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1
Pullen, Keith R. "The design and development of a small gas turbine and high speed generator." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11414.
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Ebaid, Munzer Shehadeh Yousef. "Design and construction of a small gas turbine to drive a permanent magnet high speed generator." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14046.
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Radial gas turbines engines have established prominence in the field of small turbomachinery because of their simplicity, relatively high performance and installation features. Thus they have been used in a variety of applications such as generator sets, small auxiliary power units (APu), air conditioning of aircraft cabins and hybrid electric vehicles turbines. The current research describes the design, manufacturing, construction and testing a radial type small gas turbine. The aim was to design and build the engine to drive directly a high-speed permanent magnet alternator running at 60000 rpmand developing a maximum of 60 W. This direct coupling arrangement produces a portable, light, compact, reliable and environment friendly power generator. These features make the generator set very attractive to use in many applications including emergency power generation for hospitals, in areas of natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes, in remote areas that cannot be served from the national grid, oil rigs, and in confined places of limited spaces. It is important to recognize that the design of the main components, that is, the inward flow radial UFR turbines, the centrifugal compressor and the combustion chamber involve consideration of aero-dynamics, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, stress analysis, vibration analysis, selection of bearings, selection of suitable materials and the requirements for manufacturing. These considerations are all inter-linked and a procedure has been followed to reach an optimum design. This research was divided into three phases: phase I dealt with the complete design of the inward radial turbine, the centrifugal compressor, the power transmission shaft, the selection of combustion chamber and the bearing housing including the selection of bearings. Phase 2 dealt with mechanical consideration of the rotating components that is stress, thermal and vibration analyses of the turbine rotor, the impeller and the rotating shaft, respectively. Also it dealt with the selection of a suitable fuel and oil lubrication systems and a suitable starting system. Phase 3 dealt with the manufacturing of the gas turbine components, balancing the rotating components, assembling the engine and finally commissioning and then testing the engine. The current work in this thesis has put the light on a new design methodology on determining the optimum principal dimensions of the rotor and the impeller. This method, also, has defined the optimum number of blades and the axial length of the rotor and the impeller. Mathematical models linking the performance parameters and the design variables for the turbine and the compressor have been developed to assist in carrying out parametric studies to study the influence of the design parameters on the performance and on each other. Also, a new graphical matching procedure has been developed for the gas turbine components. This technique can serve as a valuable tool to determine the operating range and the engine running line. Furthermore, it would decide whether the gas turbine engine operates in a region of satisfactory compressor and turbine efficiencies.
3
Feehally, Thomas. "Electro-mechanical interaction in gas turbine-generator systems for more-electric aircraft." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/electromechanical-interaction-in-gas-turbinegenerator-systems-for-moreelectric-aircraft(64606031-8744-4925-a8e1-3bf4ea108696).html.
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Modern 'more-electric' aircraft demand increased levels of electrical power as non-propulsive power systems are replaced with electrical equivalents. This electrical power is provided by electrical generators, driven via a mechanical transmission system, from a rotating spool in the gas turbine core. A wide range of electrical loads exist throughout the aircraft, which may be pulsating and high powered, and this electrical power demand is transferred though the generators to produce a torque load on the drivetrain. The mechanical components of the drivetrain are designed for minimum mass and so are susceptible to fatigue, therefore the electrical loading existing on modern airframes may induce fatigue in key mechanical components and excite system resonances in both mechanical and electrical domains. This electro-mechanical interaction could lead to a reduced lifespan for mechanical components and electrical network instability.This project investigates electro-mechanical interaction in the electrical power offtake from large diameter aero gas turbines. High fidelity modelling of the drivetrain, and generator, allow the prediction of system resonances for a generic gas turbine-generator system. A Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is considered and modelled. DFIGs offer opportunities due to their fast dynamics and their ability to decouple electrical and mechanical frequencies (e.g. enabling a constant frequency electrical system with a variable speed mechanical drive). A test platform is produced which is representative of a large diameter gas turbine and reproduces the electro-mechanical system behaviour. The test platform is scaled with respect to speed and power but maintains realistic sizing between component dimensions which include: a gas turbine mechanical spool emulation, transmission driveshafts and gearbox, and accessory loads such as a generator. This test platform is used to validate theoretical understanding and suggest alternative mechanical configurations, and generator control schemes, for the mitigation of electro-mechanical interaction.The novel use of a DFIG and an understanding of electro-mechanical interaction allow future aircraft designs to benefit from the increased electrification of systems by ensuring that sufficient electrical power can be provided by a robust gas turbine-generator system.
4
Kysel, Stanislav. "Energetický paroplynový zdroj na bázi spalování hutnických plynů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229801.
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The main goal of my thesis is to carry out thermic calculations for adjusted conditions of electric and heat energy consumption. The power of the generator is 330 MW. In the proposal, you can find combustion trubines type GE 9171E. Steam-gas power plant is designed to combust metallurgical gases. Effort of the thesis focuses also on giving a new informations about trends in combinated production of electric and heat energy.
5
Kysel, Stanislav. "Energetický paroplynový zdroj na bázi spalování hutnických plynů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230245.
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The main goal of my thesis is to carry out thermic calculations for adjusted conditions of electric and heat energy consumption. The power of the generator is 330 MW. In the proposal, you can find combustion trubines type GE 9171E. Steam-gas power plant is designed to combust metallurgical gases. Effort of the thesis focuses also on giving a new informations about trends in combinated production of electric and heat energy.
6
Monroe, Mark A. (Mark Alan). "A market and engineering study of a 3-kilowatt class gas turbine generator." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42200.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-149).<br>Market and engineering studies were performed for the world's only commercially available 3 kW class gas turbine generator, the IHI Aerospace Dynajet. The objectives of the market study were to determine the competitive requirements for small generators in various U.S. applications, assess the unit's current suitability for these applications, and recommend ways to modify performance or marketing practices to make it more competitive. Engineering study goals included developing an accurate cycle model and assessing the potential for performance improvement. The market study found that the current high selling price precludes competitiveness in most segments of the U.S. civil market. One potential exception may be the marine market, where price sensitivity is less of an issue and a premium is paid for quiet operation, a distinct advantage of the Dynajet. A gas turbine generator solution has more potential in the military market, where the difference from incumbent prices is smaller than in the civil market. The Dynajet is also an appealing military solution because of its high reliability and quiet operation. The market study concluded that increasing power output and efficiency while reducing purchase price would be the most effective approach to improved competitiveness. Alternatively, the current strengths could be leveraged by adapting it for use with an absorption cooler and by emphasizing its superior emission characteristics to consumers and regulators. The engineering study discovered that cycle performance is degraded by secondary nonidealities including flow leakage, heat leakage, and thermal flow distortion. Although these nonidealities are present to some degree in all gas turbines, their impacts are larger in small-scale engines.<br>(cont.) The net effect of all nonidealities is a 61 percent reduction in power and 12 point decrease in overall efficiency. Analysis concluded that the best way to enhance Dynajet competitiveness is to reduce or remove those nonidealities that are straightforward to fix while increasing power output to either 3 or 5 kW. Output of 5 kW is most promising in terms of cost and weight competitiveness; however, such an improvement may require turbomachinery redesign. A short-term increase of power output to 3 kW appears practical from an engineering standpoint.<br>by Mark A. Monroe.<br>S.M.
7
Steyn, Matthys Miechielse. "The conceptual design and development of a micro gas turbine generator / Matthys M. Steyn." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1028.
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All over the world interest in small scale stand alone power generators is growing. This
interest is motivated by lower electrical costs and/or the capability to be unaffected by
power failures and blackouts that could damage electronic networks and machinery. The
potential of small scale power supplying units is being recognized, as generating capacity
is quickly becoming too small. Furthermore, the need for off-grid power supply to
remote areas, additional power supply to reduce grid power usage during peak demand
periods when power is expensive, as well as the advantages of distributed generation,
also increases the demand for this type of power. Technology that holds great potential
for small scale power generation is the use of gas turbine machinery to drive these
generators.
Gas turbine machinery is mainly based on the Brayton cycle and variants hereof. These
variants are compared and evaluated under different parameter changes (Chapters 2 and
3) while different configurations of gas turbine systems were evaluated as well. The
selection of turbine machinery is done with the help of the software package (Flownex)
where the same potential turbine machinery is compared in Chapter 4.
A gas turbine system mostly consists out of the following components: Compressor,
Turbine, Heater 1 Combustion chamber and Heat exchangers. The compressor and
turbine configuration are discussed as part of the turbine machinery selection process in
Chapter 4. The following Chapters (5, 6 and 7) are dedicated to design of the rest of the
components. All of these components are simulated as a system both under steady state
conditions as well as under transient conditions in Chapter 7. Different operating
conditions like start-up and load-following are simulated as well in this part if the study.
