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Linger, Jeffrey G. "The role of histone chaperones in double-strand DNA repair and replication-independent histone exchange /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. IP filtered, 2006.
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Thesis (Ph.D. in Biochemistry) -- University of Colorado, 2006.<br>Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-171). Free to UCDHSC affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
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Brahma, Sandipan. "MODES OF NUCLEOSOME INTERACTION AND MECHANISMS OF THE SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE CHROMATIN REMODELERS INO80 AND ISW1A." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1298.
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The dynamic nature of eukaryotic chromatin enables the packaging of large amounts of genetic material in a small space. At the same time, it provides controlled access to genomic DNA for a variety of nuclear processes for example, transcription and DNA repair. The transition between open and closed chromatin states is largely governed by ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, which operate on nucleosomes in concert, to modulate chromatin structure and composition. Exchange of the canonical and variant forms of histones in nucleosomes, and altering the spacing between consecutive nucleosomes, are two major ways which regulate chromatin-based processes and chromatin higher-order organization. The evolutionarily conserved INO80 and ISW1a complexes mediate these two aspects of nucleosome remodeling, respectively. Despite sharing conserved domain architecture of the core remodeling machinery, chromatin remodelers differ significantly in their modes of interaction with nucleosomes, and how they alter histone-DNA contacts. In this study, we have used a site-specific photocrosslinking approach coupled with peptide mapping to determine the interactions of subunits and domains of the S. cerevisiae INO80 and ISW1a complexes with nucleosomes. We find that specific interactions of remodelers with different regions of the nucleosome largely dictate their specialized functions and mechanisms. The ATP-dependent helicase-like (ATPase) domains of remodelers belonging to the ISWI and SWI/SNF families translocate along DNA close to the center of nucleosomes in order to mobilize, space or disassemble nucleosomes. In contrast, we observed that INO80 has a strikingly distinct mechanism, which is different even from its paralog SWR1. INO80 mobilizes nucleosomes as well as catalyzes the exchange of histone variant H2A.Z for the canonical histone H2A, while SWR1 mediates the reverse exchange of H2A for H2A.Z, without being able to mobilize nucleosomes. We have found that INO80, in order to promote H2A-H2B dimer exchange, translocates along DNA at the H2A-H2B interface close to the edge of nucleosomes and persistently displace DNA from H2A-H2B. Blocking either DNA translocation or the accumulation of DNA torsions close to the edge of the nucleosome interferes with this dimer exchange by INO80. SWR1 and other SWI/SNF and ISWI remodeling complexes translocate along DNA at the H3-H4 interface and do not persistently displace DNA from the histone octamer as does INO80. This study shows for the first time an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler that invades nucleosomes at the DNA entry site instead of the center − a more logical approach for the displacement of H2A-H2B. We also investigated nucleosomal DNA interactions of other INO80 subunits and domains to understand the architecture of INO80 bound to nucleosomes. We found that the HSA (helicase-SANT-associated) domain of Ino80 along with actin-related protein (Arp) subunits Arp8 and Arp4 bind to the extranucleosomal DNA and is potentially involved in a coupling mechanism with the ATPase domain to regulate its activity. We also mapped the DNA binding regions of Arp8 and Arp4, which might be involved in recruiting INO80 to genomic sites. The ISWI remodeler ISW1a regulates the distance (spacing) between nucleosomes in an array by simultaneously interacting with two nucleosomes and directionally remodels one of them. We mapped DNA interactions of ISW1a subunits in mono- and di-nucleosomes. Our results show that the catalytic Isw1 subunit specifically interacts with the region of DNA translocation and DNA entry site of the asymmetrically positioned nucleosome in a di-nucleosome, which is preferentially mobilized. In contrast, the Ioc3 subunit interacts extensively with the linker DNA as well as the extranucleosomal DNA of the un-remodeled nucleosome. This bias in nucleosomal DNA interactions of ISW1a enables directional remodeling, which reveals the molecular basis of nucleosome spacing. We have identified a novel domain within the non-catalytic Ioc3 subunit of ISW1a that regulates nucleosome spacing. We found that when this domain is deleted, the catalytic Isw1 subunit loses its specificity and interacts with both the nucleosomes of a di-nucleosome substrate. This is consistent with the domain-deleted ISW1a mobilizing both nucleosomes efficiently, leading to the loss of its nucleosome spacing activity. In summary, this dissertation explores how different remodeling complexes have customized and regulated modes of nucleosome interaction in order to accomplish specialized remodeling outcomes. INO80 places its ATPase domain for translocation at the H2A-H2B dimer interface and persistently displaces DNA from its surface to promote H2A.Z exchange. Nucleosome spacing by ISW1a requires the catalytic Isw1 subunit to engage with and reposition one out of two consecutive nucleosomes in an array, while the Ioc3 subunit likely monitors the distance between them.
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Largillière, Justine. "Architecture moléculaire et dynamique de protéines histone-like de bactérie et d’archée." Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3052.
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HU est une protéine bactérienne qui est impliquée dans de nombreuses fonctions liées à l'ADN. Elle est présente sous forme de trois dimères chez E. coli (deux homodimères et un hétérodimère). Lorsque les deux homodimères sont mélangés in vitro, ils échangent leurs chaînes pour former l'hétérodimère. Mon travail a consisté à caractériser, structuralement et cinétiquement, ce mécanisme d'échange qui peut être décrit comme une réaction d’ordre 2 se déroulant en 3 étapes : d'une conformation native (N2) de chaque homodimère à une conformation intermédiaire (I2, partiellement dissociée et déstructurée), puis la formation d'un tétramère transitoire (étape limitante) qui se dissocie finalement en deux hétérodimères. Les résidus considérés comme étant les déterminants structuraux permettant la transition entre N2 et I2 ont pu être déterminés. Ces résidus, enfouis dans N2, forment un patch hydrophobe sur la surface de I2. Ce patch peut être impliqué dans la reconnaissance des chaînes de HU et permettrait la formation du tétramère. MC1 participe à l'organisation du génome de plusieurs archées, à la transcription de l'ADN et à la division cellulaire par des mécanismes inconnus. Nous présentons la structure d'un complexe formé par MC1 avec un ADN de 15 paires de bases. Alors que la protéine a besoin d'adapter sa conformation légèrement, l'ADN subit une courbure dramatique et une torsion impressionnante. Une telle conformation en V du complexe et un modèle structural de MC1 avec un ADN plus long nous ont amené à proposer un nouveau mode de liaison de la protéine en tant qu’« enrouleur ». Des expériences de diffraction RX et de SAXS ont été réalisées sur ce complexe. Malheureusement, la structure n'a pas pu être résolue en raison du manque de données de diffraction et les données SAXS ont invalidé le modèle. Ces résultats confirment que MC1 est une protéine atypique, qui stabilise de multiples conformations en V de l'ADN de manière flexible et dynamique<br>HU is an essential bacterial protein that is involved in many functions related to DNA. It is present as three dimers in E.coli (two homodimers and one heterodimer). If the two homodimers are mixed in vitro, they exchange their chains to spontaneously form the heterodimer. My work was to characterize, structurally and kinetically, this exchange mechanism that can be described as a second order reaction of three successive steps : from a native conformation of each homodimer into an intermediate homodimer conformation (partially unfolded and dissociated), followed by the formation of a transient tetramer (limiting step) which finally dissociates into two heterodimers. The key residues allowing the protein to switch from the native to the intermediate state has been determined. Whereas, there are buried in the native conformation, they are forming a hydrophobic patch at the surface of the intermediate one. This patch could mediate the association of the intermediate conformation in order to form the tetramer.MC1 participates in the genome organization of several archaea and in DNA transcription and cellular division through unknown mechanisms. We discuss the solution structure of a complex formed by MC1 with a strongly distorted 15 base pairs DNA. While the protein just needs to adapt slightly its conformation, the DNA undergoes a dramatic curvature and an impressive torsion. Such a V-turn conformation of the complex lead us to propose a new binding mode for the protein as a wrapper and a structural model of MC1 with a longer DNA. XR diffraction and SAXS experiments were then carried out on this new complex. Unfortunately, the structure could not be solved due to the lack of diffraction data and the SAXS data invalidated the model. These results confirm that MC1 is an atypical protein, which stabilizes multiple V-turn conformations of the DNA in a flexible and dynamic manner
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Nguyen, Vu Quang. "Structural insights into the assembly and dynamics of the ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex SWR1." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11606.
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The ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SWR1 exchanges a variant histone H2A.Z-H2B dimer for a canonical H2A-H2B dimer at nucleosomes flanking histone-depleted regions, such as promoters. This localization of H2A.Z is conserved throughout eukaryotes. SWR1 is a 1 Mega-Dalton complex containing 14 different polypeptides, including the AAA+ ATPases Rvb1 and Rvb2. Using electron microscopy, we obtained the three-dimensional structure of SWR1 and mapped its major functional components. Our data show that SWR1 contains a single hetero-hexameric Rvb1/2 ring that, together with the catalytic subunit Swr1, brackets two independently assembled multi-subunit modules. We also show that SWR1 undergoes a large conformational change upon engaging a limited region of the nucleosome core particle. Our work suggests an important structural role for the Rvb1/2 ring and a distinct substrate-handling mode by SWR1, thereby providing the first structural framework for understanding the complex dimer-exchange reaction.
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Darley, Rebecca R. "Indo-Byzantine exchange, 4th to 7th centuries : a global history." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5357/.
