Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gestion du risque – Simulation, Méthodes de'
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Lobos, German. "La gestion du risque dans l'industrie vitivinicole du Chili : modélisation logistique et simulation des risques spécifiques." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON10024.
Full textThe main objective of this study is to contribute to a better knowledge of the wine-growing industry in Chile regarding the development of risk management tools, the modeling of some subjective characteristics of the producers and the disposition to take out insurances and/or use public instruments, as well as the simulation of some specific risks. The thesis is structured in four parts. The first one is related to “Risk Management in the Agricultural Sector” and it includes an analysis of the main sources of risk, the definition of risk aversion, the risk management strategies and the instruments for the financial coverage strategies. The second part includes a “Description of the Wine-growing Sector” in the international world and in Chile, as well as of the high industrial concentration in the Chilean wine market. The third part, called “Exploring the Risks of the Wine-growing Sector”, consists of an analysis of a questionnaire applied to a sample of 104 wine-growers in all the wine producing zones of Chile. The growers' disposition to take risks and the perceptions of the sources of risk are analysed. In addition, the position of the wine-growing companies towards the market and the growers' perception of the futures market, the weather derivatives, the insurance contracts and the public instruments are presented. The fourth part is about “Simulation and Forecast Models for Specific Risks” in the wine-growing sector. It includes the conceptual frame of the stochastic processes, non-stationarity proofs and the formal construction of the forecast models. Finally, the conclusions of the thesis and the cited literature are presented
SADEFO, KAMDEM Jules. "Méthodes analytiques pour le Risque des Portefeuilles Financiers." Phd thesis, Université de Reims - Champagne Ardenne, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009187.
Full textGorecki, Simon. "Utilisation de modèles métiers pour l'orchestration d'une simulation distribuée fédérant la gestion des risques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0236.
Full textNowadays, modeling and simulation (M&S) plays a central role in the dimensioning of business processes in industry due to a significant increase in the number of components involved. The combination of components produces a complex system and induces a proportional increase in project risks. Consequently, it is necessary to characterize and control them in models and simulation. In addition, since the system is the association of different domains, actors must be able to perform simulations integrating specific, independent, heterogeneous and distributed components. Several co-simulation standards propose mechanisms to orchestrate distributed components. Among them, two standards: High Level Architecture (HLA) and Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) allow the association of heterogeneous components and respectively have advantages in terms of behaviour expression and time management. However, their implementation remains complicated with process management tools and a need for compatibility is always expected. In addition, joint implementations of the two standards present problems in aligning concepts and methods for a global orchestration of the two standards.In this research work, we propose the development of a modeling and simulation platform in order to apprehend in a more formalized way the complexity of the industrial context. Our objective is to propose a method and a modular tool capable of solving different industrial problems. Each research topic presented here will be treated by an extension of the platform whose role is to respond to a problem related to a different complexity:- Modeling and simulation of the risks inherent to an industrial context:We propose an extension capable of externalizing the definition of contextual risks outside of a simulation model, in order to facilitate their development and simulation.- Integration and interaction between two cosimulation standards (HLA and IMF) :We propose the adaptation of our M&S platform to the piloting and communication of the two cosimulation standards.- Modeling and orchestration of a distributed simulation :We propose the use of a graphical language integrated to the platform for the piloting of a distributed HLA simulation.These contributions are operationalized and experimented in the field of the production of mobile solar energy plants by the company ALSOLENTECH. Indeed, this company has expressed needs that fit well with our research problems, it provides us with a case study and application and exploits our work from the concepts to the exploitation of the proposed solutions
Ghorbel, Nouha. "Gestion des réapprovisionnements périodiques de pièces de rechange sous incertitudes pour le MCO de parcs de matériels : maîtrise du risque de rupture des stocks." Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/18833517X#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis thesis present a logic of modeling to define a Bayesian model that can provide for each time period, the level of stock and estimated costs of acquisition and storage and costs induced by the shortage of SP. These results are obtained as long as we provide the level of stock at the beginning of the period and the unit costs and indicated if the period is forced or delayed supply. This is in fact a black box for the user (responsible for inventory management of spare parts, maintain in operational conditions. . . ) which can transcribe the consumption process and therefore the need of a type of SP. We have explained that this black box would be an elementary block associated with a type of SP and the overall inventory management of spare parts should be possible by linking several elementary bricks, subject to the extension of this article. In this thesis, we saw how we reduced the codification of all possible consumption scenarios of SP to combine a set of indicators available naturally in the beginning of replenishment period as the RF, RR, RI,. . . We called the multiplexing step, a term borrowed from the Boolean logic used for the composition of functions in digital electronics. This concept of multiplexing allowed to make possible Bayesian inference because algorithms and tools available are suitable for discrete event simulation and the size of the state space contributes directly to increasing the combinatorial of calculation. For the remainder of this research, we give all the construction elements of particle model of inventory management of spare parts of the model (mT, s *, S) where the period T is variable in order to ensure procurement at lower cost. This approach is verified by the implementation of the model on BayesiaLab by presenting tests and simulation results. We also think about the simulation scenarios with real consumption replenishment cases to evaluate performance in an inventory management service
Taillandier, Franck. "La notion de risque comme clef du pilotage d'un parc patrimonial immobilier." Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00427702.