The simulations are done for a small scale (60 - 80kW) micro gas turbine generator
It is recommended that now that the concept of a micro gas turbine generator was proven,
that firstly prototypes of the components like the combustor chamber and heat exchangers
are built, followed by a complete system, based on the outputs of this study.<br>Thesis (M.Ing. (Mechanical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
8
Kadáková, Nina. "Návrh paroplynového zdroje elektřiny." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417426.
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A combined cycle is one of the thermal cycles used in thermal power plants. It consists of a combination of a gas and a steam turbine, where the waste heat from the gas turbine is used for steam generation in the heat recovery steam generator. The aim of the diploma thesis was the conceptual design of a combined cycle electricity source and the balance calculation of the cycle. The calculation is based on the thermodynamic properties of the substances and the basic knowledge of the Brayton and Rankin-Clausius cycle. The result is the amount and parameters of air, flue gases, and steam/water in individual places and the technological scheme of the source, in which these parameters are listed.
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Nagle, Steven F. (Steven Francis) 1972. "Analysis, design, and fabrication of an electric induction micromotor for a micro gas-turbine generator." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8761.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February 2001.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 223-227).<br>This thesis presents the analysis, design, fabrication, and testing of the first axial-gap electric induction micromotor, and the first controlled measurement of electric micromotor torque using integrated mechanical springs. Electric induction micromotors offer several advantages over electric variable capacitance micromotors and magnetic micromotors: neither rotor position nor speed need be known to achieve good performance; perfect sinusoids can be used for actuation to eliminate switching losses without loss of motor performance. In addition, the motor is fabricated from IC-compatible materials. The tethered motor is a metrology device. To eliminate bearings and all friction forces, the rotor is attached to fixed supports by single-crystal silicon tethers that are calibrated after fabrication. The tethers are relatively compliant in the azimuthal plane, but stiff axially. This enables accurate measurement of in-plane displacements, free from losses, while preventing out-of-plane displacements that would alter the gap. Ideally, the micromotor is fabricated from two fusion-bonded wafers in a process of 189 steps using 13 masks. Process complication comes from several sources. First, the stator structure uses a damascene insulator process to provide very thick passivation. Second, the rotor charge relaxation time constant is adjusted using a moderately Boron-doped polysilicon conductor. Third, tethers are defined by a through-wafer etch to be 385 jim tall and only 8 jim wide. Finally, the stator and rotor wafer are to be fusion bonded at the wafer level, although this was not carried out for the tested motor; it was assembled by hand with epoxy. Torque is measured as high as 0.220 [mu]N-m with 90 V square-wave actuation. Torque is shown to be consistent with models and the torque curves are shown to shift with rotor conductivity as expected with reference to a magnetic induction machine. The measurements are consistent with a gap of 12 [mu]m, which is shown to be a result of the hand-assembly process. Bonding would yield a gap of 3 [mu]m, making torque of 3 [mu]N-m possible at the same voltage.<br>by Steven F. Nagle.<br>Ph.D.
10
Vytla, Veera Venkata Sunil Kumar. "CFD Modeling of Heat Recovery Steam Generator and its Components Using Fluent." UKnowledge, 2005. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/336.
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Combined Cycle power plants have recently become a serious alternative for standard coal- and oil-fired power plants because of their high thermal efficiency, environmentally friendly operation, and short time to construct. The combined cycle plant is an integration of the gas turbine and the steam turbine, combining many of the advantages of both thermodynamic cycles using a single fuel. By recovering the heat energy in the gas turbine exhaust and using it to generate steam, the combined cycle leverages the conversion of the fuel energy at a very high efficiency. The heat recovery steam generator forms the backbone of combined cycle plants, providing the link between the gas turbine and the steam turbine. The design of HRSG has historically largely been completed using thermodynamic principles related to the steam path, without much regard to the gas-side of the system. An effort has been made using resources at both UK and Vogt Power International to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the gas-side flow path of the HRSG as an integral tool in the design process. This thesis focuses on how CFD analysis can be used to assess the impact of the gas-side flow on the HRSG performance and identify design modifications to improve the performance. An effort is also made to explore the software capabilities to make the simulation an efficient and accurate.
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Bloxham, Matthew Jon. "A Global Approach to Turbomachinery Flow Control: Loss Reduction using Endwall Suction and Midspan Vortex Generator Jet Blowing." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1267472116.
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Fletcher, Nathan James. "Design and Implementation of Periodic Unsteadiness Generator for Turbine Secondary Flow Studies." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1560810428267352.
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Kartuzova, Olga Valeryevna. "A computational study for the utilization of jet pulsations in gas turbine film cooling and flow control." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1277733325.
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Dominik, Dávid. "Návrh aeroderivátu pro využití v kompresních stanicích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417593.
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This thesis is concerned with the calculation of the power turbine. This turbine should be used in the automatic drive of the compressor used for compression of natural gas in compressor stations. Flight engine aeroderivate from the Rolls-Roye company, type RB211-22B, was used as gas generator. The main aim of the thesis is to summarize of the base atributes of the combustion turbines and aeroderivates. They are used for automatic engine, application a thermodynamic calculation of the power turbine, for reaction stage and basic strength calculations.
15
Sobotka, Tomáš. "Modernizace a ekologizace teplárny." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230033.
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The target of this diploma thesis is design of cogeneration unit with following requirements: • Installation of new unit instead of the old and used up one. • Electric energy supply within Supportive service – fast starts • Greening (replacement of coal with natural gas) At the beginning I deal with the current state of old unit. In the next part there is the design of new technological unit, which consists of design of boilers, gas engines, steam turbines. Final phase of the thesis includes economical analysis focused on setting of financial return.
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Veselý, Petr. "Návrh turbíny do kombinovaného cyklu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-320116.
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The topic of thesis is condensing turbine in gas-steam cycle, which can be divided into four basic parts. A history of gas-steam cycle is described in the beginning. Second part is all about calculation of heat recovery steam generator. Penultimate section deals with calculations of steam turbine parameters and reaction blading type. Last part contains electric power and steam turbine efficiency.
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Molaoa, Molaoa. "Development of a converter for grid-tied and isolated operation of an interior permanent magnet synchronous generator, coupled to a twin-shaft gas turbine." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29412.
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South Africa’s overreliance on coal fired power generation has led to the government’s commitment to diversifying the country’s energy mix. Gas turbine generators are poised to play a larger role in South Africa’s energy mix, due to the country’s abundance in natural gas reserves. Therefore, there is a need to developed gas turbine emulation systems to investigate how this transition is to be implemented and to discover new efficient ways to generate power through gas turbines. This thesis presents the development of a twin-shaft gas turbine emulator. A DC-machine that accepts both torque and speed references is used to emulate the behaviour of the gas turbine according to a modified Rowen gas turbine model. The emulator is coupled to a 1.5kW interior permanent magnet synchronous generator (IPM). The power density of a DC-machine is significantly lower than that of a gas turbine of the same rating. Thus, the DC-machine is rated at double the rating of the IPM to overcome the high inertia it has when compared to a gas turbine of the same rating. This means that the DC-machine can produce large toques to successfully emulated the dynamic behaviour of the gas turbine. A maximum error 2.5% in the emulation of the gas turbine’s speed is reported. A two-level active converter is used to compare control strategies for an IPM. Ninety-degree torque angle (NTA) control, maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control and unity power factor (UPF) control are compared for performance. The UPF and MTPA control result in the lowest and second lowest DC-link utilisation respectively when compared to NTA control. This is due to a negative d-axis current component as opposed to a zero d-axis current component in the case of NTA control. It is also concluded that to achieve a high power factor and torque development, a negative d-axis current component is required. UPF and MTPA control perform well in both categories, with UPF control and MTPA control resulting in the highest power factor and developed torque respectively. A fourth control strategy that maximises the efficiency of the IPM is developed experimentally. The maximum efficiency (ME) control strategy minimises mechanical, core, windage and conduction losses. It also results in near unity power factor and near maximum developed torque. A nonconventional control structure that involves control of the DC-link from the generatorside converter is presented. This frees the outer-loop control of load-side converter to regulate voltage across the load when the system is supplying power to an isolated load. This control structure also allows the grid-side converter to employ reactive power compensation, without having to regulate the DC-link voltage at the same time. In doing so, large grid currents are avoided. A recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm is used to separate negative and positive sequence current components during grid voltage unbalance. A method to minimise the presence of negative sequence components in the load current is presented and implemented successfully in an experiment.
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Eccles, Neil C. "Structured grid generation for gas turbine combustion systems." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7348.
