Relevant bibliographies by topics / Host preference

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Host preference'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 June 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Host preference.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Host preference"

1

Lymbery, A. J. "Host specificity, host range and host preference." Parasitology Today 5, no. 9 (1989): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(89)90021-5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

KOEHLER, ANSON V., ANNA G. GONCHAR, and ROBERT POULIN. "Genetic and environmental determinants of host use in the trematode Maritrema novaezealandensis (Microphallidae)." Parasitology 138, no. 1 (2010): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182010001022.

Full text
Abstract:
SUMMARYFactors constraining host specificity are poorly understood. Intraspecific variation in host preferences in generalist parasites may reveal which factors affect patterns of host use, and thus the evolution of specialization. Here, laboratory experiments examined genetic variation in host preferences and the effect of a refugium against infection on host use. Firstly, 6 cercarial clones of the trematode Maritrema novaezealandensis (ranging widely in heterozygosities) were exposed simultaneously to 2 alternative hosts, the amphipods Heterophoxus stephenseni and Paracalliope novizealandiae, to assess host preferences and fitness correlations with parasite heterozygosity. All clones showed a distinct preference for H. stephenseni, though the extent of this preference varied among clones. No clear association was found between heterozygosity and either parasite infection success or preference for a particular host. Secondly, cercariae were exposed to the same 2 amphipods in both the presence and absence of sand (refugium for H. stephenseni). Without sand, infection levels were significantly higher in H. stephenseni than in P. novizealandiae. With sand, H. stephenseni was able to hide, offsetting the parasite's intrinsic preferences for this host. These results demonstrate the existence of genetic variation in host preferences, as well as the effect of environmental variables on observed patterns of host use.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Giraldo, Diego, and Conor J. McMeniman. "Quantifying Mosquito Host Preference." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2024, no. 4 (2023): pdb.top107663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.top107663.

Full text
Abstract:
The most dangerous mosquito species for human health are those that blood feed preferentially and frequently on humans (anthropophilic mosquitoes). These include prolific disease vectors such as the African malaria mosquitoAnopheles gambiaeand yellow fever mosquitoAedes aegypti. The chemosensory basis for anthropophilic behavior exhibited by these disease vectors, as well as the factors that drive interindividual differences in human attractiveness to mosquitoes, remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we concisely review established methods to quantify mosquito interspecific and intraspecific host preference in the laboratory, as well as semi-field and field environments. Experimental variables for investigator consideration during assays of mosquito host preference across these settings are highlighted.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Egan, Scott P., Glen R. Hood, and James R. Ott. "Testing the Role of Habitat Isolation among Ecologically Divergent Gall Wasp Populations." International Journal of Ecology 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/809897.

Full text
Abstract:
Habitat isolation occurs when habitat preferences lower the probability of mating between individuals associated with differing habitats. While a potential barrier to gene flow during ecological speciation, the effect of habitat isolation on reproductive isolation has rarely been directly tested. Herein, we first estimated habitat preference for each of six populations of the gall waspBelonocnema treataeinhabiting eitherQuercus virginianaorQ. geminata. We then estimated the importance of habitat isolation in generating reproductive isolation betweenB. treataepopulations that were host specific to eitherQ. virginianaorQ. geminataby measuring mate preference in the presence and absence of the respective host plants. All populations exhibited host preference for their native plant, and assortative mating increased significantly in the presence of the respective host plants. This host-plant-mediated assortative mating demonstrates that habitat isolation likely plays an important role in promoting reproductive isolation among populations of this host-specific gall former.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Zhang, Aoying, Tao Li, Lisha Yuan, Mingtao Tan, Dun Jiang, and Shanchun Yan. "Digestive Characteristics of Hyphantria cunea Larvae on Different Host Plants." Insects 14, no. 5 (2023): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14050463.

Full text
Abstract:
Digestive physiology mediates the adaptation of phytophagous insects to host plants. In this study, the digestive characteristics of Hyphantria cunea larvae feeding preferences on different host plants were investigated. The results showed that the body weight, food utilization, and nutrient contents of H. cunea larvae feeding on the high-preference host plants were significantly higher than those feeding on the low-preference host plants. However, the activity of larval digestive enzymes in different host plants presented an opposite trend, as higher α-amylase or trypsin activity was observed in the group feeding on the low-preference host plants than that feeding on the high-preference host plants. Upon treatment of leaves with α-amylase and trypsin inhibitors, the body weight, food intake, food utilization rate, and food conversion rate of H. cunea larvae significantly decreased in all host plant groups. Furthermore, the H. cunea comprised highly adaptable compensatory mechanisms of digestion involving digestive enzymes and nutrient metabolism in response to digestive enzyme inhibitors. Taken together, digestive physiology mediates the adaptation of H. cunea to multiple host plants, and the compensatory effect of digestive physiology is an important counter-defense strategy implemented by H. cunea to resist plant defense factors, especially the insect digestive enzyme inhibitors.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Gaffke, Alexander, Maritza Romero, and Hans Alborn. "What Is More Important to Host-Seeking Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Innate or Learned Preference?" Agriculture 13, no. 9 (2023): 1802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091802.

