error Induced by FTOD for Investigation of a Metal Jet Behavior." Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology 17, no. 5 (2014): 577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.9766/kimst.2014.17.5.577.
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Mizuno, Tooru. "Fat Mass and Obesity Associated (FTO) Gene and Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism." Nutrients 10, no. 11 (2018): 1600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10111600.
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Common genetic variants of the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene are strongly associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. FTO is ubiquitously expressed. Earlier studies have focused on the role of hypothalamic FTO in the regulation of metabolism. However, recent studies suggest that expression of hepatic FTO is regulated by metabolic signals, such as nutrients and hormones, and altered FTO levels in the liver affect glucose and lipid metabolism. This review outlines recent findings on hepatic FTO in the regulation of metabolism, with particular focus on hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. It is proposed that abnormal activity of hepatic signaling pathways involving FTO links metabolic impairments such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, a better understanding of these pathways may lead to therapeutic approaches to treat these metabolic diseases by targeting hepatic FTO. The overall goal of this review is to place FTO within the context of hepatic regulation of metabolism.
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Rugytė, Danguolė Č., and Loreta Strumylaitė. "Potential Relationship between Cerebral Fractional Tissue Oxygen Extraction (FTOE) and the Use of Sedative Agents during the Perioperative Period in Neonates and Infants." Children 7, no. 11 (2020): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7110209.
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Fractional tissue oxygen extraction (FTOE) by means of cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides information about oxygen uptake in the brain. Experimental animal data suggest that sedative agents decrease cerebral oxygen demand. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the cerebral FTOE and the use of pre and intraoperative sedative agents in infants aged 1–90 days. Cerebral NIRS was continuously applied during open major non-cardiac surgery in 46 infants. The main outcomes were the mean intraoperative FTOE and the percentage (%) of time of intraoperative hyperoxiaFTOE relative to the total duration of anesthesia. HyperoxiaFTOE was defined as FTOE ≤ 0.1. Cumulative doses of sedative agents (benzodiazepines and morphine), given up to 24 h preoperatively, correlated with the mean intraoperative FTOE (Spearman’s rho = −0.298, p = 0.0440) and were predictive for the % of time of intraoperative hyperoxiaFTOE (β (95% CI) 47.12 (7.32; 86.92)) when adjusted for the patients’ age, type of surgery, preoperative hemoglobin, intraoperative sevoflurane and fentanyl dose, mean intraoperative arterial blood pressure, and end-tidal CO2 by multivariate 0.75 quantile regression. There was no association with 0.5 quantile regression. We observed the suggestive positive association of decreased fractional cerebral tissue oxygen extraction and the use of sedative agents in neonates and infants undergoing surgery.
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Shukor, Noorsufia Abd, Tahir Ahmad, Amidora Idris, Siti Rahmah Awang, and Amirul Aizad Ahmad Fuad. "Graph of Fuzzy Topographic Topological Mapping in relation to k-Fibonacci Sequence." Journal of Mathematics 2021 (August 24, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7519643.
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A generated n-sequence of fuzzy topographic topological mapping, FTTM n , is a combination of n number of FTTM’s graphs. An assembly graph is a graph whereby its vertices have valency of one or four. A Hamiltonian path is a path that visits every vertex of the graph exactly once. In this paper, we prove that assembly graphs exist in FTTM n and establish their relations to the Hamiltonian polygonal paths. Finally, the relation between the Hamiltonian polygonal paths induced from FTTM n to the k-Fibonacci sequence is established and their upper and lower bounds’ number of paths is determined.
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Khatri, Vinay, Fatma Meddeb-Mouelhi, and Marc Beauregard. "New insights into the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic polymers by using fluorescent tagged carbohydrate-binding modules." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 2, no. 2 (2018): 479–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7se00427c.
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Modification of lignocellulosic polymers at the surface of wood fibers can easily be monitored using fluorescent probes (FTCM method). By applying FTCM, a simple and rapid method, biomass industries could substantially improve cost-effectiveness of production of biofuels and other lignocellulosic biomass-based products.
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Tews, D., P. Fischer-Posovszky, T. Fromme, et al. "FTO Deficiency Induces UCP-1 Expression and Mitochondrial Uncoupling in Adipocytes." Endocrinology 154, no. 9 (2013): 3141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2012-1873.
