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1
Timberlake, Allison M. "Sample Size in Ordinal Logistic Hierarchical Linear Modeling." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/eps_diss/72.
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Most quantitative research is conducted by randomly selecting members of a population on which to conduct a study. When statistics are run on a sample, and not the entire population of interest, they are subject to a certain amount of error. Many factors can impact the amount of error, or bias, in statistical estimates. One important factor is sample size; larger samples are more likely to minimize bias than smaller samples. Therefore, determining the necessary sample size to obtain accurate statistical estimates is a critical component of designing a quantitative study.
Much research has been conducted on the impact of sample size on simple statistical techniques such as group mean comparisons and ordinary least squares regression. Less sample size research, however, has been conducted on complex techniques such as hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). HLM, also known as multilevel modeling, is used to explain and predict an outcome based on knowledge of other variables in nested populations. Ordinal logistic HLM (OLHLM) is used when the outcome variable has three or more ordered categories. While there is a growing body of research on sample size for two-level HLM utilizing a continuous outcome, there is no existing research exploring sample size for OLHLM.
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of sample size on statistical estimates for ordinal logistic hierarchical linear modeling. A Monte Carlo simulation study was used to investigate this research query. Four variables were manipulated: level-one sample size, level-two sample size, sample outcome category allocation, and predictor-criterion correlation. Statistical estimates explored include bias in level-one and level-two parameters, power, and prediction accuracy.
Results indicate that, in general, holding other conditions constant, bias decreases as level-one sample size increases. However, bias increases or remains unchanged as level-two sample size increases, holding other conditions constant. Power to detect the independent variable coefficients increased as both level-one and level-two sample size increased, holding other conditions constant. Overall, prediction accuracy is extremely poor. The overall prediction accuracy rate across conditions was 47.7%, with little variance across conditions. Furthermore, there is a strong tendency to over-predict the middle outcome category.
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Kolnik, Shira. "Responding to Joint Attention: Growth and Prediction to Subsequent Social Competence in Children Prenatally Exposed to Cocaine." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/158.
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Responding to Joint Attention (RJA) involves an infant's ability to follow a gaze or point by a partner. Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE), which places a child in danger of numerous risks, has been accepted as having subtle effects on developmental outcomes such as social competence and associated socio-emotional outcomes. The current study looked at a sample of 166 children prenatally exposed to cocaine who were attending an early intervention program. The study established group and individual trajectories of responding to joint attention from 12, 15, and 18 months of age. Hierarchical modeling identified two groups, a delay group and an average group, while individual trajectories identified a linear pattern of growth of RJA. Both individual and group trajectories indicated that children with higher RJA from 12 to 18 months demonstrated better social competence at three years of age and first grade. The delay and average group showed significant differences on later social competence measures, but not problem behaviors, such that RJA, a positive behavior, may connect more closely with later positive behaviors than with behavior problems. RJA may therefore be useful in a preventative intervention targeted at enhancing positive social behaviors and as an important and simple screening tool for possible delay early in a child's life, helping to deliver early intervention services in a targeted and effective manner.
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Doyle, Heather Sue. "A Longitudinal Study Of Relational Aggression Among Females Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1278606288.
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Haardoerfer, Regine. "Power and Bias in Hierarchical Linear Growth Models: More Measurements for Fewer People." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/eps_diss/57.
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Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) sample size recommendations are mostly made with traditional group-design research in mind, as HLM as been used almost exclusively in group-design studies. Single-case research can benefit from utilizing hierarchical linear growth modeling, but sample size recommendations for growth modeling with HLM are scarce and generally do not consider the sample size combinations typical in single-case research. The purpose of this Monte Carlo simulation study was to expand sample size research in hierarchical linear growth modeling to suit single-case designs by testing larger level-1 sample sizes (N1), ranging from 10 to 80, and smaller level-2 sample sizes (N2), from 5 to 35, under the presence of autocorrelation to investigate bias and power. Estimates for the fixed effects were good for all tested sample-size combinations, irrespective of the strengths of the predictor-outcome correlations or the level of autocorrelation. Such low sample sizes, however, especially in the presence of autocorrelation, produced neither good estimates of the variances nor adequate power rates. Power rates were at least adequate for conditions in which N2 = 20 and N1 = 80 or N2 = 25 and N1 = 50 when the squared autocorrelation was .25.Conditions with lower autocorrelation provided adequate or high power for conditions with N2 = 15 and N1 = 50. In addition, conditions with high autocorrelation produced less than perfect power rates to detect the level-1 variance.
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Xiang, Yun. "Ethnic differences in achievement growth: Longitudinal data analysis of math achievement in a hierarchical linear modeling framework." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/676.
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Thesis advisor: Henry Braun<br>Given the call for greater understanding of racial inequality in student achievement in K-12 education, this study contributes a comprehensive, quantitative, longitudinal examination of the achievement gap phenomenon, with particular attention to the organization characteristics of schools and school districts. Employing data from a large number of districts in a single state, it examines the trends in achievement and the growth in achievement after the passage of NCLB. It focuses on mathematics performance from grade 6 to grade 8. Both a traditional descriptive approach and one employing Hierarchical Linear Models were applied and compared. The purpose was not to determine which methodology is superior but to provide complementary perspectives. The comparison between the two approaches revealed similar trends in achievement gaps, but the HLM approach offered a more nuanced description. Nonetheless the results suggest that it is useful to employ both approaches. As to the main question regarding ethnicity, it appears that even if student ethnicity is confounded with other indicators, such as initial score and socio-economic status, it is still an important predictor of both achievement gaps and achievement growth gaps. Moreover, demographic profiles at the school and district levels were also associated with these gaps<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education<br>Discipline: Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation
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Chapman, Sara Bernice. "Student Growth Trajectories with Summer Achievement Loss Using Hierarchical and Growth Modeling." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5970.
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Using measures of student growth has become more popular in recent years—especially in the context of high stakes testing and accountability. While these methods have advantages over historical status measures, there is still much evidence to be gathered on patterns of growth generally and in student subgroups. To date, most research studies dealing with student growth focus on the effectiveness of specific interventions or examine growth in a few urban areas. This project explored math, reading, and English language arts (ELA) growth in the students of two rural school districts in Utah. The study incorporated hierarchical and latent growth methods to describe and compare these students’ growth in third, fourth and fifth grades. Additionally, student characteristics were tested as predictors of growth. Results showed student growth as complex and patterns varied across grade levels, subjects and student subgroups. Growth generally declined after third grade and students experienced summer loss in the second summer more than the first. Females began third grade ahead of their male peers in ELA and reading and began at a similar level in math. Male students narrowed the gap in reading and ELA in fourth and fifth grade and pulled ahead of their female peers in math in third grade. Low SES students were the most similar to their peers in math and ELA growth but were ahead of their peers in reading. Hispanic and Native American students started consistently behind white students in all subjects. Hispanic students tended to grow faster during the school year but lost more over the summer months. Native American students had more shallow growth than white students with a gradual decline in growth in fourth and fifth grades. ELA and reading growth were more closely related to each other than with math growth. Initial achievement estimates were more highly correlated with subsequent growth than previous years’ growth. A cross-classified model for teacher-level effects was attempted to account for students changing class groupings each school year but computational limits were reached. After estimating subjects and grade levels separately, results showed variance in test scores was primarily due to student differences. In ELA and reading, school differences accounted for a larger portion of the overall variance than teacher differences.
