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Journal articles on the topic 'High-current low-voltage applications'

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Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 20 July 2025

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EMERY, FRANKLIN T., and JUNG L. WU. "Current Limiting Protector for Low Voltage, High Current Applications." Naval Engineers Journal 101, no. 3 (1989): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1989.tb02206.x.

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ARSLAN, EMRE, and AVNİ MORGÜL. "SELF-BIASING CURRENT CONVEYOR FOR HIGH FREQUENCY APPLICATIONS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 21, no. 05 (2012): 1250039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126612500399.

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A new, self-biasing, differential pair-based and high performance CMOS CCII circuit is proposed which uses no additional biasing voltage or current sources other than the two supply rails. The proposed circuit has high voltage swings on ports X and Y, very low equivalent impedance on port X, high equivalent impedances on ports Y and Z and also wideband voltage and current transfer ratios. The noise analysis of the proposed CCII circuit is studied. Input referred noise voltage at high impedance port Y and input referred noise current at low impedance port X are obtained to form the noise model. Some filter circuits are selected from the literature and their noise comparisons are performed. It is shown that the noise values can differ greatly even though the filter circuits or the passive element values are identical.

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Xunwei Zhou, Peng Xu, and F. C. Lee. "A novel current-sharing control technique for low-voltage high-current voltage regulator module applications." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 15, no. 6 (2000): 1153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/63.892830.

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Kumar, P. Devendra. "Analysis of Low Voltage Bulk-Driven High Swing Cascode Current Mirrors for Low Voltage Applications." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology V, no. VIII (2017): 691–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2017.8100.

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Shrivastava, Abhishek, Rishikesh Pandey, and Caffey Jindal. "Low-Voltage Flipped Voltage Follower Cell Based Current Mirrors for High Frequency Applications." Wireless Personal Communications 111, no. 1 (2019): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-06849-2.

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MANHAS, PARSHOTAM S., and K. PAL. "REALIZATION OF LOW-VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE CURRENT CONVEYOR." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 21, no. 04 (2012): 1250031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126612500314.

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This paper presents floating gate MOSFET (FGMOS)-based second generation differential voltage current conveyor (DVCCII) at low voltage levels. In analog circuit design, the FGMOS transistors are very often used in low voltage circuits, where the reduction obtained in the transistor apparent threshold voltage is of great importance. The given circuit provides very high input impedance at its Y-terminals, low output impedance at X-terminal and high impedance at Z-terminals and consumes less power. This circuit is a powerful building block, especially for applications demanding differential or floating inputs. The circuit behavior has been verified using PSpice simulations for 0.5 μm technology and indicates the excellent performance.

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Xiong, Hu, Jiayuan Li, Bin Xiang, Xiaoguang Jiang, and Yuan Mao. "A High Frequency Multiphase Modular Hybrid Transformerless DC/DC Converter for High-Voltage-Gain High-Current Applications." Energies 16, no. 6 (2023): 2518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062518.

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In order to meet the demands of desirable efficiency, transformerless DC/DC equipment with great voltage step-down are inevitable needed. This research offers a unique type of high-frequency, high-voltage-gain DC/DC converter, which comprises a switched capacitor (SC) converter and a buck converter. Thanks to the transformation of a two-stage converter to a single-stage converter, it has a considerable ratio of step-down voltage transformation and a reasonable duty cycle. In addition, it can permit low voltage stress on the switches. The simple control method and easy driving circuit implementation makes it scalable for high-power-level devices. Low cost can be realized as fewer components are needed. Under all operational circumstances, total soft-charging and low equipment voltage stresses are accomplished. Compared to those classic high-voltage-gain converters, the proposed converter exhibits merits of higher efficiency, higher flexibility, lower ripples, and lower costs. A comprehensive analysis is carried out for the converter’s steady-state operations. With a 1 MHz switching frequency, a 900 W prototype of a 20-time converter is constructed, with a peak efficiency of 92.5%. Simulations and experiments verify the effectiveness of the theoretical investigation of the converter’s operation.

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Cruz, Juan, Miguel Castilla, Jaume Miret, Jose Luis Garcia De Vicuna, and Josep M. Guerrero. "Design of hysteretic regulators for low voltage and high-current applications." International Journal of Industrial Electronics and Drives 1, no. 1 (2009): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijied.2009.025343.

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Lindemann, Andreas. "Optimisation of Low Voltage Power MOSFET Components for High Current Applications." EPE Journal 15, no. 3 (2005): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09398368.2005.11463591.

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Wu, Yangbo, and Jianping Hu. "Low-voltage MOS Current Mode Logic for Low-Power and High Speed Applications." Information Technology Journal 10, no. 12 (2011): 2470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/itj.2011.2470.2475.

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Chaturvedi, Bhartendu, and Atul Kumar. "High CMRR Current-Mode Instrumentation Amplifier for Low Voltage and Low Power Applications." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 104 (May 2019): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2019.01.010.

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Hassen, Néjib, Houda Bdiri Gabbouj, and Kamel Besbes. "Low-voltage high-performance current mirrors: Application to linear voltage-to-current converter." International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 39, no. 1 (2011): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cta.618.

