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Journal articles on the topic 'History of Psychiatry and Psychology'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Padwa, Howard. "History of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology." Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 71, no. 05 (May 15, 2010): 658–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/jcp.09bk05577whi.

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2

Prior, P. "History of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology." Social History of Medicine 22, no. 1 (October 4, 2008): 206–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkn085.

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3

Trinidad, Antolin C. "History of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology." JAMA 301, no. 7 (February 18, 2009): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.101.

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4

Brown, Walter A. "History of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology." JAMA 300, no. 7 (August 20, 2008): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.300.7.jbk0820-f.

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5

Seddigh, Ruohollah, and Somayeh Azarnik. "History of Contemporary Cultural Psychiatry in Iran." Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 26, no. 4 (January 1, 2021): 524–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.26.3.2117.1.

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Cultural psychiatry is one of the relatively new trends in psychiatry that has received much attention today. During the last century, many Iranian psychiatrists have taken steps to introduce various aspects of cultural psychiatry from the field of epidemiology to the cultural conceptualization of psychiatric disorders. This narrative review article tries to refer to the history of contemporary cultural psychiatry and the efforts have been made in this field by Iranian psychiatrists between 1936 and 2019. It seems that the introduction of these efforts as educational resources to residents and students can help to further explain and develop this area and a deeper understanding of psychiatric disorders. However, there are still shortcomings in documenting, compiling, and integrating these services, which require special attention from researchers in this field.
6

Kirkby, Kenneth. "A history of clinical psychiatry; the origin and history of psychiatric disorders." Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 34, no. 1 (1998): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6696(199824)34:1<57::aid-jhbs7>3.0.co;2-g.

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7

Seligman, Martin E. P. "Positive Psychology: A Personal History." Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 15, no. 1 (May 7, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095653.

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As president of the American Psychological Association in 1998, I organized researchers and practitioners to work on building well-being, not just on the traditional task of reducing ill-being. Substantial research then found that well-being causes many external benefits, including better physical and mental health. Among the applications of Positive Psychology are national psychological accounts of well-being, Positive Psychotherapy, the classification of strengths and virtues, Comprehensive Soldier Fitness, and Positive Education. Positive Psychology has spread beyond psychology into neuroscience, health, psychiatry, theology, and even to the humanities. Positive Psychology has many critics, and I comment on the strongest criticisms. I conclude with the hope that the building of well-being will become a cornerstone of morality, politics, and religion.
8

Oosterhuis, Harry. "Clinical psychiatry in imperial Germany: A history of psychiatric practice." Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 41, no. 1 (2005): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.20050.

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9

Healy, Elizabeth E. "From the History & Archives Collection: Pictorial History of Psychology and Psychiatry." Delaware Journal of Public Health 2, no. 5 (December 2016): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32481/djph.2016.12.022.

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10

Roelcke, Volker. "Discovering the history of psychiatry." Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 33, no. 3 (1997): 269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6696(199722)33:3<269::aid-jhbs7>3.0.co;2-m.

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11

Ford, Julian D., Kerry Gagnon, Daniel F. Connor, and Geraldine Pearson. "History of Interpersonal Violence, Abuse, and Nonvictimization Trauma and Severity of Psychiatric Symptoms Among Children in Outpatient Psychiatric Treatment." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26, no. 16 (February 28, 2011): 3316–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260510393009.

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In a clinical sample of child psychiatry outpatients, chart review data were collected for 114 consecutive admissions over a 1-year period at a Child and Adolescent Outpatient Psychiatry Clinic. Data included history of documented maltreatment, potentially traumatic domestic or community violence, neglect or emotional abuse, and noninterpersonal stressors as well as demographics, psychiatric diagnoses, and parent-rated child emotional and disruptive behavior problems. On a bivariate and multivariate basis, any past exposure to interpersonal violence—but not to noninterpersonal traumas—was related to more severe disruptive behavior problems, independent of the effects of demographics and psychiatric diagnoses. Noninterpersonal trauma and psychiatric diagnoses were associated with emotional problems; exposure to interpersonal violence appeared to partially account for this relationship despite not being independently associated with emotional problem severity. History of exposure to interpersonal violence warrants clinical and research attention as a severity marker and potential treatment focus in psychiatric outpatient services for children, particularly those with disruptive behavior problems.
12

Toms, Jonathan. "Book Review: Psychology, psychiatry and psychoanalysis: Recent Works." History of the Human Sciences 21, no. 2 (May 2008): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695108091415.