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This thesis uses Byzantine coins in south India to re-examine pre-Islamic maritime trade between the Mediterranean and south India. Analysis of historiographical trends, key textual sources (the Periplous of the Erythreian Sea and the Christian Topography, Book Eleven), and archaeological evidence from the Red Sea, Aksum, the Persian Gulf and India, alongside the numismatic evidence yields two main methodological and three historical conclusions. Methodologically, the multi-disciplinary tradition of Indo-Roman studies needs to incorporate greater sensitivity to the complexities of different evidence types and engage with wider scholarship on the economic and state structures of the Mediterranean and India. Furthermore, pre-Islamic Indo-Mediterranean trade offers an ideal locus for experimenting with a practical global history, particularly using new technologies to enhance data sharing and access to scholarship. Historically, this thesis concludes: first, that the significance of pre-Islamic trade between the Mediterranean and India was minimal for any of the participating states; second, that this trade should be understood in the context of wider Indian Ocean networks, connecting India, Sri Lanka and southeast Asia; third, that the Persian Gulf rather than the Red Sea probably formed the major meeting point of trade from east and west, but this is not yet demonstrable archaeologically, numismatically or textually.
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Ramli, Norimah. "Essays on applied exchange rate issues : some new evidence on the export led growth hypothesis, exchange rate exposure, and the exchange rate volatility-export nexus." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/346634/.
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The thesis comprises three essays, all of which are empirical studies of different issues on exchange rates. Implementing advanced econometrics methodologies with monthly time series data, these studies focus on macroeconomic determinants to measure the relationships within the variables. The first essay (Chapter Two) re-examines the robustness of the export-led growth hypothesis across the exchange rate regimes in Malaysia. According to the exchange rate regime history, Malaysia experienced three different exchange rate mechanisms from 1990 to 2010. Generally, the results vary across the time and regimes. Specifically, the study suggests bi-directional and/or unidirectional causality between exports and economic growth across the regimes, both in the short-run and long-run. The second essay (Chapter Three) tries to bridge the gap between the exchange rate issues by investigating the impact exchange rate exposure on sector level in Malaysia from October, 1992 to December, 2010. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the exchange rate exposure in Malaysia sectorial returns by using an augmented model. Overall, in all instances, the results suggest that the exchange rate exposures in Malaysia can be categorized as the long memory in the volatility process. After investigating currency exposure in two types of models, the results further suggest that the sectors are largely affected by the currency fluctuations. The third essay (Chapter Four) explores the channels and magnitude of exchange rate volatility-export nexus empirically on the export flow of five ASEAN countries namely, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines and Indonesia to the United States from January, 1990 to December, 2010. The major results show that increases in the volatility of the real bilateral exchange rate, exert significant effects upon export demand in the short run in each of the ASEAN countries. This study further suggests significant negative effects from the bilateral exchange rate volatility of exports flow in Singapore, Malaysia and Philippines. However, these findings do not apply to Indonesia and Thailand.
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Loveluck, Christopher Paul. "Exchange and society in early medieval England 400-700 AD." Thesis, Durham University, 1994. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1034/.
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Venema, Kathleen Rebecca. "A rhetoric of colonial exchange, time, space, and agency in Canadian exploration narratives (1760-1793)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0013/NQ38277.pdf.
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Doueik, Tahsine. "La Bourse de Beyrouth de 1920 à 1982 : la marche vers l'efficience." Thesis, Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE0514.
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L’histoire de la Bourse de Beyrouth ne se différencie pas de celle des autres nations. Créée en 1920, cette institution sedistingue cependant des autres bourses mondiales par un phénomène singulier. Elle a attendu 34 ans pour être dotée d’uneréglementation spéciale.La fonction la plus traditionnelle de la bourse est de collecter l’épargne en vue de contribuer au financement de l’économie, touten exerçant un rôle primordial de liquidité des capitaux investis à long terme.Donc, mon étude de recherche doit se baser sur l’histoire financière de la Bourse de Beyrouth dès sa naissance en 1920 et lesétapes qui les a surmonté jusqu’à présent.Elle devra se faire suivant quatre axes principaux :§ Une série d’études et de recherche (qualitative et quantitative) concernant les sociétés cotées depuis 1920 avecdes tableaux et des statistiques basées sur les informations boursières (cours et actions) et leur évolutiontemporelle ainsi que leur contribution au développement de l’économie.§ La création de deux indices généraux d’actions : mensuel et annuel§ Etude de la microstructure du marché boursier libanais et de sa nature à travers les différentes sous périodesanalysées§ Une étude financière basée sur des tests économétriques dans le but de vérifier l’efficience, ou non, du marchébeyrouthin des actions.La problématique dans cette étude de recherche est d’utiliser les outils théoriques et techniques de la finance moderne pourcomprendre les phénomènes relevant de l’histoire financière.L’objectif sera de fournir un éclairage sur quelques exemples caractéristiques dans l’histoire de la Bourse de Beyrouth résultantde la tentative d'application concernant sa contribution dans l’économie libanaise.Le rôle de la Bourse de Beyrouth dans le financement de l'économie locale demeure pour le moment négligeable. Depuis sanaissance en 1920, jamais la Bourse de Beyrouth n'est parvenue à jouer le rôle que l'on pouvait en attendre dans l'Economielibanaise.Est-ce encore le signe d'un manque de confiance dans le pays, d'une inadéquation entre les fortes structures familiales dans laplupart des entreprises et l'ouverture du capital qu'elle induit? Toujours est-il que les efforts structurels entrepris dès sa fondationpour relancer cette institution ne sont pas encore récompensés ?<br>The history of the Beirut Stock Exchange does not differ from that of other nations'. Founded in 1920, this institutiondistinguishes itself from other international stock exchanges through a unique phenomenon. It awaited 34 years to be endowedwith special regulations.The most traditional function of the stock market is to collect savings to contribute towards financing growth. It holds anessential role of liquidity on long-term investments.My research study must build itself on the history of the Beirut Stock Exchange, going back to its birth in 1920 and followingthe steps it has overcome through its evolution so far.It shall be developed through four principal axes:§ A series of studies and research (qualitative and quantitative) pertaining to companies listed since 1920, with chartsand statistics based on stock information (courses and activities) as well as their temporal evolution and theircontribution to the development of the Economy.§ The creation of two general stock indexes: the monthly index and the annual index.§ The study of the microstructure of the Lebanese Stock Market and its nature through the various analyzed periods.§ A thorough analysis of the problems confronting the development of the Stock Exchange at the administrative,structural and conceptual levels.The problematic of this research study are the use of theoretical and technical tools of modern finance to understand thephenomena linked to financial history.The objective is to provide insight into some typical examples in the history of the Beirut Stock Exchange resulting from theattempt of application relative to its contribution in the Lebanese economy.The role of the Beirut Stock Exchange in financing the local economy remains negligible. Since its birth in 1920, the BeirutStock Exchange has never succeeded in holding the role it may have been expected to play in the Lebanese Economy.Is this another reflection of a lack of confidence in the country or an unsuitability between the strong family structures in mostbusinesses and the resulting opening of the capital? Nonetheless, the structural efforts undertaken since the founding of thisinstitution have yet to be rewarded
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Udugama, Maheshi Imalka. "THE UNIQUE STRUCTURE AND MECHANISM OF INO80 - AN ATP DEPENDENT REMODELER OF THE HISTONE EXCHANGER FAMILY." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/235.
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INO80, a member of the multi-subunit SWI2/SNF2 superfamily, is involved in transcription regulation, DNA repair and replication. Not much is known about its substrate specificity and remodeling mechanism or how it differs in comparison to SWI/SNF or ISWI. Site-directed mapping of histone-DNA contacts showed that INO80 generally remodels mononucleosomes by moving them to the center of DNA. The length of extranucleosomal DNA was found to play an important role in nucleosome binding as well as remodeling by INO80 much like ISW2 and ISW1a. INO80 preferentially binds to nucleosomes containing >20bp of extranucleosomal DNA. Similarly, INO80 remodeling of mononucleosomes with different lengths of extranucleosomal DNA showed that at least 33bp of extranucleosomal DNA on one side of the nucleosome was required for initiation of remodeling. These data suggest that INO80 behaves much like ISW2 and ISW1a complexes based on their requirement for extranucleosomal DNA. INO80 does not unravel or displace nucleosomes like SWI/SNF. There are several key aspects of how INO80 interacts with and remodels nucleosomes that are quite distinct from SWI/SNF, ISW2, and ISW1a. Previously SWI/SNF and ISW2 were shown to initiate nucleosome movement by translocating along nucleosomal DNA two helical turns from the dyad axis. Nucleosome movement by INO80 instead requires translocation by the complex along nucleosomal DNA near the entry/exit site at the dimer-tetramer interface. Sliding interference of INO80 by the presence of nicks indicated that torsional strain at the site of translocation is required for nucleosome mobilization by INO80. Hydroxyl radical footprinting of the INO80-nucleosome complex shows found that INO80 interactioninteracts with extranucleosomal DNA at, the entry-exit site and to lesser extent at the dyad axis, but it lacks the protection found indoes not contact 2 helical turns from the dyad like ISW2 and SWI/SNF at two helical turns from the dyad axis as determined by photoaffinity cross-linking studies. The catalytic subunit (Ino80) rather than being found associated 2 helical turns from the dyad, was bound to extranucleosomal DNA and nucleosomal DNA near the entry-exit site. Other subunits (Arp8p, Arp5p and Nhp10) were also found to be contacting both nucleosomal and extranucleosomal DNA. Site-specific histone cross-linking studies revealed that Ino80, Arp5 and Arp4 interact extensively with the histone dimer of the nucleosome in comparison to H3-H4 tetramer. Although N-terminal histone tails are often important for chromatin remodeling, INO80 shows no requirement of histone tails for its nucleosome binding and mobilizing activities. The deviation of INO80 from the canonical model of how ATP-dependent remodelers interact and mobilize nucleosome is apparently due to its unique role as a member of the remodeling complexes that promote the exchange of H2A/H2B dimer from core nucleosome particle.
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Pightling, Arthur William. "The evolutionary history of meiotic genes: early origins by duplication and subsequent losses." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2960.