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Keat, ChongWei, Jeevan Kanesan, and Harikrishnan Ramiah. "Low-voltage, High-precision Bandgap Current Reference Circuit." IETE Journal of Research 58, no. 6 (2012): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0377-2063.106760.

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Safari, Leila, and Shahram Minaei. "A Low-Voltage Low-Power Resistor-Based Current Mirror and Its Applications." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 11 (2017): 1750180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126617501808.

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In this paper, a CMOS resistor-based current mirror (RBCM) aimed to be used in low-voltage applications is presented. The main features of the proposed current mirror are very low input voltage requirement (a few mV), low output voltage requirement, high output impedance and simple circuitry. The core structure of the proposed RBCM consists of three transistors (excluding bias circuitry) and two low value grounded resistors. The proposed circuit alleviates the need for cascode structures which are conventionally used to boost the output impedance and linearity. SPICE simulations using 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS technology parameters under supply voltage of 0.9[Formula: see text]V are reported which show input and output voltage requirements of 40[Formula: see text]mV and 0.1[Formula: see text]V respectively, low THD of 1.2%, [Formula: see text] of 496[Formula: see text][Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] of 1[Formula: see text]M[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]3[Formula: see text]dB bandwidth of 181[Formula: see text]MHz and power dissipation of 154[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W. A high CMRR differential amplifier and a high performance current difference circuit as applications of the proposed RBCM are given. The proposed RBCM is very useful in tackling restrictions of modern technologies such as reduced supply voltage and transistors low intrinsic output impedance.

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Caliari, Luca, Paola Bettacchi, Evangelista Boni, et al. "KEMET SMD Film Capacitors for High Temperature Applications." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2013, HITEN (2013): 000013–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hiten-ma13.

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Trends of several applications like down-hole drilling, commercial aviation (e.g. jet engines), heavy industrial and automotive are challenging the capabilities of capacitors and other electronic components. The growing harsh-environment conditions for these applications are: high temperature, high voltage and high current. At the capacitor component level, required features are: very high reliability under mechanical shock, rapid changes in temperature, low leakage current (high insulation resistance), small dimensions, good stability with time and humidity, and high peak withstanding voltage. Capacitors for power-conversion circuitry must maintain a low AC loss and DC leakage at high temperatures. KEMET has recently designed film capacitor series using PEN to address the needs of the above mentioned circuits, in particular regarding the working temperature, voltage and current. This paper will cover technological advances in film capacitor technology to address harsh environment conditions needs, providing test results on temperature, voltage and thermal shock acceleration factor.

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Rajput, S. S., and S. S. Jamuar. "Low Voltage, Low Power and High Performance Current Conveyors for Low Voltage Analog and Mixed Mode Signal Processing Applications." Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 41, no. 1 (2004): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:alog.0000038280.45676.e0.

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Shi, Leilei, Jiaqi Fan, and Shengming Huang. "An LDO without a Capacitor Required in Applications." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2625, no. 1 (2023): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2625/1/012018.

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Abstract Linear voltage regulator with low voltage dropout is widely used in DC/DC circuits because of the advantages of simple structure, low noise, high efficiency, and small package size. In this paper, high stability LDO linear voltage regulator with low static current is designed. By using a voltage detection module, the pass transistor in the regulator can be quickly regulated or switched on and off under load transient conditions. In addition, the stability of the LDO is improved by using an NMOS pass transistor and diode clamp architecture. The test results show that the typical values of linear adjustment and load adjustment of the voltage regulator are 20 mV and 200 mV, respectively. The maximum output current is 60 mA, the load current is 20 mA, and the output pressure difference under 4.8 V output voltage is 210 mV. Compared with traditional LDO, although the output current is not the maximum, the difference and stability of output pressure are greatly improved.

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Zarghani, Mostafa, Sadegh Mohsenzade, Amirabbas Hadizade, and Shahriyar Kaboli. "An Extremely Low Ripple High Voltage Power Supply for Pulsed Current Applications." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 35, no. 8 (2020): 7991–8001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2020.2966682.

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Noh, Young-Jae, Han Xu, Cheol-Ha Kang, Eun-Soo Kim, and Sang-Ho Jang. "Two Stage High Step-Up Converter for Low Input Voltage and High Current Applications." Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics 17, no. 6 (2012): 507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.6113/tkpe.2012.17.6.507.

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Dheeraj, Alagu, and V. Rajini. "Center Clamped Forward Converter for High Current Applications." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 14, no. 1 (2017): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2017.6333.

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High current applications like Microprocessors, Fuel cells, Electric Hybrid Vehicles, Solar Cells etc., use interleaved isolated buck derived converter. Interleaving of converters for such high current applications converters is done to achieve reduced input capacitor ripple voltages, output capacitor ripple current cancellation and reduced peak currents of output inductors. Generally, interleaving requires a higher number of transformers through which distributed magnetics can be achieved. i.e., one bulky transformer can be replaced with low power profile transformers. The performance of forward converter depends on core resetting of the main transformer. The core’s magnetizing energy is recycled by resetting it. In the absence of core reset, the current builds up at each switching cycle, saturates the core, causes reverse recovery problem in the diode and the active clamp will no longer in zero voltage state during turn on of the main switch. The transformer secondary output is used as a gating pulse for Synchronous Rectifiers. These have very low forward drop which are most suitable for high current applications. Among various used clamping methods, the transformer core is optimized effectively by Active center clamp reset approach. The proposed method results in less number of switches and clamping capacitor, and lower cost compared to conventional forward converter. Reduction in voltage stress without losing duty-cycle ratio is also achieved by means of a series-parallel connected switch structure with Self Driven Synchronous Rectifiers. The proposed center clamp converter overcomes the Maximum Duty cycle limitation of 50%. This paper mainly focuses on active center clamp forward converter and is also compared with Active Positive Negative clamping techniques.

