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Journal articles on the topic 'Gadolinium (Gd)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Gullette, Christian. "Gadolinium (Gd)." Pleiades: Literature in Context 40, no. 1 (2020): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plc.2020.0028.

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2

Diana, Rakhmawaty Eddy, Anni Anggraeni Intaliallita, Hardianto Ari, Rahayu Iman, and H. Bahti Husein. "Preliminary Study of Citric Gadolinium Encapsulated by Silica-Nanoparticles for Cancer Contrast Agent." Chemistry Research Journal 5, no. 4 (2020): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12595674.

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<strong>Abstract </strong>Gadolinium is a rare earth element (REE) which is widely used in contrast agent, as coordination compounds, since it enhances the quality of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). However, its coordination compound, Gd-DTPA, is able to cross blood brain barrier and potentially releasing toxic free gadolinium ions. Gadolinium citrate encapsulated by silica nanoparticles (Gd-citrate@SiO<sub>2</sub>-NPs) can be an alternative to Gd-DTPA. Therefore, this study was aimed to synthesize Gd-citrate@SiO<sub>2</sub>-NPs and determine the encapsulation efficiency of gadolinium citrat

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3

Ahlawat, Rachna. "Preparation and effect of thermal treatment on Gd2O3:SiO2 nanocomposite." Modern Physics Letters B 29, no. 11 (2015): 1550046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984915500463.

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Rare earth oxides have been extensively investigated due to their fascinating properties such as enhanced luminescence efficiency, lower lasing threshold, high-performance luminescent devices, drug-carrying vehicle, contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), up-conversion materials, catalysts and time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) labels for biological detection etc. Nanocomposites of silica gadolinium oxide have been successfully synthesized by sol–gel process using hydrochloric acid as a catalyst. Gd ( NO 3)3⋅6 H 2 O and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) were used as precursors to obtai

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4

Bohnuud, Aorigele, Gerile Naren, Zi Hao Qiu, Rui Meng, and Ojiyed Tegus. "Synthesis, Structure, and Light Absorption of Octanoyl Amino Acids." Defect and Diffusion Forum 435 (September 19, 2024): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-vrhz9h.

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Amino acid lanthanide complexes are a promising class of environmentally friendly and non-toxic optical organic materials that find extensive applications in biomedicine, molecular probes, and optical devices. In this study, three amino acid lanthanide complexes, octanoyl glycine gadolinium (Gd(oct-ala)3×H2O), octanoyl serine gadolinium (Gd(oct-ser)3×H2O), and octanoyl phenylalanine gadolinium (Gd(oct-phe)3×H2O), were synthesized by reacting octanoyl amino acid ligands with gadolinium chloride. The coordination structure of the gadolinium complexes was determined by elemental analysis and infr

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5

Okamoto, H. "Gd-Li (Gadolinium-Lithium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria & Diffusion 26, no. 1 (2005): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/15477030522626.

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6

Okamoto, H. "Gd-Zr (Gadolinium-Zirconium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria & Diffusion 26, no. 1 (2005): 100–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/15477030522635.

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7

Okamoto, H. "Gd-Li (Gadolinium-Lithium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 26, no. 1 (2005): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-005-0074-8.

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8

Okamoto, H. "Gd-Zr (Gadolinium-Zirconium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 26, no. 1 (2005): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-005-0075-7.

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9

Okamoto, H. "Gd-Y (Gadolinium-Yttrium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 29, no. 1 (2007): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-007-9230-7.

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10

Okamoto, H. "Au-Gd (Gold-Gadolinium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 29, no. 3 (2008): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-008-9300-5.

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11

Okamoto, H. "Gd-Si (Gadolinium-Silicon)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 30, no. 2 (2009): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-009-9477-2.

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12

Okamoto, H. "Ag-Gd (Silver-Gadolinium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 33, no. 1 (2011): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-011-9968-9.

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13

Okamoto, H. "Gd-Sm (Gadolinium-Samarium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 33, no. 5 (2012): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-012-0079-z.

