Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gray code conversion

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Gray code conversion'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Gray code conversion"

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Noro, Yuichi, Kenji Inomoto, and Kazuhiro Kuno. "Conversion of sinusoidal frequencies to gray code." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science) 76, no. 1 (1993): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecjc.4430760109.

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Lennart Johnsson, S., and Ching-Tien Ho. "On the conversion between binary code and binary-reflected Gray code on binary cubes." IEEE Transactions on Computers 44, no. 1 (1995): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/12.368010.

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Katti, Rohan, and Shanthi Prince. "Ultrafast optical binary to gray code and gray to binary code conversion based on phase modulation in Mach–Zehnder interferometer." Optical Engineering 56, no. 2 (February 10, 2017): 025101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.56.2.025101.

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Gayen, D. K., T. Chattopadhyay, M. K. Das, J. N. Roy, and R. K. Pal. "All-optical binary to Gray code and Gray to binary code conversion scheme with the help of semiconductor optical amplifier-assisted Sagnac switch." IET Circuits, Devices & Systems 5, no. 2 (2011): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cds.2010.0069.

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Avinash K, Gulve, and Joshi Madhuri S. "An Image Steganography Algorithm with Five Pixel Pair Differencing and Gray Code Conversion." International Journal of Image, Graphics and Signal Processing 6, no. 3 (February 8, 2014): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijigsp.2014.03.02.

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KENNEDY, MICHAEL PETER. "A NONLINEAR DYNAMICS INTERPRETATION OF ALGORITHMIC A/D CONVERSION." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 05, no. 03 (June 1995): 891–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127495000685.

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An algorithmic A/D converter may be viewed as a discrete-time dynamical system. From this perspective, an ideal one bit recycling binary converter corresponds to the Bernouilli Shift map. An implementation of the tent map (by means of a folding circuit or otherwise) yields an algorithmic converter with Gray code output.
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Tripathi, Devendra Kr. "Investigations with All-Optical Binary to Gray Code Converter at 50 Gbps Data Rate." Journal of Optical Communications 41, no. 2 (March 26, 2020): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0168.

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AbstractThis article proposed an all-digital code converter schematic. It converts input binary code into gray code output with an operating data rate of 50 Gbps. The design is based on exploiting nonlinear attributes with semiconductor optical amplifier, which is otherwise contemplated as cons if utilized as an amplifier. It is realized with a semiconductor optical amplifier placed symmetrically with both arms of Mach–Zehnder interferometer, and phase modulation occurs amid wings of the Mach–Zehnder structure. Accordingly, numerical simulations have been executed for the applied data inputs. Consequent gray code output patterns have been verified that resemble with theoretical digital logical outcome. Evaluations with design have illustrated impressive optical performance metric extinction factor beyond 10 dB for the imperative constituents and constraints, with semiconductor optical amplifier confine factor beyond 0.3, pump current of 0.4 A, active length of 0.05 mm, and with modulator chirp factor and on–off ratio beyond 0.5 and 10 dB, respectively. Accordingly, this investigation could be an assist for the impending optical computing complex networks for the contemporary digital globe, requiring code conversion as one of the imperative practices.
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Chattopadhyay, Tanay, and Tamal Sarkar. "All-optical switching by Kerr nonlinear prism and its application to of binary-to-gray-to-binary code conversion." Optics & Laser Technology 44, no. 6 (September 2012): 1722–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2012.02.007.

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Liu, Bing Qi, Ming Zhe Liu, Gang Yang, Xiao Bo Mao, and Huai Liang Li. "Research and Design of Asynchronous FIFO Based on FPGA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 3440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.3440.

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In this article, a design method of asynchronous FIFO memory based on FPGA is put forward. With FPGA as the core controller, We adopt Verilog HDL and top-down design method to build a top-level module design and also analyze the mark logic of asynchronous FIFO and the elimination of semi-stable state under Quartus II development platform. Besides, with the application of Gray code conversion technology, not only the reliable transmission of data is guaranteed but also design efficiency is improved. Through contrast experiment analysis and simulation test, the validity and reliability of asynchronous FIFO memory are verified, meeting the basic requirement that FIFO can hold more enough data without spillovers despite the fullness of data.
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HUANG, GUANZHONG, and PINGFEN LIN. "A TIME-DOMAIN 1.0-V/0.8-MW 6-BIT 125 MS/S FLASH ADC IN 65 NM CMOS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 22, no. 04 (April 2013): 1350017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126613500175.