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He, Jiangping, Xinrui Liu, and Yankun Xia. "A novel LDO circuit with high-speed current detection." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2807, no. 1 (2024): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2807/1/012008.

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Abstract This paper proposes a Low Dropout Regulator (LDO) circuit with high-speed current detection. The current detection circuit utilizes a latch-based structure to expedite comparisons and perform detection. Its primary objective is overcurrent protection in certain practical applications, achieving current limit functionality. The LDO circuit structure can stably provide a 5 V output voltage under a 9 V input voltage, with a maximum output current limit of 70 mA. In practical applications, the circuit can function with a load current of 40 mA, resulting in an output voltage (Vout) of 4.96 V. In the design of the LDO circuit, the Error Amplifier (EA) module departs from conventional internal structures, employing a dual-potential folded cascode common-gate common-source amplifier. This choice enhances parameters such as EA gain and Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR). The gain achieves 98 dB, and the low-frequency PSR reaches 92 dB. Simultaneously, the dual potential configuration significantly economizes the layout area required in practical implementations. The LDO is designed using a 0.18 μm standard CMOS process.

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Zhang, Zhiliang, Eric Meyer, Yan-Fei Liu, and Paresh C. Sen. "A Nonisolated ZVS Self-Driven Current Tripler Topology for Low-Voltage and High-Current Applications." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 26, no. 2 (2011): 512–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2010.2064335.

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Yaseen, Md, and Dr P. Usha. "Transformerless high gain boost converter for low power applications with feedback control." TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering 16, no. 2 (2015): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/tijee.v16i2.1609.

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A transformer-less boost converter which provides high voltage gain without utilizing transformer or coupled inductors and extreme duty cycle is proposed in this paper. Also it is able to cancel the ripples in the input current at a preselected duty cycle, without increasing the number of components. The converter combines the features of boost converter and a three switch high voltage converter. At the input side, two inductors are interleaved for cancelling the input current ripple and at the output side switched capacitor voltage multiplier is used to increase the voltage gain. Feedback control is used to make the output voltage constant in spite of variation in the input or load or both i.e. both line and load regulation is accompanied. This proposed converter configuration helps eliminate the input current ripple and provides voltage deregulation for low power applications.

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Obi, P. I., C. S. Ezeonye, and E. A. Amako. "APPLICATIONS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS IN ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS: A REVIEW." ARID ZONE JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT 17, no. 4 (2021): 481–94. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14520340.

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<em>This paper presents a review on the applications of various types of circuit breakers (CB) used in electric power transmission and distribution. Circuit breakers are majorly classified under direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) system. It shows that the most suitable way of classifying circuit breakers is on the level of voltage rating which is broadly grouped under direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) circuit breakers. However, reviewed literatures did not clearly distinguish the respective applications of the different types of circuit breakers as applied to DC and AC power network. The DC circuit breakers which comprises of mechanical, solid-state and hybrid breakers are mostly applied in domestic and industrial applications that employ the use of direct current (DC) especially in high voltage direct current (HVDC) network system for the protection of electrical devices. AC circuit breakers are grouped in high voltage and low voltage forms. The low voltage CB comprises of miniature and molded case circuit breakers used majorly in domestic and commercial installations. The high voltage circuit breakers are further subdivided into oil and oil-less forms. The oil-less CB is made up air, vacuum and sulphur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>) circuit breakers. These high voltage circuit breakers are majorly applied in high voltage and extra high voltage transmission systems for protection of power system equipment and electrical machines.</em>

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Rajput, S. S., and S. S. Jamuar. "Low voltage, low power, high performance current mirror for portable analogue and mixed mode applications." IEE Proceedings - Circuits, Devices and Systems 148, no. 5 (2001): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-cds:20010441.

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Boscaino, V., and G. Capponi. "A High-Efficiency, Low-Cost Solution for On-Board Power Converters." Advances in Power Electronics 2012 (November 25, 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/259756.

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Wide-input, low-voltage, and high-current applications are addressed. A single-ended isolated topology which improves the power efficiency, reduces both switching and conduction losses, and heavily lowers the system cost is presented. During each switching cycle, the transformer core reset is provided. The traditional tradeoff between the maximum allowable duty-cycle and the reset voltage is avoided and the off-voltage of active switches is clamped to the input voltage. Therefore, the system cost is heavily reduced and the converter is well suited for wide-input applications. Zero-voltage switching is achieved for active switches, and the power efficiency is greatly improved. In the output mesh, an inductor is included making the converter suitable for high-current, low-voltage applications. Since the active clamp forward converter is the closest competitor of the proposed converter, a comparison is provided as well. In this paper, the steady-state and small-signal analysis of the proposed converter is presented. Design examples are provided for further applications. Simulation and experimental results are shown to validate the great advantages brought by the proposed topology.