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13

Halling, Steen, and Judy Dearborn Nill. "A Brief History of Existential - Phenomenological Psychiatry a n d pSychotherapy." Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 26, no. 1 (1995): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156916295x00024.

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AbstractThis article provides a historical overview of the Existential-Phenomenological tradition in psychiatry and psychotherapy, tracing its development from its origin in nineteenth and twentieth century philosophical thought, through its major European psychiatric proponents and schools, to its emergence as an influential approach in North America after World War II. The emphasis is on the implicit themes that provide continuity within this movement as well as on the distinctive contributions of individual thinkers. We conclude with a discussion of the present status and future prospects of this tradition.
14

de Leon, Jose. "Is psychiatry only neurology? Or only abnormal psychology? Déjà vu after 100 years." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 27, no. 2 (November 13, 2014): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/neu.2014.34.

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Forgetting history, which frequently repeats itself, is a mistake. In General Psychopathology, Jaspers criticised early 20th century psychiatrists, including those who thought psychiatry was only neurology (Wernicke) or only abnormal psychology (Freud), or who did not see the limitations of the medical model in psychiatry (Kraepelin). Jaspers proposed that some psychiatric disorders follow the medical model (Group I), while others are variations of normality (Group III), or comprise schizophrenia and severe mood disorders (Group II). In the early 21st century, the players’ names have changed but the game remains the same. The US NIMH is reprising both Wernicke’s brain mythology and Kraepelin’s marketing promises. The neo-Kraepelinian revolution started at Washington University, became pre-eminent through the DSM-III developed by Spitzer, but reached a dead end with the DSM-5. McHugh, who described four perspectives in psychiatry, is the leading contemporary representative of the Jaspersian diagnostic approach. Other neo-Jaspersians are: Berrios, Wiggins and Schwartz, Ghaemi, Stanghellini, Parnas and Sass. Can psychiatry learn from its mistakes? The current psychiatric language, organised at its three levels, symptoms, syndromes, and disorders, was developed in the 19th century but is obsolete for the 21st century. Scientific advances in Jaspers’ Group III disorders require collaborating with researchers in the social and psychological sciences. Jaspers’ Group II disorders, redefined by the author as schizophrenia, catatonic syndromes, and severe mood disorders, are the core of psychiatry. Scientific advancement in them is not easy because we are not sure how to delineate between and within them correctly.
15

Mahakud, Gopal Chandra. "A standardized case history format for clinical psychology and psychiatry professionals." International Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry 3, no. 2 (2015): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2320-6233.2015.00015.2.

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16

Braslow, Joel T., and Stephen R. Marder. "History of Psychopharmacology." Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 15, no. 1 (May 7, 2019): 25–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095514.

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We live in an age of psychopharmacology. One in six persons currently takes a psychotropic drug. These drugs have profoundly shaped our scientific and cultural understanding of psychiatric disease. By way of a historical review, we try to make sense of psychiatry's dependency on psychiatric drugs in the care of patients. Modern psychopharmacology began in 1950 with the synthesis of chlorpromazine. Over the course of the next 50 years, the psychiatric understanding and treatment of mental illness radically changed. Psychotropic drugs played a major part in these changes as state hospitals closed and psychotherapy gave way to drug prescriptions. Our review suggests that the success of psychopharmacology was not the consequence of increasingly more effective drugs for discrete psychiatric diseases. Instead, a complex mix of political economic realities, pharmaceutical marketing, basic science advances, and changes in the mental health-care system have led to our current infatuation with psychopharmacology.
17

Arafat, S. M. Yasir. "History of psychiatry in Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Psychiatry 46 (December 2019): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2019.09.024.

