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Journal articles on the topic 'Horizontal diameter'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Bell, L. B., F. A. Hopp, J. L. Seagard, H. F. Van Brederode, and J. P. Kampine. "A continuous noncontact method for measuring in situ vascular diameter with a video camera." Journal of Applied Physiology 64, no. 3 (1988): 1279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.64.3.1279.

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A new, continuous, on-line, video diameter-measuring technique, utilizing a video camera mounted on the sidearm of a stereo microscope, is described. Vessel diameter is derived from changes in the video output signal of the camera or a video recorder when the vessel of interest is displayed horizontally on a monitor and well contrasted with its background. A comparator threshold is set on the filtered video output signal and generates an output pulse that is used to gate horizontal video sync pulses to a digital counter-timer. The number of pulses counted for each video field (no. of horizonta

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2

Akman, A., O. Oram, and P. Aydin. "Optic Disc Measurements with the 78 Diopter Lens, Zeiss 4-Mirror Contact Lens and Computerized Image Analysing System." European Journal of Ophthalmology 8, no. 1 (1998): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112067219800800106.

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We evaluated the 78 diopter (D) lens and Zeiss 4-mirror lens for the measurement of vertical and horizontal optic disc diameters during slit-lamp biomicroscopy and compared the results with the measurements made with the computerized image analysing system (IMAGEnet 640, Topcon, Japan) in 30 eyes of 30 patients. The 78D lens and Zeiss 4-mirror lens measurements both correlated well with the computerized image analysis measurements (r=0.881 for vertical and r=0.895 for horizontal disc diameter measurements with the 78D lens and r=0.883 for vertical and r=0.891 for horizontal disc diameter measu

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3

Catherine Bastion, Mae-Lynn. "Evaluation of the Relationship between Corneal Diameter and Lens Diameter in Children." Medicine & Health 15, no. 2 (2020): 66–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/mh.2020.1502.09.

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Primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation has gained acceptance for management of infantile cataracts because of the advantage of reduced amblyopia risk. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between corneal diameter as measured from the white-to-white distance and natural lens diameter in children. This association may aid intraocular lens selection following cataract removal in infants and young children. A cross-sectional study was performed on forty eyes from 40 children less than 4 years, who needed to be examined, were planned for a procedure or operation under genera

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4

He, Pei, Li Jun Cheng, Ming Gong, Ke Xiong Song, and Yu Zhu. "Flow Field Characteristic Study of Horizontal Section PDC Bit in the Southeast of Chong Qing Wu Feng – Long Ma Xi Shale Reservoir." Applied Mechanics and Materials 316-317 (April 2013): 807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.316-317.807.

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The Southeast of Chong Qing Wu Feng – Long Ma Xi group is a national shale gas exploration and development key formation. Shale contains high clay minerals,It makes serious borehole instability and large of cuttings transport.The segment length of the horizontal well, is easy to form cuttings bed.Strong shale plastic makes ROP low. In this paper, It calculates the closed N-S equation based on the k-ε two-equation model by using numerical simulation method,studys the Φ 215.9 mm PDC bit´s nozzle diameters. When the center nozzle diameter is 12.70mm in a long horizontal section shale reservoir,It

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5

Bishop, Jeffrey J., Patricia R. Nance, Aleksander S. Popel, Marcos Intaglietta, and Paul C. Johnson. "Diameter changes in skeletal muscle venules during arterial pressure reduction." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 279, no. 1 (2000): H47—H57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2000.279.1.h47.

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Previous studies in skeletal muscle have shown a substantial (>100%) increase in venous vascular resistance with arterial pressure reduction to 40 mmHg, but a microcirculatory study showed no significant venular diameter changes in the horizontal direction during this procedure. To examine the possibility of venular collapse in the vertical direction, a microscope was placed horizontally to view a vertically mounted rat spinotrapezius muscle preparation. We monitored the diameters of venules (mean diameter 73.8 ± 37.0 μm, range 13–185 μm) oriented horizontally and vertically with a video sy

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Balta, Ahmet Ziya, Ilker Sucullu, Mehmet Saydam, and Ozgur Dandin. "Horizontal tumor diameter as a prognostic factor." American Journal of Surgery 211, no. 1 (2016): 304–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2015.04.013.

