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Journal articles on the topic 'German warships'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Sondhaus, Lawrence. "Mitteleuropa zur See? Austria and the German Navy Question 1848–52." Central European History 20, no. 2 (1987): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900012577.

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The German navy of 1848–52 was born in the stormy sessions of the Frankfurt Parliament and died amid equally acrimonious debates in the diet of the restored German Confederation. Denmark's blockade of the North Sea and Baltic ports during the Schleswig-Holstein war inspired this first attempt to create a German battle fleet, and the temporary resolution of German-Danish differences, combined with the Confederation's unwillingness to assume responsibility for the warships, brought it to an early end. The scant scholarly literature on the first German navy tends to view it purely as a north Germ

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2

Schneider, Daniel. "Das Kreuzergeschwader der Kaiserlichen Marine im Russisch-Japanischen Krieg 1904–1905." Militaergeschichtliche Zeitschrift 84, no. 1 (2025): 24–61. https://doi.org/10.1515/mgzs-2025-0002.

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Abstract The Imperial Navy’s cruiser squadron, which was permanently deployed in East Asia, was constantly present in the region during the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), which was mainly fought in Korea on the outskirts of the German possessions in Kiautschou with the port of Tsingtau. Although the German Empire remained neutral in the conflict, warships were nevertheless deployed to gather intelligence and naval interventions were necessary to guarantee German neutrality. The role of the German navy is analysed on the basis of archival sources. At the beginning of the war, the cruiser squad

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3

de Lavigne-Aubery, Marie. "Halifax 1940 : port de transit pour l'or européen." Northern Mariner / Le marin du nord 28, no. 2 (2018): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2561-5467.220.

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Europe had been invaded and Britain stood alone to face Hitler’s armies. As it was imperative that the gold reserves in Europe’s central banks be protected from German greed, the gold had to be sent to North America in warships. With access to US ports limited by the Convention on maritime neutrality, the Allies chose the port of Halifax, Nova Scotia, as a transit hub for the European treasure. The gold was unloaded in the utmost secrecy and transported by rail to the Bank of Canada in Ottawa and the Federal Reserve in New York.

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Tunc, Tanfer Emin. "Less Sugar, More Warships: Food as American Propaganda in the First World War." War in History 19, no. 2 (2012): 193–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344511433158.

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The use of food as American war propaganda finds its origins in the First World War, when anti-German sentiment prompted Americans to rename German foods. The First World War also signifies an important turning point in the history of American food consumption because it represents a shift in eating habits, culinary practices, and domestic food preparation, including the infiltration of fresh home-grown fruit and vegetables and preserved or canned foods into the US diet, and the introduction of supermarkets. All of these changes, however, would have been impossible without the mobilization of

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Шевчук, Андрій, Оксана Литвинчук та Олена Войтюк. "ЧОРНОМОРСЬКІ ПРОТОКИ В МІЖНАРОДНІЙ ПОЛІТИЦІ(ХVІІІ–ХІХ ст.)". Міжнародні відносини, суспільні комунікації та регіональні студії, № 1 (18) (5 червня 2024): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2524-2679-2024-01-39-55.

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The article examines the evolution of the status of the Black Sea straits during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Given that the Black Sea was an “inland lake” of the Ottoman Empire, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles were closed to any foreign ships. The conclusion of the Küçük-Kainarjah Peace of 1774 was the first point of bifurcation (change in the established mode of operation of the system) – allowing merchant ships to pass through the Straits. All subsequent international agreements duplicated the provision on unimpeded access of com- mercial ships to/from the Black Sea. The next

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6

Mathews, Susann M. "Mathematical Modeling: Convoying Merchant Ships." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 9, no. 7 (2004): 382–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.9.7.0382.