Full textChu, Thanh Quang. "Using agent-based models and machine learning to enhance spatial decision support systems : application to resource allocation in situations of urban catastrophes." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066256.
Full textMehri, Meryem. "Frais, performance et risque des fonds d'investissement islamiques et conventionnels : une approche théorique et empirique." Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090053.
Full textIslamic and conventional investment funds have the same purpose. However, unlike conventional funds, Islamic funds offer different investment contracts and have to invest in accordance with a set of selection rules. This dissertation focuses on developing theoretical and empirical analysis framework to explain the fixed and performance fees, the performance and the risk of investment funds. Thus, we begin by developing a theoretical analysis about profit and loss-Sharing contracts (venture capital) that face agency problems. Based on this theoretical framework, a theoretical model, in the presence of adverse selection problem between the fund manager and the investor, shows that the risk aversions of the fund manager and the investor have respectively an impact on the periodic performance fees (carried interest) during the bargaining stage. The conclusions of this model lead us to empirically explain the terms of compensation and profit-Sharing, the performance and the risk of funds. To achieve our objective, we create a unique database that has an international sample of Islamic and conventional funds grouped by management company. By distinguishing between Islamic and conventional funds, the legal, political and economic conditions explain their fees, performance and risk
Petronijevic, Jelena. "Maîtrise globale des risques dans un projet de développement de produit." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE034.
Full textDevelopment projects, with their processes from design to manufacturing, aim to deliver a product with desired characteristics. Global risk management in the product development should, then, consider all the mentioned aspects: from process to final product. Unfortunately, this is often not the case. The thesis, hence, aims at representing project and process risks and their interactions. The proposed model includes interactions within development process and its product individually, but also those related to FBS framework. The solution focuses on risk assessment and presents identification, analysis and evaluation of risks. Simulator has been developed for risk evaluation. This tool is based on multi-agent technology, fuzzy cognitive maps, epidemiological simulation and design theory. The solution provides comprehensive process-product view on risk management. It enables bottom-up and, both, qualitative and quantitative risk representation. Monte Carlo, multi-view and “what if” analysis provide global risk evaluation
Fréalle, Noémie. "Formation à la gestion de crise à l’échelle communale : méthode d’élaboration et de mise en œuvre de scénarios de crise crédibles, pédagogiques et interactifs." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01860781.
Full textCrisis management cannot be improvised, especially when the stakes are high. To cope with the consequences of crisis, it is recommended that members of crisis units be trained. In order to train them, the crisis simulation seems to be an ideal tool, because it enables to train a whole group and to provide a crisis management experience to the trainees. However, it seems that the credibility, the educational scope and the interactivity of the scenarios deployed in these simulations are called into question. The research work endeavor to improve the development and the implementation of crisis scenarios during simulation at town level. To achieve this objective, four elements are studied: crisis management processes, educational concepts, scenarios used in current crisis management training and serious games. This allows to define that it necessary to improve the execution devices to implement more credible, educational and interactive scenarios. The proposed method, based on an empirical approach through the implementation of 21 pilot exercises involving 280 trainees, is structured into four steps: (i) the definition of the execution parameters, (ii) the characterization of the data needed by the facilitators, (iii) the modelling of the circulation of information between the facilitators and (iv) the structuring of a shared medium for facilitators. The experimental framework and protocol allow to analyze the first results to confirm the interest of the method in a crisis management training context
Aloui, Saber. "Contribution à la modélisation et l'analyse du risque dans une organisation de santé au moyen d'une approche système." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204007.
Full textUn Centre Hospitalier (CH) est considéré comme une entreprise de service particulière nécessitant des outils d'aide au pilotage spécifiques. La mission essentielle est effectivement d'assurer la sécurité du patient et la qualité des soins liés à tout acte médical. Cette mission est soumise à des contraintes toujours plus strictes d'ordre médical, éthique, social, financier, légal ou même politique. De ce fait, il est aisé de constater que l'organisation d'un CH s'inspire désormais de plus en plus des organisations industrielles recentrées autour de la notion de client. Le pilotage doit donc prendre en compte toutes ces contraintes et la nature même du client qu'est le patient. Ce travail de recherche consiste à exploiter les concepts, méthodes et outils de la Modélisation d'Entreprise et de l'Ingénierie Système, pour les appliquer à la maîtrise des risques dans le milieu hospitalier, et en particulier au Circuit du Médicament. Ce travail vise plusieurs objectifs:
- il s'agit de représenter le système sociotechnique complexe hôpital avec ses particularités, différentes vues et niveaux de détail de modélisation.