Full text
Abstract:
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), small soil-dwelling non-segmented roundworms, are obligate parasites of insects and commonly used in agriculture for biological control of insect pests. For successful reproduction, EPNs must identify, move towards, and successfully infect a suitable insect host in a chemically complex soil environment. EPNs can have innate host insect preferences and can be attracted to semiochemicals associated with that host. They can also develop strong learned preferences for chemical signals associated with the presence of a host, such as herbivory-induced volatiles. We hypothesized that simultaneous manipulation of innate and learned preferences could result in increased biological control services of EPNs in agriculture. Separate cohorts of the EPN Steinernema diaprepesi were raised on two insect hosts, Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor, for multiple generations until the nematodes in a dual-choice olfactometer exhibited preference for the host they were reared on. Subsequently, the two strains of nematodes were imprinted on three plant-produced terpenoids of agricultural significance: pregeijerene, β-caryophyllene, and α-pinene. After exposure to one of the plant compounds, the behavior of the EPNs was assayed in an olfactometer where the two host insects were presented with and without the plant compounds. We found that plant volatile exposure increased the infection rate of the nematodes, and some host–compound combinations proved to be attractive, but other combinations appeared to become repellent. These results indicate that learned preference is neither subordinate nor superior to innate preference, and that infection efficiency can vary with compound exposure and insect host.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Lodge, D. Jean, and Thomas Laessøe. "Host preference in Camillea verruculospora." Mycologist 9, no. 4 (1995): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-915x(09)80004-9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Astuti, Ludji Pantja, and Mutala’liah Mutala’liah. "Host preference of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) on six kinds of flour." Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 17, no. 3 (2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.17.3.149.

Full text
Abstract:
<p>The red flour beetle, <em>Tribolium castaneum </em>(Herbts)<em> </em>is a major pest of flour from various grains. The infested flour is discoloured and will emit a disagreeable odour due to the secretion of benzoquinone from the insect’s abdominal glands. Considering the economic losses effected by <em>T. castaneum, </em>new alternative control measures are needed for this pest. This study sought to determine the host preferences of <em>T. castaneum </em>from amongst six kinds of flour to assess their vulnerability to infestation. The research was conducted in the Plant Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya. The host preferences of <em>T. castaneum</em> were examined using a six-arm olfactometer. Feeding preference tests were performed for a duration of 12 hours at 200 ml/minute airflow in each chamber-arm, followed by oviposition preference observations one week later. Feeding preference was calculated for the total pool of adults observed, segregated by sex, whereas oviposition preference was calculated as the number of eggs laid. Flour nutrition (proximate composition, phenolic content, and riboflavin content) were analyzed. Our results showed a feeding preference by <em>T. castaneum </em>for bran, soy and tapioca flour was greater over wheat, corn, and white gelatinous rice flour, while for oviposition, bran flour was the most preferred.</p>
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Trejo-Meléndez, Víctor, and Jorge Contreras-Garduño. "To live free or being a parasite: The optimal foraging behavior may favor the evolution of entomopathogenic nematodes." PLOS ONE 19, no. 3 (2024): e0298400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298400.

