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Journal articles on the topic 'Gastric mill rhythm'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Wood, Debra E., Melissa Varrecchia, Michael Papernov, Denise Cook, and Devon C. Crawford. "Hormonal Modulation of Two Coordinated Rhythmic Motor Patterns." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 2 (2010): 654–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00846.2009.

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Neuromodulation is well known to provide plasticity in pattern generating circuits, but few details are available concerning modulation of motor pattern coordination. We are using the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system to examine how co-expressed rhythms are modulated to regulate frequency and maintain coordination. The system produces two related motor patterns, the gastric mill rhythm that regulates protraction and retraction of the teeth and the pyloric rhythm that filters food. These rhythms have different frequencies and are controlled by distinct mechanisms, but each circuit influe

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2

Norris, B. J., M. J. Coleman, and M. P. Nusbaum. "Recruitment of a projection neuron determines gastric mill motor pattern selection in the stomatogastric nervous system of the crab, Cancer borealis." Journal of Neurophysiology 72, no. 4 (1994): 1451–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.72.4.1451.

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1. In the isolated stomatogastric nervous system of the crab Cancer borealis (Fig. 1), the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine elicits several distinct gastric mill motor patterns from neurons in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG; Fig. 2). Selection of a particular gastric mill rhythm is determined by activation of distinct projection neurons that influence gastric mill neurons within the STG. In this paper we identify one such neuron, called commissural projection neuron 2 (CPN2), whose rhythmic activity is integral in producing one form of the gastric mill rhythm. 2. There is a CPN2 soma and neur

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3

Weimann, J. M., P. Meyrand, and E. Marder. "Neurons that form multiple pattern generators: identification and multiple activity patterns of gastric/pyloric neurons in the crab stomatogastric system." Journal of Neurophysiology 65, no. 1 (1991): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1991.65.1.111.

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1. The stomatogastric ganglion (STG) of decapod crustaceans has been characterized by its production of two motor patterns, the gastric mill rhythm and the pyloric rhythm. The period of the gastric rhythm is typically 5-10 s, whereas the period of the pyloric rhythm is approximately 1 s. 2. In the STG of the crab, Cancer borealis, we find routinely that many motor neurons are active in time with both the pyloric and gastric rhythms. We rigorously identified the motor neurons according to the muscles they innervate. Some neurons usually classified as members of the pyloric network can be active

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Kirby, Matthew S., and Michael P. Nusbaum. "Peptide Hormone Modulation of a Neuronally Modulated Motor Circuit." Journal of Neurophysiology 98, no. 6 (2007): 3206–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00795.2006.

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Rhythmically active motor circuits are influenced by neuronally released and circulating hormone modulators, but there are few systems in which the influence of a peptide hormone modulator on a neuronally modulated motor circuit has been determined. We performed such an analysis in the isolated crab stomatogastric nervous system by assessing the influence of the hormone crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) on the gastric mill (chewing) rhythm elicited by identified modulatory projection neurons. The gastric mill circuit is located in the stomatogastric ganglion. In situ, this ganglion is loc

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Rehm, Kristina J., Adam L. Taylor, Stefan R. Pulver, and Eve Marder. "Spectral Analyses Reveal the Presence of Adult-Like Activity in the Embryonic Stomatogastric Motor Patterns of the Lobster, Homarus americanus." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 6 (2008): 3104–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00042.2008.

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The stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) of the embryonic lobster is rhythmically active prior to hatching, before the network is needed for feeding. In the adult lobster, two rhythms are typically observed: the slow gastric mill rhythm and the more rapid pyloric rhythm. In the embryo, rhythmic activity in both embryonic gastric mill and pyloric neurons occurs at a similar frequency, which is slightly slower than the adult pyloric frequency. However, embryonic motor patterns are highly irregular, making traditional burst quantification difficult. Consequently, we used spectral analysis to anal

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White, Rachel S., Robert M. Spencer, Michael P. Nusbaum, and Dawn M. Blitz. "State-dependent sensorimotor gating in a rhythmic motor system." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 5 (2017): 2806–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00420.2017.