- ensuite, il s'agit de vérifier les modèles dans un but d'analyse des risques.
Kanj, Hassan. "Contribution to risk analysis related to the transport of hazardous materials by agent-based simulation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT060/document.
Full textDangerous Goods Transport (DGT) represents a source of danger to the crossed areas. This danger can produce serious consequences for the environment, property or human beings. Due to the importance of these products (gasoline, first material, medicines) in everyday life and the increasing demand on these products, it is important to analyze and assess the level of risk related to DGT in order to minimize it. This risk depends on the followed route, the quantity of transported products, the time of day, the weather conditions and the population density of crossed areas. It is characterized by the targets that are exposed for a given time, and by the risk level that varies with time and space.The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate and assess the risk level related to an accident and especially risk related to DGT. Several methods to calculate the risk level, related to DGT, have been proposed in the literature. In most of these methods, the temporal aspect has not been taken explicitly into account in spite of its importance. Indeed, the volume of traffic, the building occupancy rates or weather conditions could greatly change depending on the time of day.The first part of this thesis summarizes the state of the art on risk analysis. Next, we present two approaches for assessing risk related to DGT systems: the former serves to evaluate the risk level of an accident and it is based on Monte Carlo Simulation, while the latter aims at assessing the risk level along a trajectory.The second part focuses on the temporal aspect and due to the complexity of our system (several entities, distributed systems, entities with multiple levels of abstraction, etc.), we are turned to a multi-agent simulation approach and we define a meta-model agent with a risk facet, a generic facet. This facet allows us to represent the risk analysis and failure propagation in an agent model.The third part of this thesis illustrates a proposed approach to assess the risk level related to DGT. Firstly, we propose formulas to assess the accident frequency and severity. Then, we present the implementation of both simulation approaches proposed in the first part using the agent based model proposed in the second part. Secondly, as decision-making is affected by the economic and temporal aspects (cost of shipping and travel time), we are facing a multi-criteria decision making problem (MCDM). In addition, to take into account the fact that several parameters used in risk analysis are uncertain, we have used fuzzy numbers. Next, we have proposed an approach, which integrates MCDM methods with fuzzy numbers, to identify the best route for DGT among a set of alternatives. The purpose of this approach is to provide decision support for decision makers such as, public authorities and emergency services in case of emergency.A simulation tool is developed in Eclipse, which allows us to analyze the level of risk and realizes maps that show the instantaneous position of the truck with the impacted areas in the case of accident. This work is a part of the GEOTRANS-MD project
Fang, Yiping. "Critical infrastructure protection by advanced modelling, simulation and optimization for cascading failure mitigation and resilience." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0013/document.
Full textContinuously increasing complexity and interconnectedness of modern critical infrastructures, together with increasingly complex risk environments, pose unique challenges for their secure, reliable, and efficient operation. The focus of the present dissertation is on the modelling, simulation and optimization of critical infrastructures (CIs) (e.g., power transmission networks) with respect to their vulnerability and resilience to cascading failures. This study approaches the problem by firstly modelling CIs at a fundamental level, by focusing on network topology and physical flow patterns within the CIs. A hierarchical network modelling technique is introduced for the management of system complexity. Within these modelling frameworks, advanced optimization techniques (e.g., non-dominated sorting binary differential evolution (NSBDE) algorithm) are utilized to maximize both the robustness and resilience (recovery capacity) of CIs against cascading failures. Specifically, the first problem is taken from a holistic system design perspective, i.e. some system properties, such as its topology and link capacities, are redesigned in an optimal way in order to enhance system’s capacity of resisting to systemic failures. Both topological and physical cascading failure models are applied and their corresponding results are compared. With respect to the second problem, a novel framework is proposed for optimally selecting proper recovery actions in order to maximize the capacity of the CI network of recovery from a disruptive event. A heuristic, computationally cheap optimization algorithm is proposed for the solution of the problem, by integrating foundemental concepts from network flows and project scheduling. Examples of analysis are carried out by referring to several realistic CI systems
Sendon, Perez Juan Alejandro. "Risk minimization through metrology in semiconductor manufacturing." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEM022.