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A 6-bit low-voltage power-efficient flash analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is presented in this paper. The proposed ADC replaces the conventional voltage comparator with a new approach in the time-domain. The reference voltages and the analog input voltage are converted to digital signal in a form of different pulse widths by using a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) circuit. Consequently, the comparison is achieved by checking the sequence of the pulse rising edges rather than amplifying and latching the voltage difference. The total input capacitance of the proposed ADC is as small as tens of femto-farads, resulting in much less demand for the front-end buffer and the sampling switch. In addition, an implementation of the digital foreground calibration helps to get rid of the nonmonotonic comparison thresholds due to mismatch. The calibration operates with the adaptive comparison threshold by tuning the modulation level of the PWM. The intermediate Gray code conversion increases the bubble tolerance by 1LSB. This digital-circuit-heavily-involved ADC has been designed and simulated in a 65 nm CMOS process, achieving 35.24 dB signal-to-noise-and-distortion-ratio (SNDR) at a sampling rate of 125 MS/s while consuming 803 μW from 1 V power supply. As a result, the figure of merit (FoM) is as low as 136 fJ/conversion-step.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gray code conversion"

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Tarnoff, David. "Episode 2.10 – Gray Code Conversion and Applications." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/computer-organization-design-oer/16.

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We continue our discussion of Gray code by presenting algorithms used to convert between the weighted numeral system of unsigned binary and the Gray code ordered sequence. We also show how to implement these algorithms in our code.
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Peron, Rodrigo Aparecido Flausino. "Avaliação do grau de conversão de uma resina em relação à luz transmitida por um sistema de pino pré-fabricado de fibra de vidro translúcido." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, 2012. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000185527.

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O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar qualitativamente in vitro, o grau de conversão de uma resina composta em relação a luz emitida por um aparelho de luz halógena e transmitida por um sistema de pino pré-fabricado translúcido de fibra de vidro, em diferentes comprimentos, bem como a validade da metodologia empregada. Para esse estudo foram preparadas 15 amostras cilíndricas de resina composta fotopolimerizável, e estas divididas em 5 grupos (n=3). No grupo controle (C+) estas foram irradiadas diretamente com um aparelho fotopolimerizador a uma distância desprezível. Como controle negativo, não houve fotopolimerização. Também foram utilizados 3 pinos pré-fabricados translúcidos de fibra de vidro (WhitePost DC - FGM), seccionados a 4, 6 e 8 milímetros de distância da sua porção coronal, compondo assim os três grupos experimentais, cuja polimerização da amostra se deu, transmitindo a luz através dos pinos. As amostras então foram submetidas a análise por meio de um espectrômetro de RPE da marca JEOL (JES-PE-3X), tendo a amostra sido irradiada por 2 minutos (t=2) sob a potência de 1 mW, com o campo magnético sendo varrido da faixa de (3420 + 250)G. Em seguida, os dados foram colhidos e elaborados gráficos para analisar a intensidade dos radicais livres gerados, para então se realizar uma análise qualitativa. De acordo com os gráficos, há uma diferença de intensidade entre os grupos controle, e entre estes e os experimentais. Em relação aos pinos, o grupo com o pino de 8mm apresentou a menor intensidade de sinal, já entre os grupos de 4 e 6mm não se observou diferença. Dentro das limitações deste estudo, se pode chegar à conclusão que há uma decaimento no grau de conversão do compósito estudado em função do aumento no comprimento do pino de fibra de vidro e que a metodologia empregada é válida para a análise experimental do grau de conversão de um compósito odontológico.
The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro, the conversion degree of a composite resin related to light emitted from a halogen light unit and transmitted by a system of prefabricated translucent fiberglass post in different lengths, and the validity of the methodology employed. For this study were prepared 15 samples of cylindrical photopolymerizable composite resin, and these divided into 5 groups (n = 3). In the control group (C +) they were irradiated directly with a curing light to a negligible distance. As a negative control no photopolymerization. Were used also three prefabricated translucent glass fiber (DC WhitePost - FGM), sectioned at 4, 6 and 8 mm away from its coronal portion, thus composing the three experimental groups whose polymerization sample was made by passing light through pins. The samples were then subjected to analysis by the EPR spectrometer JEOL mark (JES-PE-3X), and the sample was irradiated for 2 minutes (t = 2) under the power of 1 mW, with the magnetic field being swept band (3420 + 250) G. Then, data were harvested and prepared for analyzing the intensity graphs of free radicals generated, and then performing a qualitative analysis. According to the graphs, there is a difference in intensity between the control groups, and between these and the experimental. Regarding the pins, the group with the pin 8mm showed the lowest signal intensity, as between groups of 4 and 6mm no difference was observed. Within the limitations of this study, one can come to the conclusion that there is a decay in the degree of conversion of the composite studied as a function of the increase in length of the glass fiber pin and that the methodology is valid for the experimental analysis of the conversion degree a composite dental.
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Book chapters on the topic "Gray code conversion"

