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1
Kiros, Welay, and Tekleberhan Tsegay. "Honey-bee production practices and hive technology preferences in Jimma and Illubabor Zone of Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Agriculture and Environment 9, no. 1 (2017): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausae-2017-0003.
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Abstract The study was conducted in two purposefully selected zones of Oromiya Regional State, namely Jimma and Illubabor. The objective of the study was to analyse the honey-bee production and to assess hive technology preferences in the study area. A total of 156 beekeepers were randomly and proportionately selected from four districts (Mana and Gomma from Jimma and Bacho and Yayo from Illubabor). Data were collected through formal survey and secondary sources. Accordingly, the average age of the beekeepers was 40.2 ± 8.13 years with an average of 13.5 ± 6.58 years of experience. The majority of the respondents (53.2%) in the study area got their colonies by catching swarms. Three hive types (traditional, transitional, and frame hive) were found in the study area. More than 70% of the respondents harvested once a year from traditional hives, while 25% of respondents harvested up to three times per year from frame hives. Moreover, an average of 22 ± 4.6 and 16 ± 4.1 kg of honey were harvested from frame and transitional hives per year, respectively. Compared to these two hives, a much lower (7 ± 1.6 kg) amount of honey was harvested from traditional hives. Various honey-bee floras were identified in the study area. Plants such as Vernonia amygdalina, Croton macrostachyus, and Schefflera sp. produce white honey. Half of the respondents’ preferred transitional hive followed by frame hive (37.2%). Factors which affect the use of frame hives were lack of equipment (36.5%) followed by wax quality and availability problems (34%). That is why few beekeepers tried to modify the frame hive to solve the problems of wax in vertical frame hive. In order to adopt and sustain modern hive technology, the focus should be on honey-bee equipment as well as wax quality and availability.
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Petrovets, V. R., T. L. Khromenkova, L. A. Shershneva, and A. N. Shershnev. "Economic and mathematical model of bee colonies housing in two-block hive with combined technological partitionEconomic and mathematical model of bee colonies housing in two-block hive with combined technological partition." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series 59, no. 1 (2021): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-1-103-110.
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One of the main directions of increasing the economic efficiency of bee products is increase in productivity of bee colonies with economical expenditure of material resources, primarily use of such basic means as new design bee hive. A completely new design of a two-block bee hive is proposed, allowing two families of bees in one house. The two-block bee hive allows to use a simple technological partition to combine two different families with their uterus and get one super-strong family. In two-block hives, the main drawback of one-block hives has been eliminated – significant weight of hive body, which restrains increase in productivity of beekeeper and prevents decrease in product cost price. The volume of a two-block bee hive and the parameters of a combined technological partition, which were obtained as a result of observations and longterm experiments, have been justified. Economic and mathematical model of bee colonies development when housed in two-block hive with combined technological partition is presented. Practical calculation of the economic potential of two-block bee hive has been made. Substantiation of regularity of obtaining high results in housing and peaceful unification of bee colonies in a two-block bee hive with a technological combined partition is given. Keeping bees in the developed two-block hives opens up great prospects in the field of beekeeping.
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Stern, Raphael A., Ada Rozen, Ravit Eshed, et al. "Bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) Improve ‘Hass’ Avocado (Persea americana) Pollination." Plants 10, no. 7 (2021): 1372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071372.
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Pollination is limiting for avocado production. We examined whether adding bumblebees (BBs; ca. 10 hives/ha) to conventional honeybees (HB; 5 hives/ha) would improve ‘Hass’ avocado pollination and yields. A preliminary trial (2017/18) in an avocado orchard with four consecutive rows of ‘Hass’ followed by one row of ‘Ettinger’ serving as a pollenizer (20% ‘Ettinger’) showed a considerable increase in ‘Hass’ yield in rows adjacent to (up to 80 m from) the BB hives vs. distant rows (=controls). In 2018/19, the trials were extended to three additional orchards. A significant yield increase was obtained in the BB hive-adjacent trees compared to BB hive-distant ones. Similar results were obtained in 2019/20, in experiments conducted throughout the country. The SNP analysis, to determine the parents of ‘Hass’ fruit at varying distances from the BB hives, showed no differences in the cross-pollination rate (‘Hass’ × ‘Ettinger’). However, pollination rates and the number of germinating pollen grains per stigma decreased with distance from the hives, and correlated to the negative gradient in yield. Taken together, our data suggest that adding BB hives to ‘Hass’ avocado orchards, at ca. 10 hives/ha resulting in 0.5–1.0 BB visits/tree per min, increases pollination and, accordingly, total yield.
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Domatsky, A. N., and T. F. Domatskaya. "Earwigs - pests of honey bees Apis mellifera." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 6 (2020): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_266.
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Two experiments studied the use of mavrik (fluvalinate) to protect honey bees from earwigs on apiary, located in the South of the Tyumen region. For this purpose, sheets of dense cardboard in size of 300x200x1 mm were prepared, containing 240, 480 and 960 mg of fluvalinate. The first experiment was conducted in June during the appearance of earwigs on the apiary, where 12 hives without bees were selected, which were divided into 4 equal groups (3 experiment and 1 control). To attract the earwigs in each hive, 6 selected frames were placed, which were covered with insulation material. In the first experimental group, 1 sheet with 240 mg of fluvalinate was attached to the bottom of each hive from the outside, as well as on the inner surface of the roof. In the second and third groups, the same was done, using sheets containing 480 and 960 mg of the active substance. In control, sheets without the agent were used. Within two weeks every 2-3 days, the hives were inspected, particular attention was paid to the presence of earwigs and waste of their vital activity in hives. The second experiment was carried out at the end of August, for which 12 bee colonies were identified, in which the earwigs were registered. In each of the six experiment colonies 1 packet (480 mg of fluvalinate) was placed on the inner surface of the hive roof, into the space between the cushion and the canvas, and on the bottom of the hive from the outside. In the control colonies (6) similar sheets were installed without the agent. All colonies were examined twice at an interval of 5 days. It was found that after 12 days in hives containing sheets with 240 mg of fluvalinate, single earwigs were found only on the bottom, in the other experimental groups no earwigs were found. In the control group, the earwigs were detected on honey combs, insulation material. In the second experiment, when inspecting experiment bee colonies 5 days after hives' treatment, no earwigs were found, in control colonies pests and traces of their vital activity were found. Thus, the use of cardboard sheets containing 480 mg of fluvalinate and placed on the bottom on the outside and inner surface of the hive roof prevents the penetration of earwigs into colonies of honey bees when they appear on a apiary. Additional installation of sheets with fluvalinate between insulation and intra-hive canvas (ceiling) helps to remove earwigs out of hives when they are found in colonies of bees.
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Daisley, Brendan A., Andrew P. Pitek, John A. Chmiel, et al. "Novel probiotic approach to counter Paenibacillus larvae infection in honey bees." ISME Journal 14, no. 2 (2019): 476–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-019-0541-6.
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Abstract American foulbrood (AFB) is a highly virulent disease afflicting honey bees (Apis mellifera). The causative organism, Paenibacillus larvae, attacks honey bee brood and renders entire hives dysfunctional during active disease states, but more commonly resides in hives asymptomatically as inactive spores that elude even vigilant beekeepers. The mechanism of this pathogenic transition is not fully understood, and no cure exists for AFB. Here, we evaluated how hive supplementation with probiotic lactobacilli (delivered through a nutrient patty; BioPatty) affected colony resistance towards a naturally occurring AFB outbreak. Results demonstrated a significantly lower pathogen load and proteolytic activity of honey bee larvae from BioPatty-treated hives. Interestingly, a distinctive shift in the microbiota composition of adult nurse bees occurred irrespective of treatment group during the monitoring period, but only vehicle-supplemented nurse bees exhibited higher P. larvae loads. In vitro experiments utilizing laboratory-reared honey bee larvae showed Lactobacillus plantarum Lp39, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1, and Lactobacillus kunkeei BR-1 (contained in the BioPatty) could reduce pathogen load, upregulate expression of key immune genes, and improve survival during P. larvae infection. These findings suggest the usage of a lactobacilli-containing hive supplement, which is practical and affordable for beekeepers, may be effective for reducing enzootic pathogen-related hive losses.
