Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Grant of parole'

En rupture avec la problematique du desordre et du vide social dans les banlieues, cette these propose une approche resolument ethnologique, c'est-a-dire culturelle des rapports sociaux adolescents dans les grands ensembles. Cela permet, d'une part, de mettre en lumiere des comportements et des pratiques originales et, d'autre part, de saisir la logique et la coherence symbolique du systeme des relations sociales. Apres avoir tente de montrer la specificite des cadres de sociabilite adolescente dans le contexte spatial, social et ethnique des grands ensembles, on s'est d'abord attache a decrire et analyser les principaux aspects du "langage des rues", tant du point de vue de la langue proprement dite (argot, verlan, langage obscene, diction) que du point de vue des interactions sociales mises en oeuvre par la parole (joutes de vannes, insultes, ragots, mensonges, jurements). La dimension antagoniste et rituelle des echanges verbaux se retrouve ensuite dans les differentes formes d'echange de violence, qui constituent un deuxieme pan essentiel du systeme des relations adolescentes. Qu'elles soient conflictuelles et soumises au principe de vengeance, ou bien ludiques et sportives, les pratiques agonistiques exercent un effet structurant sur les groupes et occupent une place de choix dans l'imaginaire. Pour finir, l'analyse globale des interactions et des pratiques conduit a s'interroger sur le systeme des valeur de cette sous-culture. C'est ici l'honneur, toile de fond des conduites exemplaires, de la plupart des conflits et de competitions sportives et artistiques specifiques, qui semble rendre le mieux compte des enjeux sociaux essentiels dans le groupe adolescent<br>Breaking off the problematic of suburbs social desorganisation, this thesis proposes a real cultural approach of teenagers social relations in housing schemes. This kind of approach is supposed to allow, firstly, to bring to light original behaviours and practices and, secondly, to understand the logic and the symbolic coherence of social relation system. The specificity of young people sociability is first considered and studied in spatial, social and ethnic context of housing schemes. Then, the principal aspects of streets language are described and analysed on linguistic (slang, obscene language, diction features) and social (dozens, insults, gossip, lies, swearwords) bases. The antagonistic and ritual dimension of verbal exchanges is also present in violence exchanges, wich constitute a second and essentiel aspect of the social relations system of teenagers. Violence may be dependent on feuds and justified by revenge principle or integrated in plays and sports. In any way, it generally produces structuring effects on the groups and is also a major element of adolescent representation system. In fine, the global analysis of interactions and practices brings questions about this subculture system of values. In this case, honour seems to be the moving force of exemplary behaviours, most of feuds, and of certain sports or artistics competitions. Honour certainly sheds light best the essentiel social stakes in the group of adolescents

Includes bibliographical references.<br>This dissertation is inspired by the age of digital media as a mode of cultural production. This project aims to uncover how social interaction is shaped by digital space and its effects on physical space. This is an exploration of an architecture which mediates between the tensions and contradictions that exist between a digital and physical dimension. I believe today's culture is largely driven by the use of digital and social media, be it Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp, Instagram, etc. Through the use of digital media, people are able to consume and produce material (online) simultaneously and collaboratively. I believe this has transformed the manner in which people communicate and establish their sense of identity. Digital media has also made way for the concept of globalisation, where people are brought closer through instant and rapid forms of network communication, thus contesting and collapsing the reality of distance and physical boundaries. According to Virilio (2012:73), “...we must at least resolve ourselves to losing the sense of our senses, common sense and certainties, in the material of representation. We must be ready to lose our morphological illusions about physical dimensions...". This indicates that there is a tension between the formal environment and digital space. In this age of digitalisation, the human artefact and its mode of communication is changing: with it, so will our physical environments. This dissertation seeks to negotiate between these two dimensions, through the architecture and its programmatic response in relation to the urban context of Cape Town city centre.