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7

Yoon, Da Eun, Soo Chang Cho, Hyun Jin Kim, and Kyung Eun Han. "Comparison of Horizontal White-to-white Diameter Measured Using Four Devices." Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 64, no. 1 (2023): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2023.64.1.9.

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Purpose: To compare the horizontal white-to-white (WTW) diameter measured using four devices.Methods: We measured the horizontal WTW diameter of 52 eyes of 52 patients using the IOL Master 500, ANTERION, OA-2000, and Pentacam HR devices. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare the measurements. Correlations between the measurements were evaluated using the Pearson correlation test. Agreement between measurements obtained using different instruments was confirmed using a Bland-Altman plot.Results: The mean horizontal WTW diameters obtained using IOL Master 500, ANTERION, OA-2

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8

Zhu, Xixi, Chende Xu, Mingzhou Gu, and Naihua Wang. "Experimental Study on Two-Phase Countercurrent Flow Limitation in Horizontal Circular Pipes." Energies 17, no. 9 (2024): 2081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17092081.

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The two-phase countercurrent flow limitation (CCFL) in horizontal channels is important in relation to nuclear reactor safety. In this study, we aim to investigate the CCFL characteristics and the flow behaviors in horizontal circular pipes with small diameters. The effects of pipe diameter and the water head in the upper plenum on CCFL characteristics are experimentally studied. An image-processing technique and statistical treatments are implemented to analyze the horizontal countercurrent flow. The results show that the CCFL characteristics for the horizontal circular pipes with small diame

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9

Sapountzaki, Olga E., Andreas E. Kampitsis, and Nikos D. Lagaros. "Modelling of Inelastic Pentamode-Based Bridge Bearings Using Beam Elements." Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction 12, no. 3 (2023): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jcec.2023.12.3.126.

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Metameterials have unique properties, which are mostly attributed to their geometrical configuration. Pentamodes, a subcategory of metamaterials, exhibit an almost zero shear elastic modulus while maintaining high compression stiffness, offering a behavior similar to that of a liquid, suggesting the potential application of pentamodes in seismic isolation. In this paper a real-life bridge bearing, composed of repetitive layers of pentamode unit cells in the horizontal and vertical axes is studied. The lattices are modelled using beam finite elements with an equivalent uniform diameter to ensur

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10

Wang, Zhiwei. "Optimal design of medium-buried pipe with horizontal wells." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 8, no. 1 (2023): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.8.1.541.2023.

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In this paper, based on the emergence of medium-depth cased buried pipe with horizontal wells, a kind of optimization design for this buried pipe is designed. Firstly, a semi-analytical model and related evaluation indexes are established for the model, and three different schemes are used for simulation and comparison, which are: changing the inner and outer diameters of the buried pipe at the same time, changing the outer pipe diameter while keeping the inner pipe diameter unchanged, and changing the inner pipe diameter while keeping the outer pipe diameter unchanged, which are of great sign

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11

Peng, Bin, Xing Yun Wang, Yu Wang, and He Huang. "Geometry Optimization and Engineering Applications of Transmission Tower Foundation in the Slope." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 1243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.1243.

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Combining with practical engineering, geometry optimization and engineering applications of transmission tower foundation in the slope is researched by using the finite-difference software FLAC3D. The variation of the pullout, vertical and horizontal ultimate bearing capacity with the diameter and length of the pile is analyzed. And optimization program of actual project is given. Research shows that when the pile length is constant, the variation of the pullout and vertical ultimate bearing capacity is increasing with the diameter increasing significantly and the horizontal ultimate bearing c

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12

Öğün, Tunç Cevat, Mehmet Erkan Üstün, and Mustafa Büyükmumcu. "CEPHALOCAUDAL VARIATIONS IN THE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIAMETERS OF THE PEDICLES OF THE LUMBAR SPINE IN THE TURKISH POPULATION." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 05, no. 01 (2001): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957701000416.

