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Journal articles on the topic 'Germinoma'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Jinguji, Shinya, Kouichirou Okamoto, Junichi Yoshimura, et al. "Occurrence of metachronous pure germinomas long after treatment of a mixed germ cell tumor containing yolk sac tumor and germinoma." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 11, no. 1 (2013): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.9.peds12151.

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The authors report a rare case involving the occurrence of metachronous pure germinomas long after treatment of a mixed germ cell tumor (GCT) categorized as having a poor prognosis. A neurohypophysial germinoma occurred 4 years and 6 months after the initial treatment of a mixed pineal GCT containing a yolk sac tumor and a germinoma. Furthermore, intramedullary germinomas occurred 21 years after the initial treatment of the mixed GCT and 15 years after the second treatment of the neurohypophysial germinoma. The neurohypophysial germinoma was not confirmed histopathologically, but the intramedu

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2

Karita, Hiroki, Takao Koiso, Ai Muroi, Noriaki Sakamoto, Alexander Zaboronok, and Eiichi Ishikawa. "Preoperatively difficult-to-diagnose medulla oblongata germinoma: A case report and literature review." Surgical Neurology International 14 (October 13, 2023): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_682_2023.

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Background: Intracranial germinomas are rare tumors, accounting for 0.5–2% of primary intracranial neoplasms. While they typically occur in the pineal gland, suprasellar region, basal ganglia, and thalamus, germinomas arising in the medulla oblongata are exceptionally rare. Diagnosis of medulla oblongata germinoma is challenging, potentially leading to misdiagnosis and poor prognosis. Case Description: We present a case of a 29-year-old man complaining of left leg numbness. Radiological findings revealed a contrast-enhanced lesion in the medulla oblongata. The patient underwent tumor biopsy, a

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3

Coelho, JSM, CS Almeida, CML Ribeiro, LC Heringer, L. Amaral, and JM Rotta. "Germinoma de haste hipofisária: Relato de caso e revisão de literatura." Arquivos Brasileiros de Neurocirurgia: Brazilian Neurosurgery 23, no. 01 (2004): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1625442.

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ResumoOs germinomas intracranianos são histologicamente indistinguíveis do neurinoma testicular e disgerminoma ovariano; eles ocorrem mais freqüentemente na região pineal, supra-selar e gânglios da base. O envolvimento primário do germinoma na haste hipofisária é raro.Neste artigo, relatamos um germinoma da haste hipofisária e revisamos a literatura sobre o assunto.

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4

Murakami, Masaji, Jun-ichi Kuratsu, Masato Kochi, Naoko Kunitoku, Akihito Hashiguchi, and Yukitaka Ushio. "Pineal germinomas with granulomatous inflammation Report of two cases and review of the literature." Neurosurgical Focus 5, no. 1 (1998): E7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.1998.5.1.8.

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The authors report on two cases of pineal germinomas with granulomatous inflammation (granulomatous germinomas). Macroscopically, both tumors were relatively hard and grayish in color. Histological examination revealed a germinoma with multinucleated giant cells and Schaumann bodies in one case, and a germinoma with the background of acellular fibrillated matrix in the other. On immunohistochemical analysis, the granulomatous germinomas were shown to contain many macrophages, T- and B-lymphocytes, and glial fibrillary acid protein-positive cells infiltrating the specimens, compared to nongranu

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Oshima, Akito, Toshikazu Kimura, Atsuya Akabane, and Tomohiro Inoue. "Primary midbrain germinoma relapse-free for 5 years: A case report." Surgical Neurology International 13 (December 9, 2022): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_703_2022.

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Background: The biology and clinical course of intracranial germinomas differ as per their location of occurrence. Germinoma of the primary midbrain is particularly rare, and its clinical features, treatment strategies, and long-term prognosis remain uncertain. Case Description: A 39-year-old man who had been diagnosed with midbrain germinoma by open biopsy through the occipital transtentorial approach had undergone chemoradiotherapy and achieved 5 years with no recurrence. Conclusion: Germinomas should be considered as a differential diagnosis for adolescents and young adult men with mesencep

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Martín-Hernández, Rubén, Diego Hernando Macías-Rodríguez, Ángel Muñoz-Herrera, Juan Carlos Del Pozo-de Dios, Santiago Santa Cruz-Ruiz, and Ángel Batuecas-Caletrío. "Germinoma in the Internal Auditory Canal Mimicking a Vestibular Schwannoma." Case Reports in Otolaryngology 2014 (2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/794158.

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The appearance of a primary germinoma in the central nervous system but not on or near the midline or within the brain is exceptional. It may occur at any age; however, it is rare in patients over 50 years old. Only a handful of cases of germinomas located in the cerebellopontine angle were presented, but to our knowledge, there has been no description of an isolated germinoma in the internal auditory canal. We report a case of germinoma in the internal auditory canal in a 51-year-old man simulating the clinical and radiological characteristics of a vestibular schwannoma.