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14

Okamoto, H. "Gd-Ti (Gadolinium-Titanium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 33, no. 5 (2012): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-012-0080-6.

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15

Okamoto, H. "Cu-Gd (Copper-Gadolinium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 34, no. 1 (2012): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-012-0125-x.

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16

Okamoto, H. "Gd-Ge (Gadolinium-Germanium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 33, no. 2 (2012): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-012-9996-0.

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17

Okamoto, H. "Fe-Gd (Iron-Gadolinium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria 18, no. 1 (1997): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02646770.

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18

Okamoto, H. "Co-Gd (Cobalt-Gadolinium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria 18, no. 3 (1997): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02647864.

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19

Okamoto, H. "Gd-Zn (Gadolinium-Zinc)." Journal of Phase Equilibria 23, no. 6 (2002): 551–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/105497102770331316.

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20

Okamoto, H. "Gd-Mn (Gadolinium-Manganese)." Journal of Phase Equilibria 23, no. 5 (2002): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/105497102770331514.

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21

Okamoto, H. "Al-Gd (aluminum-gadolinium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria 23, no. 4 (2002): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/105497102770331631.

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22

Okamoto, H. "Gd-Pd (gadolinium-palladium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria 23, no. 3 (2002): 283–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/105497102770331866.

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23

Okamoto, H. "Gd-Mg (Gadolinium-Magnesium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria 14, no. 4 (1993): 534–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02671981.

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24

Okamoto, H. "Fe-Gd (iron-gadolinium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria 17, no. 6 (1996): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02666006.

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25

Okamoto, H. "Co-Gd (Cobalt-Gadolinium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria 13, no. 6 (1992): 673–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02667224.

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26

Ikeda, Motoyasu. "Status of Super-Kamiokande Gadolinium project." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2156, no. 1 (2021): 012150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2156/1/012150.

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Abstract Super-Kamiokande (SK) is the world’s largest underground water Cherenkov detector. The latest phase of operations began in July 2020 when, in order to improve neutron detection efficiency, about 13 tons of gadolinium (Gd) sulfate octahydrate was dissolved into SK’s pure water. Gd has a large thermal neutron capture cross section and emits visible gamma rays. This first loading marked the start of what is now called SK-Gd, and stable physics data taking has been ongoing since then. This presentation will focus on details of the first Gd loading and the detector status including detecto

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27

Rakhmawaty Eddy, Diana, Anni Anggraeni, Retna Putri Fauzia, et al. "Gadolinium-Mesoporous Silica as a Potential Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 5 (2018): 2603–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340550.

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Gadolinium-mesoporous silica (Gd-MS) has been used widely as an alternative for synthesizing gadolinium-based Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agents. In this study, Gd-MS was prepared by using the sol-gel method. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) results gave an average pore size value of 38.184 nm, while the surface value of gadolinium mesoporous silica which is high at 580,666 nm. We describe the synthesis, characterization, and stability test of a novel type of magnetic nanoparticles based on Gd-Si oxide. The particles are nanosized and can enter cell easily. This is a comple

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28

MULHOLLAN, GREGORY A. "SURFACE MAGNETISM OF GADOLINIUM." Modern Physics Letters B 07, no. 10 (1993): 655–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984993000631.

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The surface magnetism of Gd exhibits a variety of unusual phenomena. This is not to say the book has been closed on the bulk properties. Indeed, characterization of the single crystal critical behavior is an ongoing field. In this light, it is not surprising that studies of the surface magnetic properties of Gd have lagged those of the transition metal magnets. The delay has primarily been due to the difficulty in obtaining a sufficiently pure sample. We report on the methods available for creating an atomically clean surface, the newly measured surface structure, the hows and whys of the surf

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29

SIMON, S. "STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATION OF GADOLINIUM DOPED YTTRIUM-ALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES AND VITROCERAMICS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 12 (2008): 1933–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920803923x.