Full textThis thesis consists in analyzing the different properties of metrology workshops, proposing novel approaches to optimize sampling rates and developing new dynamic strategies for risk reduction in semiconductor manufacturing.A thorough analysis of metrology workshops in the site of Rousset of STMicroelectronics has been carried out. Their physical properties and also their characteristics, such as measure qualification, lot sampling and dispatching strategy and risk levels, are considered. Also, a new procedure is developed that helps to determine which sampling strategy fits better according to the metrology workshop characteristics and risk values.New approaches are then proposed to optimize the sampling rates for different types of metrology tools respecting the metrology capacity and taking into account parameters such as throughput rates of process machines and metrology tools, and the failure probabilities of process machines. The numerical experiments show that the metrology capacity is better used and process machines are efficiently controlled, depending on their characteristics, paying more attention the critical machines.In the final part of the thesis, simulation models of several metrology workshops are developed. These models reproduce the behaviour of the workshops to better understand them and to evaluate the impact of proposed improvements
Fouilloux, Virginie. "Contribution à l'amélioration de la qualité et de la gestion des risques en chirurgie cardiaque. : Conception, réalisation et évaluation de techniques d'enseignement basées sur la simulation sur modèle animal vivant." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5046/document.
Full textThe quality and the risk management became, during the last decade, the main stakes within the initiatives of improvement of medical and paramedical practices.Education and teaching have to constitute the basement on which these various steps can build. In the field of health, the simulation stands out as one of the most successful tools contributing to the improvement of the practices.Our work concerns more particularly the very specialized area represented by cardiac surgery. We propose an educational tool based on the simulation from an in-vivo animal model.After a first stage to design the model and its relevance, two curriculum of training, one concerning basics and the other concerning continuing medical education, are proposed and assessed.To improve the quality and the risk management in France, a comparison with the initiatives already established abroad, in particular in Canada, is depicted.Finally, the School of the CEC comes to illustrate what could be, in France, an example of training curriculum for medical and paramedical professions in the field of the cardiac surgery
Ben, Jbara Noah. "Risk management in supply chains : a simulation and model-based approach." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI003.
Full textControlling risks is an important issue for companies. Far from being only the prerogative of natural disasters, the disruptions of today's supply chains can sometimes be caused by minor events amplified by the flaws of increasingly complex industrial organizations, causing severe economic losses.Risk management in supply chains is a recent theme and the proposed solutions are not yet able to meet the needs of practitioners. One of the solutions to analyse risks is using simulation. But, despite its effectiveness to cover the complexity of the chain, it still presents a major weakness which is the difficulty of implementation.The aim of this thesis is to facilitate and to adapt the simulation for risk analysis of supply chains. Thus, we have developed a modeling framework for simulation which enables an easy construction of models of supply chain structure, behavior and if the associated risks. This is done through the proposition of a set of meta-models and libraries, defined on the basis of the SCOR reference model. In addition, we proposed a translation guide for the translation of the conceptual model of supply chains into a simulation model and enabling testing risk scenario. Additionaly, we developed a library of simulation modules.A case study was conducted and the results show the relevance of the proposed approach
Sadefo, Kamdem Jules. "Méthodes analytiques pour le risque des portefeuilles financiers." Reims, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REIMS023.
Full textIn this PhD thesis, we are concerned by the analytically and numerically estimation for Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall for linear or quadratic portfolios with the mixture of elliptically distributed risk factors. As illustration, we provide some explicit estimation of the Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall, when the risk factors change with mixture of generalized Laplace distribution or the mixture of t-distributions. Also, some numerical tests have been done, by using dta from CAC 40 french market
Sakli, Leila. "Modélisation et évaluation des vulnérabilités et des risques dans les chaînes logistiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4374.
Full textDespite their distributed nature, these supply chains can be very efficient in the ideal conditions of production and exchange. However, their complexity makes them more fragile. This dissertation proposes models and methods for risk analysis to enhance the robustness and resilience of SCs. We analyzed this area following an ontological approach using the KOD method. Based on state of the art in the field of risk in SCs, and on real cases, we identified the indicators of the most significant vulnerabilities. From the extracted knowledge and mathematical models proposed in the literature, we built the model of a multi-stage SC using ARIMA models incorporating the randomness of the demand. In order to adapt this model to situations of vulnerability and risk, we have added capacity and positivity constraints on orders and inventories. Under the impact of hazardous events or strong disturbances, some constraints of the system can be reached and therefore, its evolution may deviate considerably from the nominal dynamics or even become unstable. We proposed vulnerability indicators such as indicators of the frequency of delivery delays or costs due to the immobilization of products. Finally, scenarios were used to represent the occurrence of dangerous events. We then got simulation results in MATLAB, which allowed us to assess their consequences for different configurations of the system, especially for strong disturbances of information flows and physical flows
Tran, Thi Thuy Phuong. "Représentation et simulation de projets de construction entachés d’incertitudes en utilisant des modèles relationnels probabilistes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0014/document.