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Wu, Wenhao. "High-performance matrix multiplication hierarchical data structures, optimized kernel routines, and qualitative performance modeling /." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2003. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07092003-003633.
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Oliveira, Izabela Regina Cardoso de. "Modeling strategies for complex hierarchical and overdispersed data in the life sciences." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11134/tde-12082014-105135/.
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In this work, we study the so-called combined models, generalized linear mixed models with extension to allow for overdispersion, in the context of genetics and breeding. Such flexible models accommodates cluster-induced correlation and overdispersion through two separate sets of random effects and contain as special cases the generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) on the one hand, and commonly known overdispersion models on the other. We use such models while obtaining heritability coefficients for non-Gaussian characters. Heritability is one of the many important concepts that are often quantified upon fitting a model to hierarchical data. It is often of importance in plant and animal breeding. Knowledge of this attribute is useful to quantify the magnitude of improvement in the population. For data where linear models can be used, this attribute is conveniently defined as a ratio of variance components. Matters are less simple for non-Gaussian outcomes. The focus is on time-to-event and count traits, where the Weibull-Gamma-Normal and Poisson-Gamma-Normal models are used. The resulting expressions are sufficiently simple and appealing, in particular in special cases, to be of practical value. The proposed methodologies are illustrated using data from animal and plant breeding. Furthermore, attention is given to the occurrence of negative estimates of variance components in the Poisson-Gamma-Normal model. The occurrence of negative variance components in linear mixed models (LMM) has received a certain amount of attention in the literature whereas almost no work has been done for GLMM. This phenomenon can be confusing at first sight because, by definition, variances themselves are non-negative quantities. However, this is a well understood phenomenon in the context of linear mixed modeling, where one will have to make a choice between a hierarchical and a marginal view. The variance components of the combined model for count outcomes are studied theoretically and the plant breeding study used as illustration underscores that this phenomenon can be common in applied research. We also call attention to the performance of different estimation methods, because not all available methods are capable of extending the parameter space of the variance components. Then, when there is a need for inference on such components and they are expected to be negative, the accuracy of the method is not the only characteristic to be considered.<br>Neste trabalho foram estudados os chamados modelos combinados, modelos lineares generalizados mistos com extensão para acomodar superdispersão, no contexto de genética e melhoramento. Esses modelos flexíveis acomodam correlação induzida por agrupamento e superdispersão por meio de dois conjuntos separados de efeitos aleatórios e contem como casos especiais os modelos lineares generalizados mistos (MLGM) e os modelos de superdispersão comumente conhecidos. Tais modelos são usados na obtenção do coeficiente de herdabilidade para caracteres não Gaussianos. Herdabilidade é um dos vários importantes conceitos que são frequentemente quantificados com o ajuste de um modelo a dados hierárquicos. Ela é usualmente importante no melhoramento vegetal e animal. Conhecer esse atributo é útil para quantificar a magnitude do ganho na população. Para dados em que modelos lineares podem ser usados, esse atributo é convenientemente definido como uma razão de componentes de variância. Os problemas são menos simples para respostas não Gaussianas. O foco aqui é em características do tipo tempo-até-evento e contagem, em que os modelosWeibull-Gama-Normal e Poisson-Gama-Normal são usados. As expressões resultantes são suficientemente simples e atrativas, em particular nos casos especiais, pelo valor prático. As metodologias propostas são ilustradas usando dados de melhoramento animal e vegetal. Além disso, a atenção é voltada à ocorrência de estimativas negativas de componentes de variância no modelo Poisson-Gama- Normal. A ocorrência de componentes de variância negativos em modelos lineares mistos (MLM) tem recebido certa atenção na literatura enquanto quase nenhum trabalho tem sido feito para MLGM. Esse fenômeno pode ser confuso a princípio porque, por definição, variâncias são quantidades não-negativas. Entretanto, este é um fenômeno bem compreendido no contexto de modelagem linear mista, em que a escolha deverá ser feita entre uma interpretação hierárquica ou marginal. Os componentes de variância do modelo combinado para respostas de contagem são estudados teoricamente e o estudo de melhoramento vegetal usado como ilustração confirma que esse fenômeno pode ser comum em pesquisas aplicadas. A atenção também é voltada ao desempenho de diferentes métodos de estimação, porque nem todos aqueles disponíveis são capazes de estender o espaço paramétrico dos componentes de variância. Então, quando há a necessidade de inferência de tais componentes e é esperado que eles sejam negativos, a acurácia do método de estimação não é a única característica a ser considerada.
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Hudek, Natasha. "Risk and Resilience in the Internalizing Outcomes of Children in Out-of-Home Care." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37969.
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Internalizing problems are prevalent in childhood and adolescence in both community and out-of-home populations. Internalizing symptoms are frequently associated with problems in other areas of functioning as well. For children in out-of-home care, who face additional adversities such as maltreatment and witnessing traumatic events, internalizing problems have shown increased prevalence while less frequently addressed in research. The current studies used longitudinal data collected across 7 years from a sample of 1,765 children, 5 to 14 years old, in out-of-home care in Maryland, USA. Data consisted mainly of Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths (CANS) assessments, as well as demographic information (age, sex, and race/ethnicity) and out-of-home placement type. In Study 1 we examined the trajectories of anxiety and depression across age and time in care separately and evaluated a comprehensive model of resilience for each outcome using hierarchical linear modeling. This exploratory model included both indicators of internal resilience (i.e. cognitive, emotional, spiritual, physical, behavioural) and environmental risk and resilience factors (i.e. family, acculturation, community, placement, school functioning, social functioning) related to internalizing problems in children and adolescents. Results showed anxiety was fairly stable over time in care and age, with few significant predictors aside from already well-known risk factors. Depression results showed a slight increase across age and decrease across time in care with several more significant predictors than the anxiety model. While both models showed overlap in predictors, they also included predictors unique to each outcome. In Study 2 we examined the reciprocal relationships across time between anxiety, depression, and significant risk and protective factors from Study 1. Using time lagged hierarchical linear models we found few significant relationships related to anxiety, and largely unidirectional relationships between depression and relevant factors over time. Two factors, traumatic stress and placement in residential treatment care, displayed reciprocal relationships with depression over time. However, our results largely did not support the direct resilience feedback mechanisms proposed between variables for either outcome, but revealed other possible mechanisms at work (i.e. dual cascades developmental model) to explain maladaptation towards depression in particular, but also anxiety. Findings are discussed in terms of theoretical implications, future research directions, and applied implications for prevention/intervention programs for internalizing problems for children in out-of-home care.