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Sensory feedback influences motor circuits and/or their projection neuron inputs to adjust ongoing motor activity, but its efficacy varies. Currently, less is known about regulation of sensory feedback onto projection neurons that control downstream motor circuits than about sensory regulation of the motor circuit neurons themselves. In this study, we tested whether sensory feedback onto projection neurons is sensitive only to activation of a motor system, or also to the modulatory state underlying that activation, using the crab Cancer borealis stomatogastric nervous system. We examined how p

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Saideman, Shari R., Mingming Ma, Kimberly K. Kutz-Naber, et al. "Modulation of Rhythmic Motor Activity by Pyrokinin Peptides." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 1 (2007): 579–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00772.2006.

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Pyrokinin (PK) peptides localize to the central and peripheral nervous systems of arthropods, but their actions in the CNS have yet to be studied in any species. Here, we identify PK peptide family members in the crab Cancer borealis and characterize their actions on the gastric mill (chewing) and pyloric (filtering) motor circuits in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG). We identified PK-like immunolabeling in the STG neuropil, in projection neuron inputs to this ganglion, and in the neuroendocrine pericardial organs. By combining MALDI mass spectrometry (MS) and ESI tandem MS techniques, we ide

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Zhu, Lin, Allen I. Selverston, and Joseph Ayers. "Role of Ih in differentiating the dynamics of the gastric and pyloric neurons in the stomatogastric ganglion of the lobster, Homarus americanus." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 5 (2016): 2434–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00737.2015.

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The hyperpolarization-activated inward cationic current ( Ih) is known to regulate the rhythmicity, excitability, and synaptic transmission in heart cells and many types of neurons across a variety of species, including some pyloric and gastric mill neurons in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) in Cancer borealis and Panulirus interruptus. However, little is known about the role of Ih in regulating the gastric mill dynamics and its contribution to the dynamical bifurcation of the gastric mill and pyloric networks. We investigated the role of Ih in the rhythmic activity and cellular excitability

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Russell, D. F. "Pattern and reset analysis of the gastric mill rhythm in a spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus." Journal of Experimental Biology 114, no. 1 (1985): 71–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.114.1.71.

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The burst pattern of the gastric mill rhythm was studied by varying its cycle period in in vitro preparations comprising the stomatogastric (STG), oesophageal and (paired) commissural ganglia. Reset tests using intracellular polarization of identified STG neurones showed that the CI, LC, GP and GM cells can all strongly affect the cycle period, and therefore apparently play a role in generating the gastric rhythm. Variation in the cycle period could be obtained by: (i) cutting certain input nerves; (ii) relative coordination between the gastric and oesophageal rhythms; or (iii) intracellular p

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Turrigiano, G. G., A. Van Wormhoudt, L. Ogden, and A. I. Selverston. "Partial purification, tissue distribution and modulatory activity of a crustacean cholecystokinin-like peptide." Journal of Experimental Biology 187, no. 1 (1994): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.187.1.181.

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Reversed-phase chromatography was used to separate several forms of cholecystokinin-like peptides (CCKLP) from the pericardial organs (PCOs) of the spiny lobster Panulirus interruptus. Fast protein liquid chromatography of PCOs, stomatogastric ganglia (STGs) and eyestalks revealed five peaks of CCKLP (peaks A-E) that were common to all three tissues, as well as two additional peaks (peaks F and G) in the STG. Peaks A-E were present in the hemolymph of fed, but not starved, lobsters. The bioactivity of peaks A-E was tested on the gastric mill rhythm of the isolated STG. Only peak E elicited act

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Weimann, J. M., E. Marder, B. Evans, and R. L. Calabrese. "The effects of SDRNFLRFamide and TNRNFLRFamide on the motor patterns of the stomatogastric ganglion of the crab Cancer borealis." Journal of Experimental Biology 181, no. 1 (1993): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.181.1.1.