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Purpose: Racial morphometric differences in the pedicular structure of the vertebrae must be taken into account when using international transpedicular screw systems. In this study, we tried to figure out the differences, if any, in the size of the pedicles in a sample of the Turkish population. Methods: The horizontal and vertical diameters of the pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae were measured from the standardized anteroposterior radiographs of the lumbar spine in 100 subjects, aged from 20 to 40 years. Results: The mean horizontal width of the pedicles in our sample of the Turkish populatio

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13

Wang, Xiaolei, Zeyuan Wang, Changfeng Yuan, and Libo Liu. "Study on the Horizontal Bearing Characteristic of a New Type of Offshore Rubber Airbag Branch Pile." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (2022): 7331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127331.

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In this work, a new type of marine rubber airbag branch pile has been presented, and the influences of the exposed length L0 of the pile, size of rubber airbag branch and depth S0 of rubber airbag branch embedded in soil on the horizontal bearing capacity of the pile, have been investigated using numerical simulations. Simulation results were used to modify the eigenvalue equations of the horizontal bearing capacity. The results also showed that reverse displacement and the bending moment of the rubber airbag branch pile were lower in pipe piles with larger diameters, and the horizontal bearin

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14

Yang, Qing Guang, Yi Han Chen, Jie Tian, and Jie Liu. "Model Test Research on Horizontal Bearing Characteristics of Close-Ended Valibale Section Pipe Pile." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.475.

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Base on indoor model tests of three variable section pipe piles and two constant section pipe piles performed in foundation pit,the load transfer mechanism of two kinds of close-ended pipe piles are studied by comparing horizontal load-displacement curves, critical load and bending moment of piles. Results show that horizontal load-displacement curves change slowly and horizontal bearing capacity of valiable section pipe piles will be higher than constant section pipe piles with equal average diameters.Comparing with constant section pipe piles 1# and 2# with equal average diameters, unit volu

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15

Van Deusen, Paul C. "Fitting Assumed Distributions to Horizontal Point Sample Diameters." Forest Science 32, no. 1 (1986): 146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/32.1.146.

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Abstract The theory is developed for fitting assumed distributions, such as the Weibull, to diameters which were derived from horizontal point samples. The method of maximum likelihood and the method of moments are discussed briefly as two ways of doing this. The results make it possible to fit assumed distributions to horizontal point data for such uses as providing growth and yield estimates by diameter class. Forest Sci. 32:146-148.

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16

Bogomolov, R. M. "DRILLING ROCK BIT FOR HORIZONTAL WELLS SMALL DIAMETER." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences 22, no. 3 (2020): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/1990-5378-2020-22-3-44-48.

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17

Maley, L. C., and W. P. Jepson. "Liquid Holdup in Large-Diameter Horizontal Multiphase Pipelines." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 120, no. 3 (1998): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795033.

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This paper studies the liquid holdup within the mixing zone of the slug. The results of the study show that the liquid holdup begins at the liquid holdup of the liquid film before the slug and then increases until the end of the mixing zone is reached. Once past the mixing zone of the slug, the average liquid holdup becomes constant. As the height of the liquid film and/or viscosity increases, so does the liquid holdup at any given film Froude number. Since the liquid holdup becomes constant once past the mixing zone of the slug, the mixing zone length was determined for the film Froude number

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18

Shi, Yi, and Zhiqi Xie. "On the horizontal diameter of the unit sphere." Archiv der Mathematik 110, no. 1 (2017): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00013-017-1118-0.

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19

Daneshfaraz, Rasoul, Amir Ghaderi, Silvia Di Francesco, and Navid Khajei. "Experimental study of the effect of horizontal screen diameter on hydraulic parameters of vertical drop." Water Supply 21, no. 5 (2021): 2425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.077.

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Abstract The horizontal screen is one of the energy dissipater structures used on the brink of vertical drop. These structures increase the energy dissipation and the turbulence in the flow by causing air entrainment. In the present study, the effect of the diameter of the screen with constant porosity at three different diameters on the hydraulic parameters of the vertical drop was investigated. The experiments were performed in the relative critical depth range of 0.13 to 0.39. The results showed that by increasing the relative diameter of the horizontal screen, the relative wetting length a

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20

Yang, Xueying, Weiming Gong, and Qian Yin. "Numerical Simulation Study of Bearing Characteristics of Large-Diameter Flexible Piles Under Complex Loads." Buildings 14, no. 11 (2024): 3651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113651.

