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Journal articles on the topic 'GORKHALAND MOVEMENTS'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Chhetri, Nilamber. "Gendered Frames of Mobilization: Differential Participation of Women in Ethno-politics of Darjeeling." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 28, no. 1 (2021): 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971521520974846.

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While issues related to collective mobilizations have recently attracted considerable attention, little has been done to explore and explain the differential rate of participation of women in different forms of mobilization. While addressing the issues of gender within the charred ethno-politics of Darjeeling, this article will analyse women’s participation in two successive waves of Gorkhaland movements, followed by the recent mobilization for recognition as scheduled tribes. In this regard, the article will highlight how the overt use of violence, followed by the response of the state, contr

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2

Tamang, Sangay. "Gorkhas and their Land." HIMALAYA 41, no. 1 (2022): 91–104. https://doi.org/10.2218/himalaya.2022.7065.

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Among the various crises that have fuelled multiple ethnic movements in India, the crisis of ‘land’ is one of the most fundamental yet understudied domains in the study of ethnicity and nationalism. This article examines the intricate relationship between land and ethnicity through the case study of Gorkha’s demand for ‘Gorkhaland’ in Darjeeling Hills, India. The scholarship on the ethnic study has largely failed to understand the significance of land as identity and belongingness among many indigenous communities and this has created a distorted understanding of the place, community, and iden

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3

Adhikary, Ramesh Prasad. "The fearless Gorkhas: Historical bravery, anti-colonial resistance, and post-colonial identity." International Journal of Modern Anthropology 3, no. 24 (2025): 277–91. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v3i24.4.

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The Gorkhas, originating from Nepal’s mountainous regions and numbering approximately 3.2 million domestically with significant diasporas in India (1.5 million), the UK (25,000), and Southeast Asia, have been globally valorized for their martial traditions. Approximately 30,000 serve in institutionalized military and paramilitary roles, including the British Army (4,000), Indian Army (32,000), and Singapore Police Force’s Gurkha Contingent (2,000). This study critically interrogates the historical, cultural, and socio-political construction of Gorkha identity, challenging reductive “martial ra

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4

Rumba, Pratik. "Land Question, Ethnicity and the Gorkhaland Movement: The Political Economy Perspective." Journal of Exclusion Studies 7, no. 2 (2017): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2231-4555.2017.00019.5.

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5

Chhetri, Sharda. "Connect to Conspire: Scope of Social Media in Gorkhaland Statehood Movement." Media Watch 5, no. 1 (2014): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976091120140104.

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6

Sharma, Dr Gopal. "Crisis of Good Governance and Autonomy Movement: From Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council to Gorkhaland Territorial Administration." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, no. 5 (2012): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/may2014/63.

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7

Tennyson, M. E. "Cultural Hybridity and Identity Crisis in The Inheritance of Loss." Studies in Social Science & Humanities 3, no. 7 (2024): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/sssh.2024.07.06.

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This paper explores the themes of cultural hybridity and identity crisis in Kiran Desai’s novel, The Inheritance of Loss. Set in post-colonial India and the United States, the novel delves into the lives of characters who navigate the complexities of hybrid identities and the resulting psychological turmoil. Through a detailed analysis of characters such as Sai, Jemubhai Patel, and Biju, the study examines how colonial legacies and global influences shape their fragmented identities. The socio-political backdrop of the Gorkhaland movement further enriches the narrative, highlighting the interc

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8

Sundas, Binu. "Women’s Agency and Political Participation in Darjeeling." Buana Gender: Jurnal Studi Gender dan Anak 7, no. 2 (2023): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/bg.v7i2.6085.

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The demand for the separation of Darjeeling from Bengal goes back to 1907. The demand in the colonial period was not consistent and was limited to the submission of memorandums. During the colonial period, politics was elitist and the common people and women were not part of it. Even after the independence of India, women in Darjeeling did not take part in the movement for the creation of Gorkhaland. Their political participation was limited. It was only in the 1980s when the movement gained momentum that women started to participate. Since then women have been able to use their agency to empo

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9

Sen, Debarati. "Subnational Enterprise: Militarized Mothering, Women’s Entrepreneurial Labour and Generational Dynamics in the Gorkhaland Struggle." Journal of South Asian Development 15, no. 3 (2020): 316–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973174120987094.

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This article posits that gendered militarized labour, women’s everyday entrepreneurialism and political mobilizations around subnational autonomy are intricately linked. To understand the relationship between these entities, one needs to zero in on the generational dynamics of women’s collective engagement in upholding the martial identity of Gorkhas, and the consequences of such preoccupation on the legibility of Gorkha subjects vis-à-vis the Indian state. To locate the specificity of women’s collective engagements with Gorkhaland, I propose a de-essentialized intersectional perspective in dr

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10

P.Bhuvaneshwari and Dr.K.Nagarathinam. "Globalization and Colonial Legacy: Negotiating Postcolonial Identity in Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss." International Journal of English and Studies 07, no. 04 (2025): 156–64. https://doi.org/10.47311/ijoes.2025.7.04.164.

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Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss (2006) is a powerful literary exploration of the intersection between colonial history and globalization, shedding light on the persistent struggles of postcolonial subjects. The novel navigates themes of displacement, economic disparity, cultural alienation, and fractured identities, illustrating how the remnants of colonial rule continue to shape individual experiences in a rapidly globalizing world. By intertwining the lives of characters from different social and economic backgroundsincluding Judge Jemubhai Patel, Sai, Biju, and Gyan-Desai critiques th

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11

Saha, Biswanath, and Gorky Chakraborty. "Geopolitical Imperatives in the Eastern Himalayas: Situating the Hills of Darjeeling." Millennial Asia, November 1, 2020, 097639962095817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976399620958173.