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Meiosis is necessary for sexual reproduction in eukaryotes. Genetic recombination between non-sister homologous chromosomes is needed in most organisms for successful completion of the first meiotic division. Proteins that function during meiotic recombination have been studied extensively in model organisms. However, less is known about the evolution of these proteins, especially among protists. We searched the genomes of diverse eukaryotes, representing all currently recognized supergroups, for 26 genes encoding proteins important for different stages of interhomolog recombination. We also performed phylogenetic analyses to determine the evolutionary relationships of gene homologs. At least 23 of the genes tested (nine that are known to function only during meiosis in model organisms) are likely to have been present in the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor (LECA). These genes encode products that function during: i) synaptonemal complex formation; ii) interhomolog DNA strand exchange; iii) Holliday junction resolution; and iv) sister-chromatid cohesion. These data strongly suggest that the LECA was capable of these distinct and important functions during meiosis. We also determined that several genes whose products function during both mitosis and meiosis are paralogs of genes whose products are known to function only during meiosis. Therefore, these meiotic genes likely arose by duplication events that occurred prior to the LECA. The Rad51 protein catalyzes DNA strand exchange during both mitosis and meiosis, while Dmc1 catalyzes interhomolog DNA strand exchange only during meiosis. To study the evolution of these important proteins, we performed degenerate PCR and extensive nucleotide and protein sequence database searches to obtain data from representatives of all available eukaryotic supergroups. We also performed phylogenetic analyses on the Rad51 and Dmc1 protein sequence data obtained to evaluate their utility as phylogenetic markers. We determined that evolutionary relationships of five of the six currently recognized eukaryotic supergroups are supported with Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Using this dataset, we also identified ten amino acid residues that are highly conserved among Rad51 and Dmc1 protein sequences and, therefore, are likely to confer protein-specific functions. Due to the distributions of these residues, they are likely to have been present in the Rad51 and Dmc1 proteins of the LECA.
To address an important issue with the gene inventory method of scientific inquiry, we developed a heuristic metric for determining whether apparent gene absences are due to limitations of the sequence search regimen or represent true losses of genes from genomes. We collected RNA polymerase I (Pol I), Replication Protein A (RPA), and DNA strand exchange (SE) sequence data from 47 diverse eukaryotes. We then compared the numbers of apparent absences to a single measure of protein sequence length and sequence conservation (Smith-Waterman pairwise alignment (S-W) scores) obtained by comparing yeast and human protein sequence data. Using Poisson correlation regression to analyze the Pol I and RPA subunit datasets, we confirmed that S-W scores and apparent gene absences are correlated. We also determined that genes encoding products that are critical for interhomolog SE in model organisms (Rad52, Rad51, Dmc1, Rad54, and Rdh54) have been lost frequently during eukaryotic evolution. Saccharomyces cerevisiae null rad52, dmc1, rad54, and rdh54 mutant phenotypes are suppressed by rad51 overexpression or mutation. If rad51 overexpression or mutation affects other eukaryotes in a similar fashion, this phenomenon may account for frequent losses of genes whose products are critical for the completion of meiosis in model organisms. Finally, we place this work into greater context with a review of hypotheses for the selective forces and mechanisms that resulted in the origin of meiosis. The review and the data presented in this thesis provide the basis for a model of the origin of meiotic genes in which meiosis arose from mitosis by large-scale gene duplication, following a preadaptation that served to reduce increased numbers of chromosomes (from diploid to haploid) caused by erroneous eukaryotic cell-cell fusions.
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Barraclough, Jane. "Systems of exchange and reciprocity in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61755.
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Dorr, Abigail. "Lincoln Cathedral Chapter and ceremonial gift-exchange : establishing alliances in the fourteenth century." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2018. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/34380/.
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This thesis analyses the common fund accounts of Lincoln Cathedral Chapter, which run almost continuously between 1304 and 1386. These records contain a wealth of information on the administration and financial situation of a religious institution in the fourteenth century but have widely been neglected. This study highlights the potential of financial accounts to not only contribute to current understanding of the economic stability of an institution, but to provide an insight into the performance of the tenants and debtors who frequent the material. In a similar way to manorial records allowing the historian to access the lives of the peasantry, the common fund reveals much about the experience and stability of both the rural and urban inhabitants of the Lincolnshire diocese in the fourteenth century. In contradiction to the findings of Francis Hill, the common fund highlights the performance of Lincolnshire in the aftermath of the Black Death and suggests that the Chapter, city and wider settlements remained economically stable in the decades notorious for sustained population decline and economic collapse. The study uses the accounts to explore the relationship between Lincoln Cathedral Chapter and the outside world through an evaluation of its gift-giving practices. The accounts contain numerous examples of gifts both received and offered by the Chapter, which proved an effective way to establish alliances and to cement friendships. The thesis analyses trends in the value of gift-exchange throughout the turbulent and troublesome fourteenth century. Gift-exchange established reciprocal alliances between the rich and poor, and the living and dead. The study evaluates exchange between pilgrims and saints using shrine accounts, the rich and the poor using obit records, and gifts given directly by the Chapter to the poor of the diocese and members of both the secular and religious elite. Where one socio-economic crisis led to a reduction in gift-exchange, another increased the value of giving. This study is the first of its kind to use institutional ecclesiastical accounts to explore the economic performance of both rural and urban settlements. The availability of the data facilitates an exploration of long-term trends in gift-exchange and places gift-giving practices against a backdrop of significant social and economic change in an age of famine, deflation, and plague. The common fund accounts contribute to current knowledge on the place of unofficial saints, which benefit from extensive shrine account data. With eight regular openings of the shrine boxes throughout the year, this study adds further nuance to seasonal cycles in pilgrimage and allows for a comparison of the veneration of official saints and those who failed to secure papal recognition. For the first time, this thesis can compare the extent of charitable giving to the poor with other forms of expenditure to understand whether charity was motivated by the recipients' need to receive or the benefactors' ability to give. This thesis uses giftgiving behavior to highlight the potential of institutional accounts to further current knowledge on economic performance and the place of a cathedral in the urban space.
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Kelly, Luke. "The Value of Books: : The York Minster Library as a social arena for commodity exchange." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-341086.
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To the present-day reader texts are widely available. However, to the early modern reader this access was limited. While book ownership increased in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it was not universal – even libraries were both limited in their collections and exclusive to the communities they served. Libraries were to be found all over Early Modern England, from city libraries to town subscription libraries. One could gain access to books but these collections were often rather limited in the variety and number of books they offered. Undoubtedly many libraries purchased books for their collections, but frequently books were also given to them by benefactors. One fine example of a community library which reflects its readers and members is the library of St Peter’s Cathedral, York Minster. York Minister library owes its existence to traceable benefactors and donations. One could study the collection to give an insight into reading practices and interests of the Early Modern Period. But in doing so we fall foul of becoming static and failing to develop the historiography of Book History. Instead, we can re-evaluate this collection by drawing from the old focus of genres but shifting this focus and approach the collection from a different path: a material path. These books resonate value. Not solely due to their genres and subject matter, but their value is also generated in how the books became accessible, through generosity and donation. As donations from benefactors these books should not be considered solely as works of literature, but as gifts from one agent to another. Gifts given with both intention and purpose.
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Trivizoli, Lucieli Maria [UNESP]. "Intercâmbios acadêmicos matemáticos entre EUA e Brasil: uma globalização do saber." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102094.
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trivizoli_lm_dr_rcla.pdf: 2133545 bytes, checksum: a9e357b75fe07dc5c3fd1a7eeccde5cb (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Esta pesquisa de doutorado propôs-se a identificar os matemáticos brasileiros que fizeram parte da fase inicial do intercâmbio acadêmico entre Brasil e Estados Unidos por meio de bolsas de estudos concedidas por fundações privadas, iniciando, assim, as reflexões acerca das influências estadunidenses na Matemática no Brasil, situando-se dentro de uma área de investigação que trata da história do desenvolvimento da Matemática no Brasil. A identificação desses matemáticos se deu por meio de consulta e análise de documentação e listagens de bolsistas fornecidas pelas instituições abordadas: a Fundação Rockefeller, Fundação Guggenheim e Comissão Fulbright. Parte da documentação foi obtida por meio da consulta aos arquivos no Rockefeller Archive Center, em New York, pela listagem fornecida pelo Escritório da Comissão Fulbright no Brasil, pela listagem encontrada no site oficial da Comissão Fulbright e no site oficial da Fundação Guggenheim. Com esse objetivo, empreenderam-se estudos sobre a história do desenvolvimento da Ciência no Brasil, em uma visão geral e em particular da Matemática, focalizando ocasiões nas quais a participação de instituições estadunidenses foi decisiva para a formação da elite intelectual brasileira, no período de 1945 a 1980. Além disso, apresentamos uma síntese do referencial teórico que foi utilizado na pesquisa, discutindo o conceito de globalização da Ciência e da Matemática, para estabelecer um entendimento da ideia dos intercâmbios científicos a partir da dinâmica dos encontros culturais e sob uma perspectiva da história social, considerando que a atividade científica é uma das vias para a compreensão das relações sociais e culturais. A partir desse panorama de estudo, destacamos indícios que nos ajudam a responder uma série de perguntas históricas acerca do...<br>This PhD research is aimed at identifying Brazilian mathematicians who were part of early academic exchanges between Brazil and the United States by means of scholarships awarded by private foundations and reflecting on the on the American influences in mathematics in Brazil, within an area of research that deals with the history of the development of mathematics in Brazil. The identification of these mathematicians was done through consultation and analysis of documents and lists of scholarships provided by the addressed institutions: the Rockefeller Foundation, the Guggenheim Foundation and Fulbright Commission. Some of the documentation was obtained by consulting the files found in the Rockefeller Archive Center in New York, the list supplied by the Office of the Fulbright Commission in Brazil, and the lists found on the official websites of the Fulbright Commission and Guggenheim Foundation. With this objective, studies were undertaken on the history of the development of science in Brazil, and an overview of mathematics in particular, focusing on occasions in which the participation of American institutions was decisive for the formation of the Brazilian intellectual elite in the period 1945 to 1980. In addition, we present the theoretical synthesis that was used in the research, which describes the concept of globalization of science and mathematics to establish an understanding of the idea of scientific exchange from the dynamics of cultural encounters and from a perspective of social history, considering that the scientific activity is one of the ways to understand the social and cultural relations. From this overview study, we highlight clues that help us to answer a series of questions about the historical development of mathematics in Brazil and point to a close relationship between science... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Aziz, Md Nusrate. "Exchange rates, international trade and inflation : a developing economy perspective." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1745/.