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Osterhout, Rebecca Ellen. "An examination of the association between behavior and attributions in an engaged sample using hierarchical linear modeling." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.
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Zhao, Jing. "Contextual Differential Item Functioning: Examining the Validity of Teaching Self-Efficacy Instruments Using Hierarchical Generalized Linear Modeling." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1339551861.
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Goldberg, Looney Lisa. "A Hierarchical Linear Modeling Approach to Predicting Trajectories of Posttraumatic Growth in Veterans Following Acquired Physical Disability." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5595.
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The purpose of this study was to examine potential predictors of PTG across time in Veterans with acquired physical disabilities. Specifically, this study aimed to understand how various demographic and injury characteristics, coping styles, appraisals of injury, and social support might predict trajectories of PTG from discharge from inpatient rehabilitation through 12 months after baseline. Initial curvature analyses suggested that a cubic polynomial trend best fit the movement of PTG over time, generally conforming to an initial increase, decrease, and then plateau or slight increase. Four HLMs were run to examine whether demographic and injury characteristics, coping styles, appraisals of injury, and social support predicted the height of this cubic architecture of PTG across baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12-month follow ups, and a final HLM examined whether any statistically significant fixed effects in the first four HLMs interacted with time in the prediction of participants’ PTG trajectories. Estimated premorbid IQ was negatively associated, while age was positively associated with the height of PTG over time. Reframing and religious coping were positively associated with PTG over time, as were challenge appraisals. Three types of social support did not independently predict PTG trajectories, although bivariate correlations suggested the presence of isolated relationships between different types of social support and PTG at certain time points. None of the significant predictors interacted with time in predicting participants’ PTG trajectories.
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Price, Matthew. "The Effect of Post Event Processing on Response to Exposure Therapy among those with Social Anxiety Disorder." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/68.
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Exposure therapy has received a great deal of support as an effective treatment for social anxiety. However, not all those who undergo exposure therapy improve, and some of those who do respond continue to report significant levels of symptoms. A theorized mechanism of change for exposure therapy is extinction learning. Extinction learning is believed to occur across exposure sessions during which new associations are formed and stored in memory. Individuals with social anxiety are prone to engage in post event processing (PEP), or rumination, after social experiences, which may interfere with extinction learning, and thus attenuate response to treatment. The current study examined whether PEP limits treatment response to two different exposure based treatments, a group based cognitive behavioral intervention and an individually based virtual reality exposure therapy among participants (n = 75) diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. The findings suggested that PEP decreased as a result of treatment and that social anxiety symptoms for those with greater amounts of PEP improved at a slower rate of change than those with lower levels of PEP. Implications for the role of PEP on treatment response are discussed.
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Schenker, Jason D. "The Effectiveness of Technology Use in Statistics Instruction in Higher Education: A Meta-analysis Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1194979182.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Kent State University, 2007.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 15, 2008). Advisor: Shawn Fitzgerald. Keywords: Meta-analysis; Technology; Statistics; Hiearchical Linear Modeling; Statistics Instruction. Includes bibliographical references (p. 200-223).
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Kniola, David J. "Constructing an Estimate of Academic Capitalism and Explaining Faculty Differences through Multilevel Analysis." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29484.
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Two broad influences have converged to shape a new environment in which universities must now compete and operate. Shrinking financial resources and a global economy have arguably compelled universities to adapt. The concept of academic capitalism helps explain the new realities and places universities in the context of a global, knowledge-based economy (Slaughter & Leslie, 1997). Prior to this theory, the role of universities in the knowledge economy was largely undocumented. Academic capitalism is a measurable concept defined by the mechanisms and behaviors of universities that seek to generate new sources of revenue and are best revealed through faculty work. This study was designed to create empirical evidence of academic capitalism through the behaviors of faculty members at research universities. Using a large-scale, national database, the researcher created a new measureâ an estimate of academic capitalismâ at the individual faculty member level and then used multi-level analysis to explain variation among these individual faculty members. This study will increase our understanding of the changing nature of faculty work, will lead to future studies on academic capitalism that involve longitudinal analysis and important sub-populations, and will likely influence institutional and public policy.<br>Ph. D.
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Mooss, Angela Devi. "Fidelity-Outcomes Relationships in the Expect Respect Program." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/49.
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The effects of program fidelity, gender, socioeconomic status, and school level were tested on various outcomes of a dating violence prevention program, Expect Respect. Fidelity data was collected from program facilitators, and individual posttest scores were gathered for individuals nested within each programmatic site. Multiple HLM models indicated that main effects for fidelity were present for the knowledge gained outcome scale, such that higher program fidelity led to higher posttest scores for participants. No other site level predictors affected outcomes or the fidelity-outcome relationship. Results from this study point towards the importance of implementing program fidelity when cognitive gains are a central goal of the program, whereas a more flexible program approach may be more optimal in conveying other programmatic components.
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Stimpson, Matthew. "Examining Social Capital as a Predictor of Enrollment in Postsecondary Education for Low SES Students: A Multilevel Analysis." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26525.
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This study examined whether measures of social capital were significant predictors of enrollment in postsecondary education for students from a low SES background. Results take the form of two articles. The first article addresses enrollment in four-year institutions of postsecondary education, and the second article addresses enrollment in two-year institutions of postsecondary education. The research questions for this study were:
1. Does probability of enrollment in a four-year postsecondary institution or a two-year postsecondary institution for low SES students differ by mean school SES?
2. Does probability of enrollment in a four-year postsecondary institution or a two-year postsecondary institution for low SES students differ by school locale?
3. When controlling for contextual or environmental variables and student background characteristics, are low SES students with higher levels of social capital more likely to enroll in a four-year postsecondary institution or a two-year postsecondary institution than low SES students with lower levels of social capital?
4. When controlling for contextual or environmental variables, background characteristics, and level of social capital does probability of enrollment in a four-year institution of postsecondary education or a two-year postsecondary institution vary by race for low SES students?