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Few events of the twentieth century have had as much impact as who won World Wars I and II. In both wars, Great Britain reduced the sinkings of merchant ships by German submarines through sailing their ships in groups (convoying). Before instituting convoys, Great Britain suffered severe losses to attack by German submarines. In World War II, Japan allowed merchant ships to sail individually. Japan's losses to U.S. submarines were a critical element in Japan's defeat (Roscoe 1949). In a convoy, many merchant ships sail in a large group under the escort of naval warships to protect the poorly a

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Mikhailov, V. V. "MOBILISATION IN AUSTRALIA AND THE FORMATION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND CORPS (ANZAC) IN 1914." Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Historical science 6(72), no. 2 (2020): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1741-2020-6-2-95-104.

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The author studies the history of formation of the Australian-new Zealand army corps (ANZAC) formations after the beginning of the First world war. The mobilization activities of the governments of Australia and New Zealand, the reaction of societies in these countries to the world war and participation in it, the features of recruitment of the Australian Imperial Force (AIS) and the new Zealand expeditionary force, the characteristics of the corps command are studied. It shows the main events during the transport of the first convoy with ANZAC troops to training camps in Egypt in the autumn o

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Markovchin, V. V. "Персия в арийских планах: тихие сражения Первой мировой войны". Вестник гуманитарного образования, № 4(28) (9 березня 2023): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25730/vsu.2070.22.040.

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This publication continues the series of articles devoted to the relationship between Germany and Persia, which developed during the First World War. The materials presented are copies of German telegrams exchanged in late 1915 – early 1916 by diplomats and intelligence officers in the telegraph building in the city of Kum. All of them are devoted to attempts to organize a new front on Persian territory in order to ease the position of the Reichswehr on the main fronts of the World War. A special piquancy to these documents is given by the fact that the person who first deciphered the Ge rman

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Houghton, Frances. "Under the "Best Possible Protection"? Violence and Medical Care in British Warships and Hospital Ships During the Second World War." Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development 14, no. 3 (2023): 420–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hum.2023.a924871.

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Abstract: In 1940 the British state formally protested to the German government about a recent string of attacks violating the neutrality of hospital ships. Ensuing arguments in Britain about effective ways of preserving hospital ship safety from acts of enemy violence also broadened out to include discussions of how to ensure the 'best possible protection' of medical staff serving in British warships during the Second World War. Examining the sea as a significant yet neglected humanitarian space in scholarship of the international laws of war, this article critically assesses how wartime Brit

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Chernoperov, V. L., and E. A. Reshetov. "FROM THE HISTORY OF SOVIET-SWEDISH MILITARY RELATIONS IN THE 1920S - 1930S." Vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 08, no. 03 (2024): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2024-08-03-110-124.

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The article is devoted to Soviet-Swedish military relations in the 1920s - 1930s. It is based on sources from the Russian State Archive of Economics and the Archive of Foreign Policy. Most of them are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The relevance of the article is due to its low level of study. As a result of the study, it was found that Soviet-Swedish military ties included transactions for the purchase of weapons, engines for warships, uniforms for military personnel and other goods for the Red Army. Especially impressive was the interaction with the Bofors c

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Boldyerev, Andrey. "Turkish Historians on the Problem of the Black Sea Straits in Soviet-Turkish Relations (1939–1945)." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 6 (2024): 237. https://doi.org/10.31696/s086919080032770-4.

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The article is devoted to the problem of the Black Sea straits in Soviet-Turkish relations during the Second World War as reflected in modern Turkish historiography. In Turkish historiography, a negative assessment of the role of the Soviet Union in the history of Soviet-Turkish relations in 1939–1945 traditionally prevails. The leitmotif is the opinion about the continuity of the expansionist policy of the USSR inherited from tsarist Russia. Turkish researchers emphasize that, starting from the pre-war period, the USSR has been preparing to revise the Montreux Convention of 1936. In their opi

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Sydorenko, Andriy. "Naval Policy of 1917–1920 in the Scientific Works of Lieutenant SvIatoslav Shramchenko." Ethnic History of European Nations, no. 69 (2023): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2023.69.11.