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Commercial pressures to reduce time-scales encourage innovation in the design and analysis cycle of gas turbine combustion systems. The migration of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) from the purview of the specialist into a routine analysis tool is crucial to achieve these reductions and forms the focus of this research. Two significant challenges were identified: reducing the time-scale for creating and solving a CFD prediction and reducing the level of expertise required to perform a prediction. The commercial pressure for the rapid production of CFD predictions, coupled with the desire to reduce the risk associated with adopting a new technology led, following a review of available techniques, to the identification of structured grids as the current optimum methodology. It was decided that the task of geometry definition would be entirely performed within commercial Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems. A critical success factor for this research was the adoption of solid models for the geometry representation. Solids ensure consistency, and accuracy, whilst eliminating the need for the designer to undertake difficult, and time consuming, geometry repair operations. The versatility of parametric CAD systems were investigated on the complex geometry of a combustion system and found to be useful in reducing the overhead in altering the geometry for a CFD prediction. Accurate and robust transfer between CAD and CFD systems was achieved by the use of direct translators. Restricting the geometry definition to solid models allowed a novel two stage grid generator to be developed. In stage one an initial algebraic grid is created. This reduces user interaction to a minimum, by the employment of a series of logical rules based on the solid model to fill in any missing grid boundary condition data. In stage two the quality of the grid is improved by redistributing nodes using elliptical partial differential equations. A unique approach of improving grid quality by simultaneously smoothing both internal and surface grids was implemented. The smoothing operation was responsible for quality, and therefore reduced the level of grid generation expertise required. The successful validation of this research was demonstrated using several test cases including a CFD prediction of a complete combustion system.
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Papadopoulos, Tilemachos. "Gas turbine cycles for intermediate load power generation." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2005. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10718.
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The
objective of this thesis is to determine if an advanced gas turbine cycle exists,
which can
compete with the simple and the combined cycles in the intermediate load
electricity generation market; defined as the market with annual utilisation between
3,000 to 6,000 operating hours.
Several
thermodynamic cycles in the 100MW and 200MW power output range are
investigated and compared to base reference simple and combined cycles that have
been defined
by a survey of existing models in the market.
For the
investigation of these cycles, gt-ETA (gas turbine - Economic and Technical
Analysis) has been developed; a software for the design and off-design
thermodynamic performance and the economic evaluation of gas turbine cycles.
A new method is
proposed for calculating the total capital investment of a advanced
cycle engine project. This is based on deriving empirical relations linking the
purchased equipment cost to power output and thermal efficiency, based on published
data for
simple cycle engines. Standardised values are used for the specific costs of
different
performance improvement' packages.
A
optimisation process is developed for the determination of the optimum split
between the
capital investment of a baseline' simple cycle engine and a 'performance
improvement package.
For accurate
performance calculations a cooling air model has been created based on
either the direct definition of
cooling air amounts or the required hot gas path
component metal temperatures. The model is able to select the optimum cooling
configuration considering the temperature and pressure of mixing streams.
The advanced
cycles are competitive against base reference cycles only in the power
range of l00MW. From the configurations considered, the recuperated cycle with
spray intercooling seems to be the most promising option with a wide range of
competitiveness at both design and off-design operating conditions and along the
sensitivity range of changing fuel prices.
20
PALMIERI, ALESSANDRO. "Gas Turbine Power Generators, Innovative Sliding Mode Load Controller." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1049110.
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This thesis deals with the design of an innovative load controller for heavy-duty gas turbine power generators and with its practical implementation on real industrial power plants. A robust controller based on the Sliding Mode control technique is designed, in order to improve the performance of the gas turbine system with respect to the traditional Proportional-Integral-Derivative based regulation currently employed. As a matter of fact, such regulation encounters many difficulties when the system operates in off-design conditions, which is the most frequent situation, leading to a deterioration of the gas turbine performance. This work is developed in collaboration with Ansaldo Energia S.p.A., which is one of the most important heavy-duty gas turbines manufacturing company in the world. The interaction with the industrial partner represents one of the key points of this thesis since the proposed controller could be implemented on real industrial microprocessors and it was possible to validate its performance in a Real Time Simulation environment in the Ansaldo Energia R&D laboratories. The controller validation, performed in a Hardware-In-the-Loop set-up, showed highly satisfactory results and important improvements in comparison with the traditional regulation of the GT power generator.
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Kusner, Michael Thomas. "Design of a 5 kw microturbine generator." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2006.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on June 19, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-125). Also issued in print.
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Dlouhá, Kristýna. "Návrh HRSG kotle." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401508.
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This master’s thesis deals with the design of a heat recovery steam generator. The introductory part of the thesis is dedicated to waste heat boilers, their division and their utilization in combined cycles gas turbine. In the following chapter, an analysis of the existing combined heat and power plant operation is performed. In the next part of the thesis, the conceptual layout of the new source is designed. Subsequently, the thermal calculation of the boiler is carried out as well as the design of individual heat exchanging surfaces. The sixth chapter deals with the strength calculation of the boiler and the outer piping, chambers and drum are designed here. At the end of the thesis there are described off-design states of the new combined cycle gas turbine.
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Al-Hamdan, Qusai Zuhair Mohammed. "Design criteria and performance of gas turbines in a combined power and power (CPP) plant for electrical power generation." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14041.
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The simple gas turbine engine Operates on the basic Joule-Brayton cycle and it is notorious for its poor thermal efficiency. Several modifications have been made to the simple cycle in order to increase its thermal efficiency but, within the thermal and mechanical stress constrains, the efficiency still ranges between 28 and 35%. However, higher values of energy utilisation efficiency have been claimed in recent years by using low grade heat from the engine exhaust either for district heating or for raising low pressure steam for chemical processes. Both applications are not very attractive in hot countries. The concept of using the low grade thermal energy from the gas turbine exhaust to raise steam in order to drive a steam turbine and generate additional electricity, i. e. the combined power and power or CPP plant would be more attractive in hot countries than the CHP plant. It was hypothesized that the operational parameters, hence the performance of the CPP plant, would depend on the allowable gas turbine entry temperature. Hence, the exhaust gas temperature could not be decided arbitrarily. This thesis deals with the performance of the gas turbine engine operating as a part of the combined power and power plant. In a CPP plant, the gas turbine does not only produce power but also the thermal energy that is required to operate the steam turbine plant at achievable thermal efficiency. The combined gas turbine-steam turbine cycles are thermodynamically analysed. A parametric study for different configurations of the combined gas-steam cycles has been carried out to show the influence of the main parameters on the CPP cycle performance. The parametric study was carried out using realistic values in view of the known constraints and taking into account any feasible future developments. The results of the parametric study show that the maximum CPP cycle efficiency would be at a point for which the gas turbine cycle would have neither its maximum efficiency nor its maximum specific work output. It has been shown that supplementary heating or gas turbine reheating would decrease the CPP cycle efficiency; hence, it could only be justified at low gas turbine inlet temperatures. Also it has been shown that although gas turbine intercooling would enhance the performance of the gas turbine cycle, it would have only a slight effect on the CPP cycle performance. A graphical method for studying operational compatibility, i.e. matching, between gas turbine components has been developed for a steady state or equilibrium operation. The author would like to submit that the graphical method offers a novel and easy to understand approach to the complex problem of component matching. It has been shown that matching conditions between the compressor and the turbine could be satisfied by superimposing the turbine performance characteristics on the compressor performance characteristics providing the axes of both were normalised. This technique can serve as a valuable tool to determine the operating range and the engine running line. Furthermore, it would decide whether the gas turbine engine was operating in a region of adequate compressor and turbine efficiencies. A computer program capable of simulating the steady state off-design conditions of the gas turbine engine as part of the CPP plant has been developed. The program was written in Visual Basic. Also, another program was developed to simulate the steady state off-design operation of the steam turbine power plant. A combination of both programs was used to simulate the combined power plant. Finally, it could be claimed that the computer simulation of the CPP plant makes significant contribution to the design of thermal power plants as it would help in investigating the effects of the performance characteristics of the components on the performance of complete engines at the design and off-design conditions. This investigation of the CPP plant performance can be carried out at the design and engineering stages and thus help to reduce the cost of manufacturing and testing the expensive prototype engines.