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TNRNFLRFamide was isolated and sequenced from the stomatogastric nervous system of the crab Cancer borealis by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography followed by automated Edman degradation. An SDRNFLRFamide-like peptide that exactly co-migrated with SDRNFLRFamide was also observed. The effects of TNRNFLRFamide and SDRNFLRFamide on the gastric and pyloric rhythms of the stomatogastric nervous system of the crab Cancer borealis were studied. Both peptides activated pyloric rhythms in quiescent preparations in a dose-dependent manner with a threshold between 10(−11) and 10(−10) mol

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DICKINSON, PATSY S., FRÉDÉRIC NAGY, and MAURICE MOULINS. "Control of Central Pattern Generators by an Identified Neurone in Crustacea: Activation of the Gastric Mill Motor Pattern by a Neurone Known to Modulate the Pyloric Network." Journal of Experimental Biology 136, no. 1 (1988): 53–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.136.1.53.

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In the red lobster (Palinurus vulgaris), an identified neurone, the anterior pyloric modulator neurone (APM), which has previously been shown to modulate the output of the pyloric central pattern generator, was shown to modulate the output of the gastric mill central pattern generator. APM activity induced a rhythm when the network was silent and increased rhythmic activity when the network was already active. Rhythmic activity was induced whether APM fired in single bursts, tonically or in repetitive bursts. A single burst in APM induced a rhythm which considerably outlasted the burst, wherea

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Bucher, Dirk, Adam L. Taylor, and Eve Marder. "Central Pattern Generating Neurons Simultaneously Express Fast and Slow Rhythmic Activities in the Stomatogastric Ganglion." Journal of Neurophysiology 95, no. 6 (2006): 3617–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00004.2006.

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Neuronal firing patterns can contain different temporal information. It has long been known that the fast pyloric and the slower gastric motor patterns in the stomatogastric ganglion of decapod crustaceans interact. However, the bidirectional influences between the pyloric rhythm and the gastric mill rhythm have not been quantified in detail from preparations that spontaneously express both patterns in vitro. We found regular and stable spontaneous gastric and pyloric activity in 71% of preparations of the isolated stomatogastric nervous system of the lobster, Homarus americanus. The gastric [

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Colton, Gabriel F., Aaron P. Cook, and Michael P. Nusbaum. "Different microcircuit responses to comparable input from one versus both copies of an identified projection neuron." Journal of Experimental Biology 223, no. 20 (2020): jeb228114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.228114.

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ABSTRACTNeuronal inputs to microcircuits are often present as multiple copies of apparently equivalent neurons. Thus far, however, little is known regarding the relative influence on microcircuit output of activating all or only some copies of such an input. We examine this issue in the crab (Cancer borealis) stomatogastric ganglion, where the gastric mill (chewing) microcircuit is activated by modulatory commissural neuron 1 (MCN1), a bilaterally paired modulatory projection neuron. Both MCN1s contain the same co-transmitters, influence the same gastric mill microcircuit neurons, can drive th

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Beenhakker, Mark P., Dawn M. Blitz, and Michael P. Nusbaum. "Long-Lasting Activation of Rhythmic Neuronal Activity by a Novel Mechanosensory System in the Crustacean Stomatogastric Nervous System." Journal of Neurophysiology 91, no. 1 (2004): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00741.2003.

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Sensory neurons enable neural circuits to generate behaviors appropriate for the current environmental situation. Here, we characterize the actions of a population (about 60) of bilaterally symmetric bipolar neurons identified within the inner wall of the cardiac gutter, a foregut structure in the crab Cancer borealis. These neurons, called the ventral cardiac neurons (VCNs), project their axons through the crab stomatogastric nervous system to influence neural circuits associated with feeding. Brief pressure application to the cardiac gutter transiently modulated the filtering motor pattern (

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Russell, D. F. "Neural basis of teeth coordination during gastric mill rhythms in spiny lobsters, Panulirus interruptus." Journal of Experimental Biology 114, no. 1 (1985): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.114.1.99.