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7

Fukuoka, Kohei, Takaaki Yanagisawa, Tomonari Suzuki, et al. "Human chorionic gonadotropin detection in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with a germinoma and its prognostic significance: assessment by using a highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 18, no. 5 (2016): 573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.4.peds1658.

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OBJECTIVE Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) can be detected in a certain population of patients with a germinoma, but the frequency of germinoma HCG secretion and the prognostic value of HCG in the CSF are unknown. METHODS The authors measured HCG levels in sera and CSF in patients with a histologically confirmed germinoma by using a highly sensitive assay known as an immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay (EIA), which is more than 100 times as sensitive as the conventional method, and they analyzed the correlation between HCG levels and the prognoses of patients with a germinoma. RESULTS

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8

Yamamoto, Etsuko, Yoshiki Arakawa, Katsutsugu Umeda, et al. "GCT-50. LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF INTRACRANIAL GERMINOMA IN A SINGLE INSTITUTION." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_3 (2020): iii338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.268.

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Abstract The treatment for intracranial germinoma has been well-established. Complete removal is not necessary, but radiation therapy is important. As the prognosis of patients with germinoma has become better, side effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy must be well considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of intracranial germinomas at Kyoto University Hospital from 1979 to 2019. 64 patients were diagnosed as intracranial germinoma. Patients with hCG &gt; 100 IU/l and/or AFP &gt; 10 ng/ml were excluded. Patients, who were histologically diagnosed as germinoma wit

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Allen, Jeffrey C., Jae Ho Kim, and Roger J. Packer. "Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for newly diagnosed germ-cell tumors of the central nervous system." Journal of Neurosurgery 67, no. 1 (1987): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1987.67.1.0065.

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✓ A neoadjuvant (preradiotherapy) chemotherapy regimen consisting of either cyclophosphamide alone (60 to 80 mg/kg) or a modified multidrug regimen (vinblastine, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, and cisplatin) was administered to 15 newly diagnosed patients with histologically confirmed, fully staged, primary germ-cell tumors (GCT's) of the central nervous system (CNS). There were 11 patients with germinomas and four with non-germinoma malignant GCT's. There were six females and nine males, whose median age was 13 years (range 4 months to 24 years). Seven germinoma patients (64%) had disseminated

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Fulvio D'Angelo, Hirokazu Takami, Tomonari Suzuki, Kazuhiko Takabatake, et al. "CTNI-72. PHASE II TRIAL OF PATHOLOGY-BASED THREE-GROUP TREATMENT STRATIFICATION FOR PATIENTS WITH CNS GERM CELL TUMORS: A LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP STUDY." Neuro-Oncology 25, Supplement_5 (2023): v94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noad179.0354.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Phase II clinical trial funded by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare from 1995 to 2003 evaluated efficacy of pathology-based three-group treatment stratification for CNS germ cell tumors (GCTs). We here present long-term follow-up results. METHODS Total 228 cases were registered. Germinoma was treated with carboplatin+etoposide (CARE) and extended-local irradiation, local irradiation was added for intermediate-prognosis-group, and poor-prognosis-group was treated with ifosfamide+cisplatin+etoposide (ICE) and whole-brain or craniospinal irradiation. RESULTS Mean/median a

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Kuranari, Yuki, Tomoru Miwa, Maya Kono, Tokunori Kanazawa, and Kazunari Yoshida. "GCT-55. INTRACRANIAL GERMINOMA ORIGINATING FROM ATYPICAL LOCATION WITH SUBCLINICAL ADH INSUFFICIENCY." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_3 (2020): iii339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.272.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION Intracranial germinomas are rare tumors which usually develop in the midline structures and affect in 90% of cases the pineal gland and suprasellar regions. Sometimes they involve basal ganglia, septum pellucidum, and other regions. We report a very unusual presentation of an intracranial germinoma originating from the lateral ventricle. METHODS A 10-year-old boy presented with a 1-year history of polydipsia and polyuria. During the hypertonic saline test, a low ADH was detected and established the diagnosis of subclinical ADH insufficiency. MRI showed a heterogeneously e

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Takami, Hirokazu, Ryo Nishikawa, and Masao Matsutani. "QOL-07. LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF PHYSICAL FUNCTION AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM GERM CELL TUMORS." Neuro-Oncology 26, Supplement_8 (2024): viii263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noae165.1042.

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Abstract BACKGROUND This paper presents an analysis of iving and social conditions from a long-term follow-up of Phase II clinical trial for central nervous system germ cell tumors conducted between 1995 and 2003. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 228 cases, including 161 germinomas, 66 non-germinomas, and 1 mature teratoma, over a median follow-up of 222 months. There were 56 recurrences and 39 deaths recorded. The analysis at the final follow-up included final educational level, employment status, activities of daily living (ADLs), marital and parental status, and hormone rep

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Jehri, Abdelhamid, Salma Lahlou, Karim Baayoud, Abderrazak Bertal, Khadija Ibahioin, and Abdelhakim Lakhdar. "Multiple Intracranial Germinomas: A Case Report." European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 6, no. 4 (2024): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2024.6.4.2121.