Full textThe difficulty to manage risks in construction projects comes from their complexity. They are composed of many entities (activities, actors, contracts, resources, etc.) among which interactions exist at many levels and influence the system response. In turn, this response can influence the behaviour of some entities. In order to capture the complexity of the system, it is necessary to structure, model and share cross-disciplinary and interdisciplinary knowledge flows in a common and unifying framework. Because of this high complexity, the system response may appear as unpredictable. Uncertainties at all scales are source of risk for the construction project itself. Tackling this complexity could improve our grasp of the whole system, in order to provide more robust and efficient decision alternatives in risk management. It is then essential to propose conceptual approaches able to represent the behaviour and the interactions of system entities over the time.Different approaches and tools have been proposed to model and simulate risk of construction project as Risk Breakdown Structure, Bayesian networks, Network Theory, Monte Carlo Simulation, Analytical Network Process, etc. These tools and methods can be used to simulate the behaviour of the system, but they are inadequate for representing large and complex dynamical system because they are based on case-dependant model (i.e. a specific model has to be built for each studied construction project), the fragmented representation of knowledge, the lack of common vocabulary, the lack of generic character. Hence, an ontology paradigm is developed in order (a) to provide a common vocabulary able to represent the knowledge about construction projects and its risks, (b) to shape the structure (interrelations) between those identified database and (c) to represent construction project integrating as well technical, human, sustainability dimensions at different detailed levels of uncertainty.In this context, by coupling the advantages of ontology and Bayesian network, the framework of probabilistic relational model (PRM) will provide a practical mathematical formalism allowing to represent and simulate complex stochastic dynamical systems. PRMs extend the formalism of Bayesian networks by adding the notion of object paradigm where uncertainty attached to the system is then taken into account by quantifying probabilistic dependence between the properties of objects and other properties of related objects. To the best of our knowledge, this thesis report will be the first application in which PRM have been proposed to model and simulate construction project while accounting uncertainties.Therefore PRM is used to simulate the propagation of uncertainties existing in this complexdynamic and multi-scale system, which lead to construction project risk. A prototypal software framework has been developed to check the consistency and the viability of the concept. It will be shown how it can be used in order to predict the uncertain response of the system as well as to study how the overall response of the system is sensitive to local values or assumptions. Lastly, PRM will be applied for two case-studies (a road and bridge construction in Hue-Vietnam and another building project in France). Results show that the formalism of PRMs allows to (1) implement any kind of construction project, (2) to take uncertainty into account, (3) to simulate and predict the behaviour of system and (4) to derive information from partial knowledge
Taforel, Paul. "Apport de la Méthode des Éléments Discrets à la Modélisation des Maçonneries en Contexte Sismique : Vers une Nouvelle Approche de la Vulnérabilité Sismique." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00801814.
Full textJiao, Ying. "Risque de crédit : modélisation et simulation numérique." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002180.
Full textDuvergey, Eric. "Contribution de la méthode d'appréciation par simulation à la formalisation d'un système de gestion du potentiel humain." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10287.
Full textRenaux-Hurel, Dominique. "Analyse et modélisation du processus boursier : proposition d'une methode de gestion de portefeuille." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10001.
Full textEbguy, Yonathan. "Approches variationnelles, méthodes particulaires et calcul de Malliavin appliqués à la gestion des risques en finance." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0109.
Full textThe problems examined in this PhD deal with the general issue of mathematical risk management under uncertainty. More specifically, this work deals with three problems appearing within the field of financial risk management that are of more general interest. In the first part, bond/stock portfolio management with transaction costs is modelized. After the resolution of a class of variationnal problems with the introduction of Gamma-convergence tools, optimal strategies are exhibited and analysed. Extensions to option hedging are studied. The two next parts are specifically related to options. Thus the second part links model calibration to risk aversion : after an original joint calibration modelization, recent tools of stochastic optimization enable us to get meaningful results. In the third part, heging against variations of model parameters is studied. In particular we examine the improvements in terms of convergence speed brought by Malliavin calculus in the determination of sensitivities
Perot, Thomas. "Quel est le niveau de détail pertinent pour modéliser la croissance d'une forêt mélangée ? Comparaison d'une famille de modèles et application aux peuplements mélangés chêne sessile - pin sylvestre." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/43/25/73/PDF/ManuscritTheseTPerotVF.pdf.
Full textAppropriate tools and models are needed for the management of mixed forests. The aim of this thesis is to show how the construction and the comparison of models with different levels of detail can help us to choose the most appropriate level to model the growth of a mixed stand. We developed a family of models at different levels of detail from data collected in mixed stands of sessile oak (Quercus petraea L. ) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L. ) : a tree distance independent model (MAID), a tree distance dependent model (MADD), three stand models and an intermediate model bridging the MAID and the MADD. We ensured consistency between models using several approaches in order to make relevant comparisons. These models have given us some knowledge on the growth and dynamics of these forests, in particular on the spatial and temporal interactions between oaks and pines. Thus, we showed a compensatory growth phenomenon between the two species using the MAID. The MADD made it possible to show that, in these stands, the intraspecific competition was stronger than interspecific competition. A stand model developed from the MADD helped us to study the influence of mixing rate on production. To assess the quality of models predictions, we used an independent data set obtained by splitting our data. For example, we have shown that the MAID was more efficient than the MADD to predict individual increments. The models were also compared on examples of applications with short or medium term simulations. The proposed approach is of interest for both understanding the studied phenomenon and developing predictive tools. The different results of this work, allowed us to assess the relevance of a type of model for different contexts of use. This very general approach could be applied to the modeling of other processes such as mortality or regeneration
Revol, Jean-Luc. "Etude et réalisation d'un générateur d'illusions sensorielles : application : modélisation de la gestion des référentiels spatiaux." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10062.