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Abramov, Eli, Michael Evzelman, and Mor Mordechai Peretz. "Low-Voltage Sub-Nanosecond Pulsed Current Driver IC for High-Speed LIDAR Applications." IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 8, no. 3 (2020): 3001–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jestpe.2019.2932143.

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Xu, Guoying, Haisheng Yu, Huachang Zou, Hao Yang, and Ming Cheng. "Current Doubler Rectifier for High Power and Low Voltage DC/DC Converter Applications." Lecture Notes on Photonics and Optoelectronics 1, no. 2 (2013): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12720/lnpo.1.2.48-51.

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Renyuan Huang and Chin-Long Wey. "Design of high-speed high-accuracy current copiers for low-voltage analog signal processing applications." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing 43, no. 12 (1996): 836–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/82.553400.

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Lin, Bor-Ren. "Soft Switching DC Converter for Medium Voltage Applications." Electronics 7, no. 12 (2018): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7120449.

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A dc-dc converter with asymmetric pulse-width modulation is presented for medium voltage applications, such as three-phase ac-dc converters, dc microgrid systems, or dc traction systems. To overcome high voltage stress on primary side and high current rating on secondary side, three dc-dc circuits with primary-series secondary-parallel structure are employed in the proposed converter. Current doubler rectifiers are used on the secondary side to achieve low ripple current on output side. Asymmetric pulse-width modulation is adopted to realize soft switching operation for power switches for wide load current operation and achieve high circuit efficiency. Current balancing cells with magnetic component are used on the primary side to achieve current balance in each circuit cell. The voltage balance capacitors are also adopted on primary side to realize voltage balance of input split capacitors. Finally, the circuit performance is confirmed and verified from the experiments with a 1.44 kW prototype.

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Chavoshisani, Reza, Mohammad Hossein Moaiyeri, and Omid Hashemipour. "A high-performance low-voltage current-mode min/max circuit." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 34, no. 4 (2015): 1172–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-10-2014-0245.

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Purpose – Current-mode approach promises faster and more precise comparators that lead to high-performance and accurate winner-take-all circuits. The purpose of this paper is to present a new high-performance, high-accuracy current-mode min/max circuit for low-voltage applications. In addition, the proposed circuit is designed based on a new efficient high-resolution current conveyor-based fully differential current comparator. Design/methodology/approach – The proposed design detects the min and max values of two analog current signals by means of a current comparator and a logic module. The comparator compares the values of the input current signals accurately and generates two digital control signals and the logic module determines the min and max values based on the controls signals. In addition, an accurate current copy module is utilized to copy the input current signals and convey them to the comparator and the logic module. Findings – The results of the comprehensive simulations, conducted using HSPICE with the TSMC 90 nm CMOS technology, demonstrate the high-performance and robust operation of the proposed design even in the presence of process, temperature, input current and supply voltage variations. For a case in point, for 5 μA differential input current the average propagation delay and power consumption of the proposed circuit are attained as 150 ps and 150 µW, respectively, which leads to more than 64 percent improvement in terms of power-delay product as compared with the most efficient design, previously presented in the literature. Originality/value – A new efficient structure for current-mode min-max circuit is proposed based on a novel current comparator design which is accurate, high-performance and robust to process, voltage and temperature variations.

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Yang, Zheng, Jingmin Wang, Yani Li, and Yintang Yang. "A 20-mV Input DC/DC Converter for Energy Harvesting Applications." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 24, no. 05 (2015): 1550070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812661550070x.

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A low input step-up DC/DC converter and power manager in 0.18-μm CMOS process is presented. The proposed converter can work with the input voltage as low as 20 mV. The extremely low input voltage makes it suitable for energy harvesting and power management. Four logic controlled outputs provide the best voltage for various applications to accommodate low power design requirements. A low current low dropout regulator (LDO) is utilized to provide a regulated 2.2 V output for powering low power processors or other low power integrated circuit (ICs). Reserve energy on the storage capacitor CSTORE provides power when the input voltage source is unavailable, thus prolongs the life of the system and expands the application range. Extremely low quiescent current (6 μA) and high efficiency design (64%@300 μA load current) ensure the fastest possible charge times of the output reservoir capacitor. This work provides a complete power management solution for wireless sensing and data acquisition.

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Vorobyov, Maxim, and Kristaps Vitols. "Low-Cost Voltage Zero-Crossing Detector for AC-Grid Applications." Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering 6, no. 1 (2014): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ecce-2014-0015.

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Abstract Renewable energy sources and energy storage devices are becoming more popular. Some of them like small hydropower turbines, wind turbines and diesel generators produce AC voltage with different frequency and voltage than the main grid. For them power electronics converters are necessary. Power electronics converters presented in industry use two or three level energy conversion, although direct AC to AC converters exist, but one of the main problems is the switch commutation when current or voltage is crossing the zero point. Zero crossing sensors are used to solve this problem. They consist of current or voltage measurement unit and zero crossing detector. Different approaches are used for zero crossing: hardware or software. Hardware approach is simple but it has low precision. Software approach has high precision but it is complicated and expensive. In this paper a simple low cost high precision approach is presented. It takes all advantages from both approaches. While tested with two types of microcontrollers the precision of experimental measurement is 25 μs - 40 μs.