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The majority of the existing calculation methods for determining the ultimate bearing capacity of steel-pipe piles using Chinese criteria are designed for piles with diameters smaller than 2 m. To investigate the bearing capacity of flexible steel-pipe piles with diameters larger than 2 m under combined loading conditions, reveal nonlinear interactions between vertical and horizontal loads, and propose bearing capacity envelopes, in this paper, a numerical method was used to study the bearing capacity of a flexible pile with a diameter of 2.8 m and an embedment length of 72 m under vertical an

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21

Li, Ze, Kaiyu Lu, Wenlian Liu, Hebo Wang, Pu Peng, and Hanhua Xu. "Bearing Capacity of Karst Cave Roof under Pile Foundation Load Using Limit Analysis." Applied Sciences 13, no. 12 (2023): 7053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13127053.

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Reducing the computational workload by simplifying the analysis of karst foundations into a plane strain problem can yield significant advantages. Yet, such an approach fails in reproducing the engineering situation in a rigorous manner. In this regard, this paper proposes an upper-bound method that can effectively analyze the bearing capacity of three-dimensional karst foundations. This method is utilized to investigate the impact of various pile diameters, the ratio of roof thickness to pile diameter, and the ratio of cave width to pile diameter on the stability of karst foundations. The val

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22

Malik, S., R. Baz, C. Dina, P. Bordei, A. Rusali, and D. M. Iliescu. "Endo and exo aortic morphometry (endoluminal) in the aortic arch and its branches." ARS Medica Tomitana 22, no. 2 (2016): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arsm-2016-0018.

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Abstract Our study was conducted by the examination of angioCT’s, performing external measurements of aortic arch and the exo and endoaortic measurements of its three. The diameter of the thoracic aorta prior to the origin of the brachiocephalic arterial trunk was found with an average of 31.65 mm and below the left subclavian artery origin we found an average diameter of 24.3 mm. The brachiocephalic arterial trunk had an average diameter of 11.575 mm, 6.05 at carotid artery level and 9.05 mm at the level of the left subclavian artery. The endoaortic average diameter of the brachiocephalic art

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23

Kolosky, Taylor D., Anusha U. Saga, Donald F. Dariano, et al. "Comparison of angle-to-angle distance and corneal diameter in pediatric eyes using ultrasound biomicroscopy." PLOS ONE 19, no. 6 (2024): e0305624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305624.

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Objective To investigate the relationship between corneal diameter and internal corneal span determined from angle-to-angle distance using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in an observational cross-sectional patient population comprised of 54 eyes (28 healthy control eyes, ages 0.1 to 11.3 years; 26 eyes with primary congenital glaucoma, ages 0.1 to 3.5 years) from 41 pediatric participants ages 0.1 to 11.3 years (mean age: 3±3 years, median age: 2 years). Methods Forty cornea photographs with reference ruler and 110 UBM images were obtained. Three observers measured horizontal and vertical corn

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24

Zhang, Xin, Dongmin Yu, Kaifei Zhu, Aolai Zhao, and Minghao Ren. "The Horizontal Bearing Characteristics and Microscopic Soil Deformation Mechanism of Pile-Bucket Composite Foundation in Sand." Applied Sciences 14, no. 2 (2024): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14020907.

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The pile-bucket composite foundation represents an innovative foundation form that surpasses the horizontal bearing performance of both single bucket-shaped foundations and pile foundations. The intricate interplay between piles and buckets introduces the complexity of the factors influencing the bearing performance of composite foundations under horizontal loads. In this paper, the indoor model tests were conducted to investigate the effects of relative density and pile-to-barrel diameter ratio on the horizontal bearing capacity and surrounding soil pressure of the pile-bucket composite found

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Wang, Jiaojiao, Yanzhong Li, and Lei Wang. "Numerical Study on Pool Film Boiling of Liquid Hydrogen over Horizontal Cylinders." Energies 15, no. 3 (2022): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031044.