Full textVersmisse, David. "Gestion de la complexité formelle et opérationnelle des systèmes complexes : application aux anthroposystèmes marins." Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0201.
Full textJ. Von Neumann has referred to it as “the science of the 21st century” ; it can be found in numerous fields, gaining an ever growing importance : the Complex Systems Theory. The analysis of the Complex Systems Theory and its applications makes it possible to solve problems which could not be tackled before. Thanks to multimodelling and simulations on computers, experiments can now be completed which were not realizable in the past. This thesis tries to answer some questions on the topic of complex systems. First we worked on the numerical integration of a set of partial differential equations in a multimodelling context. We tried to apply our results by taking examples of complex systems from the models of fisheries. Then we proposed a tool for the coupling of difference equations. In cooperation with a team of biologists and economists at the Brest IFREMER center, we developed a model of the mixed fishery of hake-nephrop in the Bay of Biscay using this tool. This work took place in the context of a biodiversity ANR project. Finally, we used a variant of PBIL algorithm in order to calibrate a series of complex systems, again in the field of fisheries, but in partnership with the IRD center of Sète
Lalande-Markon, Marie-Pierre. "Perceptions et réponses du public aux incertitudes associées aux risques de santé publique: Une investigation par méthodes mixtes." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20258.
Full textBostel, Nathalie. "Méthodes de simulation et d'optimisation appliquées à la gestion opérationnelle des chantiers de transbordement rapide." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0461.
Full textProvitolo, Damienne. "Risque urbain, catastrophes et villes méditéranéennes." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE2010.
Full textKieffer, Jean-Paul. "Les systèmes de production, leur conception et leur exploitation : situation actuelle et propositions pour une recherche appliquée en génie industriel." Aix-Marseille 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX30036.
Full textHassani, Bertrand Kian. "Quantification des risques opérationnels : méthodes efficientes de calcul de capital basées sur des données internes." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010009.
Full textApparigliato, Romain. "Règles de décision pour la gestion du risque : Application à la gestion hebdomadaire de la production électrique." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004166.
Full textGagliardi, Jean-Philippe. "Gestion des systèmes automatisés d'entreposage : simulation, optimisation et résultats empiriques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29028/29028.pdf.
Full textSahal, Alexandre. "Le risque tsunami en France : contributions méthodologiques pour une évaluation intégrée par scénarios de risque." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651617.
Full textFang, Zhong-Xue. "Gestion de barrages réservoirs à buts multiples : méthodologie et pratiques de la programmation dynamique." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20122.
Full textTomasoni, Angela Maria. "Modèles et méthodes d'évaluation et de gestion des risques appliquées aux systèmes de transport de marchandises dangereuses (TMD), reposant sur les nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication (NTIC)." Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00006223.
Full textI have developed more than one models and methods of risk assessment in hazmat transportation systems, because of the multiplicity of approach that could be followed to evaluate risk - from a risk averse approach to a consequence based approach. All the models that I have described and defined are based on the classical definition of technological risk – related to humans activity – categorized as accidental risk, where the risk is related to the failure – or accident – of a vehicle transporting hazmat matters. This risk definition is the same for the pipeline and road, but I can use different methodological approaches to evaluate transport risk. Using this basic assumption that “an accident could happened” in road as in pipeline transportation, in Chapter n. 2 I have defined what is an hazmat and which type of hazmat I considered in this study, which modalities are generally taken into account, and which of them I have chosen for my research activity, and finally, what are the relative regulations. Chapter n. 3 deal with the risk definition in the transport of hazmat, respectively, in pipeline and on road, starting from only one risk definition, based univocally on the risks related to humans activities, but exposing similarities and differences between pipeline and road transport risk definition. Then, in Chapter n. 4 the methodology use to describe pipeline risk assessment has been tackled. Subsequently, in Chapter n. 5 an innovative and technological model used to describe a DG accident scenario by road, and the population involved, has been described. In Chapter n. 6 I tackle specific models and methods of risk assessment and control in DGT by road, considering two different approaches: a risk avers decision maker approach and an optimal control of DGT flow approach in a critical infrastructure, in other words, in a tunnel. Finally Chapter n. 7, report and summarize respectively conclusions
Deschamps, Jean-Christophe. "Gestion hiérarchisée de cellules flexibles d'assemblage : concepts, modèles et simulation¨." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30269.