When controlling for school level variables, academic achievement and preparation, and select background characteristics, low SES students with higher levels of social capital are more likely to enroll in a four-year college. Students whose parents expected them to obtain more education and those students who obtained more information about attending college were more likely to enroll in a four-year university. In the analysis of enrollment in four-year institutions of postsecondary education, African American low SES students were three times more likely to enroll in a four-year college or university than low SES Caucasian students.
Only one measure of social capital, information acquisition, was significantly related to enrollment in a two-year institution of postsecondary education. No significant variability in probability of enrollment in a two-year institution of postsecondary education was observed by either of the school level variables used. Race was not a significant factor when controlling for background characteristics and the measures of social capital used in this study.<br>Ph. D.
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Johnson-Hart, Lallen Tyrone. "Classifying Drug Markets by Travel Patterns: Testing Reuter and MacCoun's Typology of Market Violence." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/181618.
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Criminal Justice<br>Ph.D.<br>Research to date has demonstrated significant relationships between the presence of outdoor drug markets and violent crime. Scholars have neglected however, to consider the role of travel distance on the drugs/violence nexus. The current study examines whether features of the distributions of travel distance to markets of drug buyers, drug sellers, or the interaction between the two distributions predicts drug market violence levels net of surrounding community demographic structure. Reuter and MacCoun's (1992) as yet untested model about the connections between drugs and violent crime, predicts that the interaction of drug seller and buyer distance distributions from varying distances more powerfully drug market violence levels than buyer and average distance averages. This suggests that how the travel patterns of the two major participants in drug markets intersect is key to understanding differences. That model is tested here. In addition, for comparison purposes, impacts of buyer and seller travel median distances are modeled separately. This work uses 5 years (2006-2010) of incident and arrest data from the Philadelphia Police Department. Reuter and MacCoun's model will be tested using the following analytical techniques. First, a methodology for locating and bounding drug markets using a nearest neighbor, hierarchical clustering technique is introduced. Using this methodology 34 drug markets are identified. Second, hierarchical linear models examining buyers and sellers separately predict travel distances to drug markets. Arrestees are nested within markets. This technique separates influences on distance arising from arrestees from drug market distance differences. Third, how market level median travel distance affects within drug market violence is considered. Specifically, the main effects of median buyer travel distance and median seller travel distance on drug market violence are captured using separate Poisson hierarchical linear models. Finally, impacts of the interaction between buyer and seller distance, Reuter and MacCoun's (1992) focus, are explored in another series of generalized hierarchical linear models. The main findings from the dissertation are as follows: 1. Results provide partial support for Reuter and MacCoun's drug market-violence model using multiple operationalizations. Public markets--those in which buyers and sellers travel from outside their own neighborhoods--are expected to be the most violent. 2. Separate raw distance measures for buyers and sellers correlate with within-drug market violence, after controlling for community demographics. 3. A negative effect of socioeconomic status and violence holds even when modeled with drug market variables. 4. As the proportion of crack cocaine sales within drug markets increases so too does within-market violence. Conceptual implications highlight the need to investigate social ties as an intervening variable in the travel distance »» drug market violence relationship. It is not clear from this research whether the travel distances of drug offenders in some way explains the amount or strength of social ties in a drug market, which in turn serves to suppress or elevate within-drug market violence. Policy implications suggest that Reuter and MacCoun's drug market types may connect with specific policing responses. Policing efforts may not receive much support from community residents because dense social networks may discourage reporting illicit activity. Markets drawing dealers and customers from farther away, and located around commercial and recreational centers may be amenable to place-based policing initiatives and coordinated intervention strategies with multiple city agencies.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Schaper, Andrew. "Informative Prior Distributions in Multilevel/Hierarchical Linear Growth Models: Demonstrating the Use of Bayesian Updating for Fixed Effects." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18366.
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This study demonstrates a fully Bayesian approach to multilevel/hierarchical linear growth modeling using freely available software. Further, the study incorporates informative prior distributions for fixed effect estimates using an objective approach. The objective approach uses previous sample results to form prior distributions included in subsequent samples analyses, a process referred to as Bayesian updating. Further, a method for model checking is outlined based on fit indices including information criteria (i.e., Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, and deviance information criterion) and approximate Bayes factor calculations. For this demonstration, five distinct samples of schools in the process of implementing School-Wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) collected from 2008 to 2013 were used with the unit of analysis being the school. First, the within-year SWPBIS fidelity growth was modeled as a function of time measured in months from initial measurement occasion. Uninformative priors were used to estimate growth parameters for the 2008-09 sample, and both uninformative and informative priors based on previous years' samples were used to model data from the 2009-10, 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13 samples. Bayesian estimates were also compared to maximum likelihood (ML) estimates, and reliability information is provided. Second, an additional three examples demonstrated how to include predictors into the growth model with demonstrations for: (a) the inclusion of one school-level predictor (years implementing) of SWPBIS fidelity growth, (b) several school-level predictors (relative socio-economic status, size, and geographic location), and (c) school and district predictors (sustainability factors hypothesized to be related to implementation processes) in a three-level growth model. Interestingly, Bayesian models estimated with informative prior distributions in all cases resulted in more optimal fit indices than models estimated with uninformative prior distributions.
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Chow, Louis K. "Examining the Trajectory of Change in Sex Communications between African American Female Parents and their Children." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/59.
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Parent child communications about sex play an important role in influencing adolescent’s sexual behaviors and attitudes. The present study was conducted to examine how sexual communications between African American mothers and their children change over a period of three years in the areas of sex education, communication about risk reduction, and child and parent report of responsiveness. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses found significant linear or curvilinear trajectory in communication with sons and daughters in all areas. Gender differences were found such that daughters received more communication than sons. Furthermore, daugthers’ sexual maturation was found to be associated with a decrease in the rate of decline of communication about general sex information. For sons, mothers decreased in rates of responsiveness as sons got older; however, as sons’ sexual maturation increased, rates of declining responsiveness slowed down.
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Nielson, L. Reece. "Family and Clinician Effects on Costs of Psychiatric Emergency Services Dispositions." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26724.