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Due to the low boiling point of hydrogen, the boiling phenomenon is usually encountered in the applications of liquid hydrogen. The underlying mechanism as well as the physical performance of film boiling over horizontal cylinders are not yet fully understood, especially for the various diameters. In this paper, pool film boiling of hydrogen over horizontal cylinders with diameters ranging from 0.2 to 30 mm is investigated based on the volume-of-fluid method. By the analysis of the gas–liquid interface evolution and the heat transfer mechanism, the cylinders are divided into wire heaters, tran

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26

Rudiyanto, Rudiyanto, Eko Budiyanto, Rubi Kurniawan, and Joko Sumosusilo. "Pengaruh diameter sudu terhadap kinerja turbin angin berporos horizontal." ARMATUR : Artikel Teknik Mesin & Manufaktur 1, no. 1 (2020): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24127/armatur.v1i1.186.

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Fossil energy is a limited and non-renewable source of energy, therefore it is necessary to look for alternative energy solutions that are not available and can be updated. Another reason is to reduce the impact of pollution caused by the use of fossil energy. As we all know, the biggest source of pollution in the world comes from exhaust gas/fossil fuel emissions. These plants can convert wind energy into electrical energy using wind turbines or windmill. The electricity generation system using wind as an energy source is an alternative system that is very rapidly developing, considering that

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27

Heng, Shuai, Qiongxiao Wang, Zhenfeng Wang, Zhiqiang Bai, and Kang Du. "Simulation of Coal-water Mixture Transportation in A Horizontal Pipeline." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 15, no. 2 (2025): 193–201. https://doi.org/10.54097/17yqqx39.

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In order to solve the problem of selecting the model of conveying pump and the inner diameter of conveying pipeline in the process of underground coal-water mixture conveying, and to realize the best conveying effect of coal-water mixture. In this paper, the flow state of coal-water mixture in the pipeline is numerically simulated by CFD-DEM coupling method using EDEM and FLUENT software. The effects of different inlet flow rates and pipe diameters on the conveying effect of coal-water mixtures are investigated, and the conveying results of coal-water mixtures under different conditions are co

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28

Chun, Moon-Hyun, and Myeong-Gie Kang. "Effects of Heat Exchanger Tube Parameters on Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer." Journal of Heat Transfer 120, no. 2 (1998): 468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2824272.

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In an effort to determine the combined effects of major parameters of heat exchanger tubes on the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer in the scaled in-containment refueling water storage tank (IRWST) of advanced light water reactors (ALWRs), a total of 1966 data points for q″ versus ΔT have been obtained using various combinations of tube diameters, surface roughness, and tube orientations. The experimental results show that: (1) increased surface roughness increases the heat transfer coefficient for both horizontal and vertical tubes, and the effect of surface roughness is more pronounced for

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29

Scott, Stuart L., Ovadia Shoham, and James P. Brill. "Prediction of Slug Length in Horizontal, Large-Diameter Pipes." SPE Production Engineering 4, no. 03 (1989): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/15103-pa.

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30

Balta, Ahmet Ziya, Yavuz Ozdemir, İlker Sucullu, et al. "Can horizontal diameter of colorectal tumor help predict prognosis?" Turkish Journal of Surgery 30, no. 3 (2014): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/ucd.2014.2701.

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31

KARIYASAKI, Akira, Sigeharu MOROOKA, Tohru FUKANO, and Akiharu OUSAKA. "Two-phase flow in a horizontal small diameter tube." Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2004.57 (2004): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2004.57.315.

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32

Wambsganss, M. W., D. M. France, J. A. Jendrzejczyk, and T. N. Tran. "Boiling Heat Transfer in a Horizontal Small-Diameter Tube." Journal of Heat Transfer 115, no. 4 (1993): 963–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2911393.