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Structural changes induced by heat treatment of yttrium-aluminosilicate glasses doped with gadolinium were studied by thermal differential analysis, X-ray diffraction and Gd 3+ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). A small amount of yttrium was replaced by gadolinium in the host glass because yttrium and gadolinium cations are quite similar, and gadolinium can be used as a structural sensor by electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. EPR results evidence small changes in the surroundings of Gd 3+ ions in the heat treated samples, as compared with the as prepared ones.

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30

Santhy, Wyantuti, Ishmayana Safri, I. Permatasari Fanny, Wahyuni Hartati Yeni, and Lutfi Firdaus M. "Differential pulse voltammetry study of gadolinium-DTPA complex." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 26, no. 10 (2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2610rjce01007.

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The rare earth element (REE) is a group of elements with extensive use. One of the most used REEs is gadolinium (Gd) that is widely used as contrast agent. Gd complexes commonly used as contrasting compounds are Gd-DTPA. Gd-DTPA has been widely used in the health sector to diagnose various diseases because it is safe for the body and only gives mild side effects such as headaches, nausea and burning in the injection area. Gd-DTPA determination generally uses sophisticated but expensive methods such as Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) and Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry (RIMS). Therefore

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31

Al-Muhimeed, Tehani I., Abdullah A. Al-Kahtani, Refaat M. Mahfouz, Mujeeb Khan та M. Rafiq H. Siddiqui. "A Study and Comparison of the Preparation of Gadolinium Aluminate Nanoparticles Using γ-Irradiated and Unirradiated Precursors". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (13 грудня 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9128696.

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The effects of γ-irradiation and the application of different precursors on the formation of gadolinium aluminate (GdAlO3) nanoparticles (NPs) have been studied in detail. GdAlO3 NPs were prepared by using different gadolinium-based precursors including gadolinium acetate (Gd(CH3COO)3·4H2O) and gadolinium nitrate (Gd(NO3)3·6H2O), while Al2O3 and Al(NO3)3·9H2O were used as the source of Al3+. The preparation of GdAlO3 was carried out by two different methods, solid-state reaction and sol-gel process. To study the effect of γ-irradiation, both irradiated and unirradiated Gd(CH3COO)3·4H2O have be

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32

WYSMOLEK, A., M. KAMIŃSKA, A. TWARDOWSKI, M. POTEMSKI, M. BOĆKOWSKI, and I. GRZEGORY. "MAGNETO-LUMINESCENCE OF GADOLINIUM DOPED GALLIUM NITRIDE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 12n13 (2009): 2994–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209062694.

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The results of luminescence measurements in magnetic fields up to 23T of strain free GaN bulk crystals doped with gadolinium are presented. The magnetic field splitting pattern observed for the Gd -related transitions in the "red" spectral range is consistent with its identification as due to intracenter transitions between Gd 3+ ion levels. The Gd -related emission structures observed close to the GaN bandgap show magnetic field behavior which could be understood in terms bound exciton or donor-acceptor pair recombination involving Gd ions. Disappointingly, no giant Zeeman splitting, which ot

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33

Septiani, A., A. Anggraeni, A. Hardianto, D. R. Eddy, and H. H. Bahti. "Microencapsulation of Gadolinium Citrate using Silica for Contrast Agent Development." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 3 (2021): 632–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23076.

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Gadolinium is a potential T1 contrast agent because it provides a better image for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, as toxic gadolinium ions can be released from the coordination compounds, it is often encapsulated using silica. Silica-encapsulated gadolinium citrate is a colloid, therefore, encapsulation efficiency should be determined by the standard addition method, not the external standard, to minimize errors in the matrix. Silica-encapsulated gadolinium citrate (Gd-C6H5O7@SiO2) was prepared via the Stöber sol-gel method by mixing gadolinium citrate, ethanol, aqua proinjection,

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34

Liu, Guozhen, Nicholas M. K. Tse, Matthew R. Hill, Danielle F. Kennedy, and Calum J. Drummond. "Disordered Mesoporous Gadolinosilicate Nanoparticles Prepared Using Gadolinium Based Ionic Liquid Emulsions: Potential as Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents." Australian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 5 (2011): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch11064.