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Families play a key role in psychiatric emergency services (PES). Given the cost of PES in terms of dollars and restrictiveness, clients, families, providers, payers, and policymakers involved in these services need more understanding of how families affect these key PES outcomes. Marriage and family therapy theories offer frameworks for understanding family and provider system dynamics in PES. This study explores how family presence and family quality influence restrictiveness and cost of PES dispositions, and how they moderate the effect of suicide risk, homicide risk, and inability to care for self on those outcomes. The sample of 306 clients and 33 clinicians was drawn from the records of a mobile PES unit serving a rural area. A regression-based, quantitative methodology, Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM), was employed to explore associations between restrictiveness and client risk and family factors, as well as differences in dispositions between PES clinicians. In order to extend practical implications, the same questions were also examined in monetary terms by translating restrictiveness into cost of dispositions. Results show inability to care for self and suicide risk to be the strongest predictors of increased restrictiveness and cost. Family quality appeared to reduce restrictiveness but not cost and only when not considering interactions with individual risk factors. When interactions were considered, family quality exhibited a statistically significant disordinal interaction with inability to care for self. That is, when clients were unable to care for self, positive family quality worked toward increasing restrictiveness and cost, perhaps due to families seeking help for the client. However, when clients were able to care for self, positive family quality worked in the opposite direction (i.e., toward reducing restrictiveness and cost). Theoretical and practical implications of this interaction were considered. There was found no significant variability in dispositions and associated costs between clinicians, which may be evidence of standardized clinician training and procedures. Non-standardized instrumentation, lack of comparison with other programs or sites, and limited cell sample size are limitations of the study. This study shows the complexity of family systems in PES and provides basis for recommendations for future research and clinical practice.<br>Ph. D.
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Kosko, Karl Wesley. "Mathematical Discussion and Self-Determination Theory." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37551.
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This dissertation focuses on the development and testing of a conceptual framework for student motivation in mathematical discussion. Specifically, this document integrates Yackel and Cobbâ s (1996) framework with aspects of Self-Determination Theory (SDT), as described by Ryan and Deci (2000). Yackel and Cobb articulated the development of studentsâ mathematical dispositions through discussion by facilitating student autonomy, incorporating appropriate social norms and co-constructing sociomathematical norms. SDT mirrors these factors and describes a similar process of self-regulation through fulfillment of the individual needs of autonomy, social relatedness, and competence. Given the conceptual overlap, this dissertation examines the connection of SDT with mathematical discussion with two studies.
The first study examined the effect of student frequency of explaining mathematics on their perceived autonomy, competence and relatedness. Results of HLM analyses found that more frequent explanation of mathematics had a positive effect on studentsâ perceived mathematics autonomy, mathematics competence, and relatedness. The second study used a triangulation mixed methods approach to examine high school geometry studentsâ classroom discourse actions in combination with their perceived autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Results of the second study suggest a higher perceived sense of autonomy is indicative of more engagement in mathematical talk, but a measure of competence and relatedness are needed for such engagement to be fully indicative of mathematical discourse. Rather, students who lacked a measure of perceived competence or relatedness would cease participation in mathematical discussion when challenged by peers. While these results need further investigation, the results of the second study provide evidence that indicates the necessity of fulfilling all three SDT needs for engagement in mathematical discussion. Evidence from both the first and second studies presented in this dissertation provides support for the conceptual framework presented.<br>Ph. D.
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Yilmaz, Haci Bayram. "Turkish Students’ Scientific Literacy Scores: A Multilevel Analysis of Data from Program for International Student Assessment." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1259620839.
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Zhang, Yuyan. "Role of Regulatory Focus in Job Attraction." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1447257141.
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Lim, Jeongsub. "Contextual effects of geographic, economic, political regions on issue salience and salience of an issue's attributes hierarchical linear modeling of agenda setting /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6000.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on December 28, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Stout, Tyler. "Multilevel modeling issues and the measurement of stress is multilevel data." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2979.
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Multilevel datasets are commonly used and increasingly popular in research in the organizational and other social sciences. These models are complex and have many elements beyond those found in more traditional linear models. However, research on how multilevel models perform is lacking.
The current paper examined the impact of common factors (average cluster size, cluster size distribution, average number of clusters, strength of the intraclass correlation coefficient, and effect sizes of individual and cluster level variables, and their interaction) in multilevel datasets. Monte Carlo data simulation was used across 6,144 factor-combination conditions. The results of study factors on observed intraclass correlation coefficients, calculated design effect, and empirical design effect are discussed.
The results of this study have implications for both researchers in both academic and applied fields. The scale of the simulation variables allow it to be germane to datasets from across the social sciences. However, the nature of data simulation and analysis is such that there are still many elements that can and should be accounted for in future research.
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Wang, Xiaohui. "Bayesian classification and survival analysis with curve predictors." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1205.
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Ryan, Cari Helena. "Using Hierarchical Generalized Linear Modeling for Detection of Differential Item Functioning in a Polytomous Item Response Theory Framework: An Evaluation and Comparison with Generalized Mantel-Haenszel." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/eps_diss/21.
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In the field of education, decisions are influenced by the results of various high stakes measures. Investigating the presence of differential item functioning (DIF) in a set of items ensures that results from these measures are valid. For example, if an item measuring math self-efficacy is identified as having DIF then this indicates that some other characteristic (e.g. gender) other than the latent trait of interest may be affecting an examinee’s score on that particular item. The use of hierarchical generalized linear modeling (HGLM) enables the modeling of items nested within examinees, with person-level predictors added at level-2 for DIF detection. Unlike traditional DIF detection methods that require a reference and focal group, HGLM allows the modeling of a continuous person-level predictor. This means that instead of dichotomizing a continuous variable associated with DIF into a focal and reference group, the continuous variable can be added at level-2. Further benefits of HGLM are discussed in this study. This study is an extension of work done by Williams and Beretvas (2006) where the use of HGLM with polytomous items (PHGLM) for detection of DIF was illustrated. In the Williams and Beretvas study, the PHGLM was compared with the generalized Mantel-Haenszel (GMH), for DIF detection and it was found that the two performed similarly. A Monte Carlo simulation study was conducted to evaluate HGLM’s power to detect DIF and its associated Type 1 error rates using the constrained form of Muraki’s Rating Scale Model (Muraki, 1990) as the generating model. The two methods were compared when DIF was associated with a continuous variable which was dichotomized for the GMH and used as a continuous person-level predictor with PHGLM. Of additional interest in this study was the comparison of HGLM’s performance with that of the GMH under a variety of DIF and sample size conditions. Results showed that sample size, sample size ratio and DIF magnitude substantially influenced the power performance for both GMH and HGLM. Furthermore, the power performance associated with the GMH was comparable to HGLM for conditions with large sample sizes. The mean performance for both DIF detection methods showed good Type I error control.
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Mohd, Kamalludeen Rosemaliza. "Curriculum Track And Its Influences On Predicting High School Dropout Likelihood." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28324.
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Dropping out of school is a major concern as high school graduation credentials have been used as an important measurement tool to define post-secondary success. Numerous researchers presented a multitude of factors that predict dropouts at individual and school levels. Curriculum track choice, or high school course-taking sequence, defines studentsâ schooling career and ultimately the post-secondary path that they choose (Plank, DeLuca, & Estacion, 2008). Scholars have debated on various outcomes related to dropouts influenced by various curriculum choices, namely academic, career and technical education (CTE), dual enrollment, and general curriculum. Several argued students following academic tracks are more likely to graduate. Others claim that CTE benefits students who are at-risk and suppresses dropout likelihood (Rumberger & Sun, 2008). New vocationalism or dual enrollment has proven successful at reducing dropout rates.