Cette thèse porte sur la participation des habitants, considérée comme un discours sur la ville et une action politique. À partir de cet objet, elle analyse le lien entre les dynamiques sociales d'appropriation de l'espace et l'engagement politique. Elle s'appuie sur une enquête de terrain menée dans le quartier nord de Marzahn, un grand ensemble de Berlin-Est. L'étude de ce cas montre que la participation politique est indissociable de la représentation politique. À la fin des années 1990, la différenciation socio-spatiale des grands ensembles de Berlin-Est s'affine avec la privatisation d'une partie du parc immobilier. Parallèlement à ces transformations, la participation des habitants devient un instrument central des politiques de rénovation urbaine menées dans ce secteur bien qu'elle soit conçue sur un mode plus individuel et moins protestataire que par le passé. Les groupes sociaux qui cohabitent à Marzahn Nord se caractérisent par des usages socialement différenciés de leur quartier qui produisent des attaches sociales et familières à l'environnement urbain. Lorsque ces attaches sont menacées par des usages concurrents de l'espace, elles constituent des enjeux potentiels d'action dont le débouché politique n'est cependant pas systématique. Pour participer, il faut en effet prendre la parole dans un espace public, c'est-à-dire manifester un bien commun aux yeux d'autrui. La participation politique suppose ainsi une opération de représentation. Celle-ci est défaillante lorsque la composition sociale du public admis à s'exprimer est trop homogène et lorsque les espaces publics disposent d'un ancrage institutionnel trop faible.

Bibliography: pages 278-301.<br>The principal intention of this thesis was to study the archaeologically excavated remains from the site of the Grand Parade in central Cape Town. The main lines of argument are centred around the question of the ceramics and how these can be interpreted to add to the knowledge of everyday life at the Cape. This involved excavation of the site, a descriptive report on the site, formulating a typological system of classification relevant to the sample, and interpretation of the ceramic data, considering its context within the local ceramic tradition and the overarching historical background of the Cape. The typological framework used in the ceramic analysis is largely based on the work by Mary Beaudry and others and the interpretive style draws heavily on the ideas about the food domain postulated by Anne Yentsch. A social history paradigm has been used to study the nature of the local evidence, to investigate how the excavated ceramics can be used to inform in one of the most basic cultural traditions involving the foodways of early Capetonians. It has been found: that the typological framework for the ceramic analysis set out in this thesis, is successful in interpreting the ceramics; that the ideological functions of the ceramics remain a less tangible aspect of recreating the past; that although the local food way tradition of the mid-18th century continues to be a complicated web of cultural interactions, through the use of a multi-disciplinary approach, the archaeological evidence can be successfully integrated with the faw:ial, inventory and other docwnentary sources; and that all the aforementioned are crucial to a better, more holistic understanding of the local Cape foodway tradition of the mid-18th century.

Cette thèse étudie la coarticulation C-à-V en français et son interaction avec d’autres sources de variations dans le but de mieux comprendre ce qui la module et ce qui gouverne la variation dans la parole. Pour cela, à partir de grands corpus de parole, nous avons testé comment la coarticulation C-à-V était fonction : 1) des caractéristiques articulatoires des consonnes et voyelles impliquées à partir de 18.5k voyelles /i, e, ɛ, a, x, u, o, ɔ/ (/x/=/ø, œ, ə/) en contexte ALVéolaire, UVulaire et VÉLaire ; 2) de la position prosodique occupée par les voyelles, en comparant le degré de coarticulation de 17k séquences CV et VC, V=/i, e, a, ɔ/ et C=ALV|UV, en position initiale de groupe intonatif, avec celui de séquences semblables en position interne de mot ; et 3) du style de parole, en analysant le degré de coarticulation dans 22k séquences CV et VC, V= /i, E, a, u, ɔ/ (/E/=/e, ɛ/) et C=ALV|UV, issues de parole journalistique et conversationnelle. Cette thèse montre qu’en plus de dépendre des caractéristiques articulatoires des segments, la coarticulation est aussi modulée par des facteurs linguistiques, liés à l’organisation prosodique du message, et des facteurs communicationnels dépendant de la situation de communication. Cependant, certains résultats suggèrent que la modulation de la coarticulation par la position prosodique