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18

Pols, Hans, and Harry Yi-Jui Wu. "Psychology and psychiatry in the global world: Historical perspectives." History of Psychology 22, no. 3 (August 2019): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/hop0000131.

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19

Scull, Andrew. "Contending Professions: Sciences of the Brain and Mind in the United States, 1850–2013." Science in Context 28, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 131–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889714000350.

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ArgumentThis paper examines the intersecting histories of psychiatry and psychology (particularly in its clinical guise) in the United States from the second half of the nineteenth century to the present. It suggests that there have been three major shifts in the ideological and intellectual orientation of the “psy complex.” The first period sees the dominance of the asylum in the provision of mental health care, with psychology, once it emerges in the early twentieth century, remaining a small enterprise largely operating outside the clinical arena, save for the development of psychometric technology. It is followed, between 1945 and 1980, by the rise of psychoanalytic psychiatry and the emergence of clinical psychology. Finally, the re-emergence of biological psychiatry is closely associated with two major developments: an emphasis that emerges in the late 1970s on rendering the diagnosis of psychiatric illnesses mechanical and predictable; and the long-term effects of the psychopharmacological revolution that began in the early 1950s. This third period has seen a shift the orientation of mainstream psychiatry away from psychotherapy, the end of traditional mental hospitals, and a transformed environment within which clinical psychologists ply their trade.
20

Botbol, Michel. "Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic Psychiatry in France." Psychodynamic Psychiatry 49, no. 1 (March 2021): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pdps.2021.49.1.19.

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Even if psychoanalysis in France no longer prevails with the extraordinary enthusiasm it inspired for decades, it still retains an important place, not only in psychiatry and psychology, but also in the humanities and social sciences, including literature, philosophy, art history, linguistics, and cultural anthropology. This essay considers why and how.
21

Scull, Andrew. "A quarter century of the history of psychiatry." Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 35, no. 3 (1999): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6696(199922)35:3<239::aid-jhbs3>3.0.co;2-k.

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22

Schwarz, Silke. "Resilience in psychology: A critical analysis of the concept." Theory & Psychology 28, no. 4 (June 29, 2018): 528–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354318783584.

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Historically, psychiatry and clinical psychology focused on understanding how stressful life conditions led to psychiatric disorders. With the rise of positive psychology, the focus shifted to thriving through adversity and to concepts such as resilience. However, the number of mental disorders is still increasing. Due to a neoliberal Western decontextualizing stance in psychology, the concept of resilience is at risk of reproducing power imbalances and discrimination within our society. Resilience is analysed from a critical perspective, mostly with a Marxist point of view, including Foucauldian discursive approaches, as well as a biomedical critique of the current mental health system, to illustrate the shortcomings of Western psychologies. This article illustrates how a contextualized understanding of resilience that accounts for political, historical, and socioeconomic contexts at analytical levels besides the individual may overcome this ethnocentric and neoliberal bias.
23

Grinshpun, I. B. "The history of psychotherapy. Lecture 2. Historical background of psychotherapy (Part III)." Консультативная психология и психотерапия 24, no. 2 (2016): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2016240208.

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This publication continues a series of lectures by Igor Borisovich Grinshpun about the history of psychotherapy. This part is devoted to the influence of XIX cen- tury psychology and philosophy to the psychotherapy and describes a wide range of personalities of that time. It traces the development of the natural science line from Wundt’s up to the American behaviorism. We consider some of the ideas of F. Brentano, and their development in the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger existentialism. Indirect and direct influence of this philosophical approaches to different areas of psychotherapy is analyzed. The founded by Dil- they humanitarian direction in psychology are considered , which became a base for humanistic and existential psychotherapy. The meaning of the hermeneutics of for psychotherapy is discussed. The analysis of the A. Pushkin writings’ fragments in terms of hermeneutics is done. It addresses the issue of diagnosis in psychiatry and psychotherapy. The influence of F. Galton ideas and inventions to psychology and psychotherapy is described. There is shown the connection between the pseudosci- ence phrenology and the doctrine of the localization of mental functions, which is important for the development of psychiatry and clinical psychology.
24

Harris, Benjamin. "History2 of Psychiatry." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 40, no. 10 (October 1995): 987–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/004053.