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Germinomas are malignant tumors derived from primitive germ cells located in the midline structures of the brain, namely the pineal and/or sellar region. We report a case of multiple localization of germinoma in a 21-year-old patient with moderate headache of progressive onset; complicated by bilateral ptosis, right hyperacusis and swallowing and walking disorders. Brain MRI showed multiple diffuse nodular lesions above and below the tentorial level. Tumor markers screened in the blood were negative. The patient underwent an endoscopic biopsy and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Anatomopathologic

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Nagata, Kiyoshi, Yuji Nikaido, Takashi Yuasa, Kenta Fujimoto, Yong Jin Kim, and Masazumi Inoue. "Germinoma causing wallerian degeneration." Journal of Neurosurgery 88, no. 1 (1998): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1998.88.1.0126.

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✓ Germinomas occurring in the thalamus and basal ganglia sometimes cause atrophy of the cerebral hemisphere on the affected side. The authors present the case of a 12-year-old girl with a germinoma that developed in the basal frontal lobe and cerebral basal ganglia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed atrophy not only of the cerebrum but also of the brainstem. A T2-weighted image revealed an area of high intensity that proved to be wallerian degeneration extending from the corona radiata and internal capsule to the brainstem. The authors suggest that this pathological change may be involved in t

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Hanakita, Shunya, Atumi Takenobu, Atsushi Kambe, Takashi Watanabe, Masahiro Shin, and Akira Teraoka. "Intramedullary recurrence of germinoma in the spinal cord 15 years after complete remission of a pineal lesion." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 16, no. 5 (2012): 513–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.2.spine11499.

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The authors present a case of germinoma that was initially found in the pineal region and recurred 15 years later in the intramedullary cervical spinal cord after intensive chemo- and radiotherapy and diagnosis of complete remission. This 28-year-old man initially presented with seizures. Hydrocephalus and a pineal tumor were found on radiological examination, and partial resection of the tumor was performed. Histological diagnosis showed a pure germinoma. Following surgery, the patient received a combination of chemo- and radiotherapy, and a complete remission was shown. However, after 15 yea

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Ahmad, K., S. Ansari, K. Dhungel, MK Gupta, RK Rauniyar, and N. Mishra. "Pineal germinoma presenting with Parinaud’s syndrome." Health Renaissance 11, no. 3 (2014): 276–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i3.9653.

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Intracranial germinomas typically occur in the suprasellar, pineal, and other locations. Pineal germinoma presenting with Parinaud’s Syndrome is a group of abnormalities of eye movement and pupil dysfunction. It is a rare tumor and its clinical and imaging features can help clinicians in the management of these lesions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i3.9653 Health Renaissance 2013;11(3):276-278

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CHAN, A. K., Z. F. Shi, K. W. Lo, H. K. Ng, and C. C. Lau. "P14.47 Tissue immune markers for central nervous system germinoma." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_3 (2019): iii77—iii78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz126.282.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Germinoma is the commonest CNS germ cell tumor. An important histological feature is prominent immune cell infiltrates. The composition of such immune cell infiltrates remains under-investigated in the literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS We collected a cohort of 40 cases of intra-cranial germinomas and examined the clinical and histopathological features. The tumor infiltrating immune cells were characterized by immunohistochemistry and image analysis. RESULTS Across the cohort, the mean positivity ± SE of CD3-positive T cell and CD20-positive B cells was 31.2% ± 3.1% and 15.2

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Harris, Micah K., Margaret Lamb, Joseph R. Stanek, Jonathan L. Finlay, and Mohamed S. AbdelBaki. "GCT-74. RETROSPECTIVE LITERATURE REVIEW OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) GERM CELL TUMORS (GCTs) IN PATIENTS WITH DOWN SYNDROME (DS)." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_3 (2020): iii343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.290.

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Abstract BACKGROUND A standard-of-care has not been established for the management of DS patients who develop primary CNS GCTs – the most common CNS neoplasm in DS – despite being more susceptible to treatment-related adverse events. METHODS A review of the English-language medical literature between 1960 and 2020 was conducted. RESULTS Thirty-one cases of CNS GCTs in DS patients (median nine-years-old; 21 males) were reported; the majority (23/31) originated from East Asia. Twelve had germinomas (39%), 12 had non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs) (39%), and seven had teratomas (22%). Fo

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Balanquit, Loiue Stihl, and Ranhel De Roxas-Bernardino. "MMOD-09 PINEAL GERMINOMA RECURRENCE AND DISTANT METASTASIS IN A POST-CHEMOTHERAPY AND POST-RADIOTHERAPY ADULT FILIPINO: A CASE REPORT." Neuro-Oncology Advances 6, Supplement_1 (2024): i17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdae090.053.