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Results of a study on boiling heat transfer of refrigerant R-113 in a small-diameter (2.92 mm) tube are reported. Local heat transfer coefficients are measured for a range of heat flux (8.8–90.75 kW/m2), mass flux (50–300 kg/m2s), and equilibrium mass quality (0–0.9). The measured coefficients are used to evaluate 10 different heat transfer correlations, some of which have been developed specifically for refrigerants. High heat fluxes and low mass fluxes are inherent in small channels, and this combination results in high boiling numbers. In addition, based on a flow pattern map developed from

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Zheng, Changjie, Hao Lin, Guangwei Cao, and Lubao Luan. "Horizontal dynamic response of offshore large-diameter pipe piles." Ocean Engineering 272 (March 2023): 113797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.113797.

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Xiao, Fukun, Renhe Li, and Le Xing. "Research on the Impact of Different Force Directions on the Mechanical Properties and Damage Evolution Law of Sandstone with Different Hole Diameters." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (August 24, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4247027.

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In this research, a uniaxial acoustic emission experiment was conducted on rock samples with different positions and diameters of the hole, and an analysis was made on the impact of different hole positions and diameters on the mechanical properties, failure, energy conversion, and acoustic emission-caused damage characteristics and laws of the rock samples. The results reveal as follows: first, due to the existence of holes in rocks, the stress-strain curve changes at each stage, accompanied by multiple stress drops. And the peak strength gradually reduces with the increase in hole diameter.

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Yadav, J. S., K. Kumar, R. K. Dutta, and A. Garg. "Influence of positions of the geotextile on the load-settlement behaviour of circular footing resting on single stone column by 2D Plaxis software." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 2, no. 107 (2021): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.3584.

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Purpose: This study aims to study the load – settlement behaviour of circular footing rested on encased single stone column. Design/methodology/approach: The effect of vertical, horizontal and combined verticalhorizontal encasement of stone column on the load carrying capacity were examined numerically. The effect of stone column dimension (80 mm and 100 mm), length (400 mm and 500 mm), and spacing of reinforcement on the load carrying capacity and reinforcement ratio were assessed. Findings: The obtained results revealed that the load carrying capacity of geotextile encased stone columns are

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Shah, Dr Rupesh, and Mayank Shah. "Numerical investigation to analyse the effect of fin shape on performance of finned tube heat exchanger." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 16, no. 3 (2022): 9014–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.16.3.2022.04.0713.

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Numerical investigations are carried out to determine the effect of change in geometrical parameter of annular fin on thermal and hydraulic characteristics. Fin shape is changed by varying horizontal diameter of fin. Three different cases of annular fin are investigated corresponding to fin diameter ratio (X) of 0.65, 0.85 and 1. Turbulence is modelled using k-ω shear stress transport model. Relative assessment of tube with annular fin of different horizontal diameter (D01) is done for 2500 < Re < 13000. The comparison of Nusselt number reveals that circular tube with annular fin enhance

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Reshetov, V. V., and A. I. Trushin. "Horizontal CCMs in small-capacity metallurgy." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 77, no. 7 (2021): 776–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-7-776-781.

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Production of light-section rolled products and wire rods of alloyed steel grades differs by small volume of yearly output and wide range of smelted grades. To organize production of light-section rolled products of alloyed steel grades in small volumes, OJSC “Spetsmash” elaborated concept of small-capacity production, which was implemented at several plants. It was shown that horizontal CCM can be effectively applied in the small-capacity production within complexes of light-section rolled stock of alloyed steels production. At the plant “Ferrotrade” (Beloretsk) when creating a complex for pr

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Liu, Xue Min, Zhou Hang Li, Yu Xin Wu, and Jun Fu Lu. "Effect of Tube Size on Flow Pattern of Air-Water Two-Phase Flow in Horizontal Tubes." Advanced Materials Research 746 (August 2013): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.746.575.

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Aiming at the diameter range of boiler water wall tubes in practical engineering application, the air-water two phase flow pattern in horizontal tube was experimentally investigated in tubes with different inner diameters of 20mm and 8 mm under atmosphere condition. The stratified flow, wave flow, plug flow, slug flow, annular flow, bubbly flow and mist flow were observed in the tubes. Most of the experimental points agree well with the Baker flow pattern map when they appear in the map. With the experimental results, the range lines between the flow patterns were suggested for the tube of 20m

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Lam, C. H., L. M. Tam, H. K. Tam, and C. F. Kuok. "Heat Transfer Measurements for the Horizontal Micro-Tubes Using Liquid Crystal Thermography." Advanced Materials Research 816-817 (September 2013): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.816-817.166.