This study attempted to investigate the influence of curriculum track and CTE program areas on dropout likelihood while controlling for possible individual differences. Analysis was conducted via Hierarchical Generalized Linear Modeling (HGLM) due to the nested data structure of Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS). Variables included were academic background, academic and career aspiration, school-sponsored activity participation, school minority composition, school average student socio-economic status (SES), school type (private or public), school urbanicity, CTE courses offered at the school, and demographic indicators (gender, race, and SES). Findings reflect higher dropout likelihood among general curriculum participants than academic and occupational concentrators after controlling for all possible individual differences. Dual concentrators had 0% dropout rate, and therefore comparison with other curriculum tracks was not possible via HGLM analysis. Results suggest substantial importance of academic background, post-secondary education plans, and school-sponsored activity participation in predicting dropout likelihood.
Comparing CTE program areas, Family and Consumer Sciences, Human Services, Public Services, Health and Education (Human Services area) participants were more likely to drop out than other program areas while Technology Education participants were less likely to drop out than Human Services and 2 or more CTE program area participants. Results suggest 9th grade overall GPA and school-sponsored activity participation as substantial predictors of dropout likelihood among occupational concentrators. Variability across schools was insignificant.<br>Ph. D.
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Herman, Patricia Marie. "Unraveling Overall Quality of Life." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196043.
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Whether the stated goal of a program is to improve health, reduce crime, or to increase standard of living, the ultimate goal of social programs is to improve overall quality of life. An adequate measure of this outcome would help determine whether achievement of these more specific goals (e.g., health, education) really leads to improvements in overall life quality, and would allow trade-offs to be made in terms of funding across programs. However, an understanding of the determinants of life quality (i.e., the mechanism by which a program did or did not have its intended effect) is also essential to program evaluation and the design of future programs.This study constitutes the analysis of an existing dataset of individual traits, life circumstances, satisfaction with a list of 30 life domains, and overall quality of life for 193 healthy elders to test a hypothesized model of the determinants of life quality. As expected, domain satisfaction appears to be a function of life circumstances. Individuals' traits (e.g., age, sex, personality) modify this relationship, but neither they, nor respondents' reports of domain importance, appear to have any direct effect on quality of life. Instead, domain satisfactions alone are the most proximal determinants of overall quality of life. It also appears that individuals respond differently in terms of overall quality of life to reductions in satisfaction with certain domains than to increases. These findings should be evaluated further as they could affect the design of future successful programs. Because individuals' traits and individuals' ratings of domain importance seem to have no effect on the relationship between domain satisfaction and overall quality of life, it may not be essential to measure these in future studies. Finally, although the data on life domains available to this study were sufficient to generate these results, the first step in the development of adequate measures of overall quality of life and of domain satisfactions will be the construction of a comprehensive, fully-representative list of the life domains that comprise life as a whole.
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Zhang, Han. "Individual cognitive and contextual factors affecting Chinese students’ mathematical literacy: a hierarchical linear modeling approach using Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1531401210902013.
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Macedo, Leandro Roberto de. "Modelagem hierárquica Bayesiana na avaliação de curvas de crescimento de suínos genotipados para o gene halotano." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2013. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4072.
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Previous issue date: 2013-07-31<br>A hierarchical Bayesian modeling was used to evaluate the influence of halothane gene and its interaction with sex on pig ́s growth curves. Under this approach, the parameters from growth models (Logistic, Gompertz and von Bertalanffy) were estimated jointly with the effects of halothane gene and sex. A total of 344 F2 (Commercial x Piau) animals were weighted at birth, 21, 42, 63, 77, 105 and 150 days in life. The Logistic model has presented the best fit based on DIC (Deviance Information Criterion). Thus, the samples from marginal posterior distributions for the differences between the parameters estimates of Logistic model have indicated that the maturity weight of males with heterozygous genotypes (HALNn) was superior to males with homozygous genotypes (HALNN). In order to realize a comparison with the traditional methodology, the frequentist approach based on two distinct steps also was used, but there was not identified significant differences between growth curve parameter estimates from each group (combinations of halothane genotypes and sex).<br>Para avaliar a influência do gene halotano sobre a curva de crescimento de suínos, bem como sua interação com o sexo do animal, foi proposta uma modelagem hierárquica Bayesiana. Nesta abordagem, os parâmetros dos modelos não-lineares de crescimento (Logístico, Gompertz e von Bertalanffy) foram estimados conjuntamente com os efeitos de sexo e genótipos do gene halotano. Foram utilizados 344 animais F2(Comercial x Piau) pesados ao nascer, aos 21, 42, 63, 77, 105 e 150 dias. O modelo Logístico foi aquele que apresentou melhor qualidade de ajuste por apresentar menor DIC (Deviance Information Criterion) que os demais. As amostras das distribuições marginais a posteriori para as diferenças entre as estimativas dos parâmetros do modelo Logístico indicaram que o peso dos machos à idade adulta com genótipo heterozigoto (HALNn) foi superior ao dos homozigotos (HALNN). A título de comparação, também foi considerada a abordagem frequentista tradicional baseada em dois passos distintos, a qual, por apresentar um menor poder de discernimento estatístico, não mostrou diferenças significativas.
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Tabernik, Anna Maria Marlene. "A Two-Level Hierarchical Linear Model Analysis of the Relationship Between Sustained, Targeted Professional Development for Teachers and Student Achievement in Mathematics." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1208864309.
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Dalgleish, Tracy L. "Examining Predictors of Change in Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23999.
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Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (EFT; Johnson, 2004) is an empirically validated approach to couple therapy that uses attachment theory to understand the needs and emotions of romantic partners. In EFT, relationship distress is conceptualized as resulting from negative affect, emotional disconnection, and unmet attachment needs. Although EFT is recognized as one of the most researched and effective approaches to couple therapy, little research has examined theoretically related characteristics of couples to changes in marital satisfaction throughout EFT. The present doctoral thesis examined this area of literature. Thirty-two couples were provided approximately 21 sessions of EFT. The goal of the first study was to identify intake characteristics related to change in marital satisfaction over the course of EFT. Couples completed self-report measures of marital satisfaction, attachment security, relationship trust, and emotional control at pre- and post-therapy and after each therapy session. Individuals higher on self-report attachment anxiety and higher levels of emotional control had greater change in marital satisfaction over the course of EFT. The goal of the second study was to examine intake levels of attachment security and its relationship to the occurrence of the blamer-softening event, a key change event in EFT, and changes in marital satisfaction. Results indicated that the occurrence of a blamer-softening event significantly predicted positive changes in marital satisfaction. Results also suggested that the occurrence of a softening event significantly moderated the relationship between attachment avoidance at intake and change in marital satisfaction from pre- to post-therapy. For couples who completed a blamer-softening event, partners with lower levels of attachment avoidance were more likely to have positive changes in marital satisfaction. However, this relationship was not evident for attachment anxiety. Overall, results from this thesis suggest that attachment security is a key characteristic of couple partners for therapists to consider when implementing EFT. Therapists may benefit from assessing attachment security at the start of therapy to help inform them of the emotion regulating strategies used by couple partners. This information may help therapists to tailor specific interventions such that couples may begin to develop more secure attachment bonds.