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Gadolinium doped mesoporous silica (gadolinosilicate) nanoparticles were synthesized using a novel approach aimed at incorporating Gd ions into a porous silica network. The ionic liquid, gadolinium (Z)-octadec-9-enoate (Gd Oleate) was utilized in a dual role, as a soft template to generate porous silica and also to act as a gadolinium source for incorporation into the silicate. The generated silicate materials were characterized for size, structure and composition, confirming that gadolinium was successfully doped into the silicate network in a mesoporous nanoparticulate form. Proton relaxivit

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35

Sozarukova, Madina M., Taisiya O. Kozlova, Tatiana S. Beshkareva, et al. "Gadolinium Doping Modulates the Enzyme-like Activity and Radical-Scavenging Properties of CeO2 Nanoparticles." Nanomaterials 14, no. 9 (2024): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14090769.

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Their unique physicochemical properties and multi-enzymatic activity make CeO2 nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) the most promising active component of the next generation of theranostic drugs. When doped with gadolinium ions, CeO2 NPs constitute a new type of contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging, possessing improved biocatalytic properties and a high level of biocompatibility. The present study is focused on an in-depth analysis of the enzyme-like properties of gadolinium-doped CeO2 NPs (CeO2:Gd NPs) and their antioxidant activity against superoxide anion radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and alky

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36

Yano, T., T. Kodama, Y. Suzuki, and K. Watanabe. "Gadolinium-enhanced 3D time-of-flight Mr angiography." Acta Radiologica 38, no. 1 (1997): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841859709171241.

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Purpose: To evaluate the influences of Gd-DTPA on 3D time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography (MRA). Material and Methods: In an experimental study using a flow phantom, contrast 3D TOF MRA was performed at varying Gd-DTPA concentrations, flow rates, TRs and flip angles. In a clinical study, cranial 3D TOF MR angiograms using Gd-DTPA were obtained in 38 patients to evaluate the efficacy of Gd-DTPA in enhancing the diagnosis of intracranial vascular lesions. Visualization of the venous system and distal arterial branches on contrast MRA was compared with those of noncontrast MRA. Results: In the exp

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37

Rajendran, Reshmi, John A. Ronald, Tao Ye, et al. "Nuclear Microscopy: A Novel Technique for Quantitative Imaging of Gadolinium Distribution within Tissue Sections." Microscopy and Microanalysis 15, no. 4 (2009): 338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927609090813.

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AbstractAll clinically-approved and many novel gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents used to enhance signal intensity in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are optically silent. To verify MRI results, a “gold standard” that can map and quantify Gd down to the parts per million (ppm) levels is required. Nuclear microscopy is a relatively new technique that has this capability and is composed of a combination of three ion beam techniques: scanning transmission ion microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and particle induced X-ray emission used in conjunction with a high energy proton m

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38

Wagner, Manuela, Robert Ruloff, Eberhard Hoyer, and Wilfried Gründer. "New Gadolinium Complexes as Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Contrast Agents." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 52, no. 7-8 (1997): 508–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1997-7-814.

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Abstract We have investigated the physicochemical and paramagnetic properties of the new gadolinium complexes of N-(pyrid-2-yl-methyl)-ethylenediam ine-N,N',N'-triacetic acid (Gd-PED TA) and N -tris(2-aminoethyl)amine-N',N',N",N",N''',N'''-hexaacetic acid (Gd-TTAHA). The relaxivities as well as the thermodynamic and conditional stability constants of these complexes with respect to the physiological relevance were determined and discussed in comparison with the commercially available gadolinium(III) diethylenetriaminpentaacetic acid/ gadopentate dimeglumine (G d-DTPA, Magnevist®). In case of

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39

Grosjean, Nicolas, Marie Le Jean, Jordan Ory, and Damien Blaudez. "Yeast Deletomics to Uncover Gadolinium Toxicity Targets and Resistance Mechanisms." Microorganisms 11, no. 8 (2023): 2113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11082113.