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Patten, Kim, Rod Macfarlane, and Dan Mayer. "174 USING FERAL AND COMMERCIAL BUMBLE BEES FOR POLLINATION OF CRANBERRIES AND PEARS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (1994): 453g—454. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.453g.
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The pollination of cranberries and pears by honey bees is often inadequate. The pollination efficacy of feral (Bombus spp.) and/or commercial bumble bees was evaluated for these crops. Preliminary evaluation of commercial B. vosnesenskii and B. occidentalis hives indicated poor forage activity on pears, but good activity on cranberries. Hive stocking densities of B. occidentalis on cranberries required to match feral Bombus populations was 8-10 hive/ha. Hives required 1-2 weeks in the field prior to full bloom to achieve suitable forage density during bloom. Parasitism of commercial hives by wax moth and bumble bee brood fly was common. Commercial colonies did not appear to be cost effective at this time. Only short-tongued feral Bombus species foraged on cranberries. Acceptance of artificial domiciles by these species was poor. Enhancing feral populations required provision of supplemental food sources and improved nesting habitat. Management of alternative food resources for feral bumble bees will be discussed.
7
Arrington, Matthew, and Lisa Wasko DeVetter. "Increasing Honey Bee Hive Densities Promotes Pollination and Yield Components of Highbush Blueberry in Western Washington." HortScience 53, no. 2 (2018): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12644-17.
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Yield components including fruit set and berry size in northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) can be limited in key production regions like western Washington. Climactic conditions influence the activity levels of blueberry’s primary commercial pollinator, honey bee (Apis mellifera). Cool springs with frequent rainfall, which are common during the spring bloom period in western Washington, can reduce honey bee activity, pollination efficiency, and subsequent fruit set and yields. Increasing honey bee hive density may be a simple technique that growers can employ to increase the number of honey bees foraging during periods of good weather, interspersed with the poor weather, and therefore, increase fruit set and related yield components. The objective of this study was to evaluate if increased honey bee hive densities improve pollination and subsequent yield components in western Washington blueberry. Three field sites with mature ‘Duke’ plants were stocked with 10 hives/ha of honey bees (control), and three other field sites (also ‘Duke’) were stocked with 20 hives/ha (high hive density). Honey bee visitation and yield components, including fruit set and berry weight, were measured. Estimated yield, seed number/berry, and fruit firmness were also monitored. There were no significant differences in fruit set regardless of honey bee hive density. However, honey bee visitation and estimated yield increased with increased honey bee hive density. Berry weight and seed number per berry were also increased with increased honey bee hive density, although firmness was unaffected. Results indicate that increasing honey bee hive densities can help blueberry growers improve berry size and overall yields, suggesting this is a practice growers can implement if their production is constrained by insufficient pollination.
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Matsumoto, Takashi. "Short- and long-term effects of neonicotinoid application in rice fields, on the mortality and colony collapse of honeybees (Apis mellifera)." Journal of Apicultural Science 57, no. 2 (2013): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jas-2013-0014.
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Abstract Declines in honeybee (Apis mellifera ) colonies have elicited great concern worldwide. Recently, many Japanese beekeepers have implied that midsummer use of a new insecticide, neonicotinoid, in rice fields, is causing widespread mortality of neighboring honeybees and frequently resulting in colony collapse. Since few field experiments have directly tested the effects of neonicotinoids, I addressed four research questions in the field. The questions are: 1) Does clothianidin application in rice fields cause the collapse of neighboring honeybee colonies? 2) Is colony collapse related to hive distance from the rice field? 3) Is the number of dead honeybee workers after spraying, related to hive distance from the field? 4) What are the long-term effects of neonicotinoid use on honeybee colony growth, especially brood production? In the late summer of 2010, honeybee hives were placed adjacent to two separate rice fields for 1 week. The hives were placed at the distance of 0, 30, 60, and 90 m. After spraying clothianidin, a daily count of dead worker honeybees was done for a week. Hives were weighed, and capped-brood areas were estimated weekly, for 2 months following insecticide application. Although the average number of dead workers ranged from 40 to over 100 within 24 hours after spraying, only a few dead workers were observed in the subsequent days. Distance from the rice field had no significant effect on the number of dead workers. There were no collapsed colonies during the 2-month, post-spray observation period. Hive weight and capped-brood area did not significantly differ among those hives placed at varying distances from the rice field. These results indicated that clothianidin spraying of the rice field increased the mortality of the honeybees, but did not always cause colony collapse.
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Parish, Jorgiane B., Eileen S. Scott, Raymond Correll, and Katja Hogendoorn. "Survival and probability of transmission of plant pathogenic fungi through the digestive tract of honey bee workers." Apidologie 50, no. 6 (2019): 871–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13592-019-00697-6.
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AbstractHoney bees, Apis mellifera, have been implicated as vectors of plant pathogens. However, the survival of spores of plant pathogenic fungi through the digestive tract of workers has not been investigated. As workers defecate outside the hive, transport of hives could give rise to biosecurity concerns if fungal spores remain viable following passage through the digestive tract. To determine the likelihood that honey bees serve as vectors, this study investigated the viability of spores of Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum acutatum after passing through the digestive tract of summer and autumn worker bees. For both fungi, the mean viability of spores in faeces suspensions was less than one percent of the initial dose fed to the bees. Although survival was low, the large number of workers per hive implies a high probability of transmission of viable spores through honey bee faeces. Hence, in the case of economically important fungal diseases, transported hives could be a source of inoculum and quarantine restrictions should be considered.
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Leão, Kamila Leão, Ana Carolina Martins De Queiroz, Jamille Costa Veiga, Felipe Andrés León Contrera, and Giorgio Cristino Venturieri. "COLONY DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF THE STINGLESS BEE SCAPTOTRIGONA AFF. POSTICA (APIDAE, MELIPONINI) IN DIFFERENT HIVE MODELS." Sociobiology 63, no. 4 (2016): 1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v63i4.1041.
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Meliponiculture, i.e. indigenous beekeeping, is an old activity in the Americas and is widely distributed throughout Brazil. However, since stingless bee keeping is still not entirely standardized, studies are necessary to achieve a better practice. For example, the types of hives used in breeding must be designed to ease the colony management and be suitable for each species, once size, behavior, and nest architecture vary among the meliponines. This study aimed to propose and test a vertical hive for breeding Scaptotrigona aff. postica and evaluated characteristics such as colony development and management, comparing it with a horizontal, traditional, hive. Ten colonies of Scaptotrigona sp. were used, five transferred to each hive type tested. During six months, monthly observations of nest components, hive occupation and hive management were made. The brood disk area, contrasting with the other parameters, were about twice larger in the vertical hive. No significant difference in hive occupation was found among the tested models. Management differences were found among the two hive models, where the vertical hive is highlighted having characteristics that eased colony inspection and division, causing minor damage to the nest structures. Thus, this vertical model hive has some advantages for keeping this Scaptotrigona species.