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Gupta, Yogendra, and Sandeep Saini. "Thermometer to Gray Encoders." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 323–35. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6627-6.ch013.

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Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) is a key functional block in the design of mixed signal, system on chip, and signal processing applications. An optimized method for the direct conversion of analog signal to Gray code representation is presented. This eliminates the need for binary-to-Gray code conversion in many digital modulation techniques like M-PSK and M-QAM, which uses Gray coding representation to represent the symbols that are modulated. The authors design a low-power and high-speed Thermometer to Gray encoder for Flash ADC, as encoders have been widely utilized in high-performance critical applications which persistently impose special design constraints in terms of high-frequency, low power consumption, and minimal area. In this chapter, they propose a new circuit that converts the Thermometer code to Gray code and also yields minimized power.
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Taber, Douglass F. "The Rawal Synthesis of N-Methylwelwitindolinone D Isonitrile." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0105.

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The complex polycyclic structure of N-methylwelwitindolinone D isonitrile 3 was assigned in 1999. The welwitinines show an intriguing range of biological activity, including reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in human carcinoma cells. Viresh H. Rawal of the University of Chicago described (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 5798) the first synthesis of 3, using as a key step the Pd-catalyzed cyclization of 1 to 2. The ketone 1 was assembled by the convergent coupling of 7 with 11. The indole 7 was readily available by Batcho-Leimgruber cyclization of commercial 4 to 5. The expected 3-acylation followed by N -methylation delivered the stable ketone 6. The unstable 7 was prepared as needed. The anisole 8 was the starting material for the preparation of the alicyclic diene 11. Although this synthesis was carried out in the racemic series, enantiomerically enriched 9 could be prepared by Shi epoxidation of the β,γ-unsaturated ketone from Birch reduction The alcohol 7 was not stable to silica gel chromatography. The mixture of 11 with the crude alcohol 7 was therefore activated by the addition of TMSOTf, then added via cannula to aqueous HClO4 in THF to deliver the coupled product 1 as a single diastereomer. The remarkable cyclization of 1 to 2 required extensive screening. Eventually it was found that a combination of ( t -Bu)3 P with Pd(OAc)2 as the Pd source worked well. This concise convergent synthetic strategy makes the welwitinine core 2 available in gram quantities. There were two problems to be solved in the conversion of 2 to 3. The first was the installation of the oxy bridge. Indoles are notoriously sensitive to overoxidation. Nevertheless, addition of an acetone solution of dimethyl dioxirane to the bromo ketone 12 over 24 hours gave clean conversion to 13. The remaining challenge was the conversion of the aldehyde of 13 to the isonitrile. Kim had described the inversion of an oxime to the isothiocyanate. Optimization of this protocol led to the thiourea 14 as the best for this transformation. Mild desulfurization then delivered N -methylwelwitindolinone D isonitrile 3.
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Kumar Singh, Manoj, Pratik V. Shinde, Pratap Singh, and Pawan Kumar Tyagi. "Two-Dimensional Materials for Advanced Solar Cells." In Solar Cells - Theory, Materials and Recent Advances. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94114.