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In this study, a non-contact liquid crystal thermography (LCT) method was developed for surface temperature measurements on the micro- and micro-tubes with the diameters of 2000µm, 1000µm, 838µm and 686µm. In the single-phase heat transfer experiments, the fully-developed flow heat transfer data from laminar to turbulent regionswere obtained under the uniform wall heat flux boundary condition. The experiment system was verified with the macro-tube of 2000µm diameter tube. The results showed that buoyancy effect was not observed in the laminar region when the tube diameter was less than 1000 µm

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Li, Yazhou, and Li Dong. "Analysis of Factors Affecting Bearing Capacity of Large Diameter Single Piles of Offshore Wind Power under Earthquake Loads." E3S Web of Conferences 136 (2019): 04061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913604061.

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The offshore wind turbine single pile foundation structure is simple and easy to install, but in the earthquake environment, large horizontal displacement is easy to occur, which affects the safe operation of offshore wind turbines. For this reason, the bearing characteristics and influencing factors of large-diameter single-pile offshore wind power under earthquake load are analyzed. The Mohr-Coulomb model is used as the model. The ABAQUS is used to construct the large-scale single-pile finite element model of offshore wind power. Loads and analysis of bearing characteristics and influencing

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Zhou, Pei, Ronghua Huang, Sheng Huang, Yu Zhang, and Xiaoxuan Rao. "Experimental investigation on bubble contact diameter and bubble departure diameter in horizontal subcooled flow boiling." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 149 (March 2020): 119105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.119105.

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Lu, Songye, Yao Wang, Pan Jiang, and Ting Xiong. "Experimental Study on Horizontal Pipeline Transportation Characteristics of Coarse Particle." Applied Sciences 15, no. 6 (2025): 3388. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15063388.

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In dredging operations, the efficient transportation of dredged materials presents a significant and intricate challenge. This study focuses on the motion and resistance characteristics of coarse-grained dredged materials during pipeline conveyance. A specialized simulation experiment platform was developed to investigate the horizontal pipeline transport of coarse-grained materials. The experimental design encompassed varying particle diameters, material volume concentrations, and mixed average flow rates to analyze the motion and resistance characteristics of these materials in horizontal pi

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Chen, Ye, Chenxi Zhao, Qiurui Huang, et al. "Impact of Pipe Diameter on the Discharge Process of Halon1301 in a Fire Extinguishing System with Horizontal Straight Pipe." Fire 6, no. 8 (2023): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6080287.

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In aviation fire extinguishing systems, the extinguishing agent is stored in a bottle, which is pressurized by nitrogen. When fire occurs, the agent is discharged via pipe and nozzle to the target compartment. The geometry of the pipe has a significant impact on the discharge process, and merits study. In this study of the discharge process of halon1301 using pipes of different diameters, the pressure distribution was significantly influenced by varying pipe diameter. Contributions to pressure drops through the valve/pipe/nozzle were approximately 2%, 8%, and 90%, respectively, when the pipe d

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Mills, Stephen L., and Stephen C. Massey. "Distribution and coverage of A- and B-type horizontal cells stained with Neurobiotin in the rabbit retina." Visual Neuroscience 11, no. 3 (1994): 549–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800002455.

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AbstractBoth A- and B-type horizontal cells in the rabbit retina were labeled by brief in vitro incubations of the isolated retina in the blue fluorescent dye 4,6–diamino-2–phenylindole. Intracellular injection of Lucifer Yellow into the somata revealed the morphology of the individual cells. Dye-coupling with Lucifer Yellow was seen only between A-type horizontal cells. By contrast, injection of the tracer Neurobiotin showed dye-coupling between both A- and B-type horizontal cells. There also appeared to be coupling between the axon terminals of B-type horizontal cells.The extensive dye-coupl

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Shi, Yi. "Horizontal diameter of unit spheres with polar foliations and infinitesimally polar actions." International Journal of Mathematics 32, no. 04 (2021): 2150018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x2150018x.