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López-Fernández, Luis, Susana Lagüela, Pablo Rodríguez-Gonzálvez, José Martín-Jiménez, and Diego González-Aguilera. "Close-Range Photogrammetry and Infrared Imaging for Non-Invasive Honeybee Hive Population Assessment." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, no. 9 (2018): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7090350.
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Close-range photogrammetry and thermographic imaging techniques are used for the acquisition of all the data needed for the non-invasive assessment of a honeybee hive population. Temperature values complemented with precise 3D geometry generated using novel close-range photogrammetric and computer vision algorithms are used for the computation of the inner beehive temperature at each point of its surface. The methodology was validated through its application to three reference beehives with different population levels. The temperatures reached by the exterior surfaces of the hives showed a direct correlation with the population level. In addition, the knowledge of the 3D reality of the hives and the position of each temperature value allowed the positioning of the bee colonies without the need to open the hives. This way, the state of honeybee hives regarding the growth of population can be estimated without disturbing its natural development.
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Negash, Dinku, and Bereket Mengeste. "ASSESSMENT OF HONEY PRODUCTION SYSTEM, CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN SELECTED KEBELES OF HAWASSA CITY ADMINISTRATION, ETHIOPIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 8 (2019): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i8.2019.641.
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The study was intended to assess honey production system, constraints and opportunities in selected kebeles of Hawassa city administration, sidama zone in 2018/19. Production limitation has resulted with a significant complain among the beekeepers and all concerned bodies regarding the possible threat for decreasing honey production in the area. Cross-sectional types of studies were used to collect data. 20 beekeepers were selected from each kebeles using purposive sampling method to conduct formal survey with semi-structured questionnaire making a total of 100 interviewed bee keepers. The main purpose of keeping honey bees were for both income generation and home consumption. The main sources of the foundation colony were catching swarm (80%) and gift from parents (20%). Most (40%) of the beekeepers in the study area have owned only traditional hives and all the three types of hive owned (32%). Beekeepers in the study area prevent the incidence of swarming by return back to the colony (56%), removal of queen cell (16%) and cutting of combs (28%). The average amount of honey harvested per hive per year from traditional hive, transitional and frame hive was 5.6±1.49kg, 11.9±3.15kg and 10.8±2.91kg, respectively. There was (p<0.05) no variations in the five representing kebeles in honey yield/hive/year in traditional, transitional and frame hives. Beekeepers of the study area sold the honey at the nearby market (92%) and major marketing place (8%). According to the respondents, they mostly sold the honey to consumer (64%) and tej house (28%). The most important constraints of beekeeping in the study kebels were lack of Absconding (1st), Lack of training (2nd), Pests and predators (3rd), Lack of extension services (4th), Agro-chemicals (5th), Lack of cooperative (6th), Swarming (7 th) and Lack of beekeeping equipment (8th) Lack of bee colonies (9th), Lack of good market (10th), Drought (11th) and Shortages of bee forages (12th). In order to address the skill gap on honey production system and post-harvest handling of hive products practical training on bee and bee products management should be given.
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Modro, Anna Frida Hatsue, Luis Carlos Marchini, Augusta Carolina De Camargo Carmello Moreti, and Emanuel Maia. "Influence of Pollen on the Development of Africanized Bee Colonies (Hymenoptera: Apidae)." Sociobiology 59, no. 2 (2014): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v59i2.602.
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This study aimed to assess the importance of quality and quantity of pollen on the development of colonies in different seasons. The field experiment was conducted at the Apiary of the Department of Entomology and Acarology of Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, using five beehives of A. mellifera. In order to characterize the quality of pollen, researchers considered measures of total dry mass (g) and the physical-chemical and pollen composition of pollen load and bee bread samples. The development of hives was assessed according to the area covered by pollen, honey, and brood population in the hive (cm²), as well as fluctuating asymmetry of worker bee wings. Spearman’s correlation was calculated among the assessed parameters. The value of ether extract of pollen loads was the only component that was related to the development of hives, its value increased as the area occupied by pollen in the hive decreased (-0.3200*), and as the difference of the number of hamuli of right and left hind wings increased (0.3317*). There was a positive relationship between the wealth (0.3150*) and evenness (0.3019*) of pollen composition and the size of brood population inside the hive. It was concluded that the development of the colony, mainly considering the area occupied by brood, is more successful with increased quantity, wealth, and evenness of collected pollen.
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Ellis, J. D. "Using Nucs in Beekeeping Operations." EDIS 2019, no. 5 (2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-in869-2019.
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This revised 9-page illustrated fact sheet by James D. Ellis discusses the merits of using nucleus colonies, or nucs, which are smaller versions of full-sized Langstroth hives. The publication explains how to create and manage nucs and how to use them to control swarming, strengthen production colonies, re-queen hives, hive swarms, produce queens to sell to other beekeepers, and in general strengthen and expand a beekeeping operation. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in869
 Original Publication: Ellis, James, and Catherine Nalen. 2010. “The Advantages of Using Nucs in Beekeeping Operations”. EDIS 2010 (7). https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/view/118804.
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Sadia, FT, MS Hossain, R. Begum, and MHK Sujan. "Comparative profitability analysis and resource use efficiency of beekeeping using wooden and poly hive in some selected areas of Bangladesh." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 11, no. 1 (2021): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v11i1.54470.
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Apiarist traditionally adopt wooden hive in beekeeping. Modern poly hive provides a superior environment to raise and keep the honeybee population more vigorous due to its high-tech internal facilities and sanitary system. This study was conducted to examine the comparative profitability and resource use efficiency of beekeeping using traditional wooden hive and modern poly hive in Bangladesh during 2017-18. A total of 60 beekeepers, all have traditional wooden hive and 15 have modern poly hive, were randomly selected from Sirajganj, Gazipur and Satkhira districts to conduct farm level survey with pre-tested questionnaire. Findings of the study reveal that per hive gross and net return were Tk. 11019.26 and 4082.45 for wooden hive and Tk. 27373.34 and 19838.42 for poly hive, respectively. Total cost of beekeeping was Tk. 6936.81 and 7534.92 per hive for wooden and poly hive, respectively. Besides, benefit-cost ratios (BCR) were 1.59 and 3.63 for wooden and poly hive, respectively. Cobb-Douglas production function analysis reveals that labour, transportation, insecticide, equipment, hive and rental costs had significant influence on the returns of beekeeping. More than two times higher BCR and significant positive dummy variable “modern poly hive” indicate the greater profitability of beekeeping in modern poly hives. Resource use efficiency analysis indicates that labour, insecticide, equipment, and honey extraction inputs were under-utilized while feed, transportation, marketing, hive, colony and rental inputs were over-utilized. Beekeeping is also affected by some constraints including high costs of modern poly hive accessories, lack of skilled labour and initial capital, inadequate transportation and marketing facilities. Government and other related organizations should take necessary measures to mitigate those problems. Based on the findings, it is recommended to adopt modern poly hive in beekeeping.
 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(1): 84-91, June 2021
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Hossain, Mohammed Sakhawat, Md Mohi Uddin Fazlullah, and Md Mizanur Rahman. "Comparative Performance of Honey Production from Two Different Bee Hives in Bangladesh." Agriculturists 17, no. 1-2 (2019): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v17i1-2.44700.