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Among the rare earth elements (REEs), a crucial group of metals for high-technologies. Gadolinium (Gd) is the only REE intentionally injected to human patients. The use of Gd-based contrasting agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the primary route for Gd direct exposure and accumulation in humans. Consequently, aquatic environments are increasingly exposed to Gd due to its excretion through the urinary tract of patients following an MRI examination. The increasing number of reports mentioning Gd toxicity, notably originating from medical applications of Gd, necessitates an improved r

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40

Vnukov, Ruslan A., Valery V. Kolesov, Irina A. Zhavoronkova, Yaroslav A. Kotov, and Md Masum Rana Pramanik. "Effect of the burnable absorber arrangement on the VVER-1200 fuel assembly neutronic performance." Nuclear Energy and Technology 7, no. (3) (2021): 215–21. https://doi.org/10.3897/nucet.7.73490.

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Optimizing the use of fuel in a power reactor is a task of current concern. However, little attention has been given to investigating the dependences among the enrichment used, the content of gadolinium oxide in fuel elements, and the life time in combination with assessing the efficiency of using Gd fuel elements with different Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> contents. The paper considers fuel assembly (FA) versions for VVER-1200 reactors having different enrichments for fuel elements, including those with Gd, and different contents of gadolinium oxide in fuel. A comparative analysis is presented

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Shao, Y. Z., C. H. Shek, and J. K. L. Lai. "Preparation and size evaluation of nanometer gadolinium powder." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 10 (1998): 2969–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0406.

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Nanometer-size gadolinium powders (nm-Gd) have been prepared by means of evaporation condensation of Gd atoms within inert gas atmosphere. Microscopic analyses, based on measurements of small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering spectrum (RSS), and observation with transmission electron microscope (TEM), have been carried out in order to evaluate the size and size distribution of the as-prepared nm-Gd powder. It turns out that the size distribution function of nm-Gd powder agrees very well with the distribution function of Rayleigh instead of logarithmic dis

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42

Zhang, Kunchi, Yi Cao, Ye Kuang, et al. "Gd2O3 and GH combined with red blood cells to improve the sensitivity of contrast agents for cancer targeting MR imaging." Biomaterials Science 5, no. 1 (2017): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6bm00627b.

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43

Hummel, Hans-Ulrich, Petra Joeg, Gerhard Pezzei, and Alexander Wolski. "Die Kristallstruktur von Gadolinium-(III)-hydrogensulfat Gd(H SO4)3 / Crystal Structure of Gadolinium-(III)-hydrogensulfate Gd(HSO4)3." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 49, no. 3 (1994): 347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1994-0310.

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Abstract Gd(HSO4)3 is obtained on treatment of Gd2(SO4)3 in conc. H2SO4 in closed vessels at 200 °C. The extremely moisture-sensitive crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group Pbca. Lattice constants are a = 12.080(8), b = 9.574(8), c = 16.513(8)Å and Z = 8. Gadolinium is coordinated by eight oxygen atoms of the hydrogensulfate ligands forming a distorted square antiprism. There are three different HSO4- anions within the structure. One of them is coordinated with two Gd atom s while two HSO4- anions bridge three Gd atoms. The Gd-O bond lengths vary in the range of 2.334(6)-2.423(5)Å .

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44

Ritchie, David J., Charles Q. Li, Reid Hoshide, and Daniel Vinocur. "Intraparenchymal extravasation of gadolinium mimicking an enhancing brain tumor." Neuroradiology Journal 32, no. 4 (2019): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1971400919853789.

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Gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging plays an essential role in the detection, characterization, and staging of intracranial neoplasms and vascular abnormalities. Although Gd is helpful in a majority of situations, it can lead to diagnostic misinterpretation in the setting of active vascular extravasation. Scarce reports of intracranial extravasation of Gd are present in the literature. Here, we report the first case of surgically proven spontaneous intraparenchymal extravasation of Gd mimicking an enhancing intra-axial neoplasm in a pediatric patient. Early and accurate recogni

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45

Fatima, Atiya, Md Wasi Ahmad, Abdullah Khamis Ali Al Saidi, Arup Choudhury, Yongmin Chang, and Gang Ho Lee. "Recent Advances in Gadolinium Based Contrast Agents for Bioimaging Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (2021): 2449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092449.