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Dundas, Traci Lynne. "SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED SUDENTS IN SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED SCHOOLS: DOUBLE JEOPARDY IN MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT IN THE G8 COUNTRIES." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/765.
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Using the G8 countries’ (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States) samples from the 2003 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), this study aimed to explore the phenomenon of double jeopardy in mathematics achievement for socially disadvantaged students. Double jeopardy is a situation of dual penalties where coming from low socioeconomic status (SES) families and attending low SES schools results in concurrent penalties at both the student level and school level in mathematics achievement.
This study examined the phenomenon of double jeopardy in the G8 countries across four school locations: rural regions, towns, cities, and metropolitan areas. This study also examined four separate definitions of socioeconomic status in order to determine the effectiveness of each definition. The four definitions corresponded to four SES measures utilized in this study: father’s SES, mother’s SES, family occupation SES, and combined family SES.
Multilevel analysis with students nested within schools indicated that significant double jeopardy effects varied according to SES measure, school location, and country. However, the majority of the double jeopardy effects across all the variables were large in magnitude. Furthermore, the combined family SES and the metropolitan school location were often the most sensitive SES measure and school location, respectively, to double jeopardy in the G8 countries.
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Stahl, Günter, Chei Hwee Chua, and Amy L. Pablo. "Does National Context Affect Target Firm Employees' Trust in Acquisitions? A Policy-Capturing Study." Springer, 2012. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3613/1/MIR_%2D_Employee_Reactions_to_Takeovers_(Final__April_23_2011).pdf.
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In this study, we test the assumption that the way target firm employees respond to a takeover is contingent on their national origin.
The antecedents of target firm member trust in the acquiring firm management were examined in a cross-national sample of German and Singaporean employees using a policy-capturing design. Five factors hypothesized to affect target firm member trust after a takeover were found to
be significant influences on employees' trust judgments in a decision-making simulation: (i)
combining firms' collaboration history, (ii) mode of takeover, (iii) whether it was a domestic
or cross-border acquisition, (iv) degree of autonomy removal, and (v) attractiveness of the
acquiring firm's human resource policies and reward system. Further analyses suggest that
the relative importance of these factors in predicting target firm employees' reactions to a
takeover varies depending on their national origin.
We conclude that companies engaged in cross-border acquisitions need to consider contingencies
in the cultural and institutional contexts in which the acquired firms are embedded and
adapt their approaches for integrating them accordingly.
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Chine, Danielle R. "A Pathway to Success? A Longitudinal Study Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling of Student and School Effects on Academic Achievement in a Middle School STEM Program." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1619525650839685.
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Yamamoto, Scott Hiromi. "Individuals with Disabilities in Self-Employment through Vocational Rehabilitation Agencies across the United States." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11534.
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xv, 111 p. : ill.<br>Despite numerous legislative and programmatic efforts, individuals with disabilities continue to experience greater difficulties gaining employment and poorer outcomes of employment than individuals without disabilities. These disparities negatively impact society. My review of the U.S. empirical research literature suggests, however, that self-employment could improve employment opportunities and outcomes for individuals with disabilities, and their success is most influenced by individual characteristics, level of supports, and accountability systems. In this dissertation study, I used a nonexperimental research design to investigate six research questions with Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) statistical analyses. Extant data on more than a million clients of vocational rehabilitation (VR) agencies from the 50 states and District of Columbia for fiscal years 2003 to 2007 were obtained from the Rehabilitation Services Administration. Results of the HLM analysis indicated that among the significant (<italic>p</italic><.001) predictors of self-employment closure across the fiscal years, ethnicity had the strongest effect. The initial SEM analysis produced an inadmissible solution; the respecified model of individual characteristics, level of supports, and accountability systems produced a reasonable model fit in each fiscal year. The model invariance testing across the four U.S. Census Regions indicated a reasonable fit in each fiscal year when model parameters were freely estimated for each region, but very poor fit and significant differences were indicated when some parameters were fixed to be equal across the regions. The major limitations of this dissertation study are model misspecification in HLM and SEM and the small number of RSA fiscal years that were analyzed; causal inferences cannot be made. The primary implication of this study for researchers is using the results of the statistical analyses to develop and test theories about self-employment of individuals with disabilities through VR. The primary implication for VR is using the results to make decisions about services and agency policies. Recommendations for further research include (a) using Laplace estimation in HLM, (b) analyzing other HLM random effects and predictors, (c) testing a SEM model of different indicators and factor structure with Bayesian estimation, and (d) conducting empirical longitudinal studies given the complex developmental processes of self-employment.<br>Committee in charge: Richard Albin Chair;
Deanne Unruh, Member;
Deborah Olson, Member;
Lauren Lindstrom, Member;
Patricia Gwartney, Outside Member
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Mills, Maura Josephine. "Rethinking the hedonic treadmill within the context of Broaden and Build theory : developing resources through positive employees." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3876.
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Lewis, Scott Edwin. "An evaluation of a pedagogical reform designed for college chemistry teaching with large classes." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001472.
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Weinberg, Joanna Rose. "Does the Relationship Matter? A Closer Examination of the of Relationship Quality in Program Fidelity Research." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/54.
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Program evaluations are increasingly assessing the impact of treatment delivery and program processes on outcomes. The current study examined the effects of program fidelity, measured across various dimensions, and relationship quality on behavior change and knowledge gained outcomes in 241 middle and high school students who were participating in Expect Respect, an evidence-based dating violence prevention program. Cross-level, hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses found that program fidelity was not a significant predictor of participant outcomes. However, main effects for relationship quality were present for the knowledge gained outcome measure. Subsequent cross-level interactions provided further support for the importance of relationship quality in prevention program outcomes.
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Shen, Xia. "Novel Statistical Methods in Quantitative Genetics : Modeling Genetic Variance for Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping and Genomic Evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Beräknings- och systembiologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-170091.