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AVELLAR, VINICIUS PIMENTA DE. "TRANSIENT MODELLING OF INDUSTRIAL GAS TURBINE FOR POWER GENERATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16332@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>As turbinas a gás são equipamentos de vital importância para o setor
industrial, fornecendo trabalho e calor para diversos setores, do transporte aos
sistemas de cogeração. A crescente necessidade de geração de energia elétrica
confiável tem incentivado o projeto de turbinas a gás industriais, inclusive no
Brasil, que operam com vários combustíveis como o diesel, gás natural, álcool e
de combustíveis de baixo poder calorífico. Para melhor monitorar e controlar estes
motores, uma análise completa da previsão de funcionamento em regime
transitório é necessária. Durante o regime transitório das turbinas a gás industriais
(heavy-duty), o sistema de controle deve manter os limites de certos parâmetros,
tais como a temperatura na entrada da turbina e a velocidade de rotação do eixo,
no seu valor nominal. Além disso, o tempo de resposta necessário para o sistema
de controle atuar deve ser o mais breve possível para garantir uma operação de
qualidade, segura e confiável. A temperatura de entrada da turbina, que é um
parâmetro muito importante no desempenho de uma turbina a gás, é limitada pela
resistência mecânica do material das pás da turbina. A velocidade de rotação do
eixo deve permanecer constante, devido à ligação ao sistema elétrico, que não
pode suportar altas flutuações de freqüência. Este trabalho tem como motivação o
incremento da capacidade de simulação de um modelo computacional existente,
incorporando, para este fim, rotinas de sistemas de controle. Como resultado, o
novo modelo é capaz de simular qualquer condição de funcionamento de turbinas
a gás industriais, em regime permanente e transitório controlado. Os resultados
obtidos pelo programa computacional se mostraram fiéis ao comportamento real
da máquina. Além disso, mostraram a flexibilidade do modelo ao lidar com
diferentes condições de operação.Um programa computacional capaz de simular o
desempenho transitório controlado de turbinas a gás é de extrema relevância para
o desenvolvimento de softwares que auxiliam os operadores destes equipamentos.
Dentre estes, estão os sistemas de monitoramento e diagnóstico dos equipamentos
em questão.<br>Gas turbine engines are a vital part of today’s industry, providing both work
and heat for several industry sectors, from transportation to cogeneration systems.
The growing need for reliable electricity has encouraged the design of stationary
gas turbines, including in Brazil, which operates on multiple fuels such as diesel,
natural gas and low calorific fuels. To better monitor and control these engines, a
complete analysis for prediction of transient operation is required. During
transient operation of heavy duty gas turbines, the control system must keep the
limits of certain parameters, such as turbine inlet temperature (TIT) and the
rotational shaft speed within their design range. Moreover, the time required for
the control system to react should be as short as possible to guarantee a safe and
reliable operation. The turbine inlet temperature, which is a very important
parameter in the performance of a gas turbine, is limited by the turbine blades
material mechanical resistance. Furthermore, the rotational speed should remain
constant due to the electric grid connection, which cannot withstand high
frequency fluctuations. This work is motivated by the need to increase the ability
of a computer model to simulate the performance of industrial gas turbines,
incorporating, for this purpose, control system routines. As a result, the new
model will be able to simulate any operating condition of industrial gas turbines,
in both steady state and transient. The results obtained by the computer program
proved to be faithful to the actual behavior of the engine. Furthermore, they
showed the flexibility of the model to deal with different operating conditions. A
computer program capable of simulating the transient performance of gas turbines
is very important for the development softwares to help operators of such
equipment. In addition, it could be used in on-line intelligent diagnostic program.
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Uyanwaththa, Asela R. "CFD modelling of gas turbine combustion processes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34686.
Full textAbstract:
Stationary gas turbines manufacturers and operators are under constant scrutiny to both reduce environmentally harmful emissions and obtain efficient combustion. Numerical simulations have become an integral part of the development and optimisation of gas turbine combustors. In this thesis work, the gas turbine combustion process is analysed in two parts, a study on air-fuel mixing and turbulent combustion. For computational fluid dynamic analysis work the open-source CFD code OpenFOAM and STAR-CCM+ are used. A fuel jet injected to cross-flowing air flow is simplified air-fuel mixing arrangement, and this problem is analysed numerically in the first part of the thesis using both Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) method and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) methods. Several turbulence models are compared against experimental data in this work, and the complex turbulent vortex structures their effect on mixing field prediction is observed. Furthermore, the numerical methods are extended to study twin jets in cross-flow interaction which is relevant in predicting air-fuel mixing with arrays of fuel injection nozzles. LES methods showed good results by resolving the complex turbulent structures, and the interaction of two jets is also visualised. In this work, all three turbulent combustion regimes non-premixed, premixed, partially premixed are modelled using different combustion models. Hydrogen blended fuels have drawn particular interest recently due to enhanced flame stabilisation, reduced CO2 emissions, and is an alternative method to store energy from renewable energy sources. Therefore, the well known Sydney swirl flame which uses CH4: H2 blended fuel mixture is modelled using the steady laminar flamelet model. This flame has been found challenging to model numerically by previous researchers, and in this work, this problem has been addressed with improved combustion modelling approach with tabulated chemistry. Recognizing that the current and future gas turbine combustors operate on a mixed combustion regime during its full operational cycle, combustion simulations of premixed/partially premixed flames are also performed in this thesis work. Dynamical artificially thickened flame model is implemented in OpenFOAM and validated using propagating and stationary premixed flames. Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM) methods are used in the modelling of turbulent stratified flames which is a relatively new field of under investigation, and both experimental and numerical analysis is required to understand the physics. The recent experiments of the Cambridge stratified burner are studied using the FGM method in this thesis work, and good agreement is obtained for mixing field and temperature field predictions.
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Kroeff, Gia. "Low frequency noise generated by industrial gas turbines." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14172.
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The silencing of the exhaust from industrial gas turbines is an important element of current designs as it can affect efficiency, space, noise and gas emissions. However, exhausts are very costly and the lower the frequency, the higher is the cost involved in trying to attenuate the noise due to the amount of material and space necessary to implement the exhaust system. In this work, the sources of noise from an exhaust system of a particular gas turbine are investigated. Improvements in understanding the unsteady behaviour of the flow in the exhaust system could potentially lead to an increase in efficiency, a reduction in noise emissions, a decrease in the cost of exhaust mufflers and improved location for the plants. This work presents the experimental approach used to identify the major sources of noise and how these results were then used to create a model that could represent the sources identified. As the frequency components generated by the flow are low, this work concentrates on understanding the mechanisms that generate the low frequency noise. Results show that the major source of noise is the jet leaving the engine exhaust and that the main acoustic source is of dipole nature.
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Xiao, Hua. "Combustion of green fuels for power generation in gas turbine." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/111951/.
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The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the fundamental combustion process of ammonia-based fuels and the application on swirl-stabilised flames in the context of engineering type gas turbine combustion. The present study begins with a fundamental validation and mechanism reduction for chemical kinetics of ammonia/methane combustion. Different-sized reduced mechanisms of the well-known Konnov’s mechanism were compared at high-pressure conditions relevant to gas turbine devices. The reduced models can benefit the future simulation work with considerably less computational cost. Then characteristics of ignition delay time, laminar flame speed and emissions were obtained over a wide range of equivalence ratios and ammonia fractions. Prediction results showed a good potential of ammonia/methane to be used in gas turbine engines with relatively low emission. In the second part of this dissertation, in order to identify reaction mechanisms that can accurately represent ammonia/hydrogen kinetics at industrial conditions, various mechanisms were tested in terms of flame speed, combustion products and ignition delay against experimental data. It was preliminarily found that the Mathieu mechanism and Tian mechanism are the best suited for ammonia/hydrogen combustion chemistry under practical industrial conditions. Based on the Mathieu mechanism, an improved chemical mechanism was developed. Verification of the established model was quite satisfying, focusing particularly on elevated conditions which are encountered during gas turbine operation. Finally, a first assessment of the suitability of a chosen 70%NH3-30%H2 (%vol) blend was performed for utilisation within a gas turbine environment. It was found that stable flames can be produced with low NOx emissions at high equivalence ratios. Also, results showed that high inlet temperature conditions representative of real gas turbine conditions can significantly improve the combustion efficiency and reduce NOx emissions. A numerical gas turbine cycle calculation was performed indicating more research are required to enable higher efficiencies using ammonia/hydrogen.
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Montero, Carrero Marina. "Decoupling heat and electricity production from micro gas turbines: numerical, experimental and economic analysis of the micro humid air turbine cycle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/271492.
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We all take for granted that if we press the switch, the lights turn on; that to charge our phone we just need to plug-in the charger and that food is always safely stored in our fridge. but what would happen in the event of a blackout? are we really conscious of how much we rely on electricity? could we survive without it, even for a few days?The current electricity network is strongly centralised, with electricity generated in large power plants and distributed through transmission networks to the final consumers. With increasing energy demand and renewable energies entering the scene, centralised systems have proven to be very stiff: lacking the flexibility to adapt to sudden demand fluctuations and being unable to deal with strong peaks, with the consequent risk of blackouts.Small, decentralised energy systems can be placed closed to the consumers, avoiding distribution losses and adding flexibility to the network. In particular, small cogeneration units can simultaneously generate heat and electricity; thus, also fulfilling our heating requirements and increasing energy efficiency. However, when there is no or little heat demand (e.g. during the summer), the heat produced by the cogeneration engines cannot be utilised and they need to be shut down. This is the reason why small-scale cogeneration cycles are rarely seen and have not been widely adopted yet.This PhD focuses on the injection of water in a specific small-scale cogeneration technology, the micro gas turbine (mGT) cycle. Thanks to water injection, the production of heat and electricity is decoupled; therefore, the operation of the units is not anymore dependant on the heating demand and they can be used any time during the year. The objective of this thesis is to analyse the numerical, experimental and economic aspects of the so-known micro Humid Air Turbine cycle. The aim is to bring mGTs closer to the market so as to contribute to a more secure, future energy network, where blackouts are avoided at all times.<br>Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Junior, Manoel Lélio Martins de Carvalho. "Resfriamento de ar de entrada em turbinas a gás no parque gerador elétrico brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-19072012-104641/.
