Academic literature on the topic 'Goodman and Baron's quantitative and qualitative grading scale'

Scarring and facial disfigurement caused by severe acne can cause significant physical and psychosocial distress, particularly in adolescents. In treating acne scars, dermatologists face a therapeutic challenge. Ablative lasers Erbium YAG lasers or carbon dioxide lasers are effective, but they are associated with erythema, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, a longer recovery time, and scarring. With the introduction of fractional carbon dioxide lasers, acne scar treatment has become much more effective. PRP contains growth factors, which helps to speed up the natural healing process. As a result, combining fractional CO2 laser with platelet rich plasma has resulted in significant improvement of acne scars with good cosmetic results and skin rejuvenation. Through this study, we intend to assess the efficacy of fractional carbon dioxide laser with platelet rich plasma versus fractional carbon dioxide laser alone in the improvement of facial acne scars.To compare the efficacy of fractional carbon dioxide laser with and without platelet rich plasma (PRP) in treatment of facial acne scars.A total of 30 patients (18-40 years) with facial atrophic scars who attended the out-patient department at the Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy, Adichunchanagiri Hospital and Research Centre, B.G. Nagara were randomly assigned to groups A (fractional CO2 with PRP group) and B (fractional CO2 group). Patients in both groups received four sequential treatments, with a four-week interval between each session. A side-by-side comparison of preoperative and post-operative photographs was used to assess the clinical improvement of atrophic scars one month after the last session, using Goodman and Baron's qualitative and quantitative grading system. Furthermore, patients were asked to provide feedback on scar improvement using the patient satisfaction Visual Analogue Score (VAS).Based on Goodman and Baron’s qualitative assessment one month after the last session (4 sessions), 13.33 percent (2) of patients in group A showed reduction by three grades compared to 6.66 percent (1) patient in group B, and 60 percent (9) of patients in both groups showed scar reduction by two grades. Based on Goodman and Baron’s quantitative assessment one month after the last session (4 sessions), 20 percent showed very good reduction in group A compared to 13.3 percent in group B, and 40 percent showed good reduction in group A compared to 33.3 percent in group B. [p=0.732, not statistically significant]. Patients treated with fractional carbon dioxide laser with PRP in group A had a slightly better mean percentage reduction of post acne scars at one month after the last session (4 sessions) compared to patients treated with fractional carbon dioxide laser in group B [75.83 vs 69.34 percent; p=0.72 which was statistically not significant]. At one month after the last treatment session (4 sessions), 66.67 percent (10) of patients in Group A were very satisfied with the treatment, compared to 46.67 percent (7) of patients in Group B. After four treatment sessions, the mean Patient Satisfaction VAS Score in Group A was 2.0, compared to 1.7 in Group B [p=0.000082, which was found to be statistically significant]. The result of this study shows that combination of fractional CO2 laser with intradermal PRP is slightly more efficacious than fractional carbon dioxide laser monotherapy in management of facial acne scars. Patients receiving fractional carbon dioxide laser with PRP were more satisfied with the treatment outcome.

Aim. To study the quality of life and mental health in adolescents with irritable bowel syndrome. Material and methods. 12–19 years adolescents were examined. They were divided into two groups: 12 patients with and 170 cases without irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Grading was carried out in accordance with the Rome IV criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders. The quality of life of the subjects was studied using the PedsQL questionnaire, and mental health — with the questionnaire «strengths and difficulties» (SDQ). The reliability of differences in quantitative features was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney criterion, qualitative features — with the χ2 criterion. Values ​​p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. In accordance with the Rome IV criteria IBS was diagnosed in 6.6%. In IBS adolescents, the quality of life according to the emotional functioning scale was significantly reduced (p = 0.017). According to the R. Goodman questionnaire, individuals with functional bowel disorders also more often had problems communicating with peers (p = 0.010) and emotional symptoms (p = 0.003) compared to children without IBS, which characterize mental health disorders. At the same time, deviant mental health disorders were noted in every fourth IBS child, and every third of them had borderline mental disorders, which is higher in total than in individuals without IBS (p = 0.005). To a greater extent, mental health deviations affected the emotional sphere. Conclusion. In IBS adolescents, mental health disorders with a predominance of emotional disorders in its structure were more often recorded, and a decrease in the quality of life according to the emotional scale was noted.

<strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><em>—</em> <em>Post acne scarring is a consequence of abnormal resolution or wound healing following the damage that occurs in the sebaceous follicle during acne inflammation.</em><em> The present study was undertaken to compare the improvement in facial atrophic acne scars by micro-needling alone and combination of micro-needling with autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP). </em><em>A prospective, observer blinded, comparative interventional study </em><em>was conducted on 50 patients of facial atrophic acne scars fulfilling inclusion criteria. They were randomly divided into two group of 25 each i.e. group 'A' (micro-needling alone) and group 'B' (micro-needling with PRP). Three sessions on monthly interval were conducted and Final follow up was done at 4^th month. They were evaluated by Goodman and Baron’s quantitative and qualitative grading scale, for clinical improvement and for patient's satisfaction. Although qualitative and quantitative improvement was observed in both the groups but the improvement in group 'B' was more than 'A' on Goodman and Baron’s quantitative and qualitative grading scale, however it was not statistically significant. On clinical improvement and on patient satisfaction, group 'B' had better results than group 'A' which was statistically significant (p&lt;0.05). It was concluded that Micro-needling with autologous PRP is simple, safe and cost-effective procedure for facial atrophic acne scars. Micro-needling when combined with autologous PRP provides better overall clinical improvement. It is suggested that PRP should be considered as an adjuvant therapeutic option along with micro-needling in the management of atrophic acne scars.</em>

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of fractional picosecond 1064nm Nd-YAG laser in the treatment of acne scar. Methods: This is a uncontrolled prospective study. 32 patients with atrophic acne scars were enrolled into study to receive 3 sessions of fractional picosecond 1064nm Nd-YAG laser treatment at 4-week intervals. The laser settings were 0.8J/cm2 in fluence, 8-mm spot size, 5% coverage and 5Hz in repetition rate. The primary outcome was the change in Goodman and Baron’s quantitative and qualitative grading scale between baseline and 3 months after the last treatment. Results: Goodman and Baron scale significantly decreased after the treatments with 12,1 (± 5.51) points in mean reduction (p &lt; 0.001). There was a significant improvement in scar color, in which the red scar color reduced from 24.5% to 3.8% (p &lt; 0.001). There were 73.1% of patients improved a scar degree. The number of scars (including icepick, rolling, and boxcar scars) also significantly decreased from after treatment (p &lt; 0.001). No patient developed postinflamatory hyperpigmentation. Conclusion: Fractional picosecond 1064nm Nd-YAG laser is an effective option for treatmenting atrophic acne scars.