Relevant bibliographies by topics / Global spread

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Global spread'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 20 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Global spread"

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Gupta, Dipak K. "Global Spread of Radical Ideologies." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 65, no. 2 (2009): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492840906500201.

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Nordmann, Patrice, Thierry Naas, and Laurent Poirel. "Global Spread of Carbapenemase-producingEnterobacteriaceae." Emerging Infectious Diseases 17, no. 10 (2011): 1791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1710.110655.

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Northridge, Mary E. "The Global Spread of HIV." American Journal of Public Health 92, no. 3 (2002): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.92.3.335.

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HSU, S., and A. ZEE. "GLOBAL SPREAD OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES." Journal of Biological Systems 12, no. 03 (2004): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339004001154.

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We develop simple models for the global spread of infectious diseases, emphasizing human mobility via air travel and the variation of public health infrastructure from region to region. We derive formulas relating the total and peak number of infections in two countries to the rate of travel between them and their respective epidemiological parameters.
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Ash, C. "Global spread of Zika virus." Science 353, no. 6300 (2016): 660–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.353.6300.660-j.

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Ash, Caroline. "Global spread of aggressive mycobacteria." Science 354, no. 6313 (2016): 716.15–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.354.6313.716-o.

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Kassam, A., T. Friedrich, and R. Derpsch. "Global spread of Conservation Agriculture." International Journal of Environmental Studies 76, no. 1 (2018): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2018.1494927.

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L. Frank, Arthur, and T. K. Joshi. "The Global Spread of Asbestos." Annals of Global Health 80, no. 4 (2014): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2014.09.016.

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Skuse, David. "The global spread of clinical trials." International Psychiatry 9, no. 2 (2012): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600003027.

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There has been considerable publicity recently in the UK concerning the threatened contraction of the country's pharmaceutical industry. The UK currently has the third highest share of global pharmaceutical research and development expenditure (after the USA and Japan), but the costs of conducting research in the UK are rising.
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Kyle, Jennifer L., and Eva Harris. "Global Spread and Persistence of Dengue." Annual Review of Microbiology 62, no. 1 (2008): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.62.081307.163005.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Global spread"

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Venkatachalam, Sangeeta. "Modeling Infectious Disease Spread Using Global Stochastic Field Simulation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5335/.

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Susceptibles-infectives-removals (SIR) and its derivatives are the classic mathematical models for the study of infectious diseases in epidemiology. In order to model and simulate epidemics of an infectious disease, a global stochastic field simulation paradigm (GSFS) is proposed, which incorporates geographic and demographic based interactions. The interaction measure between regions is a function of population density and geographical distance, and has been extended to include demographic and migratory constraints. The progression of diseases using GSFS is analyzed, and similar behavior to the SIR model is exhibited by GSFS, using the geographic information systems (GIS) gravity model for interactions. The limitations of the SIR and similar models of homogeneous population with uniform mixing are addressed by the GSFS model. The GSFS model is oriented to heterogeneous population, and can incorporate interactions based on geography, demography, environment and migration patterns. The progression of diseases can be modeled at higher levels of fidelity using the GSFS model, and facilitates optimal deployment of public health resources for prevention, control and surveillance of infectious diseases.
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Dillon, Michael R. "Wahhabism is it a factor in the spread of global terrorism?" Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep_Dillon.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Middle East, Southwest Asia, Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Kadhim, Abbas ; Hafez, Mohammed. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 9, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Wahhabism, Saudi Arabia, terrorism, Jihad, Jihadism, Salafism, Islamism. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-80). Also available in print.
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Cox, Howard T. "The global cigarette : B.A.T. and the spread of international business before 1939." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337452.

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Bhanot, Sunil. "Implementation and optimization of a Global Navigation Satellite System software radio." Ohio : Ohio University, 1998. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1176840392.

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Nguyen, Thi Kim Khanh. "How a global trend is translated into a local context. The spread of MOOCs into Swedish universities." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388578.