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Variants in the fat mass- and obesity-associated (FTO) gene are associated with obesity and body fat mass in genome-wide association studies. However, the mechanism by which FTO predisposes individuals to obesity is not clear so far. First mechanistic evidence was shown in Fto-negative mice. These mice are resistant to obesity due to enhanced energy expenditure, whereas the mass of brown adipose tissue remains unchanged. We hypothesize that FTO is involved in the induction of white adipose tissue browning, which leads to mitochondrial uncoupling and increases energy expenditure. Uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp-1) was significantly higher expressed in both gonadal and inguinal adipose depots of Fto−/− compared with Fto+/+ littermates accompanied by the appearance of multivacuolar, Ucp-1-positive adipocytes in these tissues. By using lentiviral short hairpin RNA constructs, we established FTO-deficient human preadipocytes and adipocytes and analyzed key metabolic processes. FTO-deficient adipocytes showed an adipogenic differentiation rate comparable with control cells but exhibited a reduced de novo lipogenesis despite unchanged glucose uptake. In agreement with the mouse data, FTO-deficient adipocytes exhibited 4-fold higher expression of UCP-1 in mitochondria compared with control cells. The up-regulation of UCP-1 in FTO-deficient adipocytes resulted in enhanced mitochondrial uncoupling. We conclude that FTO deficiency leads to the induction of a brown adipocyte phenotype, thereby enhancing energy expenditure. Further understanding of the signaling pathway connecting FTO with UCP-1 expression might lead to new options for obesity and overweight treatment.
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Liu, Shu-Jing, Hui-Ling Tang, Qian He, et al. "FTO is a transcriptional repressor to auto-regulate its own gene and potentially associated with homeostasis of body weight." Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 11, no. 2 (2018): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmcb/mjy028.
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Abstract Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) protein is a ferrous ion (Fe2+)/2-oxoglutarate (2-OG)-dependent demethylase preferentially catalyzing m6A sites in RNA. The FTO gene is highly expressed in the hypothalamus with fluctuation in response to various nutritional conditions, which is believed to be involved in the control of whole body metabolism. However, the underlying mechanism in response to different nutritional cues remains poorly understood. Here we show that ketogenic diet-derived ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) transiently increases FTO expression in both mouse hypothalamus and cultured cells. Interestingly, the FTO protein represses Fto promoter activity, which can be offset by BHB. We then demonstrate that FTO binds to its own gene promoter, and Fe2+, but not 2-OG, impedes this binding and increases FTO expression. The BHB-induced occupancy of the promoter by FTO influences the assembly of the basal transcriptional machinery. Importantly, a loss-of-function FTO mutant (I367F), which induces a lean phenotype in FTOI367F mice, exhibits augmented binding and elevated potency to repress the promoter. Furthermore, FTO fails to bind to its own promoter that promotes FTO expression in the hypothalamus of high-fat diet-induced obese and 48-h fasting mice, suggesting a disruption of the stable expression of this gene. Taken together, this study uncovers a new function of FTO as a Fe2+-sensitive transcriptional repressor dictating its own gene switch to form an auto-regulatory loop that may link with the hypothalamic control of body weight.
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Fu, Ganglan, Shibin Du, Tianfeng Huang, et al. "FTO (Fat-Mass and Obesity-Associated Protein) Participates in Hemorrhage-Induced Thalamic Pain by Stabilizing Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression in Thalamic Neurons." Stroke 52, no. 7 (2021): 2393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.121.034173.