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Ferri, G., and N. Guerrini. "High-valued passive element simulation using low-voltage low-power current conveyors for fully integrated applications." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing 48, no. 4 (2001): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/82.933805.

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Chen, Haoze, and Pak Kwong Chan. "A Low-Voltage Low-Power Voltage-to-Current Converter with Low Temperature Coefficient Design Awareness." Sensors 25, no. 4 (2025): 1204. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25041204.

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This paper presents a low-voltage, low-power voltage-to-current converter (V-I Converter) implemented in TSMC 40 nm CMOS technology. Operating at a supply voltage of 0.45 V with an input range of 0.1 V to 0.3 V, the proposed circuit achieves a temperature coefficient of 54.68 ppm/°C, which is at least 2× better than prior works, ensuring stable performance across a wide temperature range (−20 °C to 80 °C). The design employs a three-stage operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with a Q-reduction frequency compensation technique to produce programmable output currents while maintaining a power dissipation of less than 2.76 μW. With a bandwidth of 34.45 kHz and a total harmonic distortion (THD) of −56.66 dB at 1 kHz and 0.1 VPP input signal, the circuit demonstrates high linearity and low power consumption under ultra-low voltage design scenarios. These features make the proposed V-I Converter highly suitable for energy-constrained applications such as biomedical sensors, energy harvesting systems, and IoT nodes, where low power consumption and temperature stability are critical parameters.

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Martínez-Nieto, Javier, María Sanz-Pascual, Nicolás Medrano-Marqués, Belén Calvo-López, and Arturo Sarmiento-Reyes. "High-Linearity Self-Biased CMOS Current Buffer." Electronics 7, no. 12 (2018): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7120423.

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A highly linear fully self-biased class AB current buffer designed in a standard 0.18 μ m CMOS process with 1.8 V power supply is presented in this paper. It is a simple structure that, with a static power consumption of 48 μ W, features an input resistance as low as 89 Ω , high accuracy in the input–output current ratio and total harmonic distortion (THD) figures lower than −60 dB at 30 μ A amplitude signal and 1 kHz frequency. Robustness was proved through Monte Carlo and corner simulations, and finally validated through experimental measurements, showing that the proposed configuration is a suitable choice for high performance low voltage low power applications.

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Hashemzadeh, Seyed Majid, Ebrahim Babaei, Seyed Hossein Hosseini, and Mehran Sabahi. "Design and Analysis of a New Coupled Inductor-Based Interleaved High Step-Up DC-DC Converter for Renewable Energy Applications." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (September 9, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7618242.

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In this paper, a novel nonisolated interleaved high step-up DC-DC converter is proposed based on the coupled inductor and voltage multiplier cell (VMC) methods. Due to the interleaved structure, its input current ripple is low. The low input current ripple and also high power efficiency make the proposed converter suitable for renewable energy applications like photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC) power generation systems. The windings of the coupled inductors are combined with VMCs to further increase the output voltage with a low power switch’s duty cycle. This combination also leads to obtaining a flexible voltage gain that can be adjusted by coupled inductors’ turns ratio and power switches’ duty cycle. The voltage peaks over semiconductors are much lower than the output voltage. Therefore, low-rated semiconductors can be used for the implementation of the proposed converter, which can reduce the cost and volume. Generally, high voltage gain, low voltage, current stress of power switches, low input current ripple, high efficiency, common ground between the input and output ports, and a low number of elements are the main benefits of the suggested structure. The operation principle, steady-state analysis, and comparison with other converters are presented to show the advantages of the suggested converter. Also, a prototype is built, and the experimental results are presented to prove the theoretical analysis. This prototype is implemented with 200 W rated power, 25 V∼400 V voltage conversion, and 50 kHz switching frequency. Additionally, the efficiency is measured at 95.3% at the rated power.

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Dusé, Yoann, Fabien Laplace, Nicolas Joubert, et al. "Robust True LDO Linear Voltage Regulator and Digitally Trimmable Buffered Precision Voltage Reference for High-Temperature, Low-Voltage Applications." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2013, HITEN (2013): 000096–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hiten-mp17.

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We present in this paper two new products for high-temperature, low-voltage (2.8V to 5.5V) power management applications. The first product is an original implementation of a monolithic low dropout regulator (XTR70010), able to deliver up to 1A at 230°C with less than 1V of dropout. This new voltage regulator can source an output current level up to 1.5A. The regulated output voltage can be selected among 32 preset values from 0.5V to 3.6V in steps of 100mV, or it can be obtained with a pair of external resistors. The circuit integrates complex analog and digital control blocks providing state of the art features such as UVLO protection, chip enable control, soft start-up and soft shut-down, hiccup short-circuit protection, customer selectable thermal shut-down, input power supply protection, output overshoot remover and stability over an extremely wide range of load capacitances. The circuit offers a fair ±2% absolute accuracy and is guaranteed latch-up free. The second product is an advanced high-temperature, low-power, digitally trimmable voltage reference (XTR75020). Thanks to a custom, 1-wire serial interface, the absolute precision and the temperature coefficient can be adjusted in order to obtain an accuracy better than 0.5% with a temperature coefficient bellow ±20ppm/°C. On-chip OTP memory for trimming of absolute value and temperature coefficient makes the circuit extremely accurate and almost insensitive to drifts over time and temperature. The circuit features a class AB output buffer able to source or sink up to 5mA and remains stable with any load capacitance up to 50μF. The XTR75020 has nine preset possible output voltages. The source and sink short circuit current always remains bellow 25mA. The quiescent current consumption is 300μA typical at 230°C while the standby current is, in all cases, under 20μA. Both devices are designed on a latch-up free silicon-on-insulator process.