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The study was conducted in three districts viz., Sirajgonj, Gazipur and Satkhira during the mustard, litchi, and mangrove blooming period, respectively during 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 cropping seasons to study honey production efficiency of traditional hive and poly super hive. The study was carried out in paired plot design. Fourteen boxes were used in each setup, among them seven were traditional hive and seven were poly super hive. In Ullapara of Sirajganj district during 2015-16 poly super hive yielded the highest (17.03 kg hive-1season-1) honey. In 2016-17 (mustard) the highest honey was harvested from poly super hive operated at Tarash (18.63 kg hive-1season-1) and the lowest honey yielded in poly super hive at Shahjadpur. At Kapasia of Gazipur during 2015-2016 (litchi) the poly super hive produced the highest (20.46 kg hive-1season-1) honey yield cropping season and the lowest (20 kg hive-1season-1) was in Kaliganj (Gazipur district). On the other hand, during 2016-2017 it was observed that in poly super hive produced the highest (14.92 kg hive-1season-1) honey operated in Gazipur Sadar and the lowest (13.93 kg hive-1season-1) was in Kaliganj. In Satkhira during 2015-16 cropping season (mangrove) the poly super hive gave the highest (14.92 kg hive-1season-1) honey yield and it was obtained from Tala and the lowest (14.65 kg hive-1season-1) honey was yielded and it obtained in Kaliganj. Again during cropping season 2016-17 poly super hive produced the highest (12.5 kg hive-1season-1) honey and it was from Tala and the lowest (11.45 kg hive-1season-1) in Munshiganj. There was significantly less honey production was recorded in traditional bee hives than the poly super hive. During 2016-17 season honey production was higher than 2015-16 season at Sirajganj. However, opposite result was observed at Gazipur and Satkhira.
 The Agriculturists 2019; 17(1-2) 102-111
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Powell, J. Elijah, Vincent G. Martinson, Katherine Urban-Mead, and Nancy A. Moran. "Routes of Acquisition of the Gut Microbiota of the Honey Bee Apis mellifera." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 23 (2014): 7378–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01861-14.
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ABSTRACTStudies of newly emergedApis melliferaworker bees have demonstrated that their guts are colonized by a consistent core microbiota within several days of eclosure. We conducted experiments aimed at illuminating the transmission routes and spatiotemporal colonization dynamics of this microbiota. Experimental groups of newly emerged workers were maintained in cup cages and exposed to different potential transmission sources. Colonization patterns were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) to assess community sizes and using deep sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons to assess community composition. In addition, we monitored the establishment of the ileum and rectum communities within workers sampled over time from natural hive conditions. The study verified that workers initially lack gut bacteria and gain large characteristic communities in the ileum and rectum within 4 to 6 days within hives. Typical communities, resembling those of workers within hives, were established in the presence of nurse workers or nurse worker fecal material, and atypical communities of noncore or highly skewed compositions were established when workers were exposed only to oral trophallaxis or hive components (comb, honey, bee bread). The core species of Gram-negative bacteria,Snodgrassella alvi,Gilliamella apicola, andFrischella perrara, were dependent on the presence of nurses or hindgut material, whereas some Gram-positive species were more often transferred through exposure to hive components. These results indicate aspects of the colony life cycle and behavior that are key to the propagation of the characteristic honey bee gut microbiota.
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Biová, Jana, Jean-Daniel Charrière, Silvie Dostálková, et al. "Melissococcus plutonius Can Be Effectively and Economically Detected Using Hive Debris and Conventional PCR." Insects 12, no. 2 (2021): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12020150.
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European foulbrood (EFB) is an infectious disease of honey bees caused by the bacterium Melissococcus plutonius. A method for DNA isolation and conventional PCR diagnosis was developed using hive debris, which was non-invasively collected on paper sheets placed on the bottom boards of hives. Field trials utilized 23 honey bee colonies with clinically positive symptoms and 21 colonies without symptoms. Bayes statistics were applied to calculate the comparable parameters for EFB diagnostics when using honey, hive debris, or samples of adult bees. The reliability of the conventional PCR was 100% at 6.7 × 103 Colony Forming Unit of M. plutonius in 1 g of debris. The sensitivity of the method for the sampled honey, hive debris, and adult bees was 0.867, 0.714, and 1.000, respectively. The specificity for the tested matrices was 0.842, 0.800, and 0.833. The predictive values for the positive tests from selected populations with 52% prevalence were 0.813, 0.833, and 0.842, and the real accuracies were 0.853, 0.750, and 0.912, for the honey, hive debris, and adult bees, respectively. It was concluded that hive debris can effectively be utilized to non-invasively monitor EFB in honey bee colonies.
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Bizotto, Lucas de Almeida, Regis Sivori Silva dos Santos, and Mari Ines Carissimi Boff. "Food resources and population pattern in Apis mellifera hives used for apple pollination." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 53, no. 4 (2018): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2018000400001.
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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the variations in the stored food resources and in the number of immature bees in Apis mellifera hives used for apple (Malus domestica) pollination. The study was conducted in the municipality of Vacaria, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with 40 hives, over two consecutive harvests. The evaluations were done in the hive brood frames before, during, and 45 days after a pollination period, by interpreting photographic field records. Before being transported to the orchards, the bees foraged primarily in areas with native forest or canola (Brassica napus) crop, in 2014/2015, and with native forest or eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp.) reforestation, in 2015/2016. In both harvests, the percentage of food resources (honey and pollen) stored in the hives reduced significantly between the pre- and post-pollination periods, but there was no significant difference between the pollination and post-pollination periods. The greatest reduction in the storage of these resources was observed in the hives from the canola crop, which had a large supply of floral resources compared with the apple orchards. The hives most susceptible to population variations within the apple orchards are those from the canola crop, whereas those from areas with a lower food supply (forest and eucalyptus) show population gains in the apple orchards.
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Mushonga, Borden, Landouard Hategekimana, Gervais Habarugira, Erick Kandiwa, Alaster Samkange, and Basiamisi Victor Ernest Segwagwe. "Characterization of the Beekeeping Value Chain: Challenges, Perceptions, Limitations, and Opportunities for Beekeepers in Kayonza District, Rwanda." Advances in Agriculture 2019 (May 22, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5982931.
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A survey was undertaken to characterize the honey production value chain and identify the challenges, limitations, and opportunities for beekeepers in Kayonza District, Eastern Rwanda, in light of the stagnation of the apiculture industry. The majority (86%, n = 100) of the beekeepers were adult males. Most of the respondents (71%) lacked primary level education. The majority of the hives were made from hollow tree logs (40%), tree barks (12%), banana leaves/bark (11%), cow dung (8%), mud (7%), grass (6%), tree leaves (6%), and the rest (20%) were improved beehives, particularly Langstroth hives. The hive pests encountered were hive beetles (25%), small black ants (19%), wax moths (12%), lizards (8%), termites (7%), birds (6%), mites (3%), and mice (2%). Fifty-five percent of the respondents hung their hives on trees to prevent pest invasion with 95% effectiveness, 25% frequently smoked their hives with 85% effectiveness, 16% cleared the bushes around apiaries with 55% effectiveness, and 4% used traditional plant insect repellents with 35% effectiveness. Forty-one percent of the respondents lacked adequate information on beekeeping, 25% had inadequate time to work on apiaries, 24% had inadequate technical knowledge and implements, and 10% needed additional labour for managing apiaries. Based on the results of this study, beekeeping in Kayonza is still largely traditional, characterized by the use of antiquated production methods and underutilization of available marketing channels. Perceptions in the district are that beekeeping is for the poor and illiterate. Challenges and limitations of beekeeping in Kayonza District include lack of education, gender bias, pests and diseases, absconding and swarming of bees, high costs, and lack of modern apicultural equipment. However, the potential for developing beekeeping enterprise (opportunities) is immense given the abundance of wild bee populations, possibility of women participation, abundance of honey collection centres (market), and availability of technical support from Government and development agencies. In conclusion, this study advocates the need for intervention measures to educate and promote production and marketing of quality honey, tackle pest and disease for beekeepers and boost Rwanda’s apiculture industry.