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Motoneurones that drive the closing of the lateral teeth during gastric mill rhythms in spiny lobsters start firing before the motoneurones that drive the medial tooth powerstroke. This has the expected behavioural interpretation that the lateral teeth must close on a food particle before the medial tooth is pulled across it. The neural basis of the teeth coordination was examined. Experiments were made during gastric rhythms in in vitro preparations comprising the stomatogastric, oesophageal and (paired) commissural ganglia. Identified neurones in the stomatogastric ganglion were polarized to

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Heinzel, H. G., and A. I. Selverston. "Gastric mill activity in the lobster. III. Effects of proctolin on the isolated central pattern generator." Journal of Neurophysiology 59, no. 2 (1988): 566–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1988.59.2.566.

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1. The response of the isolated gastric central pattern generator (CPG) to bath application of proctolin is characterized and compared with the previously analyzed behavioral response. 2. Proctolin had an excitatory effect on the ongoing spontaneous rhythm of "combined" preparations, in which the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) is connected to the esophageal and commissural ganglia by the stomatogastric nerve (STN). The effect started between 20 s and 5 min and was characterized by strongly increased burst durations as well as increased spike rates in all units except the two lateral posterior g

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Elson, R. C., and A. I. Selverston. "Evidence for a persistent Na+ conductance in neurons of the gastric mill rhythm generator of spiny lobsters." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 12 (1997): 1795–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.12.1795.

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Evidence for a persistent Na+ conductance was obtained in identified motor neurons of the gastric mill network in the stomatogastric ganglion of the spiny lobster Panulirus interruptus. The cells studied were the lateral gastric and lateral posterior gastric motor neurons, which in vivo control chewing movements of the lateral teeth of the gastric mill. We examined basic cellular properties in the quiescent network of the isolated stomatogastric ganglion. In current-clamp recordings, we found two types of evidence for a persistent Na+ conductance. First, tetrodotoxin-sensitive inward rectifica

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DeLong, Nicholas D., Mark P. Beenhakker, and Michael P. Nusbaum. "Presynaptic Inhibition Selectively Weakens Peptidergic Cotransmission in a Small Motor System." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 6 (2009): 3492–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00833.2009.

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The presence and influence of neurons containing multiple neurotransmitters is well established, including the ability of coreleased transmitters to influence the same or different postsynaptic targets. Little is known, however, regarding whether presynaptic regulation of multitransmitter neurons influences all transmission from these neurons. Using the identified neurons and motor networks in the crab stomatogastric ganglion, we document the ability of presynaptic inhibition to selectively inhibit peptidergic cotransmission. Specifically, we determine that the gastropyloric receptor (GPR) pro

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Hedrich, Ulrike B. S., Carmen R. Smarandache, and Wolfgang Stein. "Differential Activation of Projection Neurons by Two Sensory Pathways Contributes to Motor Pattern Selection." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 5 (2009): 2866–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00618.2009.

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Sensorimotor integration is known to occur at the level of motor circuits as well as in upstream interneurons that regulate motor activity. Here we show, using the crab stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) as a model, that different sensory systems affect the same set of projection neurons. However, they have qualitatively different effects on their activities (excitation vs. inhibition), and these differences contribute to the selection of motor patterns from multifunctional circuits. We compare the actions of the proprioceptive anterior gastric receptor (AGR) and the inferior ventricular (IV

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Panchin, Y. V., Y. I. Arshavsky, A. Selverston, and T. A. Cleland. "Lobster stomatogastric neurons in primary culture. I. Basic characteristics." Journal of Neurophysiology 69, no. 6 (1993): 1976–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.69.6.1976.