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Despite the fact that Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have been seen as a new global education phenomenon over the last decade, MOOCs are still in the early stage of its development in Sweden. MOOCs are being adopted into the Swedish context through the application of translation theory. This process of translation has been a slow process in Sweden.  The aim of this thesis is to describe how a global idea is translated to Swedish context, and explore the reasons behind the slow pace of that process in that country, thus contributing to empirical research of the role of actors in the process of translating an idea. Why and how does a university respond to an emerging global idea? In the process of translating and spreading the MOOCs phenomenon at Swedish HEIs, what has been the role of various actors, and their activities involved in this process? Qualitative research is based on one case study, with abductive reasoning.  The translation of MOOC in Sweden is an active, complicated process, and involves a number of actors such as professors, researchers, government, education authorities and students whose activities actively edit, contextualize, and circulate the concept of MOOCs into Swedish HEIs. The findings indicate that the translation process is still slow and undirected due to the lack of support for management and leadership at all levels. However, indicators are that MOOCs will eventually be fully implemented at Swedish Higher Education Institutions, and will be developed as a national platform in Sweden.
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Tzan, Douglas D. ""Root hog or die": William Taylor, entrepreneurial self-sufficiency, and the global spread of American frontier Christianity." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12866.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.<br>This dissertation offers a close study of American frontier Christianity and its exportation abroad through the career of William Taylor (1821-1902), a Methodist preacher, missionary, author, evangelist, mission promoter, and bishop. In the nineteenth century, a populist Christianity took shape on the expanding American rural frontier. It embraced the religious experiences and energy of ordinary people, was·used to challenge the authority of elites, and created powe1ful new religious leaders. Through revivalism it mobilized its adherents to adopt new forms of organization. Entrepreneurial self- sufficiency, exemplified in the frontier idiom "root hog or die," was valued. In the late nineteenth century, increased global travel and British imperial expansion created new settings similar to those on the American frontier. Taylor's introduction of American frontier Christianity to six continents is reconstructed through historical analysis of newspapers, books, correspondence, and memoirs. He was among the first Protestant missionaries in California and preceded the Reconstruction-era flood of Americans into Palestine. Taylor was the first of a wave of international evangelists to tour Australasia. His introduction of American revivalism played a catalytic role in the South African Revival of 1866. In India, Taylor organized churches among a marginalized population that other Christian missionaries had disregarded. In postwar America, he led a grass-roots missionary movement to challenge his church's leadership. Taylor began missions in South America at a time when liberal political regimes opened the social space necessary for new Protestant missions. He took advantage of European exploration to pioneer new missions in Central Africa. Analysis of Taylor's career reveals a complex interplay between religious belief and social context. Taylor fused his frontier Christianity, a theology informed by the nineteenth century American holiness movement, and his global encounters with different cultures, languages, and religions into a novel and influential theory for Christian mission. In multiple settings, people who already identified themselves as Christians, but for whom that identity had weakened due to migration, social disruption, or marginalization, were most receptive to Taylor's populist, entrepreneurial, and voluntarist style of frontier Christianity.
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Cordel, Anne-Sophie. "La diffusion de l'anglais dans le monde : le cas de Algérie." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENL028/document.

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La diffusion de l'anglais peut être associée à de nombreux facteurs historiques mais elle relève aussi de la rencontre de la langue avec des phénomènes mondiaux. Ainsi, l'anglais a acquis un statut de langue globale sans précédent. Les évolutions de la configuration linguistique mondiale soulèvent de nombreuses questions sur l'avenir des langues en général et celui de l'anglais en particulier. La diffusion de l'anglais dans le monde n'est pas un phénomène homogène et elle relève de processus complexes générés par la rencontre de la dimension globale et locale. La thèse soutenue prend appui sur cet aspect fondamental pour montrer, à travers le cas de l'Algérie, que la diffusion de l'anglais dépend de la configuration sociolinguistique de son environnement d'implantation d'un point de vue quantitatif et qualitatif. L'environnement algérien compte deux langues d'envergure internationale - l'arabe et le français - qui jouent un rôle important dans la distribution des langues au niveau national. Par ailleurs, l'histoire de l'Algérie, son héritage colonial et les politiques d'arabisation appliquées dans le pays ont forgé une culture linguistique qui influence la dimension symbolique de la diffusion de l'anglais dans le contexte algérien. Une enquête de terrain menée dans les universités d'Oran et de Mascara a permis d'évaluer les attitudes linguistiques d'un groupe d'étudiants et de montrer que la langue globale n'est pas dénuée d'une certaine valeur symbolique qui favorise sa diffusion<br>The spread of English can be associated with many historical factors, but it also finds its roots in the meeting of the language with global phenomena. Thus, English has become a global language with an unprecedented status. The modern developments in the global linguistic situation raise many questions about the future of languages in general and English in particular. The spread of English in the world is not a homogeneous phenomenon and falls within complex processes generated by the meeting of the global and local dimensions. The present thesis relies on this fundamental aspect to show, through the case of Algeria, that the spread of English depends on the sociolinguistic environment in which it is implemented, from a quantitative and qualitative perspective. The Algerian environment has two major international languages ​​- Arabic and French - that play an important role in the distribution of languages​​ at a national level. Moreover, the history of Algeria, its colonial heritage and the language policies in the country have forged a linguistic culture that influences the symbolic dimension of the spread of English in the Algerian context. A fieldwork conducted in universities of Oran and Mascara enabled to assess the languistic attitudes of a group of students and show that the global language is not devoid of a symbolic value that favors its spread
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Janne, Odile E. M. "The changing geographical spread of corporate technological activity in Europe : the dynamics of corporate technological strategies and the hierarchy of innovative centres." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343345.