et le style de parole, ont des fonctions linguistiques différentes dont les implications sur la variation dans la parole seront discutées. Enfin, une réflexion sur les changements de sons en lien avec la préférence universelle pour l’antériorisation des voyelles postérieures fermées sera proposée à partir des différences observées entre les voyelles<br>This dissertation examines C-to-V coarticulation in French and its interaction with others sources of variation in order to better understand what modulates and governs variation in speech. Based on data from large speech corpora, we tested how C-to-V coarticulation is a function of: 1) the articulatory properties of the tested segments, i.e. 18.5k vowels /i, e, ɛ, a, x, u, o, ɔ/ (/x/=/ø, œ, ə/) in ALVeolar, UVular et VELar contexts; 2) the prosodic position occupied by the vowels, comparing the degree of coarticulation of 17k CV and VC sequences V=/i, e, a, ɔ/ and C=ALV|UV in initial position of intonational phrases, to similar sequences in internal word position; 3) the speech style, by analyzing the degree of coarticulation in 22k CV and VC sequences, V = /i, E, a, u, ɔ/ (/E/ = /e, ɛ/) and C = ALV|UV, in journalistic and conversational speech. The thesis demonstrates that coarticulation, in addition to being dependent on the articulatory characteristics of segments, is also modulated by other linguistic factors, related to the prosodic organization of the message, and communicational factors depending on the communication situation. Indeed, vowels are more resistant to coarticulation in strong prosodic positions as in formal speech. However, some results suggest that the modulation of coarticulation by prosodic position and speech style have different linguistic functions whose implications for speech variation will be discussed. Finally, a reflection on sound changes related to the universal preference for the anteriorization of back closed vowels will be proposed from the observed differences between the vowels

This thesis focuses on acoustic and prosodic (fundamental frequency (F0), duration, intensity) analyses of French from large-scale audio corpora portraying different speaking styles: prepared and spontaneous speech. We are interested in particularities of segmental phonetics and prosody that may characterize pronunciation. In French, many errors caused by automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems arise from frequent homophone words, for which ASR systems depend on language model weights. Automatic classification (AC) was conducted to discriminate homophones by only acoustic and prosodic properties depending on their part-of-speech function or their position within prosodic words. Results from AC of two homophone pairs, et/est (and/is) and à/a (ton/has), revealed that the et/est pair was more discriminable. A selection of prosodic and inter-phoneme attributes, that is 15 attributes, performed as good results as with 62 attributes. Then corresponding perceptual tests have been conducted to verify if humans also use acoustico-prosodic parameters for the discrimination. Results suggested that acoustic and prosodic information might help in operating the correct choice in similar ambiguous syntactic structures. From the hypothesis that pronunciation variants were due to varying prosodic constraints, we examined overall prosodic properties of French on a lexical and phrase level. The comparison between lexical and grammatical words revealed F0 rise and lengthening at the end of final syllable on lexical words, while these phenomena were not observed for grammatical words. Analyses also revealed that the mean profile of a n length noun phrase could be different from that of a n length noun with a low F0 at the beginning of a noun phrase. The prosodic profiles can be helpful to locate word boundaries. Findings in this thesis will lead to localize focus and named-entity using discriminative classifiers, and to improve word boundary locations by an ASR post-processing step.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-11-25. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:25:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-045.pdf: 1293717 bytes, checksum: aa77a18d9ad66fac463c08766304abf5 (MD5)<br>Objetivo: avaliar os resultados anatômicos, funcionais e complicações do tratamento do prolapso da parede vaginal anterior com tela de submucosa de intestino delgado suíno (SIS) e com colporrafia anterior. Pacientes e Métodos: estudo prospectivo e randomizado para comparação do uso de tela de SIS e de colporrafia tradicional. As mulheres foram avaliadas no pré-operatório e com seis meses após a cirurgia. Os parâmetros utilizados foram: sistema de quantificação do prolapso genital (POP-Q), questionário de qualidade de vida validado (P-QoL) e complicações. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Mann-Whitney e Qui-quadrado para avaliação da homogeneidade entre os grupos. A seguir, utilizamos o teste t-Student pareado ou teste t-Student de amostras independentes. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética Local e registrado no ClinicalTrials com o número NCT00827528. Resultados: os resultados representam a análise de 29 pacientes no grupo com tela de SIS e 27 no grupo com colporrafia tradicional. Os grupos foram semelhantes consoante idade, índice de massa corpórea, paridade, estádio do prolapso, cirurgia prévia para prolapso, presença de incontinência urinária de esforço, pontuação no questionário de qualidade de vida e medidas dos pontos anatômicos no pré-operatório. Com seis meses de seguimento, a taxa de cura anatômica no grupo com tela foi de 86,2% comparada com 59,3% no grupo da colporrafia, pelo critério da Sociedade Internacional de Continência (ICS). Não houve diferença de sucesso anatômico entre as técnicas quando consideramos a subdivisão do estádio II. A média do ponto Ba, pré-operatória, no grupo com tela foi de +2,07 cm e +2,22 cm na colporrafia e, no pós-operatório, de -1,93 cm (p<0,001) e de -1,37 cm (p<0,001), respectivamente. O NNT (Número Necessário a Tratar) foi 4. Ambos os procedimentos melhoraram de forma significativa as medidas de qualidade de vida. Contudo, o grupo com tela não demonstrou diferença quando comparado ao da colporrafia tradicional. Houve 4 pacientes com sangramento excessivo no grupo SIS, embora nenhuma requereu hemotransfusão. Observamos maior número de complicações no grupo SIS (20 vs 9; p=0,01) e maior tempo cirúrgico (48,3 min ±16,1 vs 30,3min ±19,4; p=0,001). O tempo de internação hospitalar foi de 3,3 e 3,2 dias, respectivamente. Não houve casos de infecção ou de erosão da tela. Conclusão: As cirurgias para o prolapso genital resultam em melhora significativa da qualidade de vida. Observamos melhor cura anatômica do ponto Ba com tela, de acordo com o critério da ICS. Consoante os parâmetros de qualidade de vida não houve diferença entre as técnicas. Houve maior número de complicações no grupo com tela.<br>Objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate anatomical, functional results and complications of small intestine submucosa (SIS) graft compared to traditional anterior repair in surgical treatment of anterior vaginal wall prolapse. Methods: This is a randomized and prospective study to compare the SIS graft with traditional colporrhaphy (TC) in surgical treatment of anterior vaginal prolapse. Subjects were randomized to SIS (n=29) or to TC (n=27) and compared preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively. We used pelvic organ quantification system (POP-Q), a validated prolapse quality of life questionnaire (P-QoL) and possible complications. Data were compared using the Mann–Whitney test or a chi-squared test to determine that there were no significant intergroup differences. This then enabled us to use the independent samples t-test or the paired Student’s t-test. This study was approved by Local Ethics Committee and register at ClinicalTrials NCT00827528. Results: the outcomes represent the analysis of 29 patients in SIS group and 27 in traditional repair. Both groups were paired by age, parity, body mass index, stage of anterior prolapse, previous surgery for prolapse, presence of incontinence, POP-Q measurements and quality of life preoperatively. At 6-month follow-up, SIS group have 86.2% anatomic cure comparing with 59.3% in traditional repair, using the International Continence Society (ICS) patterns. We did not report differences between the techniques when we divided the stage II. The mean point Ba preoperatively in SIS group was +2.07 cm and +2.22 cm in traditional repair and postoperatively -1.93 cm (p<0.001) and -1.37 cm (p<0.001), respectively. The NNT (Number Need to Treat) was 4. Both operations significantly improved prolapse quality-of-life severity measures. Although SIS group did not showed significant improvement in quality-of-life parameters measured in comparison to traditional repair. Excessive bleeding occurred in 4 patients in SIS group although none required blood transfusion. We reported more complications in SIS group (20 vs 9, p=0.01) and longer surgical time (48.3min ±16.1 vs 30.3min ±19.4; p=0.001). The average hospital length was 3.3 and 3.2 days, respectively. We did not reported infections or erosion of the mesh. Conclusions: Surgery for vaginal prolapse results in marked improvement in prolapse quality of life. We could see that SIS repair improved point Ba measurement significantly using the ICS patterns. Regarding quality-of-life parameters we did not observe significant differences in both techniques.