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1. A method for the isolation of stomatogastric neurons with neuropilar processes and an axon < or = 2 mm long is described. Isolated neurons adhered to an uncoated plastic surface and demonstrated neurite outgrowth for > or = 7-10 days in a simple medium (salt-adjusted Leibovitz-15). Neurite outgrowth started immediately after plating and was maximal during the first 2-3 days. The electrical activity of neurons and their responses to bath application of pilocarpine were studied between 2 and 10 days after plating. 2. Identified neurons [pyloric dilator (PD), pyloric (PY), and lateral py

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Blitz, Dawn M., Andrew E. Christie, Aaron P. Cook, Patsy S. Dickinson, and Michael P. Nusbaum. "Similarities and differences in circuit responses to applied Gly1-SIFamide and peptidergic (Gly1-SIFamide) neuron stimulation." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 3 (2019): 950–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00567.2018.

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Microcircuit modulation by peptides is well established, but the cellular/synaptic mechanisms whereby identified neurons with identified peptide transmitters modulate microcircuits remain unknown for most systems. Here, we describe the distribution of GYRKPPFNGSIFamide (Gly1-SIFamide) immunoreactivity (Gly1-SIFamide-IR) in the stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) of the crab Cancer borealis and the Gly1-SIFamide actions on the two feeding-related circuits in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG). Gly1-SIFamide-IR localized to somata in the paired commissural ganglia (CoGs), two axons in the nerves

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Hedrich, Ulrike B. S., Florian Diehl, and Wolfgang Stein. "Gastric and pyloric motor pattern control by a modulatory projection neuron in the intact crab Cancer pagurus." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 4 (2011): 1671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01105.2010.

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Neuronal release of modulatory substances provides motor pattern generating circuits with a high degree of flexibility. In vitro studies have characterized the actions of modulatory projection neurons in great detail in the stomatogastric nervous system, a model system for neuromodulatory influences on central pattern generators. Less is known about the activities and actions of modulatory neurons in fully functional and richly modulated network settings, i.e., in intact animals. It is also unknown whether their activities contribute to the motor patterns in different behavioral conditions. He

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Blitz, D. M., R. S. White, S. R. Saideman, et al. "A newly identified extrinsic input triggers a distinct gastric mill rhythm via activation of modulatory projection neurons." Journal of Experimental Biology 211, no. 6 (2008): 1000–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.015222.

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Norris, B. J., M. J. Coleman, and M. P. Nusbaum. "Pyloric motor pattern modification by a newly identified projection neuron in the crab stomatogastric nervous system." Journal of Neurophysiology 75, no. 1 (1996): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.1.97.

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1. We have used multiple, simultaneous intra- and extracellular recordings as well as Lucifer yellow dye-fills to identify modulatory commissural neuron 5 (MCN5) and characterize its effects in the stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) of the crab, Cancer borealis. MCN5 has a soma and neuropilar arborization in the commissural ganglion (CoG; Figs. 1 and 2), and it projects through the inferior esophageal nerve (ion) and stomatogastric nerve (stn) to the stomatogastric ganglion (STG; Figs. 1-3). 2. Within the CoGs, MCN5 receives esophageal rhythm-timed excitation and pyloric rhythm-timed inhibit

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Tierney, A. J., J. Blanck, and J. Mercier. "FMRFamide-like peptides in the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) stomatogastric nervous system: distribution and effects on the pyloric motor pattern." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 24 (1997): 3221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.24.3221.

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Whole-mount immunocytochemistry was used to map the location of FMRFamide-like peptides in the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) stomatogastric nervous system. This system contains the pyloric and gastric mill central pattern generators, which receive modulatory inputs from projection neurons with somata located primarily in other ganglia of the stomatogastric nervous system. Our studies revealed stained somata in the commissural and esophageal ganglia. A pair of stained somata was located in the inferior ventricular nerve, and another pair of somata was located in the stomatogastric nerve where

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Birmingham, J. T., Z. B. Szuts, L. F. Abbott, and Eve Marder. "Encoding of Muscle Movement on Two Time Scales by a Sensory Neuron That Switches Between Spiking and Bursting Modes." Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 5 (1999): 2786–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.5.2786.