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Gadolinium (Gd) based contrast agents (CAs) (Gd-CAs) represent one of the most advanced developments in the application of Gd for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Current challenges with existing CAs generated an urgent requirement to develop multimodal CAs with good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and prolonged circulation time. This review discussed the Gd-CAs used in bioimaging applications, addressing their advantages and limitations. Future research is required to establish the safety, efficacy and theragnostic capabilities of Gd-CAs. Nevertheless, these Gd-CAs offer extraordinary potent

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46

Liu, Qi Feng. "Preparation and Properties of Gadolinium Homoleptic Double-and Triple-Decker Complexes Containing Tetrabenzoporphyrin Ligand." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 1816–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.1816.

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Two novel gadolinium sandwich-type complexes containing tetrabenzoporphyrin (TBP) ligands-Gd (TBP)2and Gd (TBP)3were prepared from porphyrin 1 and Gd (acac)3. nH2O under Ar by boiling 1, 2, 4-Tcb for 15~17h and 45~48 h respectively. Their structures are characterized by Uv-Vis, HR-MS and IR. The spectroscopic studies show that their longest-wavelength visible and near-IR absorption bands are obviously red-shifted due to the extension of the π conjugated systems in the TBP ring. The magnetic studies indicate that the observed value of χMT for Gd (TBP)2is close to the combined value of Gd (III)

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Likhanskii, V., A. Sorokin, V. Zborovskii, K. Ulibyshev, A. Strozhuk, and I. Chernov. "SIMULATION OF THE THERMOMECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF (U, Gd)O2 FUEL ELEMENTS IN THE RTOP-CA CODE." PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. SERIES: NUCLEAR AND REACTOR CONSTANTS 2021, no. 4 (2021): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.55176/2414-1038-2021-4-35-46.

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The paper presents a description of the RTOP-CA code models designed for simulating the behavior of (U, Gd)O2 fuel rods, presents the examples of program verification using experimental data obtained at the research reactor in Halden and in the post-irradiation examinations of WWER fuel. The experience of operating WWER fuel has shown that differences in the thermomechanical behavior of (U, Gd)O2 fuel elements and UO2 fuel rods during the first - second fuel cycles can be observed. In particular, an accelerated increase in the length of the (U, Gd)O2 fuel rod cladding as compared to UO2 fuel e

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Gazzi, Thais P., Luiz A. Basso, Diógenes S. Santos, and Pablo Machado. "A greener approach toward gadolinium-based contrast agents." RSC Adv. 4, no. 19 (2014): 9880–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra00272e.

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Kim, Intae, Suk Hyun Kim, and Guebuem Kim. "Anthropogenic gadolinium in lakes and rivers near metrocities in Korea." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 22, no. 1 (2020): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9em00304e.

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This study presents that gadolinium (Gd) is noticeably enhanced in the lake and river water near big cities where over 10 million people live, due to the medical use of Gd, such as the Gd-based contrast agents for MRI tests surrounding big cities.

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Boesen, M., K. E. Jensen, E. Qvistgaard, et al. "Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (dGEMRIC) of hip joint cartilage: better cartilage delineation after intra-articular than intravenous gadolinium injection." Acta Radiologica 47, no. 4 (2006): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850600596792.

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Purpose: To investigate and compare delayed gadolinium (Gd-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cartilage (dGEMRIC) in the hip joint using intravenous (i.v.) or ultrasound-guided intra-articular (i.a.) Gd-DTPA injection. Material and Methods: In 10 patients (50% males, mean age 58 years) with clinical and radiographic hip osteoarthritis (OA; Kellgren score II–III), MRI of the hip was performed twice on a clinical 1.5T MR scanner: On day 1, before and 90–180 min after 0.3 mmol/kg body weight i.v. Gd-DTPA and, on day 8, 90–180 min after ultrasound-guided i.a. injection of a 4 mmol/

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