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The article comprehensively analyzes the scientific output of the scientist, fleet lieutenant Sviatoslav Shramchenko, which is dedicated to the naval policy of the era of the National Liberation War of 1917–1921. On the basis of official orders, state documents, and his own memories, the author described the peculiarities of the formation of the structure of the Maritime Ministry, the development of the Black Sea Fleet, identified external and internal political factors that both contributed to and hindered these processes, characterized the general aspects of the concept of naval policy. Exam

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13

Reyes, Portia L. "Eyes on a Prize: Colonial Fantasies, the German Self and Newspaper Accounts of the 1896 Philippine Revolution." Itinerario 32, no. 2 (2008): 105–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300002011.

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Hundreds of German traders and residents were living in the Philippines when the 1896 Revolution against the Spanish broke out. Representing different religious, regional and economic backgrounds, they routinely met and mingled in such social organisations as reading clubs or, later, the Casino Union. Save for the Spanish, Germans formed the most numerous European community. As latecomers vis-àvis other Europeans, they painstakingly maintained working relations with the Spanish colonial administrators and local Filipino elites to bolster their businesses. The outbreak of the revolution, howeve

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14

Laumann, Dennis. "A Historiography of German Togoland, or The Rise and Fall of a “Model Colony”." History in Africa 30 (2003): 195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361541300003211.

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The literature on German Togoland, as compared with that of most of the other former European colonies on the African continent, is far from extensive. While the colony was relatively small and short-lived, the dearth of academic work is notable, since Togoland not only was prized by the Germans as their most successful colonial venture but was also viewed as a “model colony” by contemporary observers in other European imperial nations.Only a handful of books devoted exclusively to the colony have been published since the emergence of African history in the late 1950s as an academic field in t

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15

Bankel, Hansgeorg, and Andrew Stewart. "New observations on the pediments of the early Classical temple of Aphaia on Aegina and on other works by the ‘Aphaia architect’." Journal of Greek Archaeology 7 (November 23, 2022): 173–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/jga.v7i.1714.

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Over a decade ago, Andrew Stewart revived the question of whether the Persians destroyed the Archaic (or ‘older’) temple of Aphaia on Aegina, the scorched remains of which littered the terrace fills of its successor. Copious very late Attic black figure pottery accompanied them, roughly contemporary with the Athenian Agora’s ‘Perserschutt’ deposits. Stewart’s work supported that of Vinzenz Brinkmann and others who had re-dated this successor to the early Classical period, arguing that its pedimental sculptures, honoring Aeginetan prowess in the Trojan War (Figure 1), celebrated Aegina’s succes

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16

von Wilmowsky, Cornelius, M. R. Kiesewetter, and T. Moest. "Dental treatment on a German warship during a three-month deployment." Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 160, no. 1 (2013): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2013-000063.

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17

Peng, Min. "Stimulation on Anti-Shock Characteristic of Diesel Engine." Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (January 2013): 920–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.920.

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With more and more attention being paid to anti-shock of the warship by many country’s navy, it is of practical significance to study the anti-shock characteristic of the diesel engine which belongs to the A class facility on warship. Owing to the high price of shock test, simulation combined with partial shock test methods are adopted by many countries to ensure the facility’s anti-shock performance. A numeric virtual platform of TBD234V6 diesel engine generator set is built by means of software MSC.ADAMS and four machine feet of the diesel engine are modeled flexibly. The virtual shock test

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18

Schult, Volker. "In Search of a German Consulate Consul Eschke’s Journey to North Borneo, 28 August to 27 September 1897." Sarawak Museum Journal LXVII, no. 88 (2010): 143–58. https://doi.org/10.61507/smj22-2010-ii18-06.

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The document presented in this article was found in the Political Archives of German Foreign Office in Berlin. It is an unofficial report by the German Consul of Singapore, Hans Eschke. Eschke was born in Berlin on 10 November 1856 and started his career in the German Foreign Office in 1885. In 1889 he was appointed Imperial Consul in Singapore and stayed in office as consul until 1898. The consulate was changed into a general consulate with Eschke as head of office in 1901. On 19 July 1904 he died in Singapore.1 Eschke’s report consists of 78 handwritten pages and published and translated int

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19

Cho, Se Hyun. "Warship Purchase and Navy Building of Chinese Ministers to Germany in Late Qing Dynasty." CHUNGGUKSA YONGU (The Journal of Chinese Historical Researches) 115 (August 31, 2018): 135–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24161/chr.115.135.