Full textAbstract:
Nos últimos 15 anos houve um grande aumento na presença de turbinas a gás no parque gerador de eletricidade brasileiro. O Brasil tem predominantemente climas tropicais e subtropicais com temperaturas oscilando entre 20 e 35C na maior parte do ano. A máxima potência que pode ser gerada por uma turbina a gás aumenta com a redução da temperatura do ar de entrada na turbina. Decorre daí o interesse na aplicação de sistemas de resfriamento do ar de entrada de turbinas. Dentre os sistemas de resfriamento, os de aplicação mais simples são o de resfriamento por meio evaporativo rígido e o de resfriamento por ciclo de compressão com acionamento elétrico. Não há na literatura um estudo sistemático da aplicação de sistemas de resfriamento de ar de entrada de turbinas a gás para operação no Brasil. Este trabalho estuda a aplicação dos dois tipos mais simples de sistemas de resfriamento de ar de entrada em turbinas operando ou a serem instaladas no território brasileiro. Um modelo para simulação da resposta de turbinas a gás às variações nas condições climáticas do ar de entrada (temperatura, umidade e pressão atmosférica) é desenvolvido. O modelo necessita como parâmetros somente de dados publicados em catálogo pelo fabricante da turbina. A simulação é feita para 27 localidades brasileiras comparando a operação de um mesmo tipo de turbina sem resfriamento e com os dois tipos de resfriamento. O dados climáticos usados são dos tipos anos metereológicos típicos e anos teste de referência. O modelo de turbina desenvolvido simula de maneira satisfatória as curvas de uma turbina comercial do tipo heavy duty. Um aumento de energia anual gerada de até 4,2% foi observado para o sistema de resfriamento por meio evaporativo rígido. O aumento de energia no resfriamento evaporativo depende da depressão de bulbo úmido média do local de instalação da turbina. Para o resfriamento por ciclo de compressão com acionamento elétrico o aumento observado foi de até 11,2%. O aumento de energia para este tipo de sistema depende da temperatura de bulbo seco média do local.<br>In the last 15 years an ever increasing presence of gas turbines was felt in electrical power generation in Brazil. Tropical and subtropical climates dominate most of the country, with temperatures ranging from 20 to 35C during most of the year. The maximum power that can be generated by a gas turbine increases at lower inlet air temperatures. Consequently, there is great interest in applying inlet air cooling systems in gas turbines. Among the inlet air cooling systems, the evaporative cooling by rigid wet media and the compression thermal cycle with electrical power chiller systems are the ones with most straightforward implementation. There is no systematic study of the application of gas turbine inlet air cooling systems for turbines operating in Brazil. This thesis studies the application of the two methods of gas turbine inlet air cooling mentioned above in turbines operating or to be installed in Brazil. A model to simulate the response of gas turbines to changes in the inlet air (temperature, humidity and pressure) is developed. The model uses turbine catalogue data as parameters. The simulation is performed for 27 Brazilian locations, comparing the operation of a model of turbine operating with and without cooling systems, for both types of cooling systems. Typical meteorological year and test reference year data are used in the study. The turbine model developed reproduces the turbines data curves with satisfactory accuracy. An annual increase in energy generation of up to 4,2% was observed for evaporative cooling. The energy gain for evaporative cooling depends on the annual mean wet bulb depression of the local. The compression thermal cycle increases the annual energy generation by up to 11,2%. The energy increase in this type of system depends on the mean dry bulb temperature of the local.
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Tsoutsanis, Elias. "Performance adaptation of gas turbines for power generation applications." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/5614.
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One of the greatest challenges that the world is facing is that of providing everyone access to safe and clean energy supplies. Since the liberalization of the electricity market in the UK during the 1990s many combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plants have been developed as these plants are more energy efficient and friendlier to the environment. The core component in a combined cycle plant is the gas turbine. In this project the MEA’s Pulrose Power Station CCGT plant is under investigation. This plant cronsists of two aeroderivative LM2500+ gas turbines of General Electric for producing a total of 84MW power in a combined cycle configuration. Cont/d.
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McCaughey, Conor Michael. "The solidification of niobium silicides for next generation gas turbine engines." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17589/.
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Nickerson, Ian James Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Mechanical and Aerospace. "A parametric study of gas turbine cycles for electrical power generation." Ottawa, 1994.
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Lameen, Tariq M. H. "Development of a photovoltaic reverse osmosis demineralization fogging for improved gas turbine generation output." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2756.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.<br>Gas turbines have achieved widespread popularity in industrial fields. This is due to the high power, reliability, high efficiency, and its use of cheap gas as fuel. However, a major draw-back of gas turbines is due to the strong function of ambient air temperature with its output power. With every degree rise in temperature, the power output drops between 0.54 and 0.9 percent. This loss in power poses a significant problem for utilities, power suppliers, and co-generations, especially during the hot seasons when electric power demand and ambient temperatures are high. One way to overcome this drop in output power is to cool the inlet air temperature. There are many different commercially available means to provide turbine inlet cooling. This disserta-tion reviews the various technologies of inlet air cooling with a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art of inlet fogging systems. In this technique, water vapour is being used for the cooling purposes. Therefore, the water quality requirements have been considered in this thesis. The fog water is generally demin-eralized through a process of Reverse Osmosis (RO). The drawback of fogging is that it re-quires large amounts of demineralized water. The challenge confronting operators using the fogging system in remote locations is the water scarcity or poor water quality availability. However, in isolated hot areas with high levels of radiation making use of solar PV energy to supply inlet cooling system power requirements is a sustainable approach. The proposed work herein is on the development of a photovoltaic (PV) application for driv-ing the fogging system. The design considered for improved generation of Acaica power plant in Cape Town, South Africa. In addition, this work intends to provide technical infor-mation and requirements of the fogging system design to achieve additional power output gains for the selected power plant.
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BONO, ANDREA. "Criticità nelle esigenze e nelle offerte energetiche: il ruolo rilevante della progettazione e della gestione ottimizzata delle macchine a fluido e dei sistemi per la conversione di energia. Aspetti applicativi nella piccola fornitura di energia e nella propulsione navale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1046981.
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The present work deals with environmental sustainability and specific engineering solutions able to cope with such a global issue. Attention is focused on renewable energy and innovative fuels as effective strategies in contributing valuable techniques in order to face the need of mitigating environmental problems concerning climate change and global warming.
The research study is targeted on optimized design and management of fluid machinery, and extensively on optimized energy conversion systems, conceptualized in accordance with current standards and regulations, governing the reference sector. The analysis investigates small energy supply from renewables (wind power) and innovative marine propulsion (alternative fuels and unconventional propulsion systems). Regulations and technical design are constantly focused for the study.
The work proposes case solutions for energy design and management actions dealing with the theme of environmental sustainability: engineering analyses (design, technical-economical evaluation, performance results) for hybrid wind powered plants empowering SWRO (Sea Water Reverse Osmosis) desalination processes; engineering analyses (design, technical evaluation, performance results) for wind turbine rotors operating in sites characterized by a small wind resource; engineering analyses (design, technical evaluation, performance results) for marine ship propulsion empowered by LNG as an alternative sustainable fuel and by gas turbines as prime movers coupled to combined cycles as an innovative propulsion system (COGES configuration).
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Codeceira, Neto Alcides. "Assessment of novel power generation systems for the biomass industry." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3448.
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The objective of this programme of research is to produce a method for
assessing and optimising the performance of advanced gas turbine power
plants for electricity generation within the Brazilian electric sector. With the
privatisation of the Brazilian electric sector, interest has been given to the
thermal plants and studies have been carried out along with the use of other
alternative fuels rather than fossil fuels.
Biomass is a fuel of increasing interest for power generation systems
since it is clean and renewable. Essentially all biomass power plants in the
Brazilian market today operate on a steam Rankine cycle, which has a poor
efficiency. The Brazilian electricity market has paid attention on Biomass
integrated gasification gas turbine (BIG/GT) combined cycle plants where
solid biomass is gasified. A simple chemical model for representing the
gasifier in the power plant is presented and optimisation of the gasification
process has been applied.
The method for assessing the performance of power plants takes into
account not only energy, but it applies the exergy method, which uses the
second law of thermodynamics and works out the destruction of energy inside
plant components and energy losses rejected to atmosphere. A
thermoeconomic model for assessing the power plant has also been
described.