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Videnova, Mila, and Jana Videnova. "The Spread of the Global Financial Crisis to Sweden : Investigating the co-movement between two international stock indices." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Economics, Finance and Statistics, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-21430.

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Palmer, Ann Marie. "Muslim cultures and the Walt Disney World theme parks the spread of religious perceptions in a global market /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025036.

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Books on the topic "Global spread"

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Bosco, Francesca, Marco Musumeci, and Aniya Emtage. Counterfeiting: A global spread, a global threat. UNICRI, 2007.

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Hussain, Imtiaz, and Roberto Dominguez. North American Regionalism and Global Spread. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137493347.

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1967-, Dominguez Roberto, ed. North American regionalism and global spread. Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.

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R, Bethe Marilyn, ed. Global spread of the avian flu: Issues and actions. Novinka Books, 2006.

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Dashwood, Hevina S. The rise of global corporate social responsibility: Mining and the spread of global norms. Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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Dillon, Michael R. Wahhabism: Is it a factor in the spread of global terrorism? Naval Postgraduate School, 2009.

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Nielsen, Thomas Toftegaard. Performance enhancements in a frequency hopping GSM network. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

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Acharya, Viral V. Do global banks spread global imbalances?: The case of asset-backed commercial paper during the financial crisis of 2007-09. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010.

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name, No. Protecting against the spread of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons: An action agenda for the global partnership. Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2002.

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(Canada), Global Partnership Program. Global Partnership Program: Securing the future. Dept. of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (Foreign Affairs), 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Global spread"

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Adamo, Jean-Marc. "Global Pointers — Spread Arrays." In Multi-Threaded Object-Oriented MPI-Based Message Passing Interface. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5761-6_9.

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Bullard, Stephan Gregory. "Global Spread (October 2014)." In A Day-by-Day Chronicle of the 2013-2016 Ebola Outbreak. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76565-5_5.

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Goiser, Alois M. J. "Global Positioning System." In Handbuch der Spread-Spectrum Technik. Springer Vienna, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6818-9_11.

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Trench, Brian, and Massimiano Bucchi. "Global spread of science communication." In Routledge Handbook of Public Communication of Science and Technology, 3rd ed. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003039242-6-6.

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Merson, Michael, and Stephen Inrig. "Containing the Global Spread of HIV." In The AIDS Pandemic. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47133-4_10.

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Zhang, Wei-Bin. "Spread Education and Devouring Global Knowledge." In The Butterfly Effect in China’s Economic Growth. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9889-0_4.

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Buzan, Barry. "The Global Spread of Military Technology." In An Introduction to Strategic Studies. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18796-6_3.

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Bray, Mark, and Magda Nutsa Kobakhidze. "The Global Spread of Shadow Education." In The World Council of Comparative Education Societies. SensePublishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-650-9_11.

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Mulligan, William. "Injection: The Global Spread of Abolitionism." In The Palgrave Handbook of Global Slavery throughout History. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13260-5_31.

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AbstractDuring the nineteenth century, abolitionist movements developed from small, but vocal, movements in the Atlantic world to establish global networks, based on shared ideas and support for international agreements to ban the slave trade and slavery. The global spread of abolitionism was conditioned by local contexts, particularly religion and economic conditions. This injection essay will conclude by analyzing the impact of the abolitionist movements on the ending of slavery and the limits of their influence.
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Lewis, Catherine, and Christine Lee. "The Global Spread of Lesson Study." In International Handbook of Teacher Quality and Policy. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315710068-13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Global spread"

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Tao, Yiwei, Miaowen Wen, Yao Ge, Tianqi Mao, Lixia Xiao, and Jun Li. "DAFT-Spread Affine Frequency Division Multiple Access for Downlink Transmission." In GLOBECOM 2024 - 2024 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom52923.2024.10901277.

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Tian, Ze-Peng, Lei-Lei Shi, Lu Liu, Zi-Xuan Han, Zhou Daniel Hao, and Nick Antonopoulos. "Maximizing Influence of Nodes with Rapid Global Spread in Social Media Data Strea." In 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications (ISPA). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ispa63168.2024.00218.