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Rafael Braga, Antonio, Juliana De Castro Rabelo, Arthur De Castro Callado, Atslands Rego da Rocha, Breno M. Freitas, and Danielo G. Gomes. "BeeNotified! A Notification System of Physical Quantities for Beehives Remote Monitoring." Revista de Informática Teórica e Aplicada 27, no. 3 (2020): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2175-2745.90724.
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One of the ways to reduce inappropriate management of hives and monitor bee health is to send notifications/alerts about the data collected through sensors. This study presents BeeNotified!, a solution for sending notifications through Telegram, e-mail, and SMS. The notifications warn about the level of temperature, humidity, sound, carbon dioxide, oxygen, hive weight and delay in data gathering. From this data, researchers and beekeepers can be informed and make changes in the locations of the hives, avoiding catastrophes and possible diseases. The results obtained with the processing time in the sending of messages showed that the messages sent via SMS and Telegram have a shorter processing time compared to the sending via e-mail. In regards to sending notifications according to user preferences, all notifications were sent correctly.
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Oldroyd, BP, and C. Reinganum. "The effectiveness of prophylactic sterilisation of beehive materials by gamma radiation." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 6 (1988): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880809.
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Honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies hived in beehive materials that had been sterilised by gamma irradiation had an average weight gain of 29.3 kg while those housed in untreated hives had an average gain of 27.1 kg.Bees sampled from both the treated and untreated colonies were examined for the presence of Nosema apis and virus, causitive organisms of stress related diseases, at the end of the season. No significant differences were found. The slight increase in weight (2.2 kg) of the sterilised colonies was not sufficient to justify the cost of prophylactic sterilisation of beehive equipment.
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Hoshide, Aaron, Francis Drummond, Thomas Stevens, et al. "What Is the Value of Wild Bee Pollination for Wild Blueberries and Cranberries, and Who Values It?" Environments 5, no. 9 (2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments5090098.
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Pollinator conservation efforts and growing interest in wild bee pollination have increased markedly in the last decade, making it increasingly important to have clear and practical estimates of the value of pollinators to agriculture. We used agricultural statistics, socio-economic producer surveys, and agronomic field research data to estimate traditional pollination value metrics and create novel approaches to the valuation of the ecosystem services provided by wild pollinators. Using two regionally important United States (USA) crops—Maine wild blueberry and Massachusetts cranberry—as models, we present the perceived values of wild bee pollinators from the perspectives of both consumers and producers. The net income attributable to wild bees was similar for wild blueberry ($613/ha) and cranberry ($689/ha). Marginal profit from incrementally adding more hives per ha was greater from stocking a third/fourth hive for cranberry ($6206/ha) than stocking a ninth/10th hive for wild blueberry ($556/ha), given the greater initial responsiveness of yield, revenue, and profit using rented honey bee hives in cranberry compared with wild blueberry. Both crops’ producers were willing to annually invest only $140–188/ha in wild pollination enhancements on their farms, justifying government financial support. Consumers are willing to pay ≈6.7 times more to support wild bees than producers, which indicates a potential source for market-based subsidies for invertebrate conservation.
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Gaffney, Ann, Björn Bohman, Stephen Quarrell, Philip Brown, and Geoff Allen. "Limited Cross Plant Movement and Non-Crop Preferences Reduce the Efficiency of Honey Bees as Pollinators of Hybrid Carrot Seed Crops." Insects 10, no. 2 (2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10020034.
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Pollination rates in hybrid carrot crops remain limited after introduction of honey bee hives. In this study, honey bee foraging behaviour was observed in commercial hybrid carrot seed crops. Significantly more visits were made to male-fertile (MF) rather than cytoplasmically male-sterile (CMS) flowers. Pollen was collected from bees returning to a hive, to determine daily variation in pollen loads collected and to what level the bees were foraging for carrot pollen. Honey bees visited a wide range of alternative pollen sources and made relatively few visits to carrot plants throughout the period of flowering. Visitation rates to other individual floral sources fluctuated but visitation to carrot was consistently low. The underlying rate of carrot pollen visits among collecting trips was modelled and estimated to be as low as 1.4%, a likely cause of the limited success implementing honey bee hives in carrot crops.
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Harris, Antoneicka L., Patrick R. Blackburn, John E. Richter, et al. "Whole Exome Sequencing and Molecular Modeling of a Missense Variant in TNFAIP3 That Segregates with Disease in a Family with Chronic Urticaria and Angioedema." Case Reports in Genetics 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6968395.
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Chronic urticaria is a common condition characterized by recurrent hives lasting several weeks or months and is usually idiopathic. Approximately half of the individuals with chronic urticaria will present with episodes of angioedema that can be severe and debilitating. In this report, we describe a 47-year-old Hispanic male who presented initially for an evaluation of chronic hives following hospitalization due to hive-induced anaphylaxis. The individual had a history significant for urticaria and angioedema beginning in his early 30s. Interestingly, both the individual’s 41-year-old sister and 12-year-old daughter were also affected with chronic urticaria and severe angioedema. Whole exome sequencing of the proband and several family members revealed a heterozygous variant of uncertain significance in exon 2 of TNFAIP3, denoted as c.65G>A (p.R22Q), in all affected members. Variants in TNFAIP3 have been associated with multiple autoimmune diseases, susceptibility to allergy and asthma, and periodic fever syndromes, suggesting that this variant could potentially play a role in disease.
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Ribeiro, Márcia F., Eva M. S. Silva, Lúcia H. P. Kiill, Katia M. M. Siqueira, Mara P. Silva, and Márcia S. Coelho. "Foraging of Honeybees (Apis mellifera) on Flowers of Yellow Melon (Cucumis melo): Duration of Visits." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 9 (2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n9p7.
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Studying the pollinators’ foraging behaviour is quite important for pollination. Time spent by the pollinator in floral handling is one of the aspects of this behaviour. Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are the main responsible for the pollination of melon (Cucumis melo), but there are few studies on their foraging, mainly in the region of Petrolina, state of Pernambuco, and Juazeiro, state of Bahia, in Brazil. This study aimed to compare bee visitation to hermaphrodite (HF) and male (MF) flowers in a crop area where different number of hives were used. For each floral type, 10 flowers were observed, in each experiment (0, 1, 2 or 3 hives). The duration of bee visits (n = 10) was registered in three times of the day: 8 a.m., 11 a.m., and 4 p.m. In general, HF received significantly longer visits than MF, in all experiments, except when using one hive. In fact, significant correlations were found between the duration of visits and number of hives for HF, but not for MF. This is probably related to the attractiveness of HF and to the availability of floral resources. The studies of duration of pollinator’ visits are relevant in agriculture and should be considered when evaluating the efficiency of pollination in melon.
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Benda, Nicole D., Drion Boucias, Baldwyn Torto, and Peter Teal. "Detection and characterization ofKodamaea ohmeriassociated with small hive beetleAethina tumidainfesting honey bee hives." Journal of Apicultural Research 47, no. 3 (2008): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2008.11101459.
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Pokhrel, Suroj. "Comparitive Benefits of Beekeeping Enterprise in Chitwan, Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 10 (August 12, 2009): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v10i0.2129.