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The gastropyloric receptor (GPR) neurons of the stomatogastric nervous system of the crab Cancer borealis are muscle stretch receptors that can fire in either a spiking or a bursting mode of operation. Our goal is to understand what features of muscle stretch are encoded by these two modes of activity. To this end, we characterized the responses of the GPR neurons in both states to sustained and rapidly varying imposed stretches. The firing rates of spiking GPR neurons in response to rapidly varying stretches were directly related to stretch amplitude. For persistent stretches, spiking-mode fi

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Dickinson, P. S., and E. Marder. "Peptidergic modulation of a multioscillator system in the lobster. I. Activation of the cardiac sac motor pattern by the neuropeptides proctolin and red pigment-concentrating hormone." Journal of Neurophysiology 61, no. 4 (1989): 833–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1989.61.4.833.

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1. The cardiac sac motor pattern consists of slow and irregular impulse bursts in the motor neurons [cardiac sac dilator 1 and 2 (CD1 and CD2)] that innervate the dilator muscles of the cardiac sac region of the crustacean foregut. 2. The effects of the peptides, proctolin and red pigment-concentrating hormone (RPCH), on the cardiac sac motor patterns produced by in vitro preparations of the combined stomatogastric nervous system [the stomatogastric ganglion (STG), the paired commissural ganglia (CGs), and the oesophageal ganglion (OG)] were studied. 3. Bath applications of either RPCH or proc

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Elson, R. C., and A. I. Selverston. "Slow and fast synaptic inhibition evoked by pattern-generating neurons of the gastric mill network in spiny lobsters." Journal of Neurophysiology 74, no. 5 (1995): 1996–2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.74.5.1996.

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1. In this paper we begin an assessment of the role of synaptic properties, especially synaptic time course, in the function of the central pattern generator circuit (CPG) that controls rhythmic movements of the gastric mill in the foregut of spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus). 2. The majority of neurons in the gastric CPG are motor neurons (MNs) that innervate striated muscles of the gastric mill but that also make electrical and inhibitory chemical interconnections within the neuropil of the stomatogastric ganglion. We studied the ionic dependence, pharmacology, and time course of inhibit

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Lesniewska, Violetta, Helle N. Lærke, Mette S. Hedemann, Bent B. Jensen, Søren Højsgaard, and Stefan G. Pierzynowski. "Myoelectrical activity of gastric antrum in conscious piglets around weaning." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 80, no. 4 (2000): 577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a00-002.

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We investigated gastric myoelectrical activity in piglets around weaning. The study was carried out on the same piglets before and after weaning. Before weaning, the piglets were kept with their littermates and nursed by the sow, then they were weaned on solid dry food (standard concentrate for weaning pigs) and fed three times a day. Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded in conscious animals using bipolar electrodes implanted on the wall of the terminal antrum. A cyclic activity pattern of the antral region in the stomach was present in both suckling and weaned piglets and consisted of

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Clemens, Stefan, Denis Combes, Pierre Meyrand, and John Simmers. "Long-Term Expression of Two Interacting Motor Pattern-Generating Networks in the Stomatogastric System of Freely Behaving Lobster." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 3 (1998): 1396–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.3.1396.

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Clemens, Stefan, Denis Combes, Pierre Meyrand, and John Simmers. Long-term expression of two interacting motor pattern-generating networks in the stomatogastric system of freely behaving lobster. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1396–1408, 1998. Rhythmic movements of the gastric mill and pyloric regions of the crustacean foregut are controlled by two stomatogastric neuronal networks that have been intensively studied in vitro. By using electromyographic recordings from the European lobster, Homarus gammarus, we have monitored simultaneously the motor activity of pyloric and gastric mill muscles for ≤3 mo

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Levi, Rafael, and Allen I. Selverston. "Mechanisms Underlying Type I mGluR-Induced Activation of Lobster Gastric Mill Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 6 (2006): 3378–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00591.2005.