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25

No authorship indicated. "New Editor Appointed for History of Psychology." Health Psychology 23, no. 6 (2004): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.23.6.650.

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26

No authorship indicated. "New Editor Appointed for History of Psychology." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 72, no. 6 (2004): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.72.6.1080.

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27

No authorship indicated. "New Editor Appointed for History of Psychology." Psychological Assessment 16, no. 4 (2004): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.16.4.380.

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28

Berger, Michael, and Lionel Hersov. "JCPP - The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry: a history from the inside." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 50, no. 1-2 (January 2009): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02036.x.

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29

Garcia-albea, J., and M. Navas. "Psychology feminine holiness." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.266.

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Feminine holiness is a subject as complex as it is interesting–not least because of the very definition of the term–, in many occasions extraordinary and many others bitter, which has sparked interest throughout history, especially after the progress made on modernity.ObjectiveThe main objective is less to show whether there is a psychiatric, infectious, neurological or any other form of pathological disorder linked to the behaviour of female saints, rather to evaluate all the psychological and social aspects that result in holiness as a mental state being largely a female attribute.Material and methodsFor this, we have tested from birth to death, in what is possible, the lives of sixty religious women, through biographies and autobiographies since they were servants, pious or holy according to ecclesiastical terminology. This set was unavoidable to select twelve cases, which are set out exhaustively in this study.Results and discussionLimiting ourselves to a purely psychiatric view, we can show the presence of psychopathology associated with exceptional states of consciousness, as would be ecstatic and mystical experience itself, present in most cases. We also found common psychological profiles, out of the sixty biographies and autobiographies of religious women analyzed: e.g. pain is used as a means of atonement and a way of removing the guilt of sin. We rule out major psychiatric disorders in the Santas we have analyzed. The behaviors they presented, even sometimes excessive, cannot be included in any of the current major psychiatric disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
30

Gerrans, P. "Mechanisms of madness: evolutionary psychiatry without evolutionary psychology." Biology & Philosophy 22, no. 1 (October 18, 2006): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10539-006-9025-y.

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31

Thumiger, Chiara. "A History of the Mind and Mental Health in Classical Greek Medical Thought." History of Psychiatry 29, no. 4 (August 13, 2018): 456–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x18793592.

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This book on ancient medicine offers a unique resource for historians of medicine, historians of psychology, and classicists – and also cultural historians and historians of art. The Hippocratic texts and other contemporary medical sources have often been overlooked when it comes to their approaches to psychology, which are considered more mechanical and less elaborated than contemporary poetic and philosophical representations, but also than later medical works, notably Galenic. This book aims to do justice to early medical accounts by illustrating their richness and sophistication, their links with contemporary cultural products, and the indebtedness of later medicine to their observations. The ancient sources are read not only as archaeological documents, but also in the light of methodological discussions that are fundamental in the history of psychiatry and the history of psychology.
32

Brickell, Chris. "Psychiatry, psychology and homosexual prisoners in New Zealand, 1910–1960." Medical History 65, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2020.45.