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Scholarly discourses involving the peripheral regions often look through the binary lenses of ‘identity’ and ‘development’, which are then ascribed as the root causes, leading to the emergence of political movements in these regions. Analogies emanating from such visions entrapped solely on development deficit fall short in dealing with the interplay and intersections of history, geography and politics related to such regions. The analysis concerning the Gorkhaland Movement also seems to be trapped within such an explanatory binary of ‘identity’ and ‘development’. This article attempts to situ

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12

Mukhia, Anmol. "Identity and elites in developmental politics: a case study of the “Gorkha” and “Gorkhaland” movements in the eastern parts of India." Politics, Groups, and Identities, June 20, 2023, 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2023.2224761.

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13

Sircar, Sushmita. "Military cosmopolitanism and romantic indigeneity: Crafting claims to statehood in Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss and Easterine Kire’s Bitter Wormwood." Journal of Commonwealth Literature, January 29, 2020, 002198941989730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021989419897306.

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The world wars definitively changed the relations with the state of the peoples of India’s northeastern frontier. The wars were both fought on their terrain (with the invasion of the Japanese army) and led to the recruitment of people from the region to serve in the British Army. The contemporary Anglophone Indian novel documents the lingering effects of this militarization in the many insurgencies that have fragmented the region in the postcolonial era. Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss (2006) depicts the Gorkhaland uprising of the 1980s in the Kalimpong district of West Bengal, which dem

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14

-, Aavanish Tamang. "The Gorkhaland Movement: A Struggle for Identity, Autonomy, and Socio-Economic Justice." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 7, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i01.34815.

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The Gorkhaland movement illustrates a continued struggle for statehood by the Nepali-speaking Gorkha community in Darjeeling, shaped by historical grievances, cultural identity, and socio-economic marginalisation. This study explores the movement’s historical evolution, socio-political dynamics and its broader implications for Indian federalism. Using qualitative methodologies, including historical analysis, socio-economic review and ethnographic studies, the research examines governance inefficiencies, economic disparities and the assertion of ethnic identity as central to the movement (Datta

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15

Singh, Jenisha, and Prabudh Singh. "Resistance from the Margins: ‘Untouchable’ Women’s Voices vis-à-vis the Gorkha Identity and the Gorkhaland Movement." Journal of the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists, August 29, 2024, 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2666318x-bja00027.

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Abstract One of the most conspicuous features of the Gorkhaland movement is the development of a strong sense of community that has subsumed many diverse voices within the dominant discourse of ethnicity. However, such ethno-nationalism is also problematic as it often results in the erasure of intersecting identity markers such as class, caste, and gender. In addition, the exclusive nature of the over-encompassing Nepali or Gorkha identity has led to harmful consequences for marginalized groups, particularly the lower castes. This paper thus brings to the fore alternative voices and perspectiv

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16

Tamang, Sangay, and Ngamjahao Kipgen. "‘Land’ as a site of contestation: Empire, identity, and belonging in the Darjeeling Himalayas." Ethnicities, May 13, 2022, 146879682211014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14687968221101400.

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As the dominant narratives of ethnicity have been centered on the issues of ethnic identity and nationalism as a form of pre-given category, the invocation of ‘land’ remains marginal to ethnic politics. Many studies on the politics of ethnic homelands in South Asia has further marginalized the notion of ‘land’ in the study of ethnicity and nationalism and overemphasized ethnic identity as a dominant approach to understand the relationship between state and society. However, land is fundamental to ethnic claims for belongingness in a previously colonized society where indigenous land policy has

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17

Katawal, Ubaraj. "Colonial Modernity and the Image of the Gorkhaland Movement in Kiran Desai's The Inheritance of Loss." Critical Humanities 1, no. 2 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.33470/2836-3140.1013.

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18

Limboo, Ingsa, Diwakar Rai, and Akriti Subba. "The Role Of The State In Exacerbating Violence Among Ethnic Groups: A Retrospective Study Of Gorkhaland Movement." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 7, no. 3 (2025). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i03.45477.

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This article explores the various contours of interplay between power and legitimacy of the state. It deals with the violence used by states to its minorities but the core context of this article revolves around the violence inflicted upon the Gorkha Community of India. This article is divided into 5 parts first part deals with the state and dichotomy in violence, secondly it introduces the construction of political demand of the Gorkhas, thirdly the article has delved into cases related to the systemic violence orchestrated by state, fourthly it highlights the impunity of state forces and use

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19

Sharma, Samir. "1950 India–Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship and Regional Mobilisations in Eastern India." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs, February 24, 2023, 097492842211471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09749284221147180.

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Regional demands for statehood in India have had an aspiration towards a ‘nationalisation’ of their issues in the hopes of accommodation. In the case of the Gorkhaland movement for separate statehood in northern West Bengal, the competition among regional forces to occupy and share a ‘national political space’ from the ‘margins’ has fuelled the increasing employment of debates regarding international treaty obligations. While there are numerous factors that are the causes of regional political mobilisation, the demand for the abrogation of Article VII of the India–Nepal Treaty of Peace and Fri

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