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In addition to ionotropic effects, glutamate and acetylcholine have metabotropic modulatory effects on many neurons. Here we show that in the stomatogastric ganglion of the lobster, glutamate, one of the main ionotropic neurotransmitters, modulates the excitability of gastric mill neurons. The neurons in this well-studied system produce rhythmic output to a subset of lobster foregut muscles. Recently, metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonists were suggested as modulators of the rhythmic output, in addition to the previously described muscarinic modulation by acetylcholine. However, the

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Katz, P. S., and R. M. Harris-Warrick. "Serotonergic/cholinergic muscle receptor cells in the crab stomatogastric nervous system. II. Rapid nicotinic and prolonged modulatory effects on neurons in the stomatogastric ganglion." Journal of Neurophysiology 62, no. 2 (1989): 571–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1989.62.2.571.

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1. The gastropyloric receptor (GPR) cells, which are described in the preceding paper, are a set of proprioceptive cells in the crabs Cancer borealis and Cancer irroratus that contain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and choline acetyltransferase. These cells have a variety of synaptic effects on cells in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG). We used pharmacologic methods to distinguish the effects that were due to acetylcholine (ACh) from those that could be due to serotonin. 2. The GPR cells evoke excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in two gastric mill motor neurons [lateral and dor

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Zhu, Lin, Allen I. Selverston, and Joseph Ayers. "The transient potassium outward current has different roles in modulating the pyloric and gastric mill rhythms in the stomatogastric ganglion." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 203, no. 4 (2017): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00359-017-1162-z.

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Haedo, Rodolfo J., and Jorge Golowasch. "Ionic Mechanism Underlying Recovery of Rhythmic Activity in Adult Isolated Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 4 (2006): 1860–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00385.2006.

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Neurons exhibit long-term excitability changes necessary for maintaining proper cell and network activity in response to various inputs and perturbations. For instance, the adult crustacean pyloric network can spontaneously recover rhythmic activity after complete shutdown resulting from permanent removal of neuromodulatory inputs. Dissociated lobster stomatogastric ganglion (STG) neurons have been shown to spontaneously develop oscillatory activity via excitability changes. Rhythmic electrical stimulation can eliminate these oscillatory patterns in some cells. The ionic mechanisms underlying

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MARDER, EVE, YAIR MANOR, FARZAN NADIM, MARLENE BARTOS, and MICHAEL P. NUSBAUM. "Frequency Control of a Slow Oscillatory Network by a Fast Rhythmic Input: Pyloric to Gastric Mill Interactions in the Crab Stomatogastric Nervous Systema." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 860, no. 1 NEURONAL MECH (1998): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09052.x.

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Santana, Nathalie Oliveira de, and Aécio Flávio Teixeira de Góis. "Rhabdomyolysis as a manifestation of clomipramine poisoning." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 131, no. 6 (2013): 432–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2013.1316541.

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CONTEXT: Tricyclic antidepressive agents are widely used in suicide attempts and present a variety of deleterious effects. Rhabdomyolysis is a rare complication of such poisoning. CASE REPORT: A 55-year-old woman ingested 120 pills of 25 mg clomipramine in a suicide attempt two days before admission. After gastric lavage in another emergency department on the day of intake, 80 pills were removed. On admission to our department, she was disoriented, complaining of a dry mouth and tremors at the extremities. An electrocardiogram showed a sinus rhythm with narrow QRS complexes. Laboratory results

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Zabielski, Romuald, Claude Dardillat, Isabelle Le Huërou-Luron, Christine Bernard, Jean Alain Chayvialle, and Paul Guilloteau. "Periodic fluctuations of gut regulatory peptides in phase with the duodenal migrating myoelectric complex in preruminant calves: effect of different sources of dietary protein." British Journal of Nutrition 79, no. 3 (1998): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19980046.