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20

Jónsson, Már. "Denmark-Norway as a Potential World Power in the Early Seventeenth Century." Itinerario 33, no. 2 (2009): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300003077.

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On 2 January 1625, the English ambassador Robert Anstruther met with King Christian IV of Norway and Denmark and requested his participation in a union of Protestant states against Emperor Ferdinand II and the Catholic League in Germany. Within three days, King Christian proposed to contribute five thousand soldiers for one year, as part of an army of almost thirty thousand men. In early June, despite opposition from the Danish Council of State, reluctant to put a huge amount of money into foreign affairs, Christian decided to join what he called “the war for the defence of Lower Saxony”. He t

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21

Truxes, Thomas M. "Transnational Trade in the Wartime North Atlantic: The Voyage of the Snow Recovery." Business History Review 79, no. 4 (2005): 751–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25097113.

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The voyage of a small ocean-going trading vessel, of a type known as a snow, provides a window into the world of wartime commerce in the late colonial period. In March 1760, the snow Recovery, which was owned by a consortium of North American and Irish businessmen, traveled from New York City to Belfast, Ireland, and from there to the tiny Dutch island of Curaçao. From Curaçao, the snow sailed north to the Bay of Monte Cristi in Spanish Santo Domingo, where it loaded French sugar and coffee, mostly purchased through Spanish intermediaries, for sale at the German port of Hamburg. Upon leaving t

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22

Oxley, Ian. "Scapa Flow and the protection and management of Scotland's historic military shipwrecks." Antiquity 76, no. 293 (2002): 862–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00091353.

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IntroductionIn the past Britain has been a global naval, mercantile and industrial power and, as an island which has benefited from successive waves of settlement, its history is inextricably linked to its surrounding seas (Lavery 2001). High volumes of shipping traffic and a long history of seafaring and warfare have contributed to a density of shipwreck remains in UK territorial waters which is likely to be amongst the highest in the world.Recently warship wrecks have been given a significantly higher degree of attention in the UK and world-wide, and the recent ‘scheduling’ of the German Hig

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23

Friese, Klaus J. "The German-Chinese-Japanese Warship: Representations of National Identity and Cultural Significance of War in Art, c. 1885–1896." War & Society 40, no. 2 (2021): 102–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2021.1906428.

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24

Rachkov, Ilia. "Ways and means of legal protection against non-enforcement of decisions rendered by international courts and arbitral tribunals." Meždunarodnoe pravosudie 14, no. 4 (2024): 85–110. https://doi.org/10.21128/2226-2059-2024-4-85-110.

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There is an opinion among the layman (and among lawyers as well) that “international law is not law at all” or “interna-tional law does not work”. In support of these statements, those who express them refer, in particular, to the fact that in international relations there are no global policeman who could make sure that international obligations be fulfilled. This also applies to decisions of international courts and arbitral awards: in fact, there is no global agency of court mar-shalls/bailiffs. Nor is there a way to declare a state bankrupt if such state does not honor a judgment of an int

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25

Kim, Hyunwoo, and Joonmo Choung. "Shock-Resistance Responses of Frigate Equipments by Underwater Explosion." Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology 36, no. 3 (2022): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26748/ksoe.2022.008.

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Three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA) models have been used to evaluate the shock-resistance responses of various equipments, including armaments mounted on a warship caused by underwater explosion (UNDEX). This paper aims to check the possibility of using one-dimensional (1D) FEA models for the shock-resistance responses. A frigate was chosen for the evaluation of the shock-resistance responses by the UNDEX. The frigate was divided into the thirteen discrete segments along the length of the ship. The 1D Timoshenko beam elements were used to model the frigate. The explosive charge

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26

Osipov, Yurii Anatol'evich. "Submarine forces of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet on the eve of the Great Patriotic War." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 9 (September 2022): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2022.9.36453.