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Based on the survey cunducted in 2004, beekeepers in Chitwan had small and fragmented land holdings with lower rate of return from subsistence crop farming. They are keeping Apis mellifera L.in Langstroth hive in Terai and A. cerana Fab. in improved, traditional-log and wall hives in hills, for honey production purpose. The honey productivity in Terai was 3.54 folds higher (28.7 vs 8.1 kg/yr/hive) than in hills with highest average annual income in Bharatpur area followed by East and West Chitwan. Moreover, the income of the beekeepers in Chitwan from honey production was 3.62 folds higher than crop farming (NRs 83,996.88 vs NRs 23,214.22 /house hold/year). It clearly showed that beekeeping with A. mellifera in the Terai is potential enterprise for higher income compared to crop production. Key words: Annual income; Apiculture; Crop production; Honey productivity; Land holding The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:10, Jun.2009 Page: 46-59
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Langenberger, Michael W., and Arthur R. Davis. "Honey bee pollen foraging in relation to flowering phenology of biennial caraway (Carum carvi L.)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 82, no. 1 (2002): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-019.
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Biennial caraway (Carum carvi L.) is a specialty spice crop in Saskatchewan, yet little was known about fundamental agronomic traits, such as its flowering phenology, plant density, attraction to potential pollinators, and prospective honey yield. At five commercial fields in 1998 and 1999, biennial caraway flowered for 7 wk, beginning in late May or early June and finishing by early to mid-July. Under optimal conditions, and assuming intense foraging activity by honey bees (Apis mellifera L.), caraway might yield 70–134 kg honey ha–1. However, weights of colonies near fields of caraway (0.47–4.2 hives ha–1) changed little while honey bees were predominant foragers on that crop. Then, in the second half of the caraway flowering period, when honey bees had almost deserted those fields as indicated by observation and pollen-trap analyses, hive weights rose steadily due to a switch to nearby crops of canola (Brassica spp.) and sweet clover (Melilotus spp.), which had begun to flower. Whereas biennial caraway is rated as negligible to only moderate for its honey potential in Saskatchewan, 83% of honey bees visiting caraway florets gathered pollen. Moreover, caraway pollen entering hives averaged 11% of total pollen (dry weight) over the entire flowering period of the crop, but 36.5% during the first half of flowering phenology, suggesting that biennial caraway may constitute a valuable source of protein for honey bees, particularly during colony build-up in spring. Key words: Caraway (Carum carvi), flowering phenology, hive weights, honey bee foraging, honey potential, pollen-trap collection
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Solomon, Semere, Tadesse Degu, Haben Fesseha, and Mesfin Mathewos. "Study on Major Parasitic Diseases of Adult Honeybees in Three Districts of Kaffa Zone, Southern Ethiopia." Veterinary Medicine International 2021 (August 11, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6346703.
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Background and Methods. Since regular and timely control of all factors that endanger honeybee life and threaten their products is needed for effective apiculture, cross-sectional research was performed in the three districts (Bonga, Chena, and Gimbo) of the Kaffa Zone to assess the prevalence of major honeybee diseases. A total of 384 honeybee samples from 15 operating apiaries were chosen from each kebele based on their ability to provide a bee sample and the apiary farm’s accessibility. From each district, 128 bee colonies were selected from different apiaries; of these, there were 209 transitional, 74 traditional, and 101 modern hives. Results. Out of 384 samples, the overall prevalence of small hive beetle, Nosema apis, and amoeba (Malpighamoeba mellificae) diseases was 39%, 45.3%, and 40.3%, respectively. The overall prevalence of these three diseases was ascertained, with a statistically significant ( p < 0.05 ) variation in the overall prevalence of N. apis disease and amoeba (M. mellificae) disease between hive type and agroecologies. Conclusion. The research indicates that N. apis, M. mellificae, and small hive beetle are the major parasites that affect honeybees in the study area. In order to classify and describe honeybee diseases and pests associated with Ethiopia’s local honeybees, several field diagnostic surveys and laboratory research works need to be performed.
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Grigoryan, Leonty Rustemovich, Maxim Sergeevich Kovalenko, Anastasia Leontyevna Grigoryan, and Dmitry Yuryevich Paroshin. "Intellectual beehives monitoring system." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 10 (October 23, 2019): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2019i10pp59-65.
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A system for remote monitoring of the parameters of bee hives is considered. The problem of remote monitoring at long distances, taking into account the changing weather factors, is very relevant. Among the variety of hardware for keeping bees, there is currently no unified monitoring system. The studies carried out allowed us to determine the optimal circuitry and software components of the construction of a monitoring system. The result of the development of a system with a local hive monitoring system and a remote data collection system using cloud technologies is presented in this work.
 
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Catania, Pietro, and Mariangela Vallone. "Application of A Precision Apiculture System to Monitor Honey Daily Production." Sensors 20, no. 7 (2020): 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20072012.
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Precision beekeeping or precision apiculture is an apiary management strategy based on the monitoring of individual bee colonies to minimize resource consumption and maximize the productivity of bees. Bees play a fundamental role in ensuring pollination; they can also be considered as indicators of the state of pollution and are used as bio monitors. Beekeeping needs continuous monitoring of the animals and can benefit from advanced intelligent ambiance technologies. The aim of this study was the design of a precision apiculture system (PAS) platform for monitoring and controlling the following environmental parameters: wind, temperature, and relative humidity inside and outside the hive, in order to assess their influence on honey production. PAS is based on an Arduino board with an Atmel microcontroller, and the connection of a load cell for recording the weight of the hive, relative humidity and temperature sensor inside the hive, and relative humidity and temperature sensor outside the hive using an anemometer. PAS was installed in common hives and placed in an open field in a French honeysuckle plot; the system was developed to operate in continuous mode, monitoring the period of 24 April–1 June 2019. Temperature was constant in the monitored period, around 35 °C, inside the hive, proving that no criticalities occurred regarding swarming or absconding. In the period between 24 and 28 May, a lack of honey production was recorded, attributed to a lowering of the external temperature. PAS was useful to point out the eventual reduction in honey production due to wind; several peaks of windiness exceeding 5 m s−1 were recorded, noting that honey production decreases with the peaks in wind. Therefore, the data recorded by PAS platform provided a valid decisional support to the operator. It can be implemented by inserting additional sensors for detecting other parameters, such as rain or sound.
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Terenzi, Alessandro, Stefania Cecchi, and Susanna Spinsante. "On the Importance of the Sound Emitted by Honey Bee Hives." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 4 (2020): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7040168.
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Recent years have seen a worsening in the decline of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) colonies. This phenomenon has sparked a great amount of attention regarding the need for intense bee hive monitoring, in order to identify possible causes, and design corresponding countermeasures. Honey bees have a key role in pollination services of both cultivated and spontaneous flora, and the increase in bee mortality could lead to an ecological and economical damage. Despite many smart monitoring systems for honey bees and bee hives, relying on different sensors and measured quantities, have been proposed over the years, the most promising ones are based on sound analysis. Sounds are used by the bees to communicate within the hive, and their analysis can reveal useful information to understand the colony health status and to detect sudden variations, just by using a simple microphone and an acquisition system. The work here presented aims to provide a review of the most interesting approaches proposed over the years for honey bees sound analysis and the type of knowledge about bees that can be extracted from sounds.
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Galiautdinov, Rinat. "The Math Model of Drone Behavior in the Hive, Providing Algorithmic Architecture." International Journal of Software Science and Computational Intelligence 12, no. 2 (2020): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssci.2020040102.
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Nowadays, drones play a significant role not only in civil ventures, but also in the military sphere. Planning the trajectories of the hives of the drones is not a trivial task and requires deep research. In this research, the author considers different strategies of biological creatures and then extrapolated on the drones. The author's research demonstrates the math model of the drones behavior in the hive, provides algorithmic architecture. The author describes in the detail the layers of the system for management of the drones and their responsibilities and architecture. The author also provides a software algorithm which demonstrates effective grouping of the drones (creating a swarm) which is later on used in the movement of the swarm.