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Liu, Kailun, Xin Wu, Lele Zhang, and Chenfeng Xiong. "Characterize Human Mobility in Nigeria During Flooding Season and Its Impact in Shaping the Spread of Covid-19." In 2024 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ghtc62424.2024.10771507.

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Li, Zhuofei, Fengye Hu, Zhuang Ling, Shaoqian Song, and Qihao Li. "Sensing-Communication Trade-off in Vehicular Network with Spatially-Spread OTFS Modulation: An AoI-and-CRB-based Power Allocation Scheme." In GLOBECOM 2024 - 2024 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom52923.2024.10901042.

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Douglas, Ian. "Global spread of usability expertise." In the 2008 Euro American Conference. ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1621087.1621115.

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"Reemergence and Global Spread of Chikungunya." In 3rd International Conference on Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c0915052.

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Velayudhan, Raman. "Aedesspecies: Silent global spread and sustainable control options." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.95105.

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Blessing, Jason. "The Global Spread of Cyber Forces, 2000–2018." In 2021 13th International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/cycon51939.2021.9467807.

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Hyoung Jun Ahn and Babak Hassibi. "Global dynamics of epidemic spread over complex networks." In 2013 IEEE 52nd Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2013.6760600.

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Duraisamy, Poomathi, and Lim Nguyen. "Coded-Sequence Self-Encoded Spread Spectrum Communications." In GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2009.5425827.

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Reports on the topic "Global spread"

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Levy Yeyati, Eduardo, and Martín González Rozada. Global Factors and Emerging Market Spreads. Inter-American Development Bank, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010852.

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This paper shows that a large fraction of the variability of emerging market bond spreads is explained by the evolution of global factors such as risk appetite (as reflected in the spread of high yield corporate bonds in developed markets), global liquidity (measured by the international interest rates) and contagion (from systemic events like the Russian default). This link has remained relatively stable over the history of the emerging market class, is robust to the inclusion of country-specific factors, and helps provide accurate long-run predictions. Overall, the results highlight the critical role played by exogenous factors in the evolution of the borrowing cost faced by emerging economies.
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Petrie, Christopher, and Katija Aladin. HundrED Global Collection: 2021. HundrED, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.58261/bzwy6156.

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2020 has seen the largest ever impact on education globally. COVID-19 has forced everyone to adopt and adapt new ways of teaching and learning at a speed like never before. With these current needs in mind, the HundrED’s annual Global Collection highlights 100 leading innovations in K12 education from around the world to anyone for free. Now in our 4th Collection, the goal is to inspire a grassroots movement by helping pedagogically sound, ambitious innovations to spread and adapt to multiple contexts across the world. To make this year’s Global Collection, a shortlist of innovations was reviewed by 150 Academy Members consisting of academics, educators, innovators, funders and leaders from over 50 countries.
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Acharya, Viral, and Philipp Schnabl. Do Global Banks Spread Global Imbalances? The Case of Asset-Backed Commercial Paper During the Financial Crisis of 2007-09. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16079.

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Warren, Frederika, Mariah Voutilainen, Ariunkishig Gonchigdorj, Alex Shapero, and Crystal Green. HundrED Global Collection 2024. HundrED, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58261/lvmj7741.

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Since 2016, HundrED has been working to highlight the importance of innovation in education, and the hundreds of innovators focused on improving the lives of students, teachers, and those in the wider education community. HundrED has discovered that the world is already full of impactful and scalable innovations. Unfortunately, most educators in the world do not know about the best ones to learn from outside of their local area. We aim to change this through our Global Collection each year. HundrED’s annual Global Collection highlights 100 of the brightest innovations in K12 education from around the world to anyone for free. Now in our 7th Collection, the goal is to inspire a grassroots movement by helping pedagogically sound, ambitious innovations to spread and adapt to multiple contexts across the world.
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Green, Crystal, Clara García-Millán, and Frederika Warren. HundrED Global Collection: 2022. HundrED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.58261/bdye5393.

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2021 has once again been a challenging year, with the educational provision and students’ learning continuing to be impacted globally. We have seen firsthand how education innovators over the last two years have not been overwhelmed, but have risen to the occasion and put students and their education first. This year has shown us the value of enhancing social and emotional learning, supporting teacher professional development, engaging parents in education, and teaching 21st-century skills to ensure students can adapt to a constantly changing society. We have seen that all these factors must be embedded in holistic education systems with child centered approaches that use assessment for learning. HundrED’s annual Global Collection highlights 100 of the brightest innovations in K12 education from around the world to anyone for free. Now in our 5th Collection, the goal is to inspire a grassroots movement by helping pedagogically sound, ambitious innovations to spread and adapt to multiple contexts across the world.
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Schuerger, Caroline, Steph Batalis, Katherine Quinn, Ronnie Kinoshita, Owen Daniels, and Anna Puglisi. Understanding the Global Gain-of-Function Research Landscape. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20220035.