Full text
Abstract:
Facultative parasites can alternate between a free-living and a parasitic existence to complete their life cycle. Yet, it remains uncertain which lifestyle they prefer. The optimal foraging theory suggests that food preferences align with fitness benefits. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the facultative parasite nematode Rhabditis regina, assessing its host preference and the associated benefits. Two experiments were conducted using wild nematode populations collected from Phyllophaga polyphylla, their natural host. In the first experiment, we used a behavioral arena to assess host preference between the natural host and two experimental hosts: Spodoptera frugiperda which is an alternative host and dead Tenebrio molitor, which simulates a saprophytic environment. In the second experiment, we subjected wild nematodes to "experimental evolution" lasting 50 generations in S. frugiperda and 53 generations in T. molitor carcass. We then compared life history traits (the size, survival, number of larvae, and glycogen and triglycerides as energy reserves) of dauer larvae with those nematodes from P. polyphylla (control group). We found a significant preference for P. polyphylla, which correlated with higher values in the nematode’s life history traits. In contrast, the preference for S. frugiperda and the saprophytic environment was lower, resulting in less efficient life history traits. These findings align with the optimal foraging theory, as the nematode’s parasitic preferences are in line with maximizing fitness. This also indicates that R. regina exhibits specificity to P. polyphylla and is better adapted to a parasitic lifestyle than a free-living one, suggesting an evolutionary pathway towards parasitism.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Stearns, Frank W., Kelley J. Tilmon, and Thomas K. Wood. "Felsenstein’s “one-allele model” of speciation: The role of philopatry in the initial stages of host plant mediated reproductive isolation in Enchenopa binotata." Current Zoology 59, no. 5 (2013): 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/59.5.658.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The study of speciation genetics is primarily concerned with identifying the genetic traits that allow divergent selection to overcome the homogenizing effects of gene flow. Felsenstein reviewed this race between gene flow and selection, concluding that speciation with gene flow was unlikely under a “two-allele model” (where two traits were necessary for reproductive isolation) but that divergence could occur quite easily under a “one-allele model.” Despite this finding, much of the sympatric speciation research involving phytophagous insects has relied on a two-trait model, where insects evolve both preferences for and increased performance on novel host plants. Philopatry (a tendency to remain where one was born) is known to occur in phytophagous insects and is a single trait isolation mechanism. However, it is traditionally invoked as simply augmenting reproductive isolation. Species in the Enchenopa binotata complex are believed to have speciated in sympatry. They exhibit host plant preferences, host specific performance advantages and strong philopatry. We experimentally shifted E. binotata to evolutionarily novel host plants. Previous research has demonstrated that the experimental population of insects possesses genetic variation in preference and performance to the novel host. The degree of philopatry at mating and egg-laying was assayed for the first four years under full choice conditions. Host plant preference and performance was assayed after eight years. Philopatry was an immediate and strong isolating mechanism, while preference for and performance on the novel host lagged. We therefore suggest that philopatry may be a more important mechanism in the early stages of a host shift than previously believed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Host preference"

1

Chu, C. C., T. J. Hennberry, and A. C. Cohen. "Host Preference of Silverleaf Whitefly and Factors Associated with Feeding Site Preference." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210321.

Full text
Abstract:
Silverleaf whitefly (SLW), Bemisia argentifolii, Bellows and Perring, preferred cantaloupe to cotton, broccoli and lettuce in field and greenhouse studies. In the absence of cantaloupe, SLW preferred cotton to broccoli and lettuce. In the field, more eggs and fewer nymphs were found on broccoli than on cotton. Differences in the relative abundance of vascular bundles per unit of leaf area between the four plant species may partly account for differences in oviposition site selection. Vascular bundle volume/unit of leaf tissue volume was 50% greater in cantaloupe than in cotton and broccoli, which in turn were significantly greater than in lettuce. Most SLW on cotton leaves are found on underside leaf surfaces. Distances from top and underside leaf surfaces to the nearest vascular bundles in cotton leaves were 131 and 60 tun, respectively, in the present studies.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Schäpers, Alexander. "Evolutionary and mechanistic aspects of insect host plant preference." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Zoologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-128488.

Full text
Abstract:
Plant feeding insects comprise about 25% of all animal species on earth and play an important role in all ecosystems. Although we understand that their association with plants is a key-factor driving the diversification in this group, we still have large gaps in our knowledge of the underlying processes of this relationship. Female choice of host plant is an important event in the insect life-cycle, as it is a major determinant of the larval food plant. In this Thesis I studied different aspects of insect host plant choice and used butterflies from the family Nymphalidae as my study system. I found that butterflies have a well developed olfactory system and that they use odors when searching for food or host plants. However, the information obtained from the odor of host plants does not seem to be sufficient for the studied species to make a distinction between plants of different qualities. Interestingly, even when in full contact with the leaf they do not make optimal decisions. I show for example that a sub-optimal female choice may be mitigated by larval ability to cope with unfavorable situations. Moreover, species that utilize a broader set of host plants may not be very well adapted to all the hosts they use, but at the same time they may survive in areas where there is only a subset of the plants available. Lastly, differences in the evolution of life-history traits between species can account for differences in how each species realizes its lifestyle. Thus, by incorporating findings on mechanisms of host plant choice with the ecological and evolutionary context of a species, our ability to explain the dynamics of host plant choice and insect-plant interactions can be improved.<br><p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Pecher, Wolf Thomas. "Host preference of Perkinsus species epizootiological, environmental, and molecular aspects /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7226.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.<br>Thesis research directed by: Marine-Estuarine-Environmental Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Park, Suh Yeong. "Modeling Tsetse Fly Host Preference and African Trypanosomiasis in Cameroon." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306862287.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Msangosoko, Kondwani Richmond. "Oviposition Preference and Larval Host Range of the Sugarbeet Root Maggot." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26795.