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AbstractPsychiatry, psychology and psychotherapy played an important role in attempts to regulate and rehabilitate New Zealand men imprisoned for sodomy and indecent assault between 1910 and 1960. Little attention has, so far, been paid to the specific psychological ‘treatment’ of such incarcerated men in the international context, but New Zealand’s archives offer-up much valuable detail. This article adopts a Foucauldian approach and explores shifting epistemic beliefs alongside the specific practices of key medical officials, and it considers how prisoners’ subjectivities were shaped in the process. Attempts to displace homoerotic desire gradually gave way to the articulation of same-sex sexuality. New possibilities emerged: when the psychologising of homosexuality in prisons opened the door to self-expression it showed an affinity with the organised resistance of the 1970s.
33

Tofler, Ian. "Evolutionary Thought in Psychology, a Brief History." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 45, no. 8 (August 2006): 1021–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/s0890-8567(09)61907-9.

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34

Robinson, Alexandra M. "Let's Talk about Stress: History of Stress Research." Review of General Psychology 22, no. 3 (September 2018): 334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000137.

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The reference to stress is ubiquitous in modern society, yet it is a relatively new field of research. The following article provides an overview of the history of stress research and its iterations over the last century. In this article, I provide an overview of the earliest stress research and theories introduced through physiology and medicine and eventually as a concept in psychology. I begin with an exploration of the research of biological stressors 1st explored by experimental physiologist Claude Bernard and eventually adopted as a foundational concept in stress research when Walter Cannon expanded on Bernard's work and identified homeostasis. The contributions of Hans Selye, considered the father of stress research; Sir William Osler; Yerkes and Dodson; and Richard Lazarus are also discussed. Finally, I discuss how, in the new millennium, research on psychological stress has expanded across disciplines ranging from physiology to medicine, chemistry, endocrinology, neurosciences, epidemiology, psychiatry, epigenetics, and psychology, reflecting the complexity of the construct both theoretically and biologically.
35

Raz, Mical. "Anaclitic Therapy in North American Psychoanalytic and Psychiatric Practice in the 1950S–1960s." Psychoanalysis and History 12, no. 1 (January 2010): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1460823509000543.

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Anaclitic therapy, a little-known chapter in the history of North American psychoanalysis and psychiatry, sheds light on the prevailing trends and therapeutic approaches common in the 1950s and 1960s. It touches upon major junctions in the history of psychoanalysis and psychiatry, such as the therapeutic use of regression, the usage of biological measures in conjunction with psychoanalysis, the relationship between therapist and patient and eclecticism in North American psychiatry. By following the brief history of this form of therapy, this article affords a glimpse of the history of some of the significant issues practitioners in psychoanalysis and psychiatry faced at the time.
36

Laura Hirshbein. "History of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology: With an Epilogue on Psychiatry and the Mind-Body Relation (review)." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 83, no. 2 (2009): 391–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.0.0234.

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37

Gay, James E., and Robert Williams. "Contributions to the History of Psychology: XLI. Daniel A. Prescott 1898–1970." Psychological Reports 59, no. 3 (December 1986): 1321–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.59.3.1321.

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The professional activities and publications of Daniel A. Prescott, first Director of the Institute for Child Study at the University of Maryland are reviewed. Prescott's contributions were in the areas of child study, education, and human development. He was especially interested in synthesizing research findings on child and adolescent development from a variety of areas, e.g., genetics, physiology, endocrinology, anatomy, pediatrics, sociology, psychology, psychiatry, education, etc., and communicating them in nontechnical language to educators, parents, and others.
38

Vincenti, Denise. "Experience and Experimentation: Medicine, Psychiatry and Experimental Psychology in Paul Janet." Perspectives on Science 27, no. 5 (October 2019): 704–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00322.

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This essay focuses on the meaning that the term “experimental” acquires within spiritualism during the second half of the nineteenth century. It builds upon Paul Janet’s notions of “experience” and “experimentation” in psychology, by stressing the role of physiology and pathology in his reflection. Regardless of the role the concept of “experimentalism” took on in Victor Cousin’s psychology, which arguably indicated more an “internal affection” than actual experimentation, in Janet’s spiritualism the term regains its original meaning of empirical verification. Janet highlights the importance of madness to the development of a new psychological paradigm that could reconcile philosophy and medicine, reason and experience, by taking up pathology as a form of natural and indirect experimentation.
39

Leidinger, Friedrich, and Andrzej Cechnicki. "History and the present – thirty years of German-Polish psychiatry meetings." Postępy Psychiatrii i Neurologii 26, no. 3 (2017): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/ppn.2017.70543.