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Abstract Pineal Germinomas are rare tumors comprising approximately less than one percent of brain tumors seen mostly in children or young adults and in males. Its recurrence is even more rare especially with local recurrence or leptomeningeal dissemination which is around 15%. We report a case of a 25 year old female which initially presents as frontal headache with associated photophobia and doubling of vision. Persistence of symptoms prompted consult upon which an MRI was done revealing a mass lesion. Surgical biopsy was done with histopathology revealing germinoma. Four cycles of chemother

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Shin, Jimin, Anne Cochrane, Andrea Ogle, et al. "GCT-25. THE IMPACT OF RESIDUAL DISEASE ON THE OUTCOMES OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM GERMINOMAS – A MULTICENTER INSTITUTION EXPERIENCE." Neuro-Oncology 26, Supplement_4 (2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noae064.280.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Germinomas make up about two-thirds of central nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumors and are highly radio-sensitive with excellent survival rate of more than 90%. Current standard of care involves the combination of chemotherapy with reduced-dose radiotherapy. Typically, patients with residual disease receive a higher dose of radiotherapy. However, recent clinical trials showed that there were no differences in the outcomes between those who had complete response (CR) versus partial response (PR) to initial chemotherapy. Hence, we aimed to assess the outcomes of germinoma p

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AbdelBaki, Mohamed S., and Ute Bartels. "GCT-21. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM GERMINOMA - PONDERING THE NEXT STEPS." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_3 (2020): iii332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.241.

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Abstract Central nervous system germinoma (CNS) represents one successful example where the introduction of chemotherapy into the treatment allowed significant and meaningful reductions in the volume and dose of radiation therapy while maintaining excellent outcomes. However, the long-term toxicities and morbidities of the current therapies, in addition to their substantial negative impact on the social wellbeing of germinoma patients, should clearly indicate that the current achievements are not enough. While stepwise cutback of the radiation therapy needs to be commended, real progress must

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Loto, Monica Graciela, Karina Danilowicz, Santiago González Abbati, Rafael Torino, and Alejandro Misiunas. "Germinoma with Involvement of Midline and Off-Midline Intracranial Structures." Case Reports in Endocrinology 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/936937.

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Germinomas are malignant intracranial germ tumors, usually found in suprasellar regions. Less than 10% are localized in off-middle structures, and synchronous involvement of both structures has only exceptionally been published. A case of an 18-year-old male patient with progressive right-sided hemiparesis and panhypopituitarism was reviewed. Brain MRI showed a solid mass involving pituitary and hypothalamus with thickening of pituitary stalk, high intensity lesions on T2-weighted imaging in left internal capsule, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, and mild atrophy of the left internal capsule

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Tandon, Anisha S. "An unusual case of stroke in a young Indian male, presenting with recurring hemiparesis-diagnosis aided by the use of susceptibility weighted magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 13, no. 5 (2025): 2211–14. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20251339.

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Germinoma is the most common and least malignant intracranial germ cell tumour, usually found in the midline. Basal ganglia and thalamic germinoma, called ectopic germinoma, is a rare and well documented entity representing 5% to 10% of all intracranial germinomas and has been reported extensively in young Asian males. The association of cerebral and/or brain stem atrophy with basal ganglia- thalamic germinoma on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is found in 33% of the cases. Although early treatment with chemo radiotherapy can be curative and significantly improve

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Abbas, Mosab, Mariam Zuhair Enani, Zehour Alsabban, Abdelrazak Meliti, and Mohammed Homoud. "Primary anterior visual pathway germinoma in a 13-year-old boy: A case report." Surgical Neurology International 15 (February 16, 2024): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_929_2023.

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Background: Primary optic nerve and chiasmal germinomas are very rare. These lesions can commonly be mistaken for optic pathway gliomas based on imaging alone. It is radiosensitive and cured in most of the cases. Case Description: We report a rare case of a 13-year-old boy with primary bilateral optic nerves and chiasmal germinoma who underwent partial surgical resection followed by radiotherapy. Follow-up brain imaging after two months post-radiotherapy showed interval regression of the tumor. Our literature review identified that 12 reported cases of primary anterior visual pathway germinoma

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Kieu, Hung Dinh, Duong Van Dang, and Tam Duc Le. "Late recurrence of primary cerebellar germinoma at unusual site after complete response to radiotherapy." Surgical Neurology International 12 (November 2, 2021): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_663_2021.

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Background: The primary cerebellar germinoma is exceptional and difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Its recurrence at the middle cranial fossa after complete response to radiotherapy is unique and associated with a poor prognosis. This article aims to report the successful management of the late recurrence of primary cerebellar germinoma at an unusual site after 4 years of complete response to radiotherapy. Case Description: A 22-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with complaints of severe headache and loss of balance. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a triventricular hy

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Sawamura, Yutaka, Nicolas de Tribolet, Nobuaki Ishii, and Hiroshi Abe. "Management of primary intracranial germinomas: diagnostic surgery or radical resection?" Journal of Neurosurgery 87, no. 2 (1997): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1997.87.2.0262.