<br>TEDE<br>BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Abstract: In the Workshops of Circulation: an Ethnography of Logistics Labour between Greater Paris and the Venetian Widespread Metropolis. Zipper between production and consumption, the logistics warehouses, rather than a specific good, product a flow of commodities. The sector has been growing fastly in the last years, and it is usually studied from a global perspective within social sciences. The aim of this thesis is to elaborate an in depth analysis on two warehouses of the same multinational logistics company within two distinct national and regional contexts: the Italian North-East and the Paris metropolis. The thesis is structured around many research questions: How do the logistics multinational companies adapt to the juridical, economic, and social context where they operate? How do they contribute to its transformation? Which recruitment policies do they apply? What are the practices and the working conditions? The analysis is then focused on the organization of the labour process, on the specific effects that the recruitment policies and the labour-force management produce on the social experiences of local and migrant workers, on the interactions and relationships between groups within the workplace, as well as on the formal and informal resistance practices played by the workers. The research is based on an ethnographic enquiry inside the two warehouses and on a series of biographic interviews. The thesis is at the crossroad between different sociological approaches: sociology of work and organizations, collective mobilizations and the segmentation of labour market, popular classes and, to a lesser extent, sociology of urban spaces.<br>Abstract: Nelle officine della circolazione.Un'etnografia del lavoro logistico tra il Grand Paris e la metropoli diffusa veneta. Dentro ai magazzini della logistica, settore cerniera tra produzione e consumo, ad essere prodotta non è una merce in particolare, ma un flusso di merci. Il settore, che ha conosciuto un forte sviluppo durante gli ultimi anni, è generalmente studiato dalle scienze sociali da una prospettiva globale. L'obiettivo della tesi è analizzare in maniera approfondita due magazzini della stessa multinazionale logistica in due contesti nazionali e regionali distinti, il nord-est dell'Italia e la metropoli parigina. La tesi è attraversata da più domande di ricerca. Come si adattano le multinazionali logistiche al contesto giuridico, economico, sociale in cui operano e come partecipano a trasformarlo? Quali politiche di reclutamento mettono in campo? Quali sono le pratiche e le condizioni lavorative? L'analisi si sofferma quindi sull'organizzazione del processo lavorativo, sull'effetto delle diverse politiche in materia di reclutamento e gestione della manodopera sulle esperienze sociali di lavoratori locali e migranti, sulle interazioni e sui rapporti tra gruppi all'interno dei posti di lavoro, nonché sulle pratiche di resistenza formali e informali messe in campo dai lavoratori. La ricerca si fonda su un’indagine etnografica nei due magazzini nonché su una serie d’interviste biografiche. La tesi si situa dunque all’incrocio tra la sociologia del lavoro e delle organizzazioni, delle mobilitazioni collettive e della segmentazione del mercato del lavoro, delle classi popolari e, in minor misura, della sociologia degli spazi urbani.

L'iconographie de saint Grégoire le Grand (v.540 – 604) n'a été jusqu'à présent que très peu étudiée.Lorsqu'on connaît l'importance de ce saint dans la société médiévale, et plus particulièrement à partir du IXe siècle et jusqu'au XIIe siècle, il s'avère donc logique d'en approfondir l'iconographie et les enjeux qui s'en détachent. Riche d'un héritage antique et surtout carolingien lui conférant une autorité, l'image grégorienne souvent insérée au sein d'une image tripartite hiérarchisée (Dieu, l'homme et le livre), semble liée à plusieurs données: hagiographiques, scéniques, scripturaires ou géographiques. Elle expose les relations entre oralité et registre écrit, rend compte des changements de fonction du litteras et de l'importance de la mémorisation et témoigne d'une recherche aiguë du sens. Tendant à s’éloigner des bases hagiographiques, elle met l’accent, entre les IX et le XIe siècles, sur la vocalisation, puis, au XIIe s., sur la représentation des différentes phases de la vie d'un texte, de ce fait l'image est donc liée à la production du livre et axée sur la représentation de la transmission du savoir et de son enseignement dans laquelle la visualisation du savoir prend toute son importance (recherche généalogique et didactique centrées sur les vertus du saint). Grégoire, doué d'attributs impériaux l'élevant