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The thesis focuses on empirical modelling and estimation of the role of exchange rate in international trade adjustment, trade prices and domestic inflation in the context of developing countries. Although the study‘s prime focus is to estimate empirically, using Bangladesh as the main case study, the theoretical assumptions about the effectiveness of exchange rates polices towards trade prices, domestic inflation and trade performance, we also examine the asymmetric behaviour of ‗large exchange rate shocks‘ in trade flows of other South Asian countries such as India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Estimated results demonstrate that the exchange rate has a significant positive impact on trade balance in the short- and long-run. However, the J-curve phenomenon can be explained as an appropriate response of trade balance to exchange rate shocks. Along with relative prices and domestic real income, the export demand is also found to be the significant determinant of import demand function. We find ‗complete‘ exchange rate pass-through to import price in both the short- and long-run. However, the ‗second stage pass-through‘ to consumer prices is found to be only ‗partial‘ in both the short- and long-run. Trade liberalization is a significant phenomenon for Bangladesh‘s trade and inflation. Hysteresis in international trade is found to be a ‗commodity and country specific‘ phenomenon. Sunk costs are not found to be significant for hysteresis.
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Bartram, Faye. "35mm bridges: cultural relations and film exchange between France and the Soviet Union, 1945 to 1972." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5413.
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In the divided atmosphere of the Cold War, East and West competed for the world’s hearts and minds through military standoffs and proxy wars, but more extensively through popular culture. While Cold War tensions generally separated East from West, the USSR maintained unusually friendly ties with France. I seek to understand how France and the Soviet Union reached détente in 1964, a full eight years before the US and other western nations. My research in public and private archives in France and Russia, of the French and Soviet press, and from interviews with key cinema figures reveals a solid base of cultural diplomatic relations that existed before 1964. Cinema in particular proved a useful tool for the French state to rebuild postwar relations with the Soviet Union. The Cannes International Film Festival and another cinema event called the Semaines du cinema led to an influx of film exchange that triggered the formation of a bilateral body in 1957, whose sole purpose was to negotiate cultural trade and exchange, called the Franco-Soviet Permanent Mixed Commission. These festivals and the Commission provided a bilateral framework upon which to build amicable political and diplomatic relationships, which helped ease tensions between France and the USSR and ultimately expedited détente in 1964.
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Ling-Fan, Li. "Bullion, bills and arbitrage : exchange markets in fourteenth- to seventeenth-century Europe." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/538/.
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Two drawbacks of current empirical studies on late medieval financial market integration are: the use of low frequency data; and the lack of a benchmark for comparison. As a result, there is a tendency to underestimate the degree of integration and one has no clear idea about whether the estimated degree of integration is high or low by the standards of the time. Consequently, there is not yet a satisfactory answer as to how integrated and efficient financial markets were in the late Middle Ages and early modern era. In tackling these two problems, this thesis employs monthly and weekly exchange rates to measure the degree of exchange market integration and the results are judged using the speed of communication as a benchmark since the flow of information played a critical role in financial arbitrage. Therefore, this thesis is able to show that exchange markets were already well integrated in the late fourteenth century. From then to the late seventeenth century, the high speed of adjustment to profitable opportunities was maintained, but the transaction costs associated with arbitrage fell over time. The reduction in transaction cost may be attributed to the financial innovations that took place in the sixteenth century. This thesis also finds that the type of information related to shocks received by economic agents had a decisive impact on the speed of price adjustment. The more explicit the information, the more efficiently the market responded to shocks.
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Foster, Robert John. "Social reproduction and history in Melanesia : mortuary ritual, gift exchange, and custom in the Tanga Islands /." Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37469389v.
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Fornaro, Luca. "Essays on monetary and exchange rate policy in financially fragile economies." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/789/.
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In my thesis I study policy interventions, with particular attention to monetary and exchange rate policy, in financially fragile economies. The thesis is composed of four chapters, and each chapter deals with different forms of policy interventions and different dimensions of financial fragility. However, the four chapters share a common message: appropriately designed policies can play a key role in improving macroeconomic performance in economies vulnerable to the risk of financial crises. In the first chapter I consider the role of the exchange rate regime in determining the adjustment to episodes of global deleveraging. To achieve this goal, I develop a framework for understanding the international dimensions of episodes of debt deleveraging. During an episode of international deleveraging world consumption demand is depressed and the world interest rate is low, reflecting a high propensity to save. If exchange rates are allowed to float, deleveraging countries can depreciate their nominal exchange rate to increase production and mitigate the fall in consumption associated with debt reduction. The key insight is that in a monetary union this channel of adjustment is shut off, and therefore the falls in consumption demand and in the world interest rate are amplified. Hence, monetary unions are especially prone to hit the zero lower bound on the nominal interest rate and enter a liquidity trap during deleveraging. In a liquidity trap deleveraging gives rise to a union-wide recession, which is particularly severe in high-debt countries. The model suggests several policy interventions that mitigate the negative impact of deleveraging on output in monetary unions. In the second chapter, I consider another policy that can be useful in managing episodes of debt deleveraging: debt relief. As illustrated by the analysis in the first chapter, deleveraging can push the economy into a liquidity trap characterized by involuntary unemployment and low inflation. A debt relief policy, captured by a transfer of wealth from creditors to debtors, increases aggregate demand, employment and output. Debt relief may benefit creditors as well as debtors and lead to a Pareto improvement in welfare. The benefits from a policy of debt relief are greater the more the central bank is concerned with stabilizing inflation. The third chapter considers the role of exchange rate policy in economies in which financial fragility arises because the value of collateral is determined by asset prices. The dependence of collateral on asset prices introduces pecuniary externalities that create scope for policy interventions. In this case, a fundamental trade-off between financial and price stability arises, because the central bank has an incentive to deviate from its traditional objective of granting price stability in order to manipulate asset prices and collateral. The main result is thus that the presence of pecuniary externalities in the credit markets makes a narrow focus on price stability sub-optimal. The fourth chapter, joint with Gianluca Benigno, considers the role of foreign reserves in emerging economies characterized by growth externalities and the risk of sudden stops on capital inflows. We present a model that reproduces two salient facts characterizing the international monetary system: Fast growing emerging countries i) Run current account surpluses, ii) Accumulate international reserves and receive net private inflows. We study a two-sector, tradable and non-tradable, small open economy. There is a growth externality in the tradable sector and agents have imperfect access to international financial markets. By accumulating foreign reserves, the government induces a real exchange rate depreciation and a reallocation of production towards the tradable sector that boosts growth. Financial frictions generate imperfect substitutability between private and public debt flows so that private agents do not perfectly offset the government policy. The possibility of using reserves to provide liquidity during crises amplifies the positive impact of reserve accumulation on growth. The optimal reserve management entails a fast rate of reserve accumulation, as well as higher growth and larger current account surpluses compared to the economy with no policy intervention. The model is also consistent with the negative relationship between inflows of foreign aid and growth observed in low-income countries.
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Klucas, Eric Eugene 1957. "The Village Larder: Village Level Production and Exchange in an Early State." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565574.
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Wjuniski, Bernardo Stuhlberger. "Multiple exchange rates and industrialization in Brazil, 1953-1961 : macroeconomic miracle or mirage?" Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3781/.
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This dissertation revisits Brazil's experience with multiple exchange rates (MERs) between 1953 and 1961. Exchange controls such as MERs were common across the world during the early days of the Bretton Woods arrangement, despite the resistance from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which assumed they caused instability and balance of payments crises. Latin America’s use of exchange controls was widespread, with different exchange rates also adopted as instruments to stimulate import substitution industrialization (ISI). Brazil’s MER system was, however, a unique experiment, with all the country’s imports included in a regime of auctions of foreign exchange, resulting in a controlled depreciation process with different sectoral exchange rates. The experience had two phases, the first of which diverged from other cases in the region in lasting much longer, maintaining stable macroeconomic conditions, and avoiding IMF interventions. The second phase resulted in a decline of the system's macroeconomic effectiveness and its eventual collapse in 1961. This research investigates the peak and decline of Brazil’s MER systems by analyzing a new quantitative dataset that is further complemented by qualitative sources. The main thesis is that Brazil’s MER regime was a ‘successful’ experience during its first phase, with a singular design that supported the stabilization of macroeconomic conditions. Officials were ‘guiding the invisible hand’ of the market to help balance macroeconomic variables. The dissertation also shows that the MER system was not a protectionist instrument to stimulate import substitution in advanced sectors and did not generate distortions to sectoral industrial growth. It was, however, transformed during its second phase into a mechanism to subsidize private sector imports and increase the government’s direct participation in the industrial effort, which was an industrial deepening process with costly macroeconomic consequences.
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Winfield, Sarah Jane. "Education for international understanding : British secondary schools, educational travel and cultural exchange, 1919-1939." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708957.
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Rubino, Chiara. "Aid, the public sector and the real exchange rate : the case of Indonesia." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/108481/.