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Background and Purpose: Hemorrhage-caused gene changes in the thalamus likely contribute to thalamic pain genesis. RNA N 6 -methyladenosine modification is an additional layer of gene regulation. Whether FTO (fat-mass and obesity-associated protein), an N 6 -methyladenosine demethylase, participates in hemorrhage-induced thalamic pain is unknown. Methods: Expression of Fto mRNA and protein was assessed in mouse thalamus after hemorrhage caused by microinjection of Coll IV (type IV collagenase) into unilateral thalamus. Effect of intraperitoneal administration of meclofenamic acid (a FTO inhibitor) or microinjection of adeno-associated virus 5 (AAV5) expressing Cre into the thalamus of Fto fl/fl mice on the Coll IV microinjection–induced TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4) upregulation and nociceptive hypersensitivity was examined. Effect of thalamic microinjection of AAV5 expressing Fto (AAV5- Fto ) on basal thalamic TLR4 expression and nociceptive thresholds was also analyzed. Additionally, level of N 6 -methyladenosine in Tlr4 mRNA and its binding to FTO or YTHDF2 (YTH N 6 -methyladenosine RNA binding protein 2) were observed. Results: FTO was detected in neuronal nuclei of thalamus. Level of FTO protein, but not mRNA, was time-dependently increased in the ipsilateral thalamus on days 1 to 14 after Coll IV microinjection. Intraperitoneal injection of meclofenamic acid or adeno-associated virus-5 expressing Cre microinjection into Fto fl/fl mouse thalamus attenuated the Coll IV microinjection–induced TLR4 upregulation and tissue damage in the ipsilateral thalamus and development and maintenance of nociceptive hypersensitivities on the contralateral side. Thalamic microinjection of AAV5- Fto increased TLR4 expression and elicited hypersensitivities to mechanical, heat and cold stimuli. Mechanistically, Coll IV microinjection produced an increase in FTO binding to Tlr4 mRNA, an FTO-dependent loss of N 6 -methyladenosine sites in Tlr4 mRNA and a reduction in the binding of YTHDF2 to Tlr4 mRNA in the ipsilateral thalamus. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that FTO participates in hemorrhage-induced thalamic pain by stabilizing TLR4 upregulation in thalamic neurons. FTO may be a potential target for the treatment of this disorder.
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Su, Rui, Zejuan Li, Hengyou Weng, et al. "Fto Plays an Oncogenic Role in Acute Myeloid Leukemia As a N6-Methyladenosine RNA Demethylase." Blood 128, no. 22 (2016): 2706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2706.2706.
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Abstract Introduction N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal modification in messenger RNA (mRNA) mainly occurring at consensus motif of G[G>A]m6AC[U>A>C]. Despite the functional importance of m6A modification in various fundamental bioprocesses, the studies of m6A modification in cancer, especially in leukemia have largely been limited.Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), the first RNA demethylase,was known to be robustly associated with increased body mass and obesity in humans. However, the impact of FTO, especially as a RNA demethylase, in cancer development and progression has yet to be investigated. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common and fatal forms of hematopoietic malignancies with distinct geneticabnormalities and variable response to treatment.Here, we aim to definethe roleof FTO as an m6A demethylase in AML. Methods To access the potential effect of FTO, we analyzed its expression in AML patients with distinct genetic mutations. To determine the influence of FTO on transformation capacity/ cell viability and leukemogenesis, colony-forming/replating assay (CFA), MTT assays, cell apoptosis and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were carried out. To identify potential targets of FTO, transcriptome-wide m6A-seq and RNA-seq were performed. To evaluate the function of FTO on m6A modification and mRNA metabolism,m6A dot blot, gene-specific m6A qPCR assays and RNA stability assays were conducted. To elucidate whether FTO-mediated regulation of its targets depends on its demethylase activity, gene-specific m6A qPCR assays and luciferase reporter and mutagenesis assays were carried out. To investigate the potential roles of FTO and its targets in hematopoiesis, ATRA-induced APL cell differentiation was used. Results In analysis of AML datasets, we found FTO is highly expressed in AMLs with t(11q23)/MLL-rearrangements, t(15;17)/PML-RARA, FLT3-ITD and/or NPM1 mutations. Lentivirus-induced expression of wild-type FTO, but not mutant FTO (carrying two point mutations, H231A and D233A , which disrupt its enzymatic activity), significantly enhanced colony forming activities, promoted cell proliferation/transformation, restricted cell apoptosis and decreased global mRNA m6A levelin vitro. Forced expression of Fto significantly (p<0.05; log-rank test) accelerated MLL-AF9-induced leukemogenesis and decreased global m6A level in leukemic BM cells. The opposite is true when FTO/Fto was knocked down by shRNAs or genetically knocked out. Via transcriptome-wide m6A-sequencingand RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) assays in MONOMAC-6 AML cells with or without overexpression or knockdown of FTO, we identified two functionally critical targets of FTO, ASB2 and RARA.Forced expression of wild-type FTO, but not mutant FTO, reduced expression of RARA and ASB2. Forced expression of either ASB2 or RARA largely recapitulated the phenotypes caused by FTO knockdown. Moreover, the effects of overexpression or knockdownof FTO can be largely rescued by that of RARA or ASB2, indicating that they are functional important targets of FTO. Forced expression and knockdown of FTO reduced and increased, respectively, the m6A levels on ASB2 and RARA mRNA transcripts,and shortened and prolonged, respectively, the half-life of ASB2 and RARAmRNA transcripts in AML cells.Importantly, FTO reduced luciferase activity ofASB23'UTR, RARA3'UTR or RARA5'UTR constructs with intact m6A sites, while mutations in the m6A sites abrogated the inhibition, demonstrating that FTO-mediated gene regulation relies on its demethylase activity. Upon ATRA treatment, FTO was significantly down-regulated, while RARA and ASB2were up-regulated in NB4 APL cells. Forced expression of FTO noticeably suppressed, while depletion of FTO enhanced, ATRA-induced cell differentiation.Forced expression of either RARA or ASB2 could also substantially enhance NB4 cell differentiation. Conclusions In summary, we provide compelling in vitro and in vivo evidence demonstrating that FTO, an m6A demethylase, plays a critical oncogenic role in cell transformation and leukemogenesis as well as in ATRA-mediated differentiation of leukemic cells, through reducing m6A levels in mRNA transcripts of its critical target genes such as ASB2 and RARA and thereby triggering corresponding signaling cascades. Our study highlights the functional importance of the m6A modification machinery in leukemia. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Doaei, Saeid, Naser Kalantari, Nastaran Keshavarz Mohammadi, et al. "The Role of FTO Genotype in the Association Between FTO Gene Expression and Anthropometric Measures in Obese and Overweight Adolescent Boys." American Journal of Men's Health 13, no. 1 (2018): 155798831880811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988318808119.