vers l'au-delà, est intégré à une image représentant l'invisible puisque Dieu reste caché à la vue de l 'homme. Cette image, à insérer dans le contexte liturgique et sensitif, fait non seulement écho aux principales préoccupations théologiques, morales voire canoniques de l'époque mais tente surtout de les légitimer<br>The iconography of St. Gregory the Great (ca. 540 - March 12, 604) has so far been little studied, despite a resurgence of studies recognized for several decades. When we know the importance of this saint in medieval society, especially from the ninth century to the twelfth century, it seems therefore logical to study the iconographic aspects and issues emanating from it. A rich antique heritage and especially carolingian giving it authority, the Gregorian picture often inserted within an image tripartite hierarchy (God, man and the book), seems to be linked to several data: hagiographic, scenic, scriptural or geographic. It describes the relationship between oral and written records, reports changes depending on litteras and the importance of storage and research shows acute sense. Tending to move away from hagiographics bases, it emphasizes between the IXth and XIth centuries, the vocalization, and then, in the twelfth century, on the representation of the different phases of the life of a text (inspiration, transcription, writing, transmission), this that the image is linked to the production of the book focuses on the representation of the transmission of knowledge and teaching wherein the visualization of knowledge becomes important (genealogical and didactic research focus on the virtues of the saint). Gregory, endowed with imperial attributes raising him toward beyond, is integrated into an image representing the invisible because God remains hidden from the view of the man. These pictures to be inserted in the liturgical context and sensitive, are not only reflected the main concerns theological, moral or canonical time but mostly trying to legitimize them

Ce travail sur la réduction segmentale (i.e. délétion ou réduction temporelle) en français spontané nous a permis non seulement de proposer deux méthodes de recherche pour les études en linguistique, mais également de nous interroger sur l'influence de différents facteurs de variation sur divers phénomènes de réduction et d'apporter des connaissances sur la propension à la réduction des segments. Nous avons appliqué la méthode descendante qui utilise l'alignement forcé avec variantes lorsqu’il s’agissait de phénomènes de réduction spécifiques. Lorsque ce n'était pas le cas, nous avons utilisé la méthode ascendante qui examine des segments absents et courts. Trois phénomènes de réduction ont été choisis : l'élision du schwa, la chute du /ʁ/ et la propension à la réduction des segments. La méthode descendante a été utilisée pour les deux premiers. Les facteurs en commun étudiés sont le contexte post-lexical, le style, le sexe et la profession. L’élision du schwa en syllabe initiale de mots polysyllabiques et la chute du /ʁ/ post-consonantique en finale de mots ne sont pas toujours influencées par les mêmes facteurs. De même, l’élision du schwa lexical et celle du schwa épenthétique ne sont pas conditionnées par les mêmes facteurs. L’étude sur la propension à la réduction des segments nous a permis d'appliquer la méthode ascendante et d’étudier la réduction des segments de manière générale. Les résultats suggèrent que les liquides et les glides résistent moins à la réduction que les autres consonnes et que les voyelles nasales résistent mieux à la réduction que les voyelles orales. Parmi les voyelles orales, les voyelles hautes arrondies ont tendance à être plus souvent réduites que les autres voyelles orales<br>This study on segmental reduction (i.e. deletion or temporal reduction) in spontaneous French allows us to propose two research methods for linguistic studies on large corpora, to investigate different factors of variation and to bring new insights on the propensity of segmental reduction. We applied the descendant method using forced alignment with variants when it concerns a specific reduction phenomena. Otherwise, we used the ascendant method using absent and short segments as indicators. Three reduction phenomena are studied: schwa elision, /ʁ/ deletion and the propensity of segmental reduction. The descendant method was used for analyzing schwa elision and /ʁ/ deletion. Common factors used for the two studies are post-lexical context, speech style, sex and profession. Schwas elision at initial syllable position in polysyllabic words and post-consonantal /ʁ/ deletion at word final position are not always conditioned by the same variation factors. Similarly, lexical schwa and epenthetic schwa are not under the influence of the same variation factors. The study on the propensity of segmental reduction allows us to apply the ascendant method and to investigate segmental reduction in general. Results suggest that liquids and glides resist less the reduction procedure than other consonants and nasal vowels resist better reduction procedure than oral vowels. Among oral vowels, high rounded vowels tend to be reduced more often than other oral vowels