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In 1965 the New Order Government took office in Indonesia, following years of severe economic turmoil. Since then the Indonesian economy has performed well, owing much to large oil export revenues and appropriate economic policies. This thesis presents a study of the Indonesian economy focused on three main themes: aid, the public sector and the real exchange rate (RER). In particular, we emphasise aid effectiveness on fiscal behaviour and on the RER. The thesis is organised in five chapters. Chapter 1 presents a synthetic overview of the main episodes in Indonesian economic history. Chapter 2 reviews theoretical and empirical issues on aid. Chapter 3 presents a dynamic model of government behaviour aimed at assessing aid’s impact on fiscal budget and on other real variables in the Indonesian economy. Following Heller’s seminal contribution (1975) and White’s new insights (1993), we insert the government sector into a simple macroeconomic framework: a constrained utility maximising framework which allows for feedback effects through higher income and dynamic linkages. The model is tested for the Indonesian case over the period 1968-93 and the estimated parameters are used to carry out a simulation exercise. We conclude with a positive assessment of aid giving, provided it is given in loans. Loans are found to encourage tax collection, public and private investment and consumption. Exchange rate management has played a significant role in Indonesia as an instrument to ensure competitiveness during and after the oil boom. Chapter 4 analyses the behaviour of the RER for the Indonesian rupiah and offers a theoretical and statistical background. Unit root testing has been extensively used to test for stationarity. We have consistently rejected the hypothesis of RER stationarity, except in those cases in which the full sample series have been used and/or two breaks have been allowed. Chapter 5 presents a modelling approach to RER determination. Following Edwards (1989), we present an econometric model of the RER and develop an extension of it in terms of the Error Correction Mechanism (ECM). Central to the analysis is the role of fundamentals, in particular aid and the price of oil, in determining the RER. The estimated parameters are then used to construct the equilibrium RER in order to study RER misalignment. Simulations are also carried out to investigate the impact of exogenous shocks and policy options on the RER. Results show that the Indonesian RER suffered from misalignment especially during the oil boom and until the early 1990’s. We also find that aid and the real price of oil do matter: both act as fundamental determinants of RER behaviour and contribute to RER stability, a finding confirmed by the simulation exercise. Interestingly, aid and government consumption appear to influence in differences and not in levels the RER.
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Ono-George, Meleisa. "'To be despised' : discourses of sexual-economic exchange in nineteenth-century Jamaica, c.1780-1890." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/69375/.
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This thesis is concerned with the changes and continuities in the discourses surrounding sexual-economic exchange in colonial Jamaica in the ‘long’ nineteenth century. More specifically, it explores the shifting relationship between representations of concubinage and street-based sexual labour amongst women of African ancestry and broader socio-cultural and political developments in Jamaica from the 1780s to the 1890s. The central argument of the thesis is that heightened discussions about sexual-economic exchange amongst local and imperial elites reflected concerns about race, labour, disease and civilization in the colony. Further, as Jamaica transitioned from a slave society to free and modern nation, the operation of sexual-economic exchange became an increasingly regulated and stigmatized form of sexual praxis amongst poor, subordinate women. Drawing on the theoretical framework developed by feminist scholars in the emerging subfield of Caribbean Sexualities, this thesis examines practices of sexual-economic exchange in nineteenth-century Jamaica as a form of women’s labour. While it recognizes the centrality of sexual violence and rape in the lives of poor, subordinate women, particularly during the period of slavery, this thesis seeks to broaden the discussions of black and brown women’s sexual experiences within the historiography of slave and post-slavery Caribbean societies. Thus, one of the central premises of this thesis is that despite the confines of slavery, patriarchy, and colonialism, some women engaged in transactional sex as a means of achieving financial stability and social mobility. In this way, this thesis contributes to emerging research on the centrality of sexual praxis to the developments and transformations in Jamaican society.
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Brand, Eric Joseph. "A Material Evidence Base for Investigating the Evolution of Chinese Medicinal Varieties and Cross-cultural Exchange." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/426.
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Relevance: Many Chinese medicinal materials (CMMs) have changed over centuries of use, particularly in terms of their botanical identity and processing methods. In some cases, these changes have important implications for safety and efficacy in modern clinical practice. As most previous research has focused on clarifying the evolution of CMMs by analyzing traditional Chinese materia medica ("bencao") literature, assessments of historical collections are needed to validate these conclusions with material evidence.. Aim of the study: Historical collections of Chinese medicines reveal the market materials in circulation at a given moment in time, and represent an underexploited resource for analyzing the evolution of Chinese herbal medicines. This study compares specimens from rare collections of CMMs with contemporary market materials. By highlighting examples of changes in botanical identity and processing that remain relevant for safe clinical practice in the modern era, this work aims to stimulate further research into previously unexplored historical collections of Chinese medicines.. Materials and Methods: Three groups of herbal specimens were investigated from pre-modern collections of CMMs; these specimen groups are divided into separate chapters in the thesis presented here. The historical specimens researched here are stored in the UK in the Economic Botany Collections (EBC) of Royal Botanic Gardens Kew and in the Kam Wah Chung Museum in John Day, Oregon. The specimens were morphologically examined, photographed, and compared to authentic CMMs stored at the Bank of China (Hong Kong) Chinese Medicines Center at Hong Kong Baptist University, as well as authentic herbarium-vouchered specimens from the Leon Collection (LC) at the Kew EBC. Case studies were selected to illustrate examples of historical changes in botanical identity, used plant parts, and processing methods.. In the first group, 620 specimens of CMMs that were collected from Chinese pharmacies in the Malay peninsula in the 1920s were examined macroscopically and compared with current pharmacopoeia specifications and authentic contemporary samples. In the second group, three commonly used Chinese medicines that have a history of substitution with materials from the Aristolochiaceae family were investigated. In the third group, over 200 herbal specimens from a Gold Rush Era collection stored in John Day, Oregon were assessed.. Results: This investigation confirmed that confusion due to shared common names and regional variations in the botanical identity of certain CMMs has been a persistent issue over time. Additionally, historical changes in processing methods and the plant parts used were observed for some CMMs. In some cases, these changes have direct implications for the safe clinical practice of Chinese medicine.. Conclusions: This preliminary assessment illustrated the significant potential of collections for clarifying historical changes in CMMs. More research is needed to investigate pre-modern collections of CMMs, including a more comprehensive assessment of the holdings in the Kew EBC and other European collections that have not yet been explored from the perspective of Chinese medicine.
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Hazzard, Oli. "Trying to have it both ways : John Ashbery and Anglo-American exchange." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:87f922c5-79dc-4fd5-85dd-50c4a7661015.
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This dissertation explores John Ashbery's interactions with several generations of English poets, during a period which ranges from the late 1940s to the present day. It seeks to support two principle propositions: that Ashbery's engagements with contemporaneous English poets had a decisive influence on his poetic development; and that Ashbery's own poetic and critical work can be employed to revise our understanding of mid-to-late 20th century English poetry. The dissertation demonstrates that Ashbery's relationships with four English poets - W.H. Auden, F.T. Prince, Lee Harwood and Mark Ford - occurred at significant junctures in, and altered the course of, his poetic development. Ashbery's critical and poetic engagements with these poets, when read together, are shown to constitute an idiosyncratic but coherent re-reading of the English poetry of the past and present. The dissertation addresses the ways in which each poet theorises the difficulties posed, and opportunities afforded, by perceived changes in Anglo-American poetic relations at different points during the 20th century. Chapter one re-evaluates Ashbery's relationship with Auden. It traces the legacy of Auden's coterie poetics in The Orators for Ashbery and Frank O'Hara, offers a revisionary reading of The Vermont Notebook as a strident response to Auden's late-career conservativism, and reads in depth Ashbery's unpublished, highly ambivalent elegy for him, "If I had My Way, Dear". Chapter Two attends to the extensive correspondence between Ashbery and Prince, argues that Prince's work provided a model for Ashbery's "encrypted" early lyrics addressing his homosexuality, and reads "Clepsydra" as an early elaboration of Ashbery's conception of a reciprocal influential model. Chapter Three examines Lee Harwood's "imitations" of Ashbery, and considers the latter's first critical formation of an English "other tradition" through his association of Harwood with the work of John Clare. Chapter Four portrays Ashbery's relationship with Mark Ford as a successful enactment of reciprocal influence, a form of engagement which allows Ashbery a means to "shake off his own influence" and to retain his status as a "major minor writer".
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Bolten, Annika. "Pegs, politics and petrification : exchange rate policy in Argentina and Brazil since the 1980s." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/254/.
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Currency crises have long constituted one of the most important sources of politicoeconomic instability across middle-income emerging markets, with exchange rate pegs having been identified as key culprits. Given pegs’ propensity for boom-bust-cycles, it is thus puzzling that governments insist on implementing such constraining regimes and, more importantly, that they tend to postpone exchange rate flexibilisation until a disorderly exit becomes inevitable. This thesis addresses as its core puzzle exchange regime choice in middleincome emerging markets in Latin America, and especially the phenomenon of ‘exchange rate petrification’, by examining the tumultuous exchange rate history of Argentina and Brazil. Adopting a qualitative approach and using comparisons between periods and countries, it traces the process of exchange rate policymaking on the basis of participant interviews and archival and media research over a period ranging from re-democratisation in the early 1980s, through the decade of structural reforms under nominal exchange rate anchors in the 1990s until the crisis exits to inflation-targeting under ‘dirty floats’ in the new millennium. The study shows that existing studies, which narrowly focus on electoral opportunism, credibility-building motivations or structurally-determined interest group pressures derived from OECD contexts, fail to capture the reality of emerging market exchange rate politics, their distinct economic structural context and the inter-relationship between exchange rate policy and executives’ structural reform endeavours. Instead, the analysis suggests that only a model of exchange rate politics that centres on intra-executive dynamics, but incorporates their interplay with societal cleavages and the role of international financial institutions, can account for the countries’ divergent exchange rate policy and especially the differential severity of ‘exchange rate petrification’. Using the cases of Argentina and Brazil as a backdrop, the thesis offers an explanation for the problematic nature of exchange rate pegs that goes beyond the analysis offered by the economics literature, and instead highlights their inherently political nature insofar as national governments conceive of nominal pegs as coalition-building devices in the context of politically controversial structural reforms. Aside from structural factors, such as liability dollarisation, it is governments’ reluctance to surrender this political instrument that perpetuates ‘exchange rate petrification’. As ‘exchange rate petrification’ presupposes the absence of sustained exchange rate politicisation, the thesis also refines the literature’s exchange rate politicisation hypothesis by incorporating several intervening variables, such as the institutional structure of organised society, the nature of the political system and ideational factors, which may mute calls for exchange regime change and thus generate permissive circumstances for exchange rate pegs to petrify.