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For a singular Riemannian foliation [Formula: see text] on a Riemannian manifold, a curve is called horizontal if it meets the leaves of [Formula: see text] perpendicularly. For a singular Riemannian foliation [Formula: see text] on a unit sphere [Formula: see text], we show that if [Formula: see text] is a polar foliation or if [Formula: see text] is given by the orbits of an infinitesimally polar action, then the horizontal diameter of [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text], i.e. any two points in [Formula: see text] can be connected by a horizontal curve of length [Formula: see text].

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Zhang, Yingqiu, Hongyue Sun, and Yuequan Shang. "Study on Siphon Drainage Capacity of Slopes with Long-Horizontal Pipe Sections." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (2022): 9650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199650.

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Siphon drainage, which is applicable in engineering as one of the effective methods to maintain slope stability, has many advantages, including no additional power requirements, simple construction, and low construction cost. However, due to topographic constraints and high farmland occupation costs, most projects inevitably use pipes with a total length of more than 100 m and horizontal sections of more than 50 m for drainage. The increase in pipe length has serious adverse effects on the siphon drainage process, limiting its drainage capacity and long-term applicability. Therefore, in slope

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El Nakla, M., M. Habib, W. Ahmed, A. Al-Sarkhi, R. Ben Mansour, and M. Y. Al-Awwad. "Application of the Critical Heat Flux Look-Up Table to Large Diameter Tubes." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/868163.

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The critical heat flux look-up table was applied to a large diameter tube, namely 67 mm inside diameter tube, to predict the occurrence of the phenomenon for both vertical and horizontal uniformly heated tubes. Water was considered as coolant. For the vertical tube, a diameter correction factor was directly applied to the 1995 critical heat flux look-up table. To predict the occurrence of critical heat flux in horizontal tube, an extra correction factor to account for flow stratification was applied. Both derived tables were used to predict the effect of high heat flux and tube blockage on cri

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Kahbi Zauri, Farhan. "Pengembangan Sundial Horizontal Untuk Daerah Ekuator Tropis Selatan: Studi Kasus di Kota Surabaya Jawa Timur." Azimuth: Journal of Islamic Astronomy 5, no. 2 (2025): 180–230. https://doi.org/10.15642/azimuth.v5i2.2679.

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This article aims to explain the process of constructing a horizontal sundial with criteria suitable for use in tropical latitudes or regions near the imaginary equator line, specifically in the Surabaya area; and to describe the results of measuring the sundial's criteria through testing based on the local digital time. This research is a type of R&D study using a qualitative approach. The techniques employed include observation, documentation, and experimentation. The primary data source used by the researcher is the gnomon’s shadow exposed to sunlight, while secondary data sources inclu

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Sahraoui, M., M. Kaviany, and H. Marshall. "Natural Convection From Horizontal Disks and Rings." Journal of Heat Transfer 112, no. 1 (1990): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910331.

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A length scale similar to the hydraulic diameter for natural convection from horizontal surfaces has been previously suggested by others. This length scale correlates the available experimental results for circular, rectangular, and triangular surfaces fairly well. Herein this length scale is used for natural convection from rings. The obtained experimental (using naphthalene sublimation) and numerical (finite-difference approximation of the governing equations for axisymmetric fields) results confirm this length scale applicability to this class of multiply connected surfaces. Relatively good

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Lam, Soo Poey, Abdul Wahab Abas, Saparudin Ariffin, and Woon Kiow Lee. "Numerical Analysis of Single Phase Flow Pressure Drop in a Horizontal Rifled Tube." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 4398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.4398.

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Numerical analysis by using Fluent® has been carried out to investigate the pressure drop of single phase flow in a 2 meter long of rifled tube and smooth tube which is placed horizontally. The rifled tube or also known as spiral internally ribbed tube that is used in this investigation has an outside diameter 45.0 mm and inside equivalent diameter1 of 33.1 mm while the smooth tube has an outside diameter 45.0 mm and inside diameter 34.1 mm. The working fluid that is used in this investigation is water. In this numerical analysis, realizable k-epsilon model has been chosen to solve the fully d

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