La present tesi doctoral té com a objectiu l’anàlisi de la commemoració televisiva de la Victòria sobre l’Alemanya nazi a la Rússia post-soviètica. En particular, l’anàlisi es centra en la retransmissió de la desfilada militar del 9 de maig a la Plaça Roja de Moscou, el gran media event de la Rússia de Putin i Medvédev, i segueix el cami encetat per Dayan i Katz en l’estudi dels grans esdeveniments mediàtics. Tal i com indica el subtítol de la tesi, aquesta anàlisi és transversal; a part de la retransmissió de l’acte central de la commemoració, també s’ocupa d’analitzar els discursos presidencials dels darrers onze anys (2000-2010), utilitzant la metodologia de la semiòtica narrativa, així com l’anàlisi de les programacions del dia 9 de maig entre 1964 i 2010 del principal canal de televisió rus, i de l’agenda temàtica dels noticiaris de les principals televisions del país del 19 d’abril al 16 de maig de 2010. L’objectiu final de la tesi és posar de manifest les diferents estratègies que fan de la commemoració de la Victòria un esdeveniment mediàtic hegemònic a la Rússia actual i com a través d’aquest esdeveniment es constitueixen les bases de la identitat de la Rússia post-soviètica que converteix els seus ciutadans en soldats de la memòria històrica de la Victòria.<br>This thesis aims to analyze the TV celebration of the Victory over Nazi Germany in post-Soviet Russia. In particular, the analysis focuses on the broadcast of the military parade of 9 May in Moscow’s Red Square, the great media event in Putin’s and Medvedev’s Russia, and follows the path begun by Dayan and Katz in the study of media events. As indicated in the subtitle of the thesis, this analysis is cross-sectional; in addition to the broadcast of the main event of the commemoration, it also analyzes the presidential speeches from 2000 to 2010 —using narrative semiotics methods—, the programming on 9 May of Russia’s main television channel from 1964 to 2010 and the agenda of the main television news programmes in the country from April 19 to May 16 in 2010. The goal of this thesis is to highlight the different strategies that turn the commemoration of Victory into a hegemonic media event in present Russia, and how through this event the basis of post-Soviet Russian identity is constructed, turning the Russian citizen into a soldier of the historical memory of Victory.

Introdução: A utilização da técnica endovascular para tratar as diversas afecções da aorta têm suplantado as técnicas abertas tradicionais, sendo particularmente promissora no trauma 1. A ruptura traumática da aorta é a segunda causa de morte por acidente de trânsito 2,3; e o reparo endoluminal dessas lesões com endopróteses apresenta menor taxa de mortalidade e paraplegia quando comparada a cirurgia aberta, no entanto os resultados a longo prazo ainda não estão disponíveis2-7. As próteses aprovadas e comercialmente disponíveis, até o momento desse estudo, foram desenhadas para doença aneurismática, com diâmetro muito superior ao diâmetro da aorta de jovens (vítimas de trauma). Esse sobredimensionamento (oversizing) pode levar a alteração mecânica na interação da prótese com a parede aórtica, comprometendo a vascularização e aumento o risco de complicações relacionadas ao implante de endopróteses 8-12. Objetivos: Analisar, a partir de um modelo animal experimental, o efeito biomecânico e histopatológico de quatro níveis diferentes de sobredimensionamento de endopróteses sobre a aorta não aterosclerótica, semelhante às encontradas em pacientes jovens vítimas de trauma. Método: O diâmetro da aorta torácica suína é semelhante ao da aorta de jovens adultos (18-20 mm), desta forma 25 porcos foram randomizados em 5 grupos: 1 controle (sem stent) e 4 grupos de sobredimensionamento (A: 10% -19 %, B: 20% -29%, C: 30% -39%, e D: >40% de sobredimensionamento). Dois tipos de testes biomecânicos foram realizados em todas as aortas 4 semanas após a implantação da endoprótese: \" z\" endoprótese; e o teste de biomecânica propriamente dito dos fragmentos aórticos coletados. Os fragmentos foram, então, submetidos a uma análise histológica e imunohistoquímica. Resultados: Os resultados do teste de destacamento, que avaliou a força necessária para remover o stent da aorta, foram semelhantes nos quatro grupos (A: 42 N, B: 41 N, C: 46 N e D: 46 N, p= 