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Wang, Zhaohui. "The international political economy of China's exchange rate policymaking from 2003 to 2013." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/91033/.
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This thesis examines the international political economy of China’s exchange rate policymaking from a theoretical and an empirical perspective. The literature review identifies the limitations in the existing Economics studies on the RMB exchange rate and the research gap of the Comparative Political Economy (CPE) and International Political Economy (IPE) approaches to exchange rate politics. The author develops a three-level game framework for China’s exchange rate policymaking based on revision and synthesis of the existing CPE and IPE approaches. Specifically, the three-level game framework refers to the Chinese leadership’s negotiations with the international bargainers (mainly the U.S. government and the IMF) at the international level (level I), negotiations between central government’s ministries (People’s Bank of China and Ministry of Commerce) at the central governmental level (level II) and negotiations with the domestic interest groups and local governments at the local level (level III). The main argument of the thesis is that the three-level game framework provides a richer portrait of the dynamism and complexity of China’s exchange rate policymaking. The three-level game framework is applied empirically through an examination of China’s exchange rate policymaking between 2003 and 2013. The empirical studies have four major findings. First, the level I game played an agenda-setting role in China’s exchange rate policymaking before the 2005 exchange rate reform. Second, the level II game determined the limited scope of the initial reform and the subsequent gradual RMB appreciation. Third, the level III game provided the most important sources for China’s exchange rate policy returning to the de facto dollar-pegged exchange rate regime during the global financial crisis. Lastly, the level I game once again played an agenda-setting role in the 2010 exchange rate reform, but the level II game was important as well, in which the Chinese leadership reached the consensus to allow the RMB to appreciate against the dollar in a gradual and steady manner to improve the confidence and promote the international use of RMB. This thesis provides original and systematic research on China’s exchange rate policymaking in the Hu-Wen era to the academic literature. It makes a modest theoretical contribution to the existing body of CPE and IPE literature by developing the three-level game framework to explain China’s exchange rate policymaking. More importantly, this research sheds light on the international political economy of China’s exchange rate policymaking based on documentary analysis and primary data from interviews and questionnaire surveys. Overall, this is a timely and rigorous study on the role that international and domestic politics play in forging China’s exchange rate policymaking.
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Trivizoli, Lucieli Maria. "Intercâmbios acadêmicos matemáticos entre EUA e Brasil : uma globalização do saber /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102094.
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Orientador: Ubiratan D'Ambrosio<br>Banca: Sergio R. Nobre<br>Banca: Rosa L. Sverzut Baroni<br>Banca: Plinio Zornoff Táboas<br>Banca: Edilson Roberto Pacheco<br>Resumo: Esta pesquisa de doutorado propôs-se a identificar os matemáticos brasileiros que fizeram parte da fase inicial do intercâmbio acadêmico entre Brasil e Estados Unidos por meio de bolsas de estudos concedidas por fundações privadas, iniciando, assim, as reflexões acerca das influências estadunidenses na Matemática no Brasil, situando-se dentro de uma área de investigação que trata da história do desenvolvimento da Matemática no Brasil. A identificação desses matemáticos se deu por meio de consulta e análise de documentação e listagens de bolsistas fornecidas pelas instituições abordadas: a Fundação Rockefeller, Fundação Guggenheim e Comissão Fulbright. Parte da documentação foi obtida por meio da consulta aos arquivos no Rockefeller Archive Center, em New York, pela listagem fornecida pelo Escritório da Comissão Fulbright no Brasil, pela listagem encontrada no site oficial da Comissão Fulbright e no site oficial da Fundação Guggenheim. Com esse objetivo, empreenderam-se estudos sobre a história do desenvolvimento da Ciência no Brasil, em uma visão geral e em particular da Matemática, focalizando ocasiões nas quais a participação de instituições estadunidenses foi decisiva para a formação da elite intelectual brasileira, no período de 1945 a 1980. Além disso, apresentamos uma síntese do referencial teórico que foi utilizado na pesquisa, discutindo o conceito de globalização da Ciência e da Matemática, para estabelecer um entendimento da ideia dos intercâmbios científicos a partir da dinâmica dos encontros culturais e sob uma perspectiva da história social, considerando que a atividade científica é uma das vias para a compreensão das relações sociais e culturais. A partir desse panorama de estudo, destacamos indícios que nos ajudam a responder uma série de perguntas históricas acerca do... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: This PhD research is aimed at identifying Brazilian mathematicians who were part of early academic exchanges between Brazil and the United States by means of scholarships awarded by private foundations and reflecting on the on the American influences in mathematics in Brazil, within an area of research that deals with the history of the development of mathematics in Brazil. The identification of these mathematicians was done through consultation and analysis of documents and lists of scholarships provided by the addressed institutions: the Rockefeller Foundation, the Guggenheim Foundation and Fulbright Commission. Some of the documentation was obtained by consulting the files found in the Rockefeller Archive Center in New York, the list supplied by the Office of the Fulbright Commission in Brazil, and the lists found on the official websites of the Fulbright Commission and Guggenheim Foundation. With this objective, studies were undertaken on the history of the development of science in Brazil, and an overview of mathematics in particular, focusing on occasions in which the participation of American institutions was decisive for the formation of the Brazilian intellectual elite in the period 1945 to 1980. In addition, we present the theoretical synthesis that was used in the research, which describes the concept of globalization of science and mathematics to establish an understanding of the idea of scientific exchange from the dynamics of cultural encounters and from a perspective of social history, considering that the scientific activity is one of the ways to understand the social and cultural relations. From this overview study, we highlight clues that help us to answer a series of questions about the historical development of mathematics in Brazil and point to a close relationship between science... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Doutor
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Siddiqui, Ali Gibran. "The Sufi ¿¿¿¿¿¿arīqa as an Exchange Network: The A¿¿¿¿¿¿rārīs in Timūrid Central Asia." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338309336.
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Cardoso, Eliana A. "Inflation, growth and the real exchange rate essays on economic history in Brazil and Latin America, 1850-1983 /." New York : Garland, 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/15549855.html.
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Webster, Laurie D. 1952. "Effects of European contact on textile production and exchange in the North American Southwest: A Pueblo case study." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282534.
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The patterns of Pueblo textile production, use, and exchange underwent dramatic change during the first two centuries of Spanish-colonial rule as precontact styles and technologies were modified, new ones embraced, and traditional systems of production and exchange were disrupted, usurped, and transformed. This study traces and interprets the historic and socioeconomic processes underlying these changes. Three major research questions are explored: (1) how were Pueblo systems of textile production and exchange organized prior to European contact? (2) how did contact with Spanish religious, political, and social institutions influence and transform these Pueblo systems; and (3) how did Pueblo societies compensate for these changes to ensure continuing supplies of native textiles for secular and ritual use? To evaluate these questions, the research constructs a general cross-cultural model of colonial textile change and then tests this model using archaeological and documentary data from the Pueblo Southwest for the period A.D. 1300-1850. Archaeological data from four regions are investigated and compared: the Hopi region, the Zuni region, the Rio Grande valley, and the eastern periphery. The research presents detailed technical analyses of archaeological textiles and production-related artifacts and features from the large, contact-period mission sites of Awatovi, Hawikuh, and Pecos, along with data from smaller assemblages. Using translations of primary Spanish accounts, the research considers the ways in which Franciscan missionaries, provincial governors, and other colonial entities appropriated Pueblo textiles and labor for Spanish-colonial purposes through systems of forced labor and tribute. The study assesses the impacts of this diversion on the organization of Pueblo textile production, including shifts in the gender of textile producers and in the contexts and scheduling of production activities. The adoption of new fibers and dyes and the growing use of Navajo, Hispanic, and imported fabrics by Pueblo consumers are also explored. On a broader level, the research traces the decline of textile production in the Eastern Pueblo region, the concomitant intensification of textile production among the Western Pueblos, the expansion of textile exchange networks on a regional scale, and the emergence of Hopi as the principal supplier of Pueblo textile needs.
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Davis, Walter B. "Wang Yiting and the Art of Sino-Japanese Exchange." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1213111969.
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Marriott, Brandon John. "The birth pangs of the Messiah : transnational networks and cross-religious exchange in the age of Sabbatai Sevi." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ed4243fe-d113-4d7e-9704-f0361b966d33.
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Between 1648 CE and 1666 CE, news, rumours, and theories about the messiah and the Lost Tribes of Israel were disseminated amongst diverse populations of Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Employing a world history methodology, this thesis follows three sets of such narratives that were spread through the American colonies, England, the Dutch Republic, the Italian peninsula and the Ottoman Empire, connecting people separated by linguistic, religious, national, and continental divides. This dissertation starts by situating this transmission within a broader context that dates back to 1492 CE and then traces the three-stage process in which eschatological constructs originating in the Americas in the 1640s were transmitted across Europe to the Levant in the 1650s, preparing the minds of Jews and Christians for the return of these ideas from the Ottoman Empire in the 1660s. In this manner, this study seeks to make three contributions to the existing literature. It brings together often isolated historiographies, it unearths fresh archival sources, and it provides a new conceptual framework. Overall, it argues that one cannot understand the growth of apocalyptic tension that reached its peak in 1666 without examining the major historical events and processes that began in 1492 and affected Jews, Christians, and Muslims across the Atlantic and Mediterranean worlds.