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Inorganic crystalline silicon solar cells account for more than 90% of the market despite a recent surge in research efforts to develop new architectures and materials such as organics and perovskites. The reason why most commercial solar cells are using crystalline silicon as the absorber layer include long-term stability, the abundance of silicone, relatively low manufacturing costs, ability for doping by other elements, and native oxide passivation layer. However, the indirect band gap nature of crystalline silicon makes it a poor light emitter, limiting its solar conversion efficiency. For instance, compared to the extraordinary high light absorption coefficient of perovskites, silicon requires 1000 times more material to absorb the same amount of sunlight. In order to reduce the cost per watt and improve watt per gram utilization of future generations of solar cells, reducing the active absorber thickness is a key design requirement. This is where novel two-dimensional (2d) materials like graphene, MoS2 come into play because they could lead to thinner, lightweight and flexible solar cells. In this chapter, we aim to follow up on the most important and novel developments that have been recently reported on solar cells. Section-2 is devoted to the properties, synthesis techniques of different 2d materials like graphene, TMDs, and perovskites. In the next section-3, various types of photovoltaic cells, 2d Schottky, 2d homojunction, and 2d heterojunction have been described. Systematic development to enhance the PCE with recent techniques has been discussed in section-4. Also, 2d Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite explained briefly. New developments in the field of the solar cell via upconversion and downconversion processes are illustrated and described in section-5. The next section is dedicated to the recent developments and challenges in the fabrication of 2d photovoltaic cells, additionally with various applications. Finally, we will also address future directions yet to be explored for enhancing the performance of solar cells.
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Foster, Jill A., and Matthew P. Ohr. "Botulinum Toxin Injections for Facial Rhytides." In Surgery of the Eyelid, Lacrimal System, and Orbit. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195340211.003.0037.

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Once feared for its deadly properties, Botulinum toxin is now revered for its effectiveness as a treatment in minimally invasive facial rejuvenation. The injection of Botulinum toxin is the most frequently performed nonsurgical cosmetic procedure, with at least 4.8 million procedures in 2009. First approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1979 for the treatment of strabismus, Botulinum toxin was shown to be both safe and effective for use to decrease muscle function. Botulinum toxin’s cosmetic applications were first recognized when it was noted that facial rhytides improved in the areas of treatment with the toxin when it was used for noncosmetic applications in the late 1980s and early 1990s. FDA approval for cosmetic treatment of the glabellar furrows was announced in 2002, and off-label aesthetic indications have continued to evolve. Botulinum toxin is produced by the gram-positive, anaerobic Clostridium botulinum. The neurotoxin acts on the peripheral nervous system, where it inhibits release of acetylcholine from the presynaptic terminal at the neuromuscular junction. There are seven distinct antigenic Botulinum toxins (BTX-A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) produced by different strains of C. botulinum. The human nervous system is susceptible to only five of these serotypes (BTX-A, B, E, F, G), and types A and B are currently available for human injection. In the United States, there are four commercially available Botulinum toxin preparations: three types of Botulinum toxin type A, OnabotulinumtoxinA or Botox Cosmetic® (Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA), IncobotulinumtoxinA or Xeomin (Merz, Frankfort Germany), and abobotulinumtoxinA or Dysport (Medicis, Scottsdale, AZ). There is one preparation of Botulinum toxin type B, RimabotulinumtoxinB or Myobloc® (Elan Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA). Other Botulinum toxin type A products are anticipated to come to the U.S. market in the next decade as well. Different formulations of Botulinum toxin type A are biochemically unique and are not necessarily equivalent in dosing. The Botox unit is three times as potent as the Dysport unit, but this conversion ratio does not take into consideration safety or antigenic potential. Practically speaking, a range of 2.5 to 3 to one has been recommended to make Dysport dosing approximate the effects of Botox.
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"Electrons generated from machine sources operated at or below an energy level of 10 MeV The eV (electronvolt) is the unit of energy used to measure and describe the energy of electrons and of other types of radiation. The energy of 1 eV is equivalent to the kinetic energy acquired by an electron on being accelerated through a potential difference of 1 V. The eV is a very small unit of energy. It is therefore more common to speak of keV (kiloelectronvolt = 1000 eV) or MeV (megaelectronvolt = 1 million eV). To convert eV to units of energy one can use the conversion 1 MeV = 1.602 X 10“ J (joule). Gamma rays and x-rays are part of the electromagnetic spectrum (Fig. 1), which reaches from the low-energy, long-wavelength radiowaves to the high-energy, short-wavelength cosmic rays. Radiowaves, infrared (IR) waves, and visible light are nonionizing radiations. Ultraviolet (UV) light can ionize only certain types of molecule under specific conditions and is generally not consid­ ered as ionizing radiation. X-rays and gamma rays are identical in their physical properties and in their effect on matter; they differ in their origin. X-rays are produced by machines and exhibit a wide continuous spectrum of radiation, whereas gamma rays come from radioactive isotopes (radionuclides) in a discon­ tinuous spectrum of radiation intensities. When ionizing radiation penetrates into a medium (e.g., the irradiated food) all or part of the radiation energy is absorbed by the medium. This is called the absorbed dose. The unit in which the absorbed dose is measured is the gray (Gy); it is equal to the absorption of 1 J (joule)/kg. One kGy (kilogray) = 1000 Gy. Formerly the dose unit rad was used. It was defined as 100 erg/g. The conversion of old to new units is based on the relationship 1000 rad = 1 Gy, or 1 krad = 10 Gy, or 1 Mrad = 10 kGy. The dose accumulated per unit of time is called the dose rate. Gamma ray sources provide a relatively low dose rate (typically 100-10,000 Gy/h, whereas." In Safety of Irradiated Foods, 28. CRC Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482273168-20.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gray code conversion"