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Wollenweber, Eckhard, and Stephen L. Buchmann. "Feral Honey Bees in the Sonoran Desert: Propolis Sources other than Poplars (Populus spp.)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 52, no. 7-8 (1997): 530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1997-7-817.
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Abstract In Central Europe and other temperate regions the lipophilic bee hive product propolis normally originates from the bud exudate of poplar trees that is collected by the bees. Based on bee observations, various other sources have been discussed in particular for tropical regions, but in only few cases the origin has been proved by analytical methods. We have analyzed propolis samples from managed honey-bees as well as from feral bee colonies in the Sonoran Desert. Propolis collected in hives out of flight reach of poplars contained flavonoid aglycones and other phenolics that point to specific plants as the source of propolis in this area, namely Ambrosia deltoidea and Encelia farinosa.
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Mitchell, Derek. "Thermal efficiency extends distance and variety for honeybee foragers: analysis of the energetics of nectar collection and desiccation by Apis mellifera." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, no. 150 (2019): 20180879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0879.
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The desiccation of nectar to produce honey by honeybees ( Apis mellifera L.) is an energy-intensive process, as it involves a quasi-isothermal change in the concentration of sugars from typically 20 to 80% by vaporization (honey ripening). This analysis creates mathematical models for: the collected nectar to honey ratio; energy recovery ratio; honey energy margin; and the break-even distance, which includes the factors of nectar concentration and the distance to the nectar from the nest; energetics of desiccation and a new factor, thermal energy efficiency (TEE) of nectar desiccation. These models show a significant proportion of delivered energy in the nectar must be used in desiccation, and that there is a strong connection between TEE and nest lumped thermal conductance with colony behaviour. They show the connection between TEE and honeybee colony success, or failure, in the rate of return, in terms of distance or quality of foraging. Consequently, TEE is a key parameter in honeybee populations and foraging modelling. For bee keeping, it quantifies the summer benefits of a key hive design parameter, hive thermal conductance and gives a sound theoretical basis for improving honey yields, as seen in expanded polystyrene hives.
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Evsyukova, V. K., M. S. Savvinova, V. V. Sysolyatina, F. V. Nikolaeva, and A. Ya Fedorov. "Innovative method for optimizing the microclimate of the winter hive for bees in the conditions of the cryolithozone." E3S Web of Conferences 282 (2021): 07022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128207022.
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The article discusses the practical significance of the use of infrared scanning method for optimizing the microclimate of winter hives and monitoring bee colonies in extreme conditions of cryolithozone. When monitoring the microclimate by generally accepted zoohygienic methods, the devices record specific indicators of a particular parameter (temperature, humidity, air velocity, pressure, noise, light), while the reason for the deviation from the standard indicators for microclimate optimization is not always possible to find out. When using the infrared scanning method with the Irtis 2000SN thermal imager, it was possible to determine the reasons for the deviation of the parameters of the winter hive microclimate. The targeted elimination of defects in the enclosing structures detected by infrared scanning made it possible to quickly optimize the parameters of the winter hive microclimate. Contactless monitoring of the state of bee colonies during the winter dormancy. This early informative diagnosis without stress allows to identify a problem bee colony and take timely rescue measures. The analysis of the wintering results showed that the proportion of successful wintering in 2019 was 90%, which is 20% more than in 2018 and 30% more than in 2017.
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Kisil, D., and T. Fotina. "Definition of efficiency therapeutic and preventive measures against infectious diseases of bees when installing in a nest of bees frames contaminated with american foul brood pathogen (Bacillus larvae)." Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Veterinary Medicine, no. 1 (48) (January 18, 2021): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.vet.2020.1.5.
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European Union law requires the destruction of all infected hives and equipment. In the United States, many state apiary inspectors require that a diseased AFB hive be completely burned. Spores can persist for up to 40 years and are difficult to destroy. A less radical method of curbing the spread of the disease is to burn only the frames and ridges (honeycomb tongues), as well as careful flame heating of the inner part of the hive body, bottom, hive flaps and lids. Immersion of parts of the hive in hot paraffin or 3% sodium hypochlorite solution (bleach) also makes AFB spores harmless. It is also possible to sterilize an infected hive without damaging either the structure of the hive or the supplies of honey and pollen it contains, by prolonged exposure to an atmosphere of ethylene oxide, both in a closed chamber and in hospitals when sterilizing equipment. which do not withstand steam sterilization. Pathogens are sensitive to many antibiotics of the tetracycline group, streptomycin, erythromycin, and other sulfonamide drugs (except M. plutonius), nitrofurans, and others. Antibiotics in the case of unstable strains of the pathogen can prevent the vegetative state of bacteria. Drug treatment to prevent successful germination and reproduction of American rot spores is possible using oxytetracycline hydrochloride (terramycin). Nowadays, antibiotic therapy is quite effective in use, but at the same time they are banned in the beekeeping industry, so antibiotic residues can be found in bee products, which in turn can be harmful to human health. Therefore, we have developed the drug "Apichels", which in previous studies has proven itself in the use against varroasis of bees in the spring. This drug has proven to be not only effective in use, but also quite carefree for both bees and humans, this is the basis of our previous research on the toxicity of bee products during the use of the drug, due to the components of its composition. All components are of plant origin, which is not included in the components that are prohibited and harmful to bees and humans. Thus, we decided to test this tool for effectiveness in preventive methods against American bee rot.
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Riddell Pearce, Fiona C., Margaret J. Couvillon, and Francis L. W. Ratnieks. "Hive Relocation Does Not Adversely Affect Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Foraging." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/693856.
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Honey bees,Apis mellifera, face major challenges including diseases and reduced food availability due to agricultural intensification. Additionally, migratory beekeeping may subject colonies to a moving stress, both during the move itself and after the move, from the bees having to forage in a novel environment where they have no knowledge of flower locations. This study investigated the latter. We moved three colonies housed in observation hives onto the campus from a site 26 km away and compared their foraging performance to three similarly sized colonies at the same location that had not been moved. We obtained data on (1) foraging performance by calculating distance by decoding waggle dances, (2) hive foraging rate by counting forager departure rate, (3) forage quality by assessing sugar content of nectar from returning foragers, and (4) forager success by calculating the proportion of bees returning to the nest entrance with nectar in their crop. We repeated this 3 times (August 2010, October 2010, and June 2011) to encompass any seasonal effects. The data show no consistent difference in foraging performance of moved versus resident hives. Overall the results suggest that moving to a new location does not adversely affect the foraging success of honey bees.
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Kady, Charbel, Anna Maria Chedid, Ingred Kortbawi, et al. "IoT-Driven Workflows for Risk Management and Control of Beehives." Diversity 13, no. 7 (2021): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13070296.
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The internet of things (IoT) and Industry 4.0 technologies are becoming widely used in the field of apiculture to enhance honey production and reduce colony losses using connected scales combined with additional data, such as relative humidity and internal temperature. This paper exploits beehive weight measurements and builds appropriate business rules using two instruments. The first is an IoT fixed scale installed on one hive, taking rich continuous measurements, and used as a reference. The second is a portable nomad scale communicating with a smartphone and used for the remaining hives. A key contribution will be the run and triggering of a business process model based on apicultural business rules learned from experience and system observed events. Later, the evolution of the weight of each individual hive, obtained by either measurement or inference, will be associated with a graphical workflow diagram expressed with the business process model and notation (BPMN) language, and will trigger events that inform beekeepers to initiate relevant action. Finally, the BPMN processes will be transformed into executable models for model driven decision support. This contribution improves amateur and professional user-experience for honeybee keeping and opens the door for interoperability between the suggested model and other available simulations (weather, humidity, bee colony behavior, etc.).