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Mu, Ye, Tianli Hu, He Gong, Lijun Wang, and Shijun Li. "A dual-stage low-power converter driving for piezoelectric actuator applied in micro robot." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 16, no. 1 (2019): 172988141982684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881419826849.

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In this article, a dual-stage converter driving for a piezoelectric actuator based on flyback circuit was designed and implemented, which could be applied in a micro robot. A low-voltage direct current could be converted to a high-voltage alternating current through flyback circuit and direct current/alternating current circuit in low-power condition. In the direct current/direct current stage, the charging and discharging process was realized to generate a high voltage bias from a low voltage directly supplied by battery. Then, the high voltage was converted into alternating waveform by an energy recovery circuit in direct current/alternating current stage. Experiments were conducted to verify the ability of the proposed converter to drive a 100-V-input piezoelectric bimorph actuator using a prototype 108 mg (excluding printed circuit board mass), 169 (13 × 13) mm2, and 500-mW converter. According to the experimental results, this converter could be used for driving piezoelectric actuator applied in micro robot.

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da Silva, Pablo Dutra, and Pedro Bertemes Filho. "Switched CMOS current source compared to enhanced Howland circuit for bio-impedance applications." Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance 15, no. 1 (2024): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/joeb-2024-0017.

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Abstract Bio-impedance Spectroscopy (BIS) is a technique that allows tissue analysis to diagnose a variety of diseases, such as medical imaging, cancer diagnosis, muscle fatigue detection, glucose measurement, and others under research. The development of CMOS integrated circuit front-ends for bioimpedance analysis is required by the increasing use of wearable devices in the healthcare field, as they offer key features for battery-powered wearable devices. These features include high miniaturization, low power consumption, and low voltage power supply. A key circuit in BIS systems is the current source, and one of the most common topology is the Enhanced Howland Current Source (EHCS). EHCS is also used when the current driver is driven by a pseudo-random signal like discrete interval binary sequences (DIBS), which, due to its broadband nature, requires high performance operational amplifiers. These facts lead to the need for a current source more compatible with DIBS signals, ultra-low power supply, standard CMOS integrated circuit, output current amplitude independent of input voltage amplitude, high output impedance, high load capability, high output voltage swing, and the possibility of tetra-polar BIS analysis, that is a pseudotetra-polar in the case of EHCS. The objective of this work is to evaluate the performance of the Switching CMOS Current Source (SCMOSCS) over EHCS using a Cole-skin model as a load using SPICE simulations (DC and AC sweeps and transient analysis). The SCMOSCS demonstrated an output impedance of more than 20 MΩ, a ± 2.5 V output voltage swing from a +3.3 V supply, a 275 μA current consumption, and a 10 kΩ load capacity. These results contrast with the + 1.5 V output voltage swing, the 3 kΩ load capacity, and the 4.9 mA current of the EHCS case.

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Ahmad, Javed, Mohammad Zaid, Adil Sarwar, et al. "A New High-Gain DC-DC Converter with Continuous Input Current for DC Microgrid Applications." Energies 14, no. 9 (2021): 2629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092629.

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The growth of renewable energy in the last two decades has led to the development of new power electronic converters. The DC microgrid can operate in standalone mode, or it can be grid-connected. A DC microgrid consists of various distributed generation (DG) units like solar PV arrays, fuel cells, ultracapacitors, and microturbines. The DC-DC converter plays an important role in boosting the output voltage in DC microgrids. DC-DC converters are needed to boost the output voltage so that a common voltage from different sources is available at the DC link. A conventional boost converter (CBC) suffers from the problem of limited voltage gain, and the stress across the switch is usually equal to the output voltage. The output from DG sources is low and requires high-gain boost converters to enhance the output voltage. In this paper, a new high-gain DC-DC converter with quadratic voltage gain and reduced voltage stress across switching devices was proposed. The proposed converter was an improvement over the CBC and quadratic boost converter (QBC). The converter utilized only two switched inductors, two capacitors, and two switches to achieve the gain. The converter was compared with other recently developed topologies in terms of stress, the number of passive components, and voltage stress across switching devices. The loss analysis also was done using the Piecewise Linear Electrical Circuit Simulation (PLCES). The experimental and theoretical analyses closely agreed with each other.

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Yu, Gang, Quanzhen Duan, Baozeng Zhou, and Shengming Huang. "A MOSFET subdivision, MOSFET-only subthreshold voltage and current reference for LDO applications." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2625, no. 1 (2023): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2625/1/012051.