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Gain- and loss-of-function research have contributed to breakthroughs in vaccine development, genetic research, and gene therapy. At the same time, a subset of gain- and loss-of-function studies involve high-risk, highly virulent pathogens that could spread widely among humans if deliberately or unintentionally released. In this report, we map the gain- and loss-of-function global research landscape using a quantitative approach that combines machine learning with subject-matter expert review.
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Calomiris, Charles, and Sophia Chen. The Spread of Deposit Insurance and the Global Rise in Bank Asset Risk since the 1970s. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24936.

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Heston, Roxanne. Mapping U.S. Multinationals’ Global AI R&D Activity. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20190008.

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Many factors influence where U.S. tech multinational corporations decide to conduct their global artificial intelligence research and development (R&amp;D). Company AI labs are spread all over the world, especially in North America, Europe and Asia. But in contrast to AI labs, most company AI staff remain concentrated in the United States. Roxanne Heston and Remco Zwetsloot explain where these companies conduct AI R&amp;D, why they select particular locations, and how they establish their presence there. The report is accompanied by a new open-source dataset of more than 60 AI R&amp;D labs run by these companies worldwide.
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Powell, Andrew, and Juan Francisco Martínez. On Emerging Economy Sovereign Spreads and Ratings. Inter-American Development Bank, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010884.

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This paper analyzes alternative models for emerging sovereign ratings. Although a small number of economic fundamentals explain ratings reasonably well, variations in those economic fundamentals are themselves explained by a small number of world factors. On the other hand, global financial variables associated with risk aversion are additionally required in order to explain the significant spread compression at the end of 2006. To determine whether ratings matter for spreads, the paper compares results across different methodologies, in particular exploiting differences in opinion between rating agencies. The evidence from this and previous methodologies is that ratings do matter. Finally, the paper finds that global indicators of risk aversion have become less important for emerging market spreads and that the effect of sub-prime news is less than the effect of average news on emerging economy credit default swap (CDS) spreads.
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10

Şeker, Muzaffer, Ali Özer, Zekeriya Tosun, Cem Korkut, and Mürsel Doğrul, eds. The Assessment Report on COVID-19 Global Outbreak. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.2020.119.

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"In late December 2019, a large number of patients with unknown causes of pneumonia were reported by press from a seafood market in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. This coronavirus was originally named the 2019 new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 12, 2020. The Coronavirus Working Group (CSG) of the WHO and International Committee proposed to call the new virus SARS-CoV-2 on February 11, 2020. As a result of the samples taken from the patient, the whole genome sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 was isolated on January 7, 2020, by Chinese scientists in a short time. WHO announced on February 11, 2020; that “COVID-19” will become the official name of the disease. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, director of the WHO, said the epidemic meant “ko”, “corona”, “vi” for “virus” and “d” for “disease” as first described on December 31, 2019. Such a name has been preferred to avoid stigmatizing a particular region, animal species or human. The infection, which started to spread first in China and then in nearby countries, spread to most countries later on. The epidemic soon reached an international dimension, affecting the whole world. As a result, the WHO considered COVID-19 as an international public health problem and declared it as a pandemic on January 30, 2020. In humans, coronaviruses cause some cases of colds and respiratory infections that can be fatal, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In recent years, new viral infections have been detected periodically in various countries. The first epidemic; was observed in 2002-2003 as a result of the crossing of a new coronavirus from bat origin to humans through palm civet cats in Guangdong Province, China. This virus, called SARS, affected a total of 8422 people in China and caused 916 deaths (11% mortality, however different rates are given in different literatures). The second epidemic event occurred approximately 10 years later. In 2012, the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged from bat origin through a dromedary camel in Saudi Arabia. It affected a total of 2494 people and caused 858 deaths (mortality rate of 34%). WHO has declared it as a pandemic after the outbreak and scientists are doing great efforts to identify the characterization of the new coronavirus and to develop antiviral therapies and vaccines. Clinical studies and vaccination studies are still ongoing fastly. Also, the pathogenesis of the virus is still not fully known, and new studies are needed in this regard. Currently, effective infection control intervention is the only way to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The most appropriate prophylactic regimen for patients under observation due to COVID-19 related disease is unknown. For this reason, treatment protocols should be planned by following the current guidelines. This study consists of evaluating the opinions about the history of pandemics associated with COVID-19, related definitions and the projects being carried out with the compilation of available resources, the development stages of the pandemic and the projection of postpandemic interaction so far."
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