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Levot, Garry W., and Doug Somerville. "Efficacy and safety of the insecticidal small hive beetle refuge trap APITHOR™ in bee hives." Australian Journal of Entomology 51, no. 3 (2011): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2011.00852.x.
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Bonoan, Rachael E., and Philip T. Starks. "Observation Hive Marking Apparatus (OHMA): An Inexpensive Method For Mass-Marking Honey Bees In Observation Hives." Bee World 93, no. 1 (2016): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0005772x.2016.1205327.
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Manning, Rob, and Ian R. Wallis. "Seed yields in canola (Brassica napus cv. Karoo) depend on the distance of plants from honeybee apiaries." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 10 (2005): 1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02170.
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This research examined the benefits of placing hives of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) in canola (Brassica napus L.) at a density of approximately 1 hive/ha. We tested 3 main hypotheses. First, deploying honeybees increases the yield of seed. Second, that the benefits of honeybee pollination decline the further plants are from an apiary. Third, poorly pollinated plants should channel more resources into larger seeds, whereas plants benefiting from insect pollination should produce more but smaller seeds. The experiment confirmed all 3 hypotheses. Yields of seed increased by more than 20% or by 400 kg/ha, whereas the yield declined in plots located more than 200 m from the apiary. There are several explanations for the increased yield, including an enhanced production of fertile pods and, therefore, more seed, particularly small seed.
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Bareki, L. "Beekeeping practices and physicochemical properties of honey produced in Lerala village, Botswana." Botswana Journal of Agriculture and Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (2019): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37106/bojaas.2019.4.
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This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical properties of Apis mellifera honey produced in Lerala village and to assess the beekeeping practices. Sale of honey is an important source of income for beekeepers in Lerala village. There are two types of honeybee production systems in the study area: traditional backyard beekeeping and forest honey harvesting. A total of six honey samples obtained from two sources (modern hive and forest) were analysed for physicochemical properties following standard procedures. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess beekeeping practices by interviewing 15 individuals who have experience in beekeeping. The average values for moisture content, total ash, free acidity, reducing sugars, sucrose, pH, water-insoluble solids and hydroxymethylfurfural of honey samples obtained from modern hives were 18%, 0.24%, 31 meq/kg, 56.6%, 1.88%, 4.24, 0.05 g/100g and 26.6 mg/kg, respectively. The corresponding values for honey obtained from the forest were 17.7%, 0.28%, 27.7 meq/kg, 58%, 2%, 5.18, 0.07 g/100g and 10.9 mg/kg, respectively. Honey source significantly (P≤0.05) influenced the pH, reducing sugars and sucrose contents of the honey samples while ash, free acidity, water-insoluble solids and moisture content were not significantly (P>0.05) different between the two sources of honey. The pH, sucrose and reducing sugars content of forest honey samples were significantly (P≤0.05) higher than honey obtained from modern hives. All the parameters analysed were within the limits set by the Codex Alimentarius Commission for honey. The major challenges faced by beekeepers in the study area include lack of skills and knowledge of beekeeping, weak extension services and lack of bee handling and honey processing equipment. Thus, there is a need for training of beekeepers on improved beekeeping practices and provision of inputs such as modern hives and honey handling and processing equipment to farmers.
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Higginson, Andrew D., Christopher J. Barnard, Adam Tofilski, Luis Medina, and Francis Ratnieks. "Experimental Wing Damage Affects Foraging Effort and Foraging Distance in HoneybeesApis mellifera." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/419793.
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Bees acquire wing damage as they age, and loss of wing area affects longevity and behaviour. This may influence colony performance via effects on worker behaviour. The effects of experimental wing damage were studied in worker honeybees in observation hives by recording survivorship, how often and for how long bees foraged, and by decoding waggle dances. Mortality rate increased with both age and wing damage. Damaged bees carried out shorter and/or less frequent foraging trips, foraged closer to the hive, and reported the profitability of flower patches to be lower than did controls. These results suggest that wing damage caused a reduction in foraging ability, and that damaged bees adjusted their foraging behaviour accordingly. Furthermore, the results suggest that wing damage affects the profitability of nectar sources. These results have implications for the colony dynamics and foraging efficiency in honeybees.
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Vijaykumar, Pashte Vrushali, and Patil Chidanand Shivshankar. "Monitoring on impact of insecticides on mortality of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) in front of beehives." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 2 (2017): 905–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1296.
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The present study investigated effect of pesticide usage and public awareness on honey bee mortality. The experiments were conducted at three different sites at Maharashtra, India with domesticated bee hives of Apis mellifera L. The maximum bee mortality during 51st week of 2012-13 (1559.10 bees/hive/week) clearly indicated towards the direct and indirect effect of insecticides in general at study site I (Case I). Similar experiments were repeated at other two different sites during 2013-14. Farmers (Case II and III) were aware of beekeeping and ill effects of pesticides. Farmers followed some precautionary measures to combat with the bad effect of insecticides on bees. As a result there was less mortality of bees. The experiments revealed that farmers should be aware of bee conservation and precautionary measures to combat with the bad effect of insecticides on bees.
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Maojuan, Li, Donald L. Nelson, and Peter Sporns. "Determination of Menthol in Honey by Gas Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 76, no. 6 (1993): 1289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/76.6.1289.
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Abstract A gas chromatographic method was developed for the determination of L-menthol in honey at levels as low as 0.1 ppm. The method includes steam distillation and hexane extraction with an internal standard (2,6-dimethylphenol). Beehives treated to control Acarapis woodi over 21 days with 30-60 g L-menthol contained L-menthol residues in honey and beeswax. L-menthol was found only in treated portions of the hive and not later transferred to added honey supers. The highest levels of residues in honey (18 ppm) and beeswax (2790 ppm) were found when pure L-menthol was adsorbed into foam strips placed on top of the hives. L-menthol residues in honey were not reduced by storage in open containers at room temperature for up to 55 days. Untrained panelists could not detect L-menthol in honey until the levels approached 36 ppm.
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Jacobstein, Roy. "Hives." JAMA 301, no. 7 (2009): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2008.984.
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Klein, Gerald L., and John W. Bachman. "Hives." Postgraduate Medicine 88, no. 4 (1990): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1990.11704762.
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Ranabhat, Nar Bahadur, and Ananda Shova Tamrakar. "Natural Enemies of Honey Bees Apis Cerana F and Associated Problems in Beekeeping in Kaski, W Nepal." Journal of Natural History Museum 24 (October 9, 2009): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v24i1.2260.
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A study was conducted at the southern belt of Kaski District during August 2003 to July 2004 to identify natural enemies of honey bee Apis cerana Fab. and associated problems in beekeeping. Four species of wasps viz: Vespa velutina, V. bicolor, V. tropica and V. basalis were observed preying on Apis cerana. Six species of Ants were collected from hive attacking honey bees viz Componatus sp, Sima sp, Monomorium sp, Myrmica sp and two unidentified. Four species of spider viz Palatar indicus, Ariope areuta and the other two belonging to family Theridae and Araneidae were collected from the hives. Two species of Birds, Green bee- Eater and Drongo; One species of Beetle, One Chalcid (Antrocephalus sp) were identified.The disease Thaisac brood, Mite, Wax Moth and pesticide damage, deforestation, absconding of bees, lack of technical knowledge were important problems for apiculture in study area. Key words: Apis cerana F; Enemies; Pesticide; Absconding; Kaski Journal of Natural History MuseumVol. 24, 2009Page: 89-95