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Norbut, Laura Ann. "The North American Peltry Exchange: A Comparative Look at the Fur Trade in Colonial Virginia and New Netherland." W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539624394.
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Lincecum, Joshua E. "“The Grand Old Man of Cotton”: Colonel Henry G. Hester, Economic Innovation, and the New Orleans Cotton Exchange, 1871-1932." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2170.
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After the American Civil War, and the collapse of the market in slave-produced cotton in the South, cotton merchants in New Orleans faced challenges in re-establishing the city as a central port for Southern cotton. As commodities exchanges emerged as centralized spaces for business in the 1870s, a new class of experts emerged, upon whose reports traders bought and sold newly developed securities derivatives. Henry G. Hester (1846- 1934), Secretary of the New Orleans Cotton Exchange, was an integral player in the development of the methods that governed sophisticated commodities trading around the world. His career at the New Orleans Cotton Exchange tells the story of the arrival of these methods and subsequent downfall of Euro-American centrality in the global cotton empire and contradicts previous histories that deemphasize Southern businesspersons’ contributions to modernization.
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Alpan, Aytek Soner. "The Economic Impact Of The 1923 Greco-turkish Population Exchange Upon Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609803/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE 1923 GRECO-TURKISH POPULATION EXCHANGE UPON TURKEY
Alpan, Aytek Soner
M. Sc., Department of Economics
Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Onur Yildirim
August 2008, 167 pages
The Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations signed on January 30, 1923 at Lausanne resulted in the first compulsory population exchange under the auspices of an international organization, namely the League of Nations. The Greco-Turkish Population Exchange marked a turning point for Greece and Turkey with regard to its demographic, social, political and economic effects. Although the multifaceted effects of the Exchange upon Greece have been extensively studied by the scholars of different disciplines, the Turkish scholarship is very limited in terms of documenting and analyzing the role of this event in the history of modern Turkey. The present study aims to fill this gap by assessing the economic effects of this event upon Turkey.
This thesis fulfils the above task by examining the transformation of the basic sectors in the Turkish economy during the post-Exchange period. We argue that the Population Exchange had significant effects upon the Turkish economy. For example, in the agricultural sector the capitalist property relations on land were reinforced and the production patterns in certain agricultural crops were subject to a considerable degree of change. As far as the industry is concerned, the production of certain commodities deteriorated due to the rising competition between Turkey and Greece over the manufactured goods. The worsening international economic conditions exacerbated the effects of this competition upon the Turkish economy. Lastly, with the transfer of the Anatolian Greek merchants to Greece, Anatolia&rsquo<br>s commercial links with foreign markets weakened much to the detriment of the Turkish economy. The intermediary position of the Greek merchants was gradually substituted by the newly-emerging Turkish mercantile bourgeoisie after the Exchange.
This thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the subject and provides a survey of the related literature. Chapter 2 examines the effects of the Exchange upon agriculture and land tenure system. Chapter 3 is designed to evaluate the transformation of the industrial base inherited from the Ottoman Empire by certain factors including the Exchange. Chapter 4 deals with the effects of the transfer of the Anatolian Greeks and the arrival of the refugees upon the commerce. Chapter 5 presents general and specific conclusions in the light of previous chapters.
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Walker, Gabrielle. "Behind the Fan: Conservative Activists in the New Orleans Christian Woman's Exchange, 1881-1891." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2009. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/946.
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In 1881, Margaret Bartlett of New Orleans crafted the Christian Woman's Exchange using the New York Exchange chapter as a model. Bartlett hoped this new organization would help alleviate at least some of the economic suffering "reduced gentlewomen"faced. Despite the Exchange's original mission to help the elite, the group soon crossed class and racial boundaries in a campaign of conservative activism. The Christian Woman's Exchange helped women provide for their families by training them to produce homemade goods for sale in consignment shops. Simultaneously, working-class women found employment within the Christian Woman's Exchange lunch room and other business ventures. Since the group's consignors had the opportunity to earn wages while remaining at home, and working-class women tied themselves to a respectable business, the accepted societal expectations for all women involved remained intact. In the group's first decade, the Christian Woman's Exchange members managed to maintain the Southern lady veneer while attracting attention from women around the world.
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Trost, Steven C. "Exchange rates and the trade balance in Argentina and Peru: is there a J-curve?" Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1342192000.
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Brooks, Cassandra M. "Cultural Exchange: the Role of Stanislavsky and the Moscow Art Theatre’s 1923 and 1924 American Tours." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699929/.
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The following is a historical analysis on the Moscow Art Theatre’s (MAT) tours to the United States in 1923 and 1924, and the developments and changes that occurred in Russian and American theatre cultures as a result of those visits. Konstantin Stanislavsky, the MAT’s co-founder and director, developed the System as a new tool used to help train actors—it provided techniques employed to develop their craft and get into character. This would drastically change modern acting in Russia, the United States and throughout the world. The MAT’s first (January 2, 1923 – June 7, 1923) and second (November 23, 1923 – May 24, 1924) tours provided a vehicle for the transmission of the System. In addition, the tour itself impacted the culture of the countries involved. Thus far, the implications of the 1923 and 1924 tours have been ignored by the historians, and have mostly been briefly discussed by the theatre professionals. This thesis fills the gap in historical knowledge.
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Dobyns, Susan Dianne. "The role of indigenous elites in culture contact and change: Interactional analysis of intercultural exchange events in early historic period Hawai'i, 1778-1819." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184559.
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Early contact period studies of first intercultural interactions are important for understanding both traditional pre-contact society and the changes brought about by culture contact. Using documentary records kept by early Euroamerican visitors, the sociolinguistic technique of interactional analysis was employed to identify and analyze specific Euroamerican descriptions of intercultural exchange interactions during early contact period Hawai'i (1778-1819). Statistical analyses revealed clear and consistent differences in the reported exchange experiences of high and low status individuals from both cultures. In the majority of the seven hundred and one (701) events, high status individuals from both cultures interacted together or low status individuals from both cultures interacted together. Interactions with mixed high and low status interactants rarely were reported. High status interactions were described in more detail than were low status interactions, and high status interactants were associated much more frequently with the rarer or less common aspects of exchange than were low status interactants. This was true for type of exchange, nature of exchange (whether mediated or direct), complexity of event description, and both Euroamerican and Hawaiian exchange goods. Narrator and voyage characteristics exhibited similarly distinct status associations. The early historic period was not a homogeneous or monolithic period. All major aspects of exchange events demonstrated simple diachronic change, and many were significant under more powerful statistical analysis as well. Some temporal variations were due to changes in narrator characteristics, particularly purpose of voyage. Other changes reflected shifting methods of control by both Euroamerican and Hawaiian high status individuals as well as the consolidation of power by high status Hawaiian ali'i. Mediated events were especially good indicators of these developments. A complementary analysis of thefts revealed clear status distinctions between low status Hawaiian thieves, low status Euroamerican victims, and high status Hawaiian agents of return. These descriptions indicated that thefts were neither numerous nor particularly important. Thus, interactional analysis provided an alternative to anecdotal ethnohistoric analysis. At the same time, it demonstrated the importance of analyzing collections of ethnohistoric documents in order to assess the variation (and the meaning of that variation) both within and between the individual documents.
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Kerrigan, Steven James. "Normandy's role in the development of the Flamboyant style: decoration, meaning, and exchange in Late Gothic architecture." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2542.
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This dissertation explores the significance of Norman Flamboyant architecture by considering its origins, its local meanings, and its place in the larger narratives of late medieval architectural history. This examination of Normandy's role in the development of the Flamboyant style includes a brief assessment of the historiography of the Late Gothic period, with emphasis on questions of regional and national identity. Since many elements of the Flamboyant style had been imported from the Decorated Style that developed in England, a country with which France was still at war when the Flamboyant began, the relationship between these traditions remains controversial even today. To address this controversy, this project examines the motivations of Norman patrons who employed these new forms in the context of the Hundred Years War, before going on to consider the later phases of the Flamboyant, adopted in Normandy after the expulsion of the English, and the demise of the style in the decades after 1500. By linking architectural form and social context, this work clarifies the history of Norman Gothic architecture and its cultural significance.
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Hayne, Jeremy Mark. "Culture contact and exchange in Iron Age north Sardinia (900 BC-200 BC)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4132/.