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The role of FTO genotype in the effect of FTO gene expression level on change in body mass index and body composition has not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the role of FTO genotype in the association between change in the expression level of the FTO gene with changes in anthropometric measurements in obese and overweight adolescent boys. Eighty-four boys aged 12 to 16 years participated in this longitudinal study. A bioimpedance analyzer (BIA) was used to estimate percentage of body fat (%body fat) and percentage of skeletal muscle (%skeletal muscle). The FTO gene expression level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was assessed using quantitative Real Time PCR (qPCR). The DNA samples were genotyped for the FTO gene polymorphisms by DNA sequencing. All measurements were performed at baseline and after intervention. A significant association was observed between the level of gene expression and %skeletal muscle. The gene expression fold change was significantly associated with change in %skeletal muscle in AA or AG genotype carriers (β = 0.34, p = .02). No significant association was detected between the change in FTO gene expression with change in anthropometric indices in GG genotype carriers. In conclusion, the association between FTO gene expression and body composition can be influenced by FTO genotype. Future studies are required to assess the interactions between FTO genotype, FTO gene expression in different tissues, and body composition.
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Wan Ahmad, Wan Rosmaria, M. H. Mamat, A. S. Zoolfakar, et al. "Effect of substrate placement in schott vial to hematite properties." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 1 (2019): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i1.1391.
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In the present study, hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanostructures were deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrate using sonicated immersion synthesis method. The effect of FTO glass substrate placement in Schott vial during immersion process was studied on the growth of the hematite nanostructure and its properties. XRD pattern has revealed seven diffraction peaks of α-Fe2O3 for both hematite nanostructures samples attributed to polycrystalline with rhombohedral lattice structure. The surface morphologies from FESEM have shown that the hematite nanostructures were grown uniformly in both samples with FTO conductive layer facing up and down. Hematite sample with FTO facing down exhibits a smaller size of nanorod, 26.7 nm average diameter, compared to the hematite sample that FTO face up with 53.8nm average diameter. Optical properties revealed higher transmittance in the sample with FTO facing down, probably due to smaller size of nanostructure. The optical band gap energy plotted and extrapolated at 2.50eV and 2.55eV for FTO face up and FTO face down hematite samples respectively, presenting the sample with FTO face up has a lower optical bandgap energy.
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Ren, Yang, Gao Yang Zhao, and Jie Shen. "Preparation of Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide Film by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis." Materials Science Forum 695 (July 2011): 594–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.695.594.
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Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) film is one of the most promising transparent conducting materials. It can be used for Low-E glasses, thin film solar cells, displays, etc. FTO film can be fabricated by various techniques. The technique of sol-gel combined with ultrasonic spray pyrolysis gives the possibility to produce high-quality large-scale FTO films. In this paper, the FTO sol is successfully prepared using pentahydrate stannic chloride (SnCl4•5H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF) and methanol. Using the FTO sol, FTO films are prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used to characterize the FTO films coated on glass substrates. Results indicate that the as-deposited films are polycrystalline SnO2 phase with tetragonal crystal structure, and that the average grain size for the samples is 160nm. The optical and electrical properties of the FTO film are also analyzed.