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Four preruminant calves with implanted electrodes in the duodenum and a catheter in the external jugular vein were used for investigation of plasma gut regulatory peptide profiles during different phases of migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) in the small intestine. The effects of different dietary proteins on the rhythmic activity of gut peptides and gastrointestinal motility were compared. In particular, the effects of skimmed-milk protein (retaining physiological patterns of abomasal clotting, and abomaso-intestinal digesta flow)v.fish protein (devoid of clotting activity and modifying the

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Manchikanti, Laxmaiah. "ASIPP Guidelines for Sedation and Fasting Status of Patients Undergoing Interventional Pain Management Procedures." Pain Physician 3, no. 22;3 (2019): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj/2019.22.201.

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Many of the patients undergoing interventional procedures have daily regimens of medications including analgesics, muscle relaxants, and other drugs that can have significant additive/synergistic effects during the perioperative period. Further, many patients also present with comorbid states, including obesity, cardiovascular, and pulmonary disease. Consequently, in the perioperative period, a significant number of patients have suffered permanent neurologic injury, hypoxic brain injury, and even death as a result of over sedation, hypoventilation, and spinal cord injury. In addition, physici

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Ohmure, H., K. Kanematsu-Hashimoto, K. Nagayama, et al. "Evaluation of a Proton Pump Inhibitor for Sleep Bruxism." Journal of Dental Research 95, no. 13 (2016): 1479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034516662245.

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Bruxism is a repetitive jaw-muscle activity characterized by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or bracing or thrusting of the mandible. Recent advances have clarified the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and sleep bruxism (SB). However, the influence of pharmacological elimination of gastric acid secretion on SB has not been confirmed. The authors aimed to assess the efficacy of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) on SB and to examine the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and endoscopic findings of the upper GI tract in SB patients. The authors performed a randomized double-blind place

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Katz, P. S., M. H. Eigg, and R. M. Harris-Warrick. "Serotonergic/cholinergic muscle receptor cells in the crab stomatogastric nervous system. I. Identification and characterization of the gastropyloric receptor cells." Journal of Neurophysiology 62, no. 2 (1989): 558–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1989.62.2.558.

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1. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) immunohistochemistry was used to locate and anatomically describe a set of four muscle receptor cells in the stomatogastric nervous system of the crabs Cancer borealis and Cancer irroratus. We found that these sensory cells, which we named gastropyloric receptor (GPR) cells, are the sole source of serotonergic inputs to the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) in these species. Thus any endogenous serotonergic modulation of the central pattern generators (CPGs) in the STG must be afferent and not descending from other ganglia. 2. There are two bilateral pairs of GPR

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Powell, Daniel, Sara A. Haddad, Srinivas Gorur-Shandilya, and Eve Marder. "Coupling between fast and slow oscillator circuits in Cancer borealis is temperature-compensated." eLife 10 (February 4, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.60454.

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Coupled oscillatory circuits are ubiquitous in nervous systems. Given that most biological processes are temperature-sensitive, it is remarkable that the neuronal circuits of poikilothermic animals can maintain coupling across a wide range of temperatures. Within the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) of the crab,Cancer borealis, the fast pyloric rhythm (~1 Hz) and the slow gastric mill rhythm (~0.1 Hz) are precisely coordinated at ~11°C such that there is an integer number of pyloric cycles per gastric mill cycle (integer coupling). Upon increasing temperature from 7°C to 23°C, both oscillators sh

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Otopalik, Adriane G., Jason Pipkin, and Eve Marder. "Neuronal morphologies built for reliable physiology in a rhythmic motor circuit." eLife 8 (January 18, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.41728.

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It is often assumed that highly-branched neuronal structures perform compartmentalized computations. However, previously we showed that the Gastric Mill (GM) neuron in the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG) operates like a single electrotonic compartment, despite having thousands of branch points and total cable length >10 mm (Otopalik et al., 2017a; 2017b). Here we show that compact electrotonic architecture is generalizable to other STG neuron types, and that these neurons present direction-insensitive, linear voltage integration, suggesting they pool synaptic inputs across their ne

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