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Prehistoric Sardinia is best known for its Bronze Age Nuragic culture which lasted from the mid-2nd millennium until the early 1st millennium. The Iron Age and later prehistory of the island are often subsumed into discourses that emphasise the colonising Phoenicians (8th-6th centuries BC) and Carthaginians (6th-2nd centuries BC). In the north of the island the local communities, being neither part of the Bronze Age Nuragic culture nor of the colonized world of the south, are seen in relation to foreign communities rather than from local perspectives. This thesis uses postcolonial theoretical frameworks of island identity, consumption and materiality to examine the local/foreign interactions that take place in north Sardinia in the period between 900 – 200 BC. The main focus is to set the interrelationships between the local Sardinian communities and the Phoenician, Etruscan, Greek and Carthaginian traders and settlers who frequented the shores in a context that emphasises local and indigenous agency. At the same time this topic provides an opportunity to re-examine the scholarship that has led to north Sardinia being overlooked. This thesis covers a long time period and the project is divided geographically between three different zones of north Sardinia (the north-west, the central-east and the Olbia area) and chronologically between the 9th- 7th centuries, the 7th – 5th centuries and the 4th-2nd centuries BC. The data set includes the archaeological material from 51 north Sardinian sites that contain evidence of local/foreign interactions during these periods. Using this data a few well excavated sites are studied in greater detail to examine and question the models of acculturation and resistance that form the traditional perspectives of scholars working in the north. For example, the presence or lack of foreign material culture on indigenous sites has often been understood from the perspective that desire for foreign goods was natural. This approach overemphasises the role that foreign communities had in contact situations and at the same time underemphasises the agency and choices of the local inhabitants. Indeed an examination of the data shows how local practices continued and that the foreign presence had a limited impact. One of my aims in this thesis is to avoid a dualistic position which sets the local communities against foreign ones; in fact local/foreign interactions can result in the creation of ‘hybrid’ products, practices and communities and I explore how far we can see the hybridization of north Sardinian communities in the different phases of the 1st millennium through the material culture that informed their actions. A second aim is to explore what types of changes took place in north Sardinian identities through the types of objects they consumed. Some of the larger Iron Age sites were sanctuaries and thus I examine how far local communities used ritual as a way of mediating the exchanges between them and foreign people through their selection of the material culture. Thirdly, this thesis approaches the social identities of the Sardinians using a bottom-up approach to the interactions. This allows me to compare the different ways in which local communities experienced foreign contacts and culture over a broad period and the evidence illuminates the variety of ways that island identities were developed in the various regions of north Sardinia.
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Häusler, Clemens Albert Josef. "The transatlantic exchange between American liberals, British Labourites, and German social democrats from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609089.
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Baker, Catherine K. "Roman Imperialism and Latin Colonization in the Central Apennines: Networks of Interaction and Exchange." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1552656991727309.
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Fransen, Sietske. "Exchange of knowledge through translation : Jan Baptista Van Helmont and his editors and translators in the seventeenth century." Thesis, School of Advanced Study, University of London, 2014. http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/6351/.
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This thesis is a case study illustrating the circulation of scientific knowledge as achieved through translation in the seventeenth century. Providing the foundation of education in the liberal arts, Latin had an enormous influence on written science in the early modern period. This was evident not just on the level of the vocabulary. Latin grammar structured thought, and thereby extended the influence of the language to an epistemological level. However, the authority of Latin was increasingly contested throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. To examine this shift of authority away from Latin to the vernacular languages, and to examine the way this impacted upon both the theory and practice of science, I have focused on the Flemish physician and alchemist Jan Baptista van Helmont (1579-1644). Van Helmont provides a highly revealing case study for multiple reasons: he himself wrote in both Latin and the Dutch vernacular; he had very clear ideas about translation and its relationship to the acquisition of knowledge; finally, his works were translated into English, French and German within forty years after his death. In the first two chapters I examine Van Helmont’s use of language in the two idioms in which he published, Dutch and Latin. I compare his views about language and translation, by closely connecting them to his philosophy of the mind and his practice of (self-)translation, which turns out to deviate markedly from his own theories. Chapter 3 describes how Van Helmont’s son, Francis Mercury (1614-1698), was personally involved with almost all the posthumously printed editions and translations of his father’s works. I argue that Francis Mercury’s influence on the spread of his father’s intellectual heritage is far more extensive than has hitherto been assumed. Chapters 4 and 5 analyse the eight translations of Van Helmont’s works into English, French and German. These translations were written between 1650 and 1683. I examine them with respect to theoretical texts (Chapter 4) and practical texts (Chapter 5) in order to show that there were no clear-cut or standardized methods for translating scientific knowledge and that the translators’ interpretations had therefore a major impact on the way Van Helmont’s ideas were received in different linguistic domains.
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Gutekunst, Jason Alexander. "Wabanaki Catholics: Ritual Song, Hybridity, and Colonial Exchange in Seventeenth-Century New England and New France." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1229626549.
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Edlinger, Cécile. "Paris Stock Exchange 1870-1914 : financial information and portfolio choices." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0055.
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Cette thèse se compose de quatre chapitres dédiés à l'étude de la Bourse de Paris et des investissements français entre 1874 et 1914. Elle relève d'une démarche cliométrique : les faits historiques sont analysés en mobilisant les outils statistiques et théoriques de l'économie financière.Le premier chapitre participe à la réécriture de l'histoire de l'économie financière. Il démontre que les conseils financiers français avant 1914 relèvent d'une proto-science, prémices à la Théorie Moderne du Portefeuille (T.M.P.) développée à partir des années 1960s. Il justifie l'utilisation, dans le second chapitre, de la T.M.P. pour l'évaluation de la rationalité des choix de portefeuilles internationaux. Nous démontrons la rationalité des flux massifs de capitaux à l'étranger et en particulier à destination des pays européens. Nous constatons la rationalité de la préférence européenne des investisseurs français et le biais des investissements britanniques en faveur des "nouvelles nations". Le troisième chapitre présente une base de données inédite composée des rentabilités mensuelles de tous les types de titres cotés à la Bourse de Paris entre 1874 et 1914. Il s'agit d'un indicateur fiable des performances de la Bourse de Paris et de l'information publique en France sur cette période. Dans le quatrième chapitre, nous réalisons la première évaluation des conseils de l'analyste financier français A. Neymarck (1913), à la veille de 1914. Nous montrons que le risque de chaque catégorie d'actifs est correctement perçu, l'existence d'une hiérarchisation des portefeuilles proposés en fonction de la richesse de l'investisseur et mettons en avant les imperfections de ces conseils<br>This PhD dissertation is composed of four chapters dedicated to the study of the Paris Stock Exchange and French investments from 1874 to 1914. It follows a cliometric approach, whereby historical facts are analysed using the statistical and theoretical tools of financial economics.The first chapter contributes to a re-evaluation of the history of financial economics. It shows that French financial advice before 1914 was part of a proto-science which laid the foundations for the Modern Portfolio Theory (M.P.T.) developed from the 1960s onwards. This finding justifies the use of the M.P.T in the second chapter to assess the rationality of international portfolio choices. We demonstrate the rationality of huge capital flows toward foreign countries and in particular toward European countries. We note the rationality of the French investor's preference for European securities, and the bias towards "young nations" in British investments. The third chapter introduces an original database composed of the monthly returns for all the types of securities listed on the Paris Stock Exchange from 1874 to 1914. It is a reliable indicator of Paris Stock Exchange performances and of the public information available in France at that time. In the fourth chapter, we make the first assessment of the advice provided by the French financial analyst A. Neymarck (1913), prior to 1914. We show that the risk of each asset category is correctly evaluated, evidence the ranking of the suggested portfolios according to the investors' wealth, and pinpoint the few imperfections of his advice
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Clark, Leah Ruth. "Value and symbolic practices: objects, exchanges, and associations in the Italian courts (1450-1500)." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66682.
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Arguing for a reconsideration of the object's function in court life, this thesis investigates how the value of an object is tied to the role it plays in symbolic activities, which formed the basis of court relations at the end of the fifteenth century. This study thus examines the courts of Italy (particularly Ferrara and Naples) through the myriad of objects—statues, paintings, jewellery, furniture, and heraldry—that were valued for their subject matter, material forms, histories, and social functions. Such objects are considered not only as components of court life, but also as agents which activated the symbolic practices that became integral to relations within and between courts. These activities—the exchange of diplomatic gifts, the consumption of precious objects, the displaying of collectibles, and the bestowing of knightly orders—were all ways that objects acted as points of contact between individuals, giving rise to new associations and new interests. The end of the fifteenth century was a pivotal moment in the courts of Italy, fraught with alliances and counter-alliances involving not only the courts on the Italian peninsula but also abroad. The court was an important space where individuals sought to assert and legitimise their power, and this was often done through material and visual means. The court is thus examined from diverse angles, taking the object as a starting point, and tracing relationships and networks through visual, textual, material, and literary sources. Shifting the focus away from artistic intentions and patronage, this study examines how objects constitute relations, often in unpredictable ways, not only forging connections but also revealing instabilities and latent hostilities. The constant circulation of precious objects in the late fifteenth century reveals a system of value which placed importance not only on ownership, but also on the replication, copying,<br>En considérant la fonction de l'objet dans la vie à la cour princière, cette thèse examine comment la valeur d'un objet est liée au rôle qu'il joue dans les pratiques symboliques qui, à la fin du quinzième siècle, est à la base même des relations à la cour. Ce projet examine les cours d'Italie (en particulier celles de Ferrare et de Naples) à travers une multitude d'objet (statues, peintures, bijoux, meubles, et emblèmes héraldiques) qui étaient évalués pour leurs matériaux, leur forme, leur historique, et leurs fonctions sociales. Ces objets sont ici étudiés non seulement comme représentatifs de la vie à la cour, mais aussi comme des agents actifs des pratiques symboliques importantes aux relations entre les différents cours. Ces pratiques – l'échange de cadeaux diplomatiques, la consommation d'objets précieux, étalage d'objets de collection, et investitures dans des ordres chevaleresques – sont autant de manières par lesquelles les objets servent de point d'attache entre individus et génèrent, de la sorte, de nouvelles associations et de nouveaux intérêts.La fin du quinzième siècle était un moment clé pour les cours d'Italie, chargé des alliances et contre-alliances entre non seulement les cours de la péninsule italienne mais aussi celles de l'étranger. La cour est alors un espace important où les individus cherchent à revendiquer et à légitimer leur pouvoir par des moyens matériels et visuels. En plaçant l'objet au centre de l'investigation, ce projet, plutôt que de se préoccuper des intentions artistiques ou mécénales, redirige l'attention sur la fonction certaine, mais combien variable, des objets dans la formation de relations sociales et démontre comment elle peut révéler l'existence de tensions et d'hostilités latentes. La circulation continue d'objets précieux met en relief un système de valeurs qui est à l'œuvre à la fin du quinzièm