Academic literature on the topic 'Functions of verses of injunctions'

Abstract The problem of divinely prescribed evil arises only if we have a moral interpretation of Scriptural injunctions, and can be resolved once we reject that interpretation in favor of a legal interpretation of Scriptural injunctions. Ibn Tufayl’s philosophical tale Hayy ibn Haqzān can help us understand the social function of religious laws and why it is rational to legislate nonoptimal moral rules under nonideal conditions. An argument for Legal Interpretation is offered in light of Ibn Tufayl’s idea and the planning conception of law. This argument reveals that there is a grain of truth in the contextualization view. The chapter also discusses the moral functions of Scripture in our modern world.

This chapter investigates the structure and expressive content of rock songs without choruses. Those that contain verses and bridges follow AABA form, and those that contain only verses follow strophic form. The chapter looks at the types of verses found in these forms (overwhelmingly sectional verses, especially following an srdc layout), as well as methods of creating large-scale coherence without a focal chorus section. Finally, the chapter looks at issues in AABA form, including B A fusion, where a single section functions as contrasting bridge and recapitulatory A, and chorus-like B sections, where the functional bridge suggests some elements of chorus function.

Abstract This chapter presents George Washington’s Second Inaugural Address on March 4, 1793. Addressing his “fellow citizens,” Washington acknowledges that he is “again called upon by the voice of my country to execute the functions of its Chief Magistrate.” He expresses his appreciation for “this distinguished honor, and of the confidence which has been reposed in me by the people of united America.” Washington then mentions that “previous to the execution of any official act of the President the Constitution requires an oath of office.” Finally, he pledges “that if it shall be found during my administration of the Government I have in any instance violated willingly or knowingly the injunctions thereof, I may (besides incurring constitutional punishment) be subject to the upbraidings of all who are now witnesses of the present solemn ceremony.”

This chapter examines the significance of birds in Christopher Smart’s long religious poem, Jubilate Agno. Situating the many references to birds within the overall plan and layout of the poem’s complex pairing of “For” and “Let” verses, the chapter shows how Smart endows his birds with rhetorical agency. Examining the range of para-linguistic functions attributed to birdsong, the chapter links their effects to contemporary debates about elocutionary performance, notably in the work of Thomas Sheridan. Although Smart’s example of the “Mocking-bird” suggests the poem as a whole might be orchestrating a general mocking bird technology of imitation, the chapter argues that the poem demonstrates a different kind of technology, a technology of elocution, or rhetorical performance. The rhetorical agency of birds links this emphasis on elocution to the voice of all creatures.

The ancient Indian gāthā – a proverbial, succinct type of single-stanza poetry, often collected in thematic sets – became a favoured form of expression among groups of ascetics from the middle to the end of the 1st millennium BCE. This poetry – contrasting with the magico-ritual chant or mantra of the priest and the artistic poem of the aesthete – functions as (self-)instruction for the ascetic/renouncer. Examples include gāthās that exhort him to be as untiring as the Sun in its daily course, or to “wander alone like the rhinoceros!” This chapter delineates the figure of the solitary, wandering renouncer in a selection of Brahmanic, Jaina, and Buddhist ascetic gāthā-verses from that period. Particular attention is given to the use of solar and heroic imagery for describing the ideal renouncer, and how this relates to the real-life conditions of wandering renouncers.

Inscriptions appear on the walls throughout the Alhambra, including verses from the Qurʾān, formulaic phrases and poetry, yet there has been little effort to understand the epigraphy in relation to the architecture and the decorative programs. This chapter argues on both historical and theoretical grounds that the epigraphy in the Alhambra, and above all, the poetic inscriptions, served a vital role as a guide to the aesthetic experience of the Nasrid beholder. Discussion begins with an overview of the functions of the various epigraphic modes, especially the use of poetic inscriptions in the history of Islamic architecture and luxury objects within a comparative Mediterranean context. The analysis then draws on contemporary literary theory to explain one of the characteristic poetic tropes in the Alhambra, namely prosopopeia, the figure that creates the fiction that an otherwise inanimate object, such as a building, is speaking in the first person. The discussion focuses on the Sala de la Barca, in which the prosopopeia in the poetic inscriptions allows the architecture to address the beholders directly, arresting their movement in this threshold space, and leading them— in the terms of the optical theory examined in chapter one—from perception to cognition.

Abstract The objective of bit selection is to drill a round, ledge free hole, without patterns, with minimum vibration, minimum dog leg severity, that reaches all directional and geologic targets. And to do this in one run per section where rate of penetration (ROP) is unconstrained by the bit, and it remains vibration free in control drilling situations. The objective of this paper is to share these guidelines, accumulated from forensics investigations and sometimes costly lessons learned over the past decade. Bit selection can be based on; offset runs, forensics analysis, and first principles. Offsets capture past learnings. Forensics analysis is applied to past and current wells, and it is the foundation for continuous improvement. First principles, based on independent thinking, are required to challenge the status quo. These guidelines are the distillation of forensics observations, offset analysis, and physics modeling. It is important to note that these are guidelines, not rigid standards. They are presented in their current state, to be challenged, tested, and revised as new ideas and technology are developed. They are not a substitute for thinking. The guidelines start with a description of the formation properties, drilling environment, and other requirements such as directional objectives, drill out considerations, and required life. They cover how to suppress bit whirl, stick slip, and borehole patterns; improve structural integrity, allow for predictable build rates, reduce gauge trimmer damage, and design for appropriate aggressiveness, ribbon flow, bit stability and life. These functions and dysfunctions are paired with design features such as depth of cut elements; gauge pad length and relief; cutter materials, size, and geometry; back rake; blade count and standoff; hydraulic design; and blade strength. The guidelines document specific and general lessons learned and why each rule was established. They help drilling engineers and service companies determine which design features are most important for a given application. Applying them across teams and applications highlights design elements that may be of concern and has helped avoid repeat failures. The first failure is for learning, the second failure is a failure to learn. Design features have been matched up with associated critical performance limiters. This transparency in thinking allows the assumptions to be questioned, provides knowledge of which rules apply in each application, and provides background to evaluate when new technology may help. Some of the hard problems that remain are; consistent forensics analysis, chip flow modeling, cutter stress verses rock strength and penetration per revolution, understanding and suppressing high frequency torsional oscillation, and improvement and expansion of in-bit instrumentation.