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The subject of the study is the state of the submarine forces of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet on the eve of the Great Patriotic War, in particular, the issues of the operational and tactical situation in the theater, combat and political training of personnel, the level of organization of supplies and medical and sanitary support, as well as military discipline of the Red Navy and commanders. The purpose of the work is to determine the level of combat readiness of the submarine forces of the fleet at the time of the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War. On the basis of archival documents, source

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27

Ahmed Abed al-Zubaidi, Dr Riyam, and Dr Waleed Abood Mohammed al-Dulaimi. "The Role of Japanese Naval Force and Emergence of its International Status (1914-1921)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES 13, no. 01 (2023): 01–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37648/ijrssh.v13i01.001.

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To achieve its expansionist regional ambitions in China and Korea, and to protect its shipping lines in the Pacific Ocean, and to justify its claims in protecting East Asia from the dangers of German naval bases, on the one hand, and its endeavor to establish peace and prevent the spread of battles to the Far East, on the other hand. The research was concerned with the nature of these allegations and the extent of their truth, in light of tracking the role of the Japanese naval force during the First World War (1914- 1918), and then the emergence of its international standing until 1921, as th

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28

Overlack, Peter. "‘Imperial Germany's Push to the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean: A Strategic Imperative of Weltpolitik’." War in History, March 28, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09683445241243002.

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With the extension of the Berlin-Baghdad Railway and Germany's search first for naval coaling and later for radio station locations, the strategic usefulness of footholds in the Persian Gulf region came to the fore. Reliable communication with the African colonies and warships of the East Asian Cruiser Squadron in the expanse of the Indian Ocean was essential. With the allied Ottoman Empire regional expansion aimed to create a wedge to split the British Empire. Disruptive activities in Persia and Afghanistan aimed to pressure India and distract Britain. This places German strategy in the regio

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29

Franz, Maciej. "Chapter 8. REJON UMOCNIONY HEL 1939 – KONCEPCJA SYSTEMU UZBROJENIA: TEORIA I PRAKTYKA." Defensive Wars: Poland 1939 - Ukraine 2022-2023. Monograph, 2024, 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/obv.2024-138-151.

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In the interwar period, the Polish state made many preparations for the future war. However, he managed to prepare only one Fortified Region, capable of fighting the enemy. It was built on the Hel Peninsula, on the Baltic Sea, becoming the foundation of the defense system of the Polish coast. A battery of 152.4mm Bofors guns was installed in the Hel Fortified Region, which was the most powerful such battery in interwar Poland, and at the same time the foundation of the defense system. Her location, camouflage, allowed her to win all duels with German warships in 1939. The Hel Fortified Region

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30

"MODERN GERMAN WARSHIP DESIGN." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 26, no. 2 (2009): 591–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1914.tb01137.x.

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Lawrence, M. "ON THE LOSS OF HMS HOOD." Historic Ships 2023, November 29, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.hs.2023.10.

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HMS Hood, the largest and most famous warship in the Royal Navy, blew up and sank while engaging the German Battleship Bismarck on the early morning of Saturday 24th May 1941 in what became known as the battle of the Denmark Strait. Casualties were extremely heavy: only 3 survivors were found from a ship’s complement of 1,418 men. The tragedy represented the largest loss of life of any single Royal Navy vessel lost in the Second World War. It came as a great shock not only to the Admiralty but to the entire country, every outpost of empire and indeed the World.

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McCormack, Gavan. "The Prospect of Political Change in Japan – Elections 2021." Asia-Pacific Journal 19, no. 7 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1017/s1557466021031417.

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AbstractJapan in late 2021 faces two important elections - in September for presidency of the Liberal-Democratic Party (and de facto Prime Minister) and in October for Lower House of the Diet. This paper argues that Kishida Fumio, victorious in the former and to contest the latter on 31 October, offers little prospect of change. His government includes the same key figures as the Abe and Suga governments of 2012-2021 and is likely to continue the same US-led anti-China policies, marked by substantial military expansion and multi-national military exercises drawing to the East China Sea warship

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