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Abstract This paper proposes a MOSFET-only voltage and current reference circuit, which can simultaneously provide a 2 V reference voltage and 300 nA reference current. This design is mainly used in a low-power Low-Dropout Regulator (LDO) project, after simulation verification, which works well in LDO applications. The circuit is performed by SMIC.18 CMOS technology and simulation with the Cadence platform, with different threshold voltage MOSFET circuit design. The whole circuit works in the subthreshold area, and the overall circuit consists of the start-up circuit, the current reference circuit, the voltage reference circuit, the MOSFET subdivision circuit, and the current mirror output circuit. The circuit has the characteristics of high precision and low power consumption, with a layout size of only 0.015 mm2. Under a temperature range of -30 to 70 °C and a power voltage of 3.3 V, the simulation and post-simulation temperature coefficients (TC) of the circuit are 5.4 ppm/°C and 19.4 ppm/°C, respectively. The post-simulation output reference voltage at room temperature is 2.0008 V, and the working power voltage within the circuit error range is 3.2 V to 3.4 V. Excluding the current mirror output circuit part of the Current-Quiescent (IQ) being 530 nA, the power consumption is 1.75 μW when the supply voltage is 3.3 V, and the design goal is reached.

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Zarepour, Ahmad, Amirhossein Rajaei, Hooman Mohammadi-Moghadam, and Mahdi Shahparasti. "A High Gain AC-DC Rectifier Based on Current-Fed Cockcroft-Walton Voltage Multiplier for Motor Drive Applications." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (2021): 12317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112317.

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This paper proposes a novel high-gain AC-DC converter based on the Cockcroft-Walton (CW) voltage multiplier which can be utilized in motor drive systems with low input voltage. In this topology, use of the voltage multiplier and boost circuit results in the increment of converter gain which has a significant impact on the cost and efficiency of the system. Moreover, in this converter, the AC voltage is directly changed to DC voltage using the switching method in high frequency and, as well, the power factor is corrected. Besides, this high-frequency converter contributes to the reduction of output ripple. On the other hand, cost efficiency, the low voltage stress on capacitors and diodes, compactness, and the high voltage ratio, are achieved from the Cockcroft-Walton circuit. Furthermore, the hysteresis method is presented for converter switching to correct the power factor. The converter is simulated in MATLAB software to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested method. Lastly, a laboratory prototype of the suggested converter is built, several tests are done in order to verify the theoretical analysis, and comprehensive comparison with the state-of-the-art converter is done.

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Veliadis, Victor, Harold Hearne, Ty McNutt, Megan Snook, Paul Potyraj, and Charles Scozzie. "VJFET Based All-SiC Normally-Off Cascode Switch for High Temperature Power Handling Applications." Materials Science Forum 615-617 (March 2009): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.615-617.711.

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High-voltage vertical-junction-field-effect-transistors (VJFETs) are typically designed normally-on to ensure low-resistance voltage-control operation at high current-gain. To exploit the high-voltage/temperature capabilities of VJFETs in a normally-off voltage-controlled switch, high-voltage normally-on and low-voltage normally-off VJFETs were connected in the cascode configuration. The cascode gate’s threshold voltage decreases from 2.5 V to 2 V as the temperature increases from 25°C to 225°C, while its breakdown voltage increases from -23 V to -19 V. At 300°C, the drain current of the cascode switch is 21.4% of its 25°C value, which agrees well with the reduction of the 4H-SiC electron mobility with temperature. The VJFET based all-SiC cascode switch is normally-off at 300°C, with its threshold voltage shifting from 1.6 V to 0.9 V as the temperature increases from 25°C to 300°C. This agrees well with the measured reduction in VJFET built-in potential. Finally, the reduction in cascode transconductance with temperature follows that of the theoretical 4H-SiC electron mobility. Overall, the measured thermally-induced cascode parameter shifts are in excellent agreement with theory, which signifies fabrication of robust SiC VJFETs for power switching applications.

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GU, WEN-XIAO, MENG-LIAN ZHAO, XIAO-BO WU, MINGYANG CHEN, and QING LIU. "A HIGH-PRECISION ULTRA-LOW-POWER HYSTERETIC VOLTAGE DETECTOR USING CURRENT-BASED COMPARISON." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 22, no. 09 (2013): 1340005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126613400057.

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This paper presented a high-precision, ultra-low-power hysteretic voltage detector (HVD) using current comparison to detect voltage default crossing moments for energy-harvesting systems (EHS) in wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. The HVD mainly consists of four parts: a specially designed voltage-to-current converter (VCC) with thermal stability improvement, a comparison core to make current-based comparison, a current pre-amplifier to improve its transient performance and a Schmitt inverter to provide the hysteresis characteristic. The prototype of this HVD has been implemented in SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS process and occupies 0.036 mm2 area without pads. The hysteresis window is about 120 mV wide. The temperature coefficient (TC) is about -170.2 ppm°C. The average variation to different process corners can be reduced to 1.4% by MOSFET and resistor trimming. The total power consumption is only 701.5 nW when VDD is around 1.8 V.

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Brungi, Pranathi, and Petru Andrei. "Computer Aided Optimization of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 36 (2024): 2536. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02362536mtgabs.