0,881204). O segundo teste foi realizado em três segmentos da aorta. Força máxima, estresse máximo e tensão máxima suportada pela parede da aorta tiveram uma correlação negativa e linear com o oversizing, isto é, quanto maior o oversizing, menor a resistência do fragmento à ruptura. Houve diferenças significativas em todos os quatro grupos, quando comparados com o grupo controle. A deformação máxima e o Strain, que refletem as propriedades elásticas da parede da aorta, foram muito semelhantes em todos os quatro grupos de sobredimensionamento. Mas, uma diminuição significativa da elasticidade foi encontrada quando comparados cada um dos grupos com o grupo controle (p= 0,0000001). A análise histológica e imunohistoquímica demonstrou que a parede da aorta tem uma perda significativa de fibras musculares e ?-actina com o aumento do sobredimensionamento (p= 0,000198 e p= 0,002031, respectivamente). A quantidade de fibra elástica apresentou uma queda significativa independente do sobredimensionamento (p= 0,0000001). Conclusões: Os quatro níveis de sobredimensionamento estudados não demonstraram diferenças significativas no teste de destacamento. Os testes biomecânicos dos fragmentos da aorta mostraram uma diminuição na resistência da parede aórtica proporcional ao aumento do oversizing. A elasticidade da parede aórtica sofre alteração significativa independente do sobredimensionamento utilizado. Os exames histopatológicos e imunohistoquímicos comprovaram o desarranjo na estrutura da parede aórtica com a utilização de endopróteses, resultando na diminuição da quantidade de fibras elásticas e musculares<br>Introduction: The use of endovascular techniques to treat the various disorders of the aorta has supplanted traditional open techniques, and is particularly promising in trauma1. The traumatic rupture of the aorta is the second leading cause of death by traffic accident2, 3, and repair of these lesions with endoluminal stents has showed lower mortality and paraplegia when compared to open surgery, however the long-term results are not yet available2-7. The endoprosthesis approved and commercially available during this study were designed to aneurysmal disease, with a diameter greater than the diameter of the aorta of young people ( ) \" z \" prosthesis with the aortic wall, affecting the vascularization and raising the risk of complications related to stent-graft implantation8-12. Purpose: Analyze, from an experimental animal model, the biomechanical and histological effects of four different levels of stents-graft oversizing in non-atherosclerotic aortas; such as those aorta found in young individuals who undergo stent-graft repair for traumatic aortic injuries. Methods: The diameter of the porcine thoracic aorta is similar to the aorta of young adults (18-20 mm), so 25 pigs were randomized into 5 groups: 1 control (without stent-graft) and 4 oversizing groups (A: 10%-19%, B: 20%-29%, C: 30%-39%, and D: .40%). Two types of biomechanical tests were performed on all aortas 4 weeks after endoprosthesis deployment: The \"detachment\" of the stent, and the biomechanics test of aortic fragments collected. The fragments were submitted to a histological and an immunohistochemistry analysis. Results: The results of the detachment test, which analyzed the strength necessary to remove the stent-graft from the aorta, were similar in the 4 groups (A: 42 N, B: 41 N, C: 46 N e D: 46 N, p= 0,881204). The second test was performed in 3 aortic segments. Maximum strength, maximum stress, and maximum tension supported by the aortic wall had a negative and linear correlation with oversizing. There were significant differences in all 4 groups when compared with the control group. The maximum deformation and strain, which reflect the elastic properties of the aortic wall, were very similar in all 4 groups. But a significant decrease in elasticity was found when compared each group with the control group (p = 0.0000001). Histological and immunohistochemistry analysis supported that the aortic wall has a signifi-?-actin by increasing the oversize (p = 0.000198 p = 0.002031, respectively). The amount of elastic fiber showed a significant drop regardless of the oversizing (p = 0.0000001). Conclusion: The four levels of oversizing studied did not show significant differences in the detachment test. Biomechanical tests of the fragments of the aorta showed a decrease in resistance of the aortic wall with increase in oversize. The elasticity of the aortic wall undergoes significant change independent of the oversizing used. The histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations confirmed the breakdown in the structure of the aortic wall with the use of stents-graft, resulting in decreased amount of elastic and muscle fibers.