The optimisation of the assessment method of power plants using
exergy and thermoeconomics has been proposed based on genetic
algorithms. This new technique has been fairly successful at solving
optimisation problems and is easy to implement. The decision of applying
genetic algorithms is due to the complexity of the mathematical model applied
in the performance assessment of power plants.
The assessment of combined cycles like gas / steam cycle, gas / air
cycle, gas / steam / freon cycle, gas / air / freon cycle and chemically
recuperated gas turbine have been investigated. The application of the overall
assessment method helps to understand different and very expensive choices
of power plants before making final decisions.
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DiPietro, Anthony Louis. "Design and experimental evaluation of a dynamic thermal distortion generator for turbomachinery research." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09292009-020206/.
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Yu, Jin. "Sumtime-turbine : a knowledge-based system to generate English textual summaries of gas turbine time series data." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401156.
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Zhang, P. "Development of next generation high temperature materials for high performance gas turbine." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1474017/.
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Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are advanced protective coating systems used to protect metallic substrates at high-temperature application. Currently, the state-of-the-art industrial TBC material is 6-8wt% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (6-8YSZ), but it cannot be used over 1200oC for a long time due to sintering behaviour and phase transformation. The purpose of this thesis was to explore new thermal barrier materials that can be used at high temperature for a long time to replace YSZ. Micron lanthanum titanium aluminum oxide (LaTi2Al9O19, LTA) has been proven as a very promising thermal barrier material due to low thermal conductivity, and excellent phase and thermochemical stability. The main drawback of LTA is the low fracture toughness. Therefore, this thesis studied nano-structured LTA, toughened LTA, and ion doped LTA synthesized by sol- gel method, and LTA and toughened LTA coatings on steel substrate prepared by air plasma spray (APS). The experimental results indicate that compared to micron LTA, the nano-structured LTA had higher coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) and comparable thermochemical stability. LTA toughened by 10vol% tetragonal zirconia (LTA-4YSZ) was synthesized by a hybrid sol-gel method. The ceramic composite LTA- 4YSZ had lower thermal conductivity of approximately 1.054 W/(m·K) at room temperature, stable CTEs, better sintering resistance, and mechanical properties. Single phase ion doped LTA by gadolinium was obtained with a Gd3+ content of less than 10mol%, La0.9Gd0.1Ti2Al9O19 (L9G1) had higher CTEs around 11.7×10-6 oC-1 at 950oC, lower thermal conductivity circa. 1.404 W/(m·K) at room temperature, and better sintering resistance than LTA. The APS produced LTA-4YSZ coatings were prepared with optimized granulated powders, which were typical APS coatings with five types of defects: cracks, gaps, cavities, voids, and interspace.
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Scarborough, David E. "An experimental and theoretical investigation of a fuel system tuner for the suppression of combustion driven oscillations." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33838.
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Manufacturers of commercial, power-generating, gas turbine engines continue to develop combustors that produce lower emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in order to meet the environmental standards of governments around the world. Lean, premixed combustion technology is one technique used to reduce NOx emissions in many current power and energy generating systems. However, lean, premixed combustors are susceptible to thermo-acoustic oscillations, which are pressure and heat-release fluctuations that occur because of a coupling between the combustion process and the natural acoustic modes of the system. These pressure oscillations lead to premature failure of system components, resulting in very costly maintenance and downtime. Therefore, a great deal of work has gone into developing methods to prevent or eliminate these combustion instabilities.
This dissertation presents the results of a theoretical and experimental investigation of a novel Fuel System Tuner (FST) used to damp detrimental combustion oscillations in a gas turbine combustor by changing the fuel supply system impedance, which controls the amplitude and phase of the fuel flowrate. When the FST is properly tuned, the heat release oscillations resulting from the fuel-air ratio oscillations damp, rather than drive, the combustor acoustic pressure oscillations.
A feasibility study was conducted to prove the validity of the basic idea and to develop some basic guidelines for designing the FST. Acoustic models for the subcomponents of the FST were developed, and these models were experimentally verified using a two-microphone impedance tube. Models useful for designing, analyzing, and predicting the performance of the FST were developed and used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the FST. Experimental tests showed that the FST reduced the acoustic pressure amplitude of an unstable, model, gas-turbine combustor over a wide range of operating conditions and combustor configurations. Finally, combustor acoustic pressure amplitude measurements made in using the model combustor were used in conjunction with model predicted fuel system impedances to verify the developed design rules.
The FST concept and design methodology presented in this dissertation can be used to design fuel system tuners for new and existing gas turbine combustors to reduce, or eliminate altogether, thermo-acoustic oscillations.
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Onabanjo, Tosin. "Techno-economic and environmental assessment of gas turbines utilizing biofuels." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9280.
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The continued global reliance on fossil fuels with impact on resource depletion, human health, atmospheric pollution and environmental degradation has necessitated a global drive to integrate renewable fuels such as biodiesels. Biodiesels are described as “fuels composed of fatty acid methyl or ethyl esters and obtained from vegetable oils or animal fats”. Their use in energy generation could diversify the world’s energy mix, reduce fossil fuel dependence, reduce emissions and energy cost to bring about other economic benefits, especially for developing economies and rural communities with lack of adequate access to modern energy. A techno-economic and environmental life cycle assessment is however required to ensure that these fuels are fit for use in engines and meet any regulatory standard and sustainability criteria. This thesis has evaluated the use of Jatropha- and microalgae-biodiesel for power generation in two industrial gas turbines with open and combined cycle configuration. This was achieved using a techno-economic and environmental life cycle impact assessment framework. Comparative fuel assessments have been carried out between biodiesels and fossil fuels. Furthermore, the concept of microbial fuel degradation was examined in gas turbines. The thesis have identified Jatropha biodiesel as a worthwhile substitute for conventional diesel fuel, because it has close performance and emission characteristics to conventional diesel fuel with added advantage of being renewable. The consequent displacement of conventional diesel fuel with Jatropha biodiesel has significant environmental benefits. For economic viability and sustainability of gas turbine operated power plants, energy producers require a minimum monetary amount to recover the added cost of operating 100% Jatropha biodiesel. Other integration mechanisms are also available for utilizing the fuel in engines without compromising on plant’s economic performance. In worst case scenarios, where there are no government incentives, local conditions such as high life cycle cost of electricity, open opportunities for distributed and independent power generation from renewable fuels like Jatropha-biodiesel. Furthermore, this thesis has identified salient energy conversion processes that occur in gas turbine fuels, especially with biodiesels and developed a bio-mathematical model, Bio-fAEG to simulate these processes in gas turbines. This platform is a first step in quantifiable assessment and could enable a better understanding of microbial initiated processes.
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Ben, Hariz Houssein. "The optimisation of the usage of gas turbine generation sets for oil and gas production using genetic algorithms." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4479.
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The privatisations of the energy supply industries world-wide has meant that emphasis is now on how to profitably compete. In this environment the development of effective models for optimisation of power plant are of increasing importance, particularly operational strategies for off-design conditions, and particularly for gas turbine engines.
Maximisation of plant profitability necessitates proper and integrated evaluation of many factors, the most important of which are: availability and price of fuel, system efficiency and performance, life cycle costing of plant and machinery, present and future generation of revenue, likely future market dynamics.
A major contribution of this work is the application of the proposed method to simultaneously maximise both total profit and usage availability of a typical combination of gas turbines engines used for power generation in oil and gas production. The method allows the user, for example, the opportunity to select locally appropriate daily and seasonal power demands and ambient conditions.
Through a genetic algorithm optimisation technique, an additional powerful feature of the method is that it allows the user to choose an optimised operating combination of their existing gas turbine equipment. Both individual engine power setting and number of engines can be varied. Alternatively, the user can apply the code to select the best combination of new and/or replacement equipment to achieve best economic performance and highest availability.
The number of variables involved in the optimisation process is, of course, very large. It is, therefore, difficult to find the optimal configuration. To address this problem, the first phase of this study is limited to the analysis of the performance of industrial gas turbine engines. The primary aim is to identify the key parameters in the determination of off-design performance. The second aim for the first phase is to identify those tasks suitable for automation. The Gas Turbine Library (Turbomatch) developed at Cranfield University includes simulation
codes for many different industrial gas turbines and processes. The optimiser developed as part of this research has been linked with that library.
The second phase of this project is to develop an economic model for gas turbines analysing off-design performance. The model includes a life cycle cost assessment including: capital cost, maintenance and operating costs, fuel cost, emission and other taxes and disposal cost. By including total revenue it has been possible to develop a model that allows maximisation of total profit under variable operating conditions.
The third phase of the project presents an automated optimisation tool based on a listing of the Turbomatch simulation code and a genetic algorithm technique. The tool uses an evaluation of the fitness value of the objective function and takes into account the optimisation constraints. Two case studies considered where real data obtained from oil field in Libya are used to illustrate the use of the new code to maximising the profit.