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✓ Because intracranial germinomas are readily curable with radiation and chemotherapy or radiation therapy alone, the role of radical surgery has become debatable. This study assesses the optimum degree of surgical resection for intracranial germinomas. Twenty-nine patients who underwent surgery for germinoma were retrospectively analyzed (male/female ratio 27:2, median age 18 years). Among these 29 patients there were 10 solitary pineal, seven solitary neurohypophyseal/hypothalamic, and 12 multifocal or disseminated tumors. Biopsy samples were obtained in 16 patients (stereotactically in eigh

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Saundt Yu, Llarx, Oliver Ryan Malilay, and Joseph Erroll Navarro. "NCMP-04. IMPLANTATION METASTASIS FOLLOWING BIOPSY OF THALAMIC GERMINOMA – A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE." Neuro-Oncology 26, Supplement_8 (2024): viii217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noae165.0857.

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Abstract Germ cell tumors commonly develop in the pineal and suprasellar regions, with the most common germ cell tumor being germinomas. In this report, a 22-year-old male presented with progressive right-sided weakness and his imaging was consistent a thalamic high grade glioma. A stereotactic biopsy was performed, revealing a germinoma, but radiation therapy was not done and patient was lost to follow up. He was readmitted due to ulcerative tumor growth at the previous skin incision, and imaging revealed tumor progression with implantation metastasis along the tract of the previous biopsy. T

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Valentim Monte Alto, Débora, Lívio Leite Barros, Pedro Lucas Grangeiro de Sá Barreto Lima, et al. "Distonia-Parkinsonismo como manifestação inicial de germinoma intracraniano." Revista Neurociências 33 (July 10, 2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2025.v33.20034.

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Introduction. Dystonia-parkinsonism in young patients is a rare condition with a variety of aetiologies, including genetic and metabolic causes and, less commonly, intracranial tumours. Objectives. To describe a case of an atypical presentation of an intracranial germinoma. Method. This study describes a case report, imaging studies and therapeutic approach of a patient with dystonia-parkinsonism and a diagnosis of intracranial germinoma. Case report. Male, 17 years old, 3 years history of abnormal posture of the right arm followed by bradykinesia and gait changes. The patient developed polydi

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Arakawa, Yoshiki, Etsuko Yamamoto, Katsutsugu Umeda, et al. "NCOG-35. THE LATE INTRACRANIAL ADVERSE EVENTS OCCUR MORE FREQUENTLY IN INTRACRANIAL GERMINOMAS TREATED WITH HIGH DOSE RADIOTHERAPY." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (2021): vi159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.625.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE The standard treatment for intracranial germinoma has been radiotherapy covering the whole ventricle together with chemotherapy. Radiotherapy is important, but it is a cause of the late brain damages. Therefore, the recent clinical trials have been planned to evaluate the reduced radiation dose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intracranial adverse events in the patients with intracranial germinomas treated in our hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS 65 patients were diagnosed as intracranial germinoma. Patients with hCG &gt; 100 IU/l and/or AFP &gt; 10 ng/ml were

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Shatara, Margaret, Mohammad H. Abu-Arja, Shannon MacDonald, et al. "GCT-05. Multi-institutional analysis of treatment modalities in metastatic germinoma in children." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_1 (2022): i54—i55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac079.199.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Primary intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare heterogeneous tumors, with germinoma accounting for two-thirds of cases. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with response-based reduced radiotherapy dose and field has become the standard management of localized CNS germinomas, however, treatment of primary metastatic disease has remained controversial. Furthermore, there is limited published research on the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in primary metastatic germinoma. METHODS: We performed a retrospective multi-institutional data collection and analysis of patients diagnosed

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Shinoda, Jun, Yoshiaki Miwa, Noboru Sakai, et al. "Immunohistochemical study of placental alkaline phosphatase in primary intracranial germ-cell tumors." Journal of Neurosurgery 63, no. 5 (1985): 733–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1985.63.5.0733.

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✓ Indirect immunoperoxidase staining by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique was carried out on 23 human primary intracranial germ-cell tumors (17 germinomas, one embryonal carcinoma, one yolk-sac tumor, three teratomas, and one teratoma with embryonal carcinoma) and on six human primary pineal nongerm-cell tumors (one pineocytoma, two pineoblastomas, two astrocytomas, and one glioblastoma multiforme). The technique used specific rabbit antisera against placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Thirteen of 17 intracranial g

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Dassi, Natália, Mohamed S. Abdelbaki, and Andrea M. Cappellano. "GCT-09. VENTRICULAR RELAPSES OF INTRACRANIAL GERM CELL TUMORS FOLLOWING FOCAL RADIOTHERAPY." Neuro-Oncology 26, Supplement_4 (2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noae064.264.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs) require treatment involving combinations of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. The radiotherapy field is typically focal in Europe and craniospinal in North America. Unlike germinomas, there are conflicting results for the effectiveness of ventricular field irradiation, and there is not enough data documenting the histology and tumor markers for tumors that relapse along the ventricles in patients who receive focal irradiation. METHODS We performed a literature review for English-language literature from 1998 to 2024 to to a

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Takami, Hirokazu, Tomonari Suzuki, Kazuhiko Takabatake, et al. "PEDT-10 PHASE II TRIAL OF PATHOLOGY-BASED THREE-GROUP TREATMENT STRATIFICATION FOR PATIENTS WITH CNS GERM CELL TUMORS: A LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP STUDY." Neuro-Oncology Advances 4, Supplement_3 (2022): iii11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdac167.038.