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40

Ebnehoseini, Zahra, Marziyhe Meraji, Farzad Akbarzadeh, and Malihe Irajzade. "DESIGNING THE MINIMUM DATA SET OF PSYCHIATRIC EMERGENCY RECORD." Medical Technologies Journal 1, no. 4 (November 29, 2017): 117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26415/2572-004x-vol1iss4p117-118.

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Introduction: Psychiatric emergencies are acute mental health disturbances, behavior and social relationship that require immediate intervention. The major role of psychiatric emergency services is to provide mental health care services for patients with acute mental health problems. Design emergency psychiatry core dataset has improved the coordination and integration of services and improved the outcomes for the patient with severe and persistent mental illness with complex needs. So the aim of this study was to design data elements (DEs) in emergency psychiatry for Iran. Methods: This is an applied study. Emergency psychiatry (DEs) collected via literature review and then psychologist and psychiatrist (16 experts) assign the score from 0 to 5 to them according to the value of each data element. (DEs) selected as core Emergency psychiatry (DEs) that were achieved 4 or 5 scores from 75% specialist. Results: According to the literature review, 110 (DEs) included studying. 13 experts (8 psychologists, 8 Clinical Psychologist) evaluated psychiatric emergency (DEs) set. The average work experience of psychiatrists and psychologists was 16 years and their work experience ranged from 2 to 25 years (table 1). according to the experts opinion, 54 (DEs) with at least 75% of the agreement were identified as the psychiatric emergency (DEs). Emergency psychiatric (DEs) and average agreement of each of them were: demographic characteristics (6 DEs with an agreement average of 82.5%), history of mental illness (9 DEs with an agreement average of 79%), family history of psychology (3 DEs with an average agreement of 77.08%), medical history (1 DEs with an average agreement of 81.25 %) Assessment of mental status ( 20 DEs with an average agreement of 82%), assessment of the self harm risk or harm risk for others ( 13 DEs with an average agreement of 93.6%) and diagnosis and treatment (3 DEs with an average agreement of 81.25%). Conclusion: Given the importance of psychiatric disorder and lack of the national system for gathering psychiatric information, perform the same study abut psychiatric data element is very important. The results of this study can be used for design psychiatric emergency forms and gather accurate and complete patient information.
41

Westbrook, Donald A. "“The Enemy of My Enemy Is My Friend”." Nova Religio 20, no. 4 (May 1, 2017): 37–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2017.20.4.37.

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This article analyzes the history and purpose of the Citizens Commission on Human Rights (CCHR), a group co-founded in 1969 by the Church of Scientology to educate the public on the alleged abuses of psychologists and psychiatrists and advocate for legal reform. Its other founder was Thomas Szasz, a non-Scientologist professionally trained as a psychiatrist who came to disagree with much of his field’s practices and methodologies. Until his death in 2012, Szasz remained supportive of CCHR and its crusade against “coercive psychiatry,” though the atheism, materialism, and libertarianism of his anti-psychiatric worldview remained at odds with Scientology’s anti-psychiatric theology. I examine L. Ron Hubbard’s evolving views on psychiatry and psychology in order to contextualize and outline this theology as it relates to the mission of CCHR as a non-profit organization heavily staffed and supported by Scientologists yet separate from the Church of Scientology International.
42

McCandless, Peter. "The matter of madness: Perspectives on the history of psychiatry." Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 28, no. 3 (July 1992): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6696(199207)28:3<234::aid-jhbs2300280303>3.0.co;2-6.

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43

No authorship indicated. "Review of Lectures on the History of Psychiatry: The Squibb Series." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 36, no. 6 (June 1991): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/029889.