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Compared to other types of transistors, insulating gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) have high on-state current and breakdown voltage, which make them ideal for low-frequency (<20 kHz) power applications, such as switching devices for motor drive systems and uninterruptible power supplies. Although the on-state voltage (VON) of IGBTs is smaller than the on-state voltage of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors at high current densities, VON remains relatively high at low-current densities, reducing the range of applications of IGBTs in the low-current regime. In this presentation, we discuss new results in the optimization of IGBTs using the adjoint method developed in [1]. First, we introduce the doping sensitivity functions of the on-state voltage, on-state resistance, and breakdown voltage and discuss the relationship between the three functionals. Then, we discuss and compare different ways of computing the doping sensitivity functions and present two applications: the first is related to the analysis of variability of on-state and breakdown voltage (from device to device), and the second is related to the global optimization of the doping profile of these transistors. Details about the numerical computation, numerical cost, and sample optimized structures will also be presented at the meeting. References: [1] C. Zhu, P. Andrei, “Adjoint method for the optimization of insulated gate bipolar transistors,” AIP Advances 9, 095301 (2019).

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Gautam, Anil Kumar. "Bulk Cum QFG-Driven FVF Double Recycling Current Mirror Subthreshold OTA Based CCII+ Cell and Applications." International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering & Telecommunications 13, no. 6 (2024): 467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijeetc.13.6.467-477.

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This paper presents a low-voltage low-power second generation CCII+ cell using bulk-driven FVF class AB mode operated double recycling current mirror OTA. The OTA is used in the input core of CCII+ cell utilizes bulkcum Quasi Floating Gate (QFG)-based voltage to current converter and Partial Positive Feedback (PPF) to enhance the performance of the circuit. The circuit permits closely railto- rail input common mode range, high output current drive capability with low dual power supply of ± 0.25 V. This circuit produces low input referred noise of 1.65 μV/sqrt Hz, dissipates ultra-low power of 342 nW and is suitable for lowfrequency applications, such as bio-signal processing. Further, to validate this design, a MISO type voltage mode biquadratic filter and voltage mode two phase quadrature oscillator are currently being implemented using this CCII+ cells. The circuit is simulated in tanner EDA tools using 180 nm n-tub CMOS process technology with low bias current of 18 nA.

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Lin, Bor-Ren, and Guan-Yi Wu. "Hybrid DC Converter with Current Sharing and Low Freewheeling Current Loss." Energies 13, no. 24 (2020): 6631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246631.

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A new hybrid high-frequency link pulse-width modulation (PWM) converter using voltage balance capacitor and current balance magnetic coupling is proposed to realize low freewheeling current loss and wide load range of soft switching operation. Series-connected H-bridge converter is adopted for high voltage applications. In addition, a voltage balance capacitor and a current balance magnetic coupling core are employed for achieving voltage and current balance. To extend zero-voltage switching (ZVS) range of switches at lagging-leg of phase-shift PWM converter, soft switching LLC converter is linked to the lagging-leg of phase-shift PWM converter. Therefore, the wide ZVS load operation is realized in the presented hybrid converter. The other high freewheeling current disadvantage in conventional phase-shift PWM converter is improved by a snubber circuit used on low-voltage side. Thus, the primary current during the freewheeling state is decreased and close to zero. In addition, the conduction losses on primary-side components of studied converter are reduced. The secondary-sides of phase-shift PWM converter and LLC resonant converter are series-connected to achieve power transfer between input and output sides. Experimental results using a laboratory prototype are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the studied circuit and control algorithm.

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Akhtar, Mohammad Faisal, Siti Rohani S. Raihan, and Nasrudin Abd Rahim. "Performance Analysis of a Cascaded Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for High Current Applications." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1261, no. 1 (2023): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1261/1/012012.

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Abstract In this paper, a high-current DC-DC converter with bidirectional capability is presented. The proposed converter topology combines a series capacitor bidirectional converter and a conventional bidirectional converter in a cascaded manner, thus achieving a quadratic voltage gain. The proposed topology is compared with other contemporary high current topologies in terms of voltage gains, component count and conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the converter performance is validated using the Simscape SimPowerSystems toolbox of MATLAB Simulink. It is determined that this topology demonstrated a conversion efficiency of 96% and 98% in step-up and step-down mode respectively, for a 250 W load. Moreover, a current gain of 12.5 was observed in step down mode for a switch duty cycle of 0.4. Lastly, current sharing between inductors and low current ripples were also demonstrated.

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LIU, YUYU, JINGUO QUAN, HUAZHONG YANG, and HUI WANG. "MOS CURRENT MODE LOGIC CIRCUITS: DESIGN CONSIDERATION IN HIGH-SPEED LOW-POWER APPLICATIONS AND ITS FUTURE TREND, A TUTORIAL." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 15, no. 03 (2005): 599–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156405003351.

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In this paper, a logic style that is becoming increasingly popular is presented, which is called MOS Current Mode Logic (MCML). MCML is a novel and useful logic style for high-speed, low-power and mixed-signal applications. Its high-speed switching, low supply voltage and reduced output voltage swing contribute to its high performance, low power dissipation, and low noise features. MCML circuits are compared to several other logic styles, such as conventional static CMOS, dynamic logic, and traditional emitter coupled logic (ECL) in terms of power, delay and common mode noise immunity. MCML circuits seem to be very promising in high-speed, low-power and mixed-signal digital circuit applications, such as portable electronic devices, gigahertz microprocessors, and optical transceivers.

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