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Abstract Background Phase II clinical trial funded by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare from 1995 to 2003 evaluated efficacy of pathology-based three-group treatment stratification for CNS germ cell tumors (GCTs). We here present long-term follow-up results. Methods Total 228 cases were registered. Germinoma was treated with carboplatin+etoposide (CARE) and extended-local irradiation, local irradiation was added for intermediate-prognosis-group, and poor-prognosis-group was treated with ifosfamide+cisplatin+etoposide (ICE) and whole-brain or craniospinal irradiation. Results Mean/median a

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Ghosh, Kaushik, Paromita Bhattacharya, Muhammed Imran Ahmad Quereshi, Sarmistha Mukhopadhyay, and Ambarish Bhattacharya. "Intracranial germ-cell tumor with synchronous lesions in the pineal and suprasellar regions: A rare case of hypopituitarism." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 13, no. 3 (2022): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v13i3.41976.

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Germinomas represent the most frequent tumor type in the pineal region and the synchronous involvement in the suprasellar region, known as bifocal disease, is increasingly recognized. Synchronous primary intracranial germ cell tumors are rare. Among all germ cell tumors, only 5–10% are found as synchronous lesions in pineal and suprasellar regions. They are also known by the entity “double mid-line atypical teratoma.” An adolescent male with phenotypic features of delayed puberty presents with features of hypopituitarism and raised intracranial tension. He was subsequently treated with hormona

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Kaushik Ghosh, Paromita Bhattacharya, Muhammed Imran Ahmad Quereshi, Sarmistha Mukhopadhyay, and Ambarish Bhattacharya. "Intracranial germ-cell tumor with synchronous lesions in the pineal and suprasellar regions: A rare case of hypopituitarism." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 13, no. 3 (2022): 172–75. https://doi.org/10.71152/ajms.v13i3.3925.

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Germinomas represent the most frequent tumor type in the pineal region and the synchronous involvement in the suprasellar region, known as bifocal disease, is increasingly recognized. Synchronous primary intracranial germ cell tumors are rare. Among all germ cell tumors, only 5–10% are found as synchronous lesions in pineal and suprasellar regions. They are also known by the entity “double mid-line atypical teratoma.” An adolescent male with phenotypic features of delayed puberty presents with features of hypopituitarism and raised intracranial tension. He was subsequently treated with hormona

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Hrachova, Maya, Mari Perez Rosenthal, and Kong Xiao-Tang. "RARE-11. SELLAR GERMINOMA MASQUERADING FOR SIX YEARS AS AUTOIMMUNE HYPOPHYSITIS IN A 16-YEAR-OLD GIRL WITHOUT DIABETES INSIPIDUS." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (2019): vi223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.934.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION Germinomas are rare malignant intracranial neoplasms which most commonly occur in young males in the pineal and suprasellar region. Less commonly, germinomas arise in the sellar region, where there is slight female predominance. Diagnostic challenges may arise, as autoimmune hypophysitis has similar clinical, imaging and histopathological features to germinoma. CASE REPORT: A 16-year-old girl (46, XX) presented with primary amenorrhea, failure of sexual development and growth delay. Stimulation tests confirmed panhypopituitarism except diabetes insipidus. Infectious and r

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Ge, Jing-Jing, Cheng Li, Feng-Jun Xue, et al. "EPID-36. CLINICAL FEATURES OF 614 PRIMARY INTRACRANIAL GERM CELL TUMORS: AN 15-YEAR EXPERIENCE OF A SINGLE CENTER IN CHINA." Neuro-Oncology 26, Supplement_8 (2024): viii146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noae165.0572.

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Abstract Incidence of primary intracranial germ cell tumors (ICGCT) in Asian countries is higher than Western countries. This study aims to describe the characteristics of ICGCT patients in China. Data on all patients with ICGCT who were seen at the Department of Neuro-oncology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University from 2007 to 2022 were collected retrospectively. Patient demographics, disease characteristics and treatment outcomes were analyzed. A total of 614 patients were identified, with 309 germinomas and 305 non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCT). The median age at diagno

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Badaloni, Maria Eugenia, Romina Argañaraz, and Carlos Rugilo. "Presentación atípica de un germinoma del sistema nervioso central en un paciente pediátrico. Presentación de caso." Revista colombiana de radiología 35, no. 1 (2024): 6130–34. https://doi.org/10.53903/01212095.304.