Full textBadeig, Fabien. "Un environnement actif pour la simulation multi-agents : application à la gestion de crise dans les transports." Paris 9, 2010. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090027.
Full textIn this Ph. D thesis, we propose a model of multi-agent simulation, Eass (Environment as Active Support for Simulation). The originality of this model is to integrate the simulation process in the modeling of the system. When a simulation is designed, the system modeling merges with its implementation in a simulation platform because (1) the activation of agents is managed by a global scheduler and (2) the action phase of agents, which incorporates the action selection mechanism, depends in part on the simulation platform. Our proposal is to outsource the evaluation of the local context of each agent and the selection of agent behavior, managing this assessment in a central entity which is the environment. To achieve this objective, it was necessary to reify the link between the context of an agent and its behavior, thanks to the principle Property-based Coordination which allows the representation and management of information related to the system components. Thus, modeling the system necessitates not only to model the behavior of the agent but also to model the behavior of the simulation taking into account the scheduling process. We built a functional architecture based on our model Eass which details the specifications that a simulation platform has to implement in order to support our model. To illustrate this architecture, two simulation platforms were developed : the rest is based on a coupling of existing tools that are the agent platform MadKit and the expert system generator Jess, the second is a new simulation plateform developed to tackle the limits to the use of existing tools. The application of our simulation model is a problem of crisis management in transport. To model the problem, it was necessary to take into account the organizational and communication constraints arising from the need to involve different services with their own protocols to manage crisis. To address this problem, an extension of the organizational model Moise integrating the modeling of the communication dimension of the organization, is used. We have added the simulation modeling, including the definition of agent behaviors, to this organizational modeling
Dumetz, Ludwig. "Simulation combinée des processus de production et des processus de pilotage : analyse comparative de stratégies de pilotage pour la production de bois d'oeuvre." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30508.
Full textIn this thesis, we designed a simulation platform to compare and evaluate production planning and order management strategies for lumber production in North American sawmills. In our context, a strategy is composed of several parameters such as the choice of order acceptance policies, allowing to accept or refuse an order based on implemented rules, the choice of planning models and algorithms used at each stage of timber production, the choice of model at the tactical level, the coordination mechanisms used, to better coordinate the operations of several distinct entities or of several planning levels; this includes the exchange of information between tactical and operational planning levels or between entities / models used at the operational level to plan timber production. Today, it is extremely difficult for a company to know which management strategy to put in place. The general objective is then to evaluate and compare tactical and operational planning strategies for timber production, taking into account the company's market context and its production parameters. To achieve this goal, we divided it into four specific objectives that resulted in three publications. In the first specific objective, we developed a simulation model to represent the generation, acceptance and sale of an order for a sawmill. We coupled a production planning module to this simulation model that is responsible for inventory management and the generation of production plans. In a second objective, we use this simulation model to be able to evaluate the impact of order acceptance policies such as Available-to-promise (ATP), Capable-to-promise (CTP) and Stock policies on the company’s performance in terms of volume of accepted orders in a product flow environment diverge with co-production. Although these order acceptance policies have been widely studied in a traditional manufacturing context, the choice of one policy over another is far from being trivial in such a context of divergence flow. We show that in this type of context, the choice of an order acceptance policy rather than another depends strongly on the market and impacts the performance of the company, in terms of accepted orders and average annual inventory. This specific objective leads to the first publication. In a third specific objective, we evaluated coordination mechanisms used at the operational level between the different activities of the timber processing process, which is a decentralized process. The previous simulation platform has been adapted and previously published coordination mechanisms such as "Two-phase planning" or "bottleneck-first planning" are evaluated using a rolling horizon in an environment where orders are generated dynamically. We show that coordination mechanisms already published and tested in a static environment perform poorly in a dynamic environment. We therefore propose another "hybrid push / pull" coordination mechanism exploiting the decoupling point concept. This mechanism is better than the previous ones by allowing a greater number of sales, as well as a reduction in average inventory. This specific objective leads to a second publication. Finally, in a fourth specific objective, we are interested in production planning at the tactical and operational levels. We use the simulation model to compare and evaluate different information transmitted from the tactical level to the operational level by simulating the production system, the planning process and the market behavior. The tactical planning level is then taken into account to establish longer-term production planning. We show that the choice of the type of information to be transmitted from the tactical level to the operational level varies according to several factors, such as: the order acceptance policy (ATP, CTP) used by the company, the extent of seasonality selling prices, or whether or not being in an overcapacity market. This specific objective leads to third publication
Merad, Myriam Mokhtari. "Apport des méthodes d'aide multicritère à la décision pour l'analyse et la gestion des risques liés aux mouvements de terrains induits par les ouvrages souterrains." Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090016.