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Nishitani, Takashi, Tsuyoshi Konishi, and Kazuyoshi Itoh. "All-optical analog-to-digital conversion using optical interconnection for gray code coding." In Asia-Pacific Optical Communications, edited by Chang Soo Park, Shizhong Xie, Curtis R. Menyuk, and Ken-ichi Kitayama. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.688607.

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Mazumder, Sandip, and Michael Grimm. "Numerical Investigation of Radiation Effects in Catalytic Combustion." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32460.

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In modeling catalytic combustion in a monolithic catalytic converter, it is generally assumed that the gas within the individual monolith channels does not interfere with thermal radiation. To date, no quantitative study has been undertaken to validate this assumption. Past studies for carbon monoxide combustion also appear to indicate that the emissivity of the washcoat has little effect on the thermal radiation field. In order to investigate these two issues, methane-air combustion on platinum is modeled inside a single channel of a monolith using a detailed surface reaction mechanism comprised of 24 reactions between 19 species. Radiation transport is modeled using the Discrete Ordinates Method and a gray formulation. Planck-mean absorption coefficients of the gases, calculated from the HITEMP and HITRAN databases, are used to investigate participating medium effects. All calculations were performed using the commercial CFD code, CFD-ACE+™, supplemented by user-subroutines for calculating the absorption coefficient of the gas mixture. Results show that the conversion percentages and temperature distributions are unaltered by the inclusion of participating medium radiation effects, verifying the commonly held belief, stated earlier. However, in strong contrast with carbon monoxide combustion, the emissivity of the washcoat was found to significantly affect flammability limits in the case of methane combustion—the flame being hotter and more stable for smaller values of emissivity.
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Tyagi, Arjun, Ashu Verma, and Abhinav Saxena. "Optimal economic dispatch considering wind energy conversion systems using Gray coded genetic algorithm." In 2015 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indicon.2015.7443234.

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Nishitani, T., T. Konishi, and K. Itoh. "All-optical Analogue-to-digital Conversion with bitwise signal allocation using a spatial coding method for 3bit grey code." In 2006 International Conference on Photonics in Switching. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ps.2006.4350185.

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