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This thesis develops and evaluates statistical methods for different types of genetic analyses, including quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis, genome-wide association study (GWAS), and genomic evaluation. The main contribution of the thesis is to provide novel insights in modeling genetic variance, especially via random effects models. In variance component QTL analysis, a full likelihood model accounting for uncertainty in the identity-by-descent (IBD) matrix was developed. It was found to be able to correctly adjust the bias in genetic variance component estimation and gain power in QTL mapping in terms of precision. Double hierarchical generalized linear models, and a non-iterative simplified version, were implemented and applied to fit data of an entire genome. These whole genome models were shown to have good performance in both QTL mapping and genomic prediction. A re-analysis of a publicly available GWAS data set identified significant loci in Arabidopsis that control phenotypic variance instead of mean, which validated the idea of variance-controlling genes. The works in the thesis are accompanied by R packages available online, including a general statistical tool for fitting random effects models (hglm), an efficient generalized ridge regression for high-dimensional data (bigRR), a double-layer mixed model for genomic data analysis (iQTL), a stochastic IBD matrix calculator (MCIBD), a computational interface for QTL mapping (qtl.outbred), and a GWAS analysis tool for mapping variance-controlling loci (vGWAS).
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Comeau, Colleen. "Impact of school context on the relations between deviant peer affiliations and problem behaviors during the middle school years : an exploratory analysis using hierarchical linear modeling /." view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3190510.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-113). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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"Subjective well-being across nations--: a hierarchical linear modeling approach." 1998. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5889625.
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LI, YU-HAN, and 黎宇涵. "An Application of Hierarchical Linear Modeling on Longitudinal Teaching Performance." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27328078477032071003.
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碩士<br>國立臺北大學<br>統計學系<br>97<br>In the educational field, a longitudinal analysis of teaching performance is one of the important discussions on teaching evaluation. To understand the change of teachers’ teaching performance, it not only help school in teacher’s evaluation and course arrangement, but also offers references to teachers in teaching improvement.
Longitudinal design is the repeated measures of the same people/group over time that is used in research of change. The purpose of this study is to apply the repeated measures ANOVA/MANOVA approach and hierarchical linear models(HLM) to analyze designated teachers’ teaching performance during eight semesters. The comparison of the repeated measures ANOVA/MANOVA to hierarchical linear modeling in analyzing this longitudinal data is discusses in this research. The changes in teaching performances of schools, departments and teachers respectively by the longitudinal teaching evaluation analysis are also explored. The results of the analysis will offer references to school and teachers for further teaching improvement.
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Chang-TingLu and 盧昶廷. "The Design Evaluation of Eco-Utensils Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32414724609033270379.
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Cheng, Chiao-Li, and 鄭巧莉. "Application of Hierarchical Linear Modeling on Viewing Behavior of Performing Arts." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69566712492719880451.
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碩士<br>國立臺北教育大學<br>文化創意產業經營學系<br>99<br>This study aims to explore the characteristics of viewing behavior of performing arts, to identify the variables that influence viewing behavior, and to analyze the relationships between different variables.
Viewing behavior is surveyed with questionnaire, and applied on hierarchical linear model to examine whether the variables, including social resources, contact experience, aesthetic accomplishment, popularity of the program, viewing frequency, and program category, significantly influence viewing behavior.
The result indicates that music is most widespread. In addition, social resources, contact experience, and aesthetic accomplishment play important roles in viewing behavior; above all, aesthetic accomplishment is the most important one. According to these results, viewing behavior of performing arts might be guided to become a habit, and stimulates the involvement of the audience.
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WANG, MEI, and 王玫. "Applying Hierarchical Linear Modeling to Analyze Hearing Loss of Ramp Workers." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ycw7w7.
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碩士<br>開南大學<br>觀光運輸學院碩士在職專班<br>106<br>The aircraft maintenance jobs separates into two parts— line maintenance and base maintenance. The line maintenance jobs include regular checks on aircraft transit, refueling, troubleshooting etc. in order to maintain aircrafts’ airworthiness. This job site is located at the aircraft apron where the noise exceeds 85 dBA due to the frequent take-off and landing by aircrafts. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Act, it is considered as noise hazard area. Consequently, it is very likely to cause occupational hearing loss if workers are exposed to noise in excess of an exposure limit without wearing hearing protection. In order to understand the patterns of hearing loss for ramp workers, this study applying Hierarchical Linear Modeling to analyze the hearing test data of an airline basing on Taoyuan International Airport for five consecutive years. The results of this study can provide employers a reference with respects to hearing screening for new employees and hearing protection for aircraft maintenance workers. Additionally, the study can be used as a training material for these workers as to reinforce the hearing protection.
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Chen, Lu-Tung, and 陳律通. "Analyses of Team Performance in Online Game by Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f48bue.
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碩士<br>靜宜大學<br>企業管理研究所<br>97<br>Online games become a component of player’s leisure activity, but some players play like a job. In online games, some players need to follow the raid leader’s instructions, enter online game in time and know the details about the missions which they will attend. In current study, we examine the relationship between raid leaders and members in raid teams and use a numbers of variables to describe the leader (i.e., emotional intelligence, leadership) and the member (i.e., emotional intelligence, trust, knowledge, skill and ability). Based on the sample of raid leaders and members in online game ”World of Warcraft”, the research was used a two-level Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) to analysis the relationship of the raid leaders and members. The result indicated that leadership in team-level is more likely to control members in the raid teams. Furthermore, individual-level factors were significantly associated with team performance: trust, knowledge, skill and ability.
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Hsieh, Hui-Yu, and 謝蕙宇. "Corporate Governance and Cash Holdings Theory: An Empirical Analysis of Hierarchical Linear Modeling." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3akbdf.
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碩士<br>東吳大學<br>國際經營與貿易學系<br>102<br>The present study employed the HLM to analyze how the industrial-level factors and firm-level factors of the Taiwanese listed companies from 2002 to 2013 affect the cash holding of companies. Companies not only need to understand the relationship between firm-level factors and cash holdings, but also need to take industrial factors into consideration because when including different industrial factors, the cash holdings change accordingly. The result demonstrates that board ownership positively affect a company’s cash holding when considering industrial concentration, industrial volatility, and industrial research and development rate. In terms of numbers of outside board members, the result shows that it also positively affects the cash holding of the company when considering industrial return rate. Last but not least, when taking industrial volatility and industrial return rate into consideration, the board size also positively affect a company’s cash holding, reversing the relationship between cash holdings and firm-level factors. It also means that when companies are making decisions on cash holdings, they should consider the industrial environment their companies are in, analyze the optimal cash holdings, effectively exercise their cash holdings, further enhancing the value of their companies.