Full textSanchez, Viera Talia. "Prédiction de comportements toxiques à partir des messages sur les réseaux sociaux." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66590.
Full textThe objective of this study is to explore three different techniques to predict toxicity online community users. Our main motivation is to help the moderators of these communities to focus their efforts on users who are more likely to write toxic messages, and thus avoid wasting time and resources by monitoring the entire community. First, we created a mathematical model capable of predicting the five personality traits of the OCEAN model (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism) and the three traits of the Dark Triad (Narcissism, Machiavellianism and Psychopathy) for auser, based on their writing style and choice of vocabulary. The experiments we performed with this model on users of the Twitter and Reddit communities have shown that there is a relationship between a user’s personality and the level of toxicity of their messages. In particular, we found that users with high values of narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy andlow values of conscientiousness and agreeableness were more likely to write toxic messages. For our second technique, we applied clustering algorithms on the predicted personality traits andon the observed language characteristics. This allowed us to show that it is possible to detect clusters of potentially risky users without having to create a profile for each user. Finally, we created a regression model to estimate the level of toxicity of users based on their linguistic attributes alone. We observed that the users predicted to have higher toxicity levels by our regression model are also those who have a very high value of Dark Triad traits according to our personality model.
Oliveira, Souza Karine Christiane De. "Simulation numérique de la gestion de mla qualité de l'eau et de la décontamination bactériologique : simulation numérique de prévention du risque des légionelloses." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX22055.
Full textXe présent a study of the annular UV reactors which belong to a complex system whose behavior is dominated by the hydrodynamics 3D flows of turbulent viscous fluids. For this study, complete models of UV radiation were used. The equations of these models depend on physical characteristics of UV lamp, geometry of the reactors and characteristics of water. The work carried out in this thesis concerns the complete numerical modeling of a system of disinfection of water by annular UV reactors, particularly applied to the combatof Legionella. We studied the prameters which influence the hydrodynamic behavior for better understanding the consequences on UV disinfection and integration between the hydrodynamics of the fluids, the UV radiation models and the kinetics of inactivation of the bacteria
Vasconcelos, Elisio C. "Outils d'aide à la gestion du patrimoine réseau d'assainissement non visitable." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR12970.
Full textBaudet, Philippe. "Ordonnancement à court terme d'un atelier discontinu de chimie : cas du fonctionnement job-shop." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT010G.
Full textLagroue, Pierre-Yves. "Pilotage d'un centre de tri du courrier : vers une approche intégrée des systèmes d'information, de la gestion de production et du contrôle de gestion." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010002.
Full textInformation systems, operations management and management control problems can be encountered while controlling make-to-order production systems whose demand is heavily random. Requirements for reactivity , flexi- bility and efficiency are linked to predictibility and capacity definition for these kinds of job shop. In this context, capacity definition is dependent upon the nature of the demand as weIl as operations decisions. Traditional opera- tion management and management control tools do not satisfy these require- ments. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology for the analysis and conception of management systems that rely on simulation. The approach utilised clarifies how simulation can be used as an integration tool for both operations management and management control. This research explains what can be implemented to respond to the needs of production managers. In addition, it also details how information systems must be conceived in order to provide the relevant information for such implementation
Reutenauer, Victor. "Algorithmes stochastiques pour la gestion du risque et l'indexation de bases de données de média." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4018/document.
Full textThis thesis proposes different problems of stochastic control and optimization that can be solved only thanks approximation. On one hand, we develop methodology aiming to reduce or suppress approximations to obtain more accurate solutions or something exact ones. On another hand we develop new approximation methodology in order to solve quicker larger scale problems. We study numerical methodology to simulated differential equations and enhancement of computation of expectations. We develop quantization methodology to build control variate and gradient stochastic methods to solve stochastic control problems. We are also interested in clustering methods linked to quantization, and principal composant analysis or compression of data thanks neural networks. We study problems motivated by mathematical finance, like stochastic control for the hedging of derivatives in incomplete market but also to manage huge databases of media commonly known as big Data in chapter 5. Theoretically we propose some upper bound for convergence of the numerical method used. This is the case of optimal hedging in incomplete market in chapter 3 but also an extension of Beskos-Roberts methods of exact simulation of stochastic differential equations in chapter 4. We present an original application of karhunen-Loève decomposition for a control variate of computation of expectation in chapter 2
Akbar, Farhan. "Essais sur "application des méthodes VaR sur le portefeuille de la dette publique extérieure du Pakistan"." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010026.
Full textJia, Tianqiang. "Vers une meilleure gestion des ressources d'un groupe autonome de fabrication." Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR4023.
Full textKing, Daren. "Effet du risque immobilier sur les rendements boursiers canadiens." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30097.
Full textBerchet, Claire. "Modélisation pour la simulation d'un système d'aide au pilotage industriel." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0133.
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