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El-Suleiman, Abdussalam. "Gas turbine application to CO2 pipeline : a techno-economic and environmental risk analysis." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9240.
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Gas Turbines (GTs) are used extensively in pipelines to compress gas at suitable points. The primary objective of this study is to look at CO2 return pipelines and the close coupling of the compression system with advanced prime mover cycles. Adopting a techno-economic and environmental risk analysis (TERA) frame work, this study conducts the modelling and evaluation of CO2 compression power requirements for gas turbine driven equipment (pump and compressor). The author developed and validated subroutines to implement variable stators in an in-house GT simulation code known as Variflow in order to enhance the off-design performance simulation of the code. This modification was achieved by altering the existing compressor maps and main program algorithm of the code. Economic model based on the net present value (NPV) method, CO2 compressibility factor model based on the Peng-Robinson equation of state and pipeline hydraulic analysis model based on fundamental gas flow equation were also developed to facilitate the TERA of selected GT mechanical drives in two case scenarios. These case scenarios were specifically built around Turbomatch simulated GT design and off-design performance which ensure that the CO2 is introduced into the pipeline at the supercritical pressure as well as sustain the CO2 pressure above a minimum designated pressure during transmission along an adapted real life pipeline profile. The required compression duty for the maximum and minimum CO2 throughput as well as the operation site ambient condition, guided the selection of two GTs of 33.9 MW and 9.4 MW capacities. At the site ambient condition, the off design simulations of these GTs give an output of 25.9 MW and 7.6 MW respectively. Given the assumed economic parameters over a plant life of 25 years, the NPV for deploying the 33.9 MW GT is about £13.9M while that of the 9.4 MW GT is about £1.2M. The corresponding payback periods (PBPs) were 3 and 7 years respectively. Thus, a good return on investment is achieved within reasonable risk. The sensitivity analysis results show a NPV of about £19.1M - £24.3M and about £3.1M - £4.9M for the 33.9 MW and 9.4 MW GTs respectively over a 25 - 50% fuel cost reduction. Their PBPs were 3 - 2 years and 5 - 4 years respectively. In addition, as the CO2 throughput drops, the risk becomes higher with less return on investment. In fact, when the CO2 throughput drops to a certain level, the investment becomes highly unattractive and unable to payback itself within the assumed 25 years plant life. The hydraulic analysis results for three different pipe sizes of 24, 14 and 12¾ inch diameters show an increase in pressure drop with increase in CO2 throughput and a decrease in pressure drop with increase in pipe size for a given throughput. Owing to the effect of elevation difference, the 511 km long pipeline profile gives rise to an equivalent length of 511.52 km. Similarly, given the pipeline inlet pressure of 15 MPa and other assumed pipeline data, the 3.70 MTPY (0.27 mmscfd) maximum average CO2 throughput considered in the 12¾ inch diameter pipeline results in a delivery pressure of about 15.06 MPa. Under this condition, points of pressure spikes above the pipeline maximum operating allowable pressure (15.3 MPa) were obtained along the profile. Lowering the pipeline operating pressure to 10.5 MPa gives a delivery pressure of about 10.45 MPa within safe pressure limits. At this 10.5 MPa, over a flat pipeline profile of same length, the delivery pressure is about 10.4 MPa. Thus, given the operating conditions for the dense phase CO2 pipeline transmission and the limit of this study, it is very unlikely that a booster station will be required. So also, compressing the CO2 to 15 MPa may no longer be necessary; which eliminates the need of combining a compressor and pump for the initial pressure boost in order to save power. This is because, irrespective of the saving in energy, the increase in capital cost associated with obtaining a pump and suitable driver far outweighs the extra expense incurred in acquiring a rated GT mechanical drive to meet the compression duty.
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de, Vries Jaap. "AN INVESTIGATION OF THE AUTOIGNITION OF POWER GENERATION GAS TURBINE FUEL BLENDS USING A DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS APPROACH." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2560.
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Natural gas has grown in popularity as a fuel for power generation gas turbines. However, changes in fuel composition are a topic of concern since fuel variability can have a great impact on the reliability and performance of the burner design. In particular, autoignition of the premixed fuel and air prior to entering the main burner is a potential concern when using exotic fuel blends. To obtain much-needed data in this area, autoignition experiments for a wide range of likely fuel blends containing CH4 mixed with combinations of C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, C5H12, and H2 were performed in a high-pressure shock tube. However, testing every possible fuel blend combination and interaction was not feasible within a reasonable time and cost. Therefore, to predict the surface response over the complete mixture domain, a special experimental design was developed to significantly reduce the amount of 'trials' needed from 243 to only 41 using the Box-Behnkin factorial design methodology. Kinetics modeling was used to obtain numerical results for this matrix of fuel blends, setting the conditions at a temperature of 800 K and pressure of 17 atm. A further and successful attempt was made to reduce the 41-test matrix to a 21-test matrix. This was done using special mixture experimental techniques. The kinetics model was used to compare the smaller matrix to the expected results of the larger one. The new 21-test matrix produced a numerical correlation that agreed well with the results from the 41-test matrix, indicating that the smaller matrix would provide the same statistical information as the larger one with acceptable precision. iii After the experimental matrix was developed using the design of experiments approach, the physical experiments were performed in the shock tube. Long test times were created by "tailoring" the shock tube using a novel driver gas mixture, obtaining test times of 10 millisecond or more, which made experiments at low temperatures possible. Large discrepancies were found between the predicted results by numerical models and the actual experimental results. The main conclusion from the experiments is that the methane-based mixtures in this study enter a regime with a negative temperature coefficient when plotted in Arhennius form. This means that these mixtures are far more likely to ignite under conditions frequently encountered in a premixer, potentially creating hazardous situations. The experimental results were correlated as a function of the different species. It was found that the effect of higher-order hydrocarbon addition to methane is not as profound as seen at higher temperatures (>1100 K). However, the ignition delay time could still be reduced by a factor two or more. It is therefore evident that potential autoignition could occur within the premixer, given the conditions as stated in this study.<br>M.S.<br>Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering;<br>Engineering and Computer Science<br>Aerospace Engineering
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Kartuzova, Olga V. "A computational study for the utilization of jet pulsations in gas turbine film cooling and flow control." Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1277733325.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cleveland State University, 2010.<br>Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 6, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 154-162). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center and also available in print.
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Gibrael, Nemir, and Hamse Hassan. "HYDROGEN-FIRED GAS TURBINE FOR POWER GENERATION WITH EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION : Emission and economic evaluation of pure hydrogen compare to natural gas." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Framtidens energi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-42306.
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The member states of European Union aim to promote the reduction of harmful emissions. Emissions from combustion processes cause effects on human health and pose environmental issues, for example by increasing greenhouse effect. There are two ways to reduce emissions; one is to promote renewable energy sources and the other to utilize more effectively the available fossil fuels until a long-term solution is available. Hence, it is necessary to strive for CO2 mitigation technologies applied to fossil fuels. Low natural gas prices together with high energy efficiency have made gas turbines popular in the energy market. But, gas turbine fired with natural gas come along with emissions of CO2, NOx and CO. However, these disadvantages can be eliminated by using gas turbine with precombustion CO2 capture, separating carbon from the fuel by using fuel reforming process and feeding pure hydrogen as a fuel. Hydrogen fired gas turbines are used in two applications such as a gas turbine with pre-combustion CO2 capture and for renewable power plants where hydrogen is stored in case as a backup plan. Although the CO2 emissions are reduced in a hydrogen fired gas turbine with a pre-combustion CO2 capture, there are still several challenges such as high flame temperatures resulting in production of thermal NOx. This project suggests a method for application of hydrogen fired gas turbine, using exhaust gas recirculation to reduce flame temperature and thus reducing thermal NOx. A NOx emission model for a hydrogen-fired gas turbine was built from literature data and used to select the best operating conditions for the plant. In addition, the economic benefits of switching from natural gas to pure hydrogen are reported. For the techno-economic analysis, investment costs and operating costs were taken from the literature, and an economic model was developed. To provide sensitivity analysis for the techno-economic calculation, three cases were studied. Literature review was carried out on several journal articles and websites to gain understanding on hydrogen and natural gas fired gas turbines. Results showed that, in the current state, pure hydrogen has high delivery cost both in the US and Europe. While it’s easy to access natural gas at low cost, therefore in the current state gas turbine fired with natural gas are more profitable than hydrogen fired gas turbine. But, if targeted hydrogen prices are reached while fuel reforming process technology are developed in the coming future the hydrogen fired gas turbine will compete seriously with natural gas.
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Gomes, Eli Eber Batista. "Operational Optimisation of Gas Turbines Distributed Generation Systems in Competitive Electricity Market." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3246.