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44

Di Mattia, Michael A., and Jan Grant. "Counselling Psychology in Australia: History, status and challenges." Counselling Psychology Quarterly 29, no. 2 (March 16, 2016): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2015.1127208.

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Shepherd, Michael. "Psychiatric journals and the evolution of psychological medicine." Psychological Medicine 22, no. 1 (February 1992): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700032682.

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Abstract:
SYNOPSISThe history of psychiatric journals is outlined from their inception in the late eighteenth century. In the development of psychological medicine they serve as intellectual markers of the complex relations between institutional psychiatry, neurology, the psychosocial sciences and the psychotherapeutic movement. Their current status is briefly discussed.
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Hubbard, Katherine, and Peter Hegarty. "Rorschach tests and Rorschach vigilantes." History of the Human Sciences 30, no. 4 (September 26, 2017): 75–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695117722719.

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Abstract:
One of the clearest signs that Psychology has impacted popular culture is the public’s familiarity with the Rorschach ink-blot test. An excellent example of the Rorschach in popular culture can be found in Watchmen, the comic/graphic novel written by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons (1987). In the mid-20th century Psychology had an especially contentious relationship with comics; some psychologists were very anxious about the impact comics had on young people, whereas others wrote comics to subvert dominant norms about gender and sexuality. Yet historians of Psychology have had almost nothing to say about this popular and critically acclaimed novel. We read Watchmen here for its narratives that most concern the history of Psychology. We focus on such themes as anti-psychiatry, sexual violence, homophobia, lesbian erasure and social psychological research on bystander intervention. We argue it is possible to align Psychology and comics more closely despite their sometimes contentious history. In doing so we demonstrate the active role of the public in the history of the Rorschach, and the public engagement of Psychology via comics, and also reveal what is possible when historians consider comics within their histories.
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Pols, Hans. "Divergences in American psychiatry during the Depression: Somatic psychiatry, community mental hygiene, and social reconstruction." Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 37, no. 4 (2001): 369–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.1066.

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Strong, Stanley R., Josephine A. Welsh, Jean L. Corcoran, and William T. Hoyt. "Social psychology and counseling psychology: The history, products, and promise of an interface." Journal of Counseling Psychology 39, no. 2 (1992): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.39.2.139.

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Takabayashi, Akinobu. "Surviving the Lunacy Act of 1890: English Psychiatrists and Professional Development during the Early Twentieth Century." Medical History 61, no. 2 (March 6, 2017): 246–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2017.4.

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In recent decades, historians of English psychiatry have shifted their major concerns away from asylums and psychiatrists in the nineteenth century. This is also seen in the studies of twentieth-century psychiatry where historians have debated the rise of psychology, eugenics and community care. This shift in interest, however, does not indicate that English psychiatrists became passive and unimportant actors in the last century. In fact, they promoted Lunacy Law reform for a less asylum-dependent mode of psychiatry, with a strong emphasis on professional development. This paper illustrates the historical dynamics around the professional development of English psychiatry by employing Andrew Abbott’s concept of professional development. Abbott redefines professional development as arising from both abstraction of professional knowledge and competition regarding professional jurisdiction. A profession, he suggests, develops through continuous re-formation of its occupational structure, mode of practice and political language in competing with other professional and non-professional forces. In early twentieth-century England, psychiatrists promoted professional development by framing political discourse, conducting a daily trade and promoting new legislation to defend their professional jurisdiction. This professional development story began with the Lunacy Act of 1890, which caused a professional crisis in psychiatry and led to inter-professional competition with non-psychiatric medical service providers. To this end, psychiatrists devised a new political rhetoric, ‘early treatment of mental disorder’, in their professional interests and succeeded in enacting the Mental Treatment Act of 1930, which re-instated psychiatrists as masters of English psychiatry.
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Conacher, G. Neil. "Book Review: History of Psychiatry: Cult Fictions: CG Jung and the Founding of Analytical Psychology." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 44, no. 2 (March 1999): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379904400212.

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