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Introducción: Los germinomas, aunque infrecuentes, son los tumores de células germinales más comunes en el sistema nervioso central (SNC) pediátrico. A diferencia de otros tumores de células germinales, no alteran los niveles hormonales en sangre o líquido cefalorraquídeo. Típicamente, se localizan en la glándula pineal y la región selar-supraselar, y se observan como masas expansivas. Raramente afectan la visión, a menos que estén acompañados de hipertensión intracraneal. Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir una presentación atípica de un germinoma del SNC que se manifiesta co

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Adachi, Koji, Shinichi Ansai, Fumio Yamaguchi, Yumi Igarashi, and Akio Morita. "BT-09 Anhidrosis in neurohypophyseal germinoma treated with CBDCA and VP-16." Neuro-Oncology Advances 2, Supplement_3 (2020): ii20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdaa143.087.

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Abstract Introduction: Acquired generalized anhidrosis (AGA) is the disease with non-congenital, non-segmented diffuse sweating dysfunction and is associated with neurological signs and dysautonomia except for anhidrosis. Here we have experienced 2 cases of AGA in the patient with neurohypophyseal germinoma after carboplatin (CBDCA) plus etoposide (VP-16) (CARE) therapy. Relationship of AGA to neurohypophyseal germinomas and their treatment is discussed. Cases: We experienced two young (26 y/o and 27 y/o) female neurohypophyseal germinoma cases of anhidrosis. They received CARE as chemotherapy

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Huang, Tzuu-Yuan, Jun-ichi Kuratsu, Hideo Takeshima, Toru Nishi, and Yukitaka Ushio. "Expression of CD44 adhesion molecules in intracranial germinomas." Neurosurgical Focus 5, no. 1 (1998): E5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.1998.5.1.6.

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Adhesion molecules play a role in tumor growth, invasiveness, and the metastatic process. The expression of CD44 adhesion molecules in 11 intracranial germinoma specimens was investigated using anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody and immunohistochemical methods. In six of 11 specimens studied, CD44 antibodies were bound to the membrane of tumor cells; in five of six specimens, CD44 antigen was also present in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. The only three patients who showed CD44-positive expression in tumor cells, lymphocytes, and extracellular matrix (ECM) exhibited either cerebrospinal fluid dissem

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Khaiman, Chusana, Piti Techavichit, Chinachote Teerapakpinyo, and Shanop Shuangshoti. "GCT-13. KRAS MUTATION IN PEDIATRIC INTRACRANIAL GERM CELL TUMORS." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_1 (2022): i57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac079.207.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Intracranial germ cell tumors (IGCTs) are rare, highly curable neoplasms. KRAS is a gene in the KIT/RAS signaling pathway, and KRAS mutations were reported in patients diagnosed with IGCTs. OBJECTIVES: To describe clinicopathologic, molecular features of KRAS mutation and treatment outcome of children diagnosed with IGCTs. METHODS: A retrospective review in patients diagnosed with IGCTs at Department of Pediatrics, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital from 2007 to 2019. DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue for the molecular study. Identifi

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Baroni, Lorena V., Daniel Alderete, and Mohamed S. Abdelbaki. "GCT-28. THE IMPACT OF RESIDUAL TUMOR ON THE OUTCOMES OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM GERMINOMA." Neuro-Oncology 26, Supplement_4 (2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noae064.283.

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Abstract BACKGROUND The inclusion of chemotherapy in the treatment backbone of central nervous system germinoma has helped reduce the field and dose of radiotherapy. Typically, patients wirh residual disease after chemotherapy are treated with higher doses of radiotherapy, which may not be necessary. Hence, we aimed to assess the impact of residual disease at different points during therapy on the outcomes of germinoma patients. METHODS We performed an extensive review of all germinoma patients diagnosed at Hospital Garrahan in Argentina over the last 20 years. We evaluated the chemotherapy re

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Miyanohara, Osamu, Hideo Takeshima, Masatomo Kaji, et al. "Diagnostic significance of soluble c-kit in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with germ cell tumors." Journal of Neurosurgery 97, no. 1 (2002): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2002.97.1.0177.

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Object. Overexpression of the protooncogene c-kit has been suggested in a gonadal germ cell tumor (GCT). Recently, the soluble isoform of c-kit (s-kit) has been expressed in a variety of cell types. The goal of this study was to investigate the expression of c-kit and the clinical significance of s-kit in patients with GCTs. Methods. The authors first conducted an immunohistochemical investigation of the expression of the c-kit protein in 27 surgical specimens. In all 18 specimens that contained germinomas, c-kit was diffusely expressed on the cell surface of the germinoma cells, but was not f

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Jabłońska, I., M. Miszczyk, E. Nowicka, Magrowski, and R. Tarnawski. "P06.04 Tertiary center experience in the treatment of intracranial germinoma." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_2 (2021): ii24—ii25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab180.082.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Intracranial germinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm, accounting for approximately two-thirds of central nervous system germ cell tumors, which occurs in the suprasellar region, pineal gland, or basal nuclei in children and young adolescents. Due to the rare occurrence, there is relatively high variability in treatment modalities. This article aims to assess the symptoms, and treatment outcomes of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for intracranial germinoma, based on tertiary center experience. METHODS The study includes retrospectively gathered data from 35 consecutive patients

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Hoffman, Harold J., Hiroshi Otsubo, E. Bruce Hendrick, et al. "Intracranial germ-cell tumors in children." Journal of Neurosurgery 74, no. 4 (1991): 545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1991.74.4.0545.