Full textAbstract:
The development of power generation technologies and the deregulation of the
power market has led to an increasing interest in distributed power generation, mainly
the simultaneous exploitation of electricity and heat from the same energy source,
known as combined heat and power (CHP) systems.
As a consequence of the high competitiveness of power markets and increasing
environmental concerns, distributed power generators have to make reasonable choices
at multiple levels of complexity. A key issue to successfully approaching these
problems is the development of decision making support tools that rely on service life
prediction, intelligent economic dispatch optimisation techniques and condition
monitoring.
This research introduces the concept and development of a decision making
support tool for a mini-pool nerve centre based on distributed gas turbine generation
units operating in a competitive market. The nerve centre framework leads naturally to a
multi-criteria optimisation problem which is solved in this research with a hybrid
genetic algorithm adapted priority list and creep life assessment. The proposed hybrid
approach can result in a significant saving to generators as it efficiently optimises mini-
pool profits and service hours between failures in an acceptable computation time and
accurately. Life cycle assessment combined with generation schedule optimisation can
enhance the maintenance strategy activities and the competitiveness of gas turbine
distributed generation plants, particularly for generators trading energy in a highly
competitive market.
Gas turbine combined heat and power distributed generators are unlikely to
succeed in competing individually with centralised generation technologies within the
present market framework, but they can be more competitive in an information
technology based mini-pool. Additionally, results show that the development of a low
carbon emission power industry can result in an outstanding opportunity for combined
heat and power mainly in power markets currently highly dependent on coal and oil
powered stations.
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Polyzakis, Apostolos L. "Technoeconomic evaluation of tri-generation plant : gas turbine performance, absorption cooling and district heating." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2006. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/1832.
Full textAbstract:
This PhD thesis is a demand led study taking into account changes in ambient conditions and power settings of a tri-generation power plant. Includes an evaluation tool for combined heat, cooling and power generation plant. The thesis is based on an overall technical-economic analysis of the tri-generation system, including: 1. Energy demand analysis and evaluation of actual tri-generation case studies. 2. Modelling of the prime mover (Gas Turbine, GT) 3. Modelling of the absorption cooling system, (LiBr/Water). 4. Economic analysis and evaluation of the entire tri-generation plant. Initially, the main effort is to carry out research concerning the energy demands of different actual cases. The research includes sourcing, collecting, classification and evaluation of the available information. The cases cover a wide range of economic life and the resulting data specifies the energy needs which the purposed tri-generation power plant needs to cover. The second part deals with the prime mover (namely the Gas Turbine, GT) modelling and simulation. The technical part of the assessment includes the Design Point (DP) and Off Design (OD) analysis of the GT. In other words, the performance analysis simulates different thermodynamic cycles (Simple, or with Heat Exchanger), and different configurations (one or two shafts). Also, the computer programming code is capable of simulating the effects of the use of different types of fuel, ambient conditions, part load conditions, degradation, or the extraction of power for district heating or for absorption cooling. The third part includes the simulation of the absorption cooling system alone and/or in co-operation with the prime mover. The simulation is based upon the premise that the original prime mover is replaceable. Finally, an evaluation methodology of tri-generation plants, is introduced taking into account, both technical facts and economic data -based on certain cases from Greek reality- helping the potential users to decide whether it is profitable to use such technology or not. The economic scene will include the basic economic facts such as initial cost, handling and operational cost (fuel prices, maintenance etc), using methodology based on Net Present Value (NPV). This thesis suggests several tri-generation technology modes. The more economic favourable than the conventional technology is the 2-shaft simple cycle mode for the cases of international airport (12MW total power demand) and the isolated island (120MW), while the 1-shaft simple cycle mode is the more economic favourable for the case of hotel (1MW). The main contribution of the thesis is that it provides an intergraded realistic tool, which simulates the future operation (technical and economic) of a trigeneration plant, capable of helping the potential investor decide if it is profitable to proceed with the investment.
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Chua, Khim Heng. "Experimental characterisation of the coolant film generated by various gas turbine combustor liner geometries." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12704.
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In modern, low emission, gas turbine combustion systems the amount of air available for cooling of the flame tube liner is limited. This has led to the development of more complex cooling systems such as cooling tiles i.e. a double skin system, as opposed to the use of more conventional cooling slots i.e. a single skin system. An isothennal experimental facility has been constructed which can incorporate 10 times full size single and double skin (cooling tile) test specimens. The specimens can be tested with or without effusion cooling and measurements have been made to characterise the flow through each cooling system along with the velocity field and cooling effectiveness distributions that subsequently develop along the length of each test section. The velocity field of the coolant film has been defined using pneumatic probes, hot-wire anemometry and PIV instrumentation, whilst gas tracing technique is used to indicate (i) the adiabatic film cooling effectiveness and (ii) mixing of the coolant film with the mainstream flow. Tests have been undertaken both with a datum low turbulence mainstream flow passing over the test section, along with various configurations in which large magnitudes and scales of turbulence were present in the mainstream flow. These high turbulence test cases simulate some of the flow conditions found within a gas turbine combustor. Results are presented relating to a variety of operating conditions for both types of cooling system. The nominal operating condition for the double skin system was at a coolant to mainstream blowing ratio of approximately 1.0. At this condition, mixing of the mainstream and coolant film was relatively small with low mainstream turbulence. However, at high mainstream turbulence levels there was rapid penetration of the mainstream flow into the coolant film. This break up of the coolant film leads to a significant reduction in the cooling effectiveness. In addition to the time-averaged characteristics, the time dependent behaviour of the .:coolantfilm was. also investigated. In particular, unsteadiness associated with large scale structures in the mainstream flow was observed within the coolant film and adjacent to the tile surface. Relative to a double skin system the single skin geometry requires a higher coolant flow rate that, along with other geometrical changes, results in typically higher coolant to mainstream velocity ratios. At low mainstream turbulence levels this difference in velocity between the coolant and mainstream promotes the generation of turbulence and mixing between the streams so leading to some reduction in cooling effectiveness. However, this higher momentum coolant fluid is more resistant to high mainstream turbulence levels and scales so that the coolant film break up is not as significant under these conditions as that observed for the double skin system. For all the configurations tested the use of effusion cooling helped restore the coolant film along the rear of the test section. For the same total coolant flow, the minimum value of cooling effectiveness observed along the test section was increased relative to the no effusion case. In addition the effectiveness of the effusion patch depends on the amount of coolant injected and the axial location of the patch. The overall experimental data suggested the importance of the initial cooling film conditions together with better understanding of the possible mechanisms that results in the rapid cooling film break-up, such as high turbulence mainstream flow and scales, and this will lead to a more effective cooling system design. This experimental data is also thought to be ideal for the validation of numerical predictions.
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Allison, Isaiah. "Techno-economic evaluation of associated gas usage for gas turbine power generation in the presence of degradation & resource decline." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9233.
Full textAbstract:
This research examined the technical and economic feasibility of harnessing flare gas emissions from oil fields. The outcome would provide the basis for a substantial re-utilization of this waste energy due to the current practice of flaring and use it alternatively as energy for powering oil fields, rural electrification and desalination. Nigeria is used as a case study. Burning fossil fuels have grave environmental impact, amidst increasing global concerns over harmful emissions. This research addresses resource decline and suggests divestment as a partial cure. The gas turbine is subject to degradation of its components as it is used. Though several methods of assessing gas turbine degradation have been developed with varying degrees of success, no one method has addressed issues pertaining to associated gas and its effects on degradation with divestment. Simulation of two single shaft, heavy duty industrial gas turbines; and three aero-derivative industrial gas turbines of the heavy medium and light capacity ranges were carried out for varying operating conditions, to ascertain the effects of degradation when run on associated gas. Thereafter, optimizations for the best power plant engine mix and the least cost of electricity were carried out. Genetic algorithm was used to assess a population of 10,000 individuals over 500 generations; convergence was achieved for different configurations of the five study engines at discount rates of 5% and 10%, over three power ranges. The divestment pattern starts with the lightest aero-derivative industrial gas turbine; the best power plant selection was limited to the two lightest aero-derivatives in the fleet, completely ignoring the heavy engines. A techno-economic, environmental and risk assessment model comprising performance, emission, economics and risk modules was successfully developed to assess gas turbine degradation with divestment. Using this tool, it was confirmed that associated gas usage resulted in degradation of gas turbine performance, an increase in gas collection as well as operation and maintenance costs. Also there was increasingly higher creep life consumption during slow, medium and fast degradation scenarios for both engine sets. The novel technical contribution of the research work therefore is the influence of degradation on the economic use of associated gas as fuel in gas turbine power generation; and the implementation of divestment in the face of fuel decline.
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Wasantakorn, Aran. "Efficient power generation by integrating a MSW incinerator with a combined cycle gas turbine plant." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369938.
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