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✓ All patients with confirmed intracranial germ-cell tumors treated at the Hospital of Sick Children during the period January, 1952, to December, 1989, were reviewed. Of the 51 tumors reviewed, 16 were located in the suprasellar region, 32 in the pineal region, and three in both the pineal and the suprasellar regions. Forty-nine patients underwent surgical resection which was total in seven and partial in 20, and consisted of a biopsy in 22. Two patients were managed on the basis of serum and cerebrospinal fluid markers. Surgical tools such as the operating microscope, the ultrasonic surgical

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Kanamori, Masayuki, Ryuta Saito, Yukihiko Sonoda, Toshihiro Kumabe, and Teiji Tominaga. "GCT-35. SALVAGE CRANIOSPINAL IRRADIATION FOR RECURRENT GERMINOMAS." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_3 (2020): iii335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.254.

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Abstract BACKGROUND The treatment strategies for recurrence has not been established. PURPOSE To clarify the tumor control and complications of salvage craniospinal irradiation (CSI) for recurrent germinoma. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical record. Among 153 germinomas treated in Tohoku University Hospital since 1983, 22 had recurrence of germinoma. At first recurrence, 7 cases received CSI, whereas 15 cases did chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy other than craniospinal field (non- CSI). CSI was performed at 24 Gy/ 12 fractions or 30 Gy/ 25 fractions. RESULTS CSI had statisti

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Nath, Jyotiman, Partha S. Roy, Gautam Sarma, Biswajit Sarma, and Duncan Khanikar. "Pineal gland germinoma with spinal drop metastases: A case report and review of literature." Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 19, Suppl 2 (2023): S904—S908. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_657_22.

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ABSTRACT Germ cell tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) is an infrequent entity consisting of only 0.2%–1.7% of all primary CNS tumors. The pineal gland is the commonest location of CNS germinoma. Traditionally, radiotherapy alone has been used to treat localized pineal germinoma, which has delivered a very high cure rate. Spinal drop metastases from pineal germinoma can develop after a long time from diagnosis and primary treatment. Currently, craniospinal irradiation is the standard of care in metastatic pineal germinoma with spinal drop metastases along with systemic chemotherapy. Very

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Veronica Giron, Ana, Patricia Calderon, Estuardo Pineda, et al. "LINC-22. Primary central nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumors (GCT) in Central America and the Caribbean region: an AHOPCA 20-year experience." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_1 (2022): i167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac079.621.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Primary CNS GCT are rare neoplasms in pediatrics. Treatment depends on histological subtype and extent of disease. Overall survival (OS) is above 85% in high-income countries (HIC). OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience in treating CNS GCT in 4 of 8 countries, members of AHOPCA (Asociación de Hemato-Oncología Pediátrica de Centro América) and 5-year OS. DESIGN/METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients treated for CNS GCT. Epidemiological, clinical characteristics, histology, treatment modalities and outcome were analyzed. RESULTS: From 2001 to 2021, 45

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Shatara, Margaret, Subodh Selukar, Tong Lin, et al. "GCT-06. THE OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH DISSEMINATED GERMINOMA TREATED ON ACNS0232: A REPORT FROM THE CHILDREN’S ONCOLOGY REPORT." Neuro-Oncology 26, Supplement_4 (2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noae064.261.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Central nervous system (CNS) germinomas are curable with craniospinal irradiation (CSI). However, concerns about long-term sequelae led to investigations into neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The ACNS0232 study, a phase III trial, evaluated the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by response-based radiotherapy (RT) in patients with germinomas. METHODS Patients aged 3-21 years with newly-diagnosed histologically-confirmed germinoma were randomized to standard RT alone (Regimen A: 24 Gy CSI with a boost of 21 Gy) or neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by response-based RT (R

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Koh, Eun Jung, Ji Hoon Phi, Sung-Hye Park, et al. "Mixed germ cell tumor of the midbrain." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 4, no. 2 (2009): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.3.peds08290.

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This 14-year-old boy presented with left hemiparesis, gait disturbance, and multiple cranial nerve palsies. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a multicystic mass with hemorrhagic fluid–fluid levels in the right midbrain, suggesting the presence of a cavernous malformation. Diffusion tensor imaging showed the mass to be close to the right corticospinal tract and ipsilateral medial lemniscus. Subtotal removal of the mass was performed via a right subtemporal approach. The histopathological diagnosis was of a mixed germ cell tumor (GCT) comprising mature teratoma and germinoma cells with syncyti

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