Full text
Abstract:
The sugarbeet root maggot, Tetanops myopaeformis R?der, is native to North America; however, its main crop host, sugarbeet, Beta vulgaris L., was introduced to the continent from Europe. This study involved an investigation of the attractiveness of cultivated crops and native North American weed species for oviposition by T. myopaeformis and the relative suitability of these potential host plant species for larval development, thus potentially shedding light on the native and current host range of this pest. Females preferred to oviposit near the following plant species: sugarbeet; spinach, Spinacia oleroceae L.; palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Watts.; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L.; redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L.; and spear saltbush, Atriplex patula L. Larval survival was highest on spinach, followed by sugarbeet, and spear saltbush (all belonging to the family Chenopodiaceae). This suggests that species within this family likely served as native host plants for T. myopaeformis before the introduction of sugarbeet to North America. Lower larval numbers on common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, and Palmer amaranth suggest that these species are sub-optimal hosts, despite being attractive for oviposition. Additional findings showed a general lack of oviposition preference by T. myopaeformis females for sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., and common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. These results provide further insights into the rapidly successful host preference shift by this insect to sugarbeet.<br>Dr. Mark Boetel
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Storey, Melissa Cameron. "Preference and performance of the water lily aphid (Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae) among native and invasive duckweeds (Lemnaceae)." Click here to access thesis, 2007. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/summer2007/melissa_c_storey/Storey_Melissa_C_200705_MS.pdf.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia Southern University, 2007.<br>"A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science." In Biology, under the direction of Alan Harvey. ETD. Electronic version approved: July 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-64) and appendices.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Oliveira, Ana L. "Host preference profile in an area of Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) virus transmission in Alabama." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2010. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2010p/oliveira.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Marriott, Charles. "Host plant location, selection and preference by the wheat bulb fly Delia coarctata Fall. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28541.

Full text
Abstract:
The geographical distribution and phenology of WBF are matched more closely with those of couch than with those of other hosts. These factors suggest that couch, and not wheat, is the preferred host. Aspects of this hypothesis were tested in the laboratory, glasshouse and field. In choice test bioassays neonate larvae preferred couch seedlings and their exudates to wheat seedlings and their exudates, and couch rhizome exudates to controls. Couch seedling exudates had attractant properties, whereas wheat exudates had attractant and arrestant properties, when compared with controls. The larvae were photophobic and positively geotactic. In a pot trial, symptoms of infestation appeared earlier in couch than in wheat. At first, larvae encouraged production of extra shoots, especially of couch, which they kill. After 5 weeks, infested plants suffered a relative reduction in number of shoots, but uninfested neighbouring plants, especially wheat, compensated for this by producing more shoots themselves. Larvae raised on couch emerged as adults earlier than those raised on wheat. They thus develop more rapidly, and use more resources, on couch than on wheat, i.e. they are better adapted to couch as a food source. Earlier eclosion in the field would allow adults to make better use of favourable weather conditions, and to live longer, mate more often, and produce more eggs. In the laboratory and the field adult WBF preferred to rest on couch than on wheat. They also preferred taller plants and those nearer the edge of a stand. Buried couch rhizomes did not encourage oviposition by gravid WBF females, either in the laboratory or the field. These findings support the hypothesis that couch is the preferred host of WBF, provide a partial explanation of high larval mortalities on wheat, and suggest that attractants isolated from couch and arrestants isolated from wheat could be used to control WBF larvae if incorporated into buried granules.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Wong, Kit-man, and 黃潔文. "Diversity, host preference, and vertical distribution of saprobic fungi on grasses and sedges in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43894409.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Wong, Kit-man. "Diversity, host preference, and vertical distribution of saprobic fungi on grasses and sedges in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22054078.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Host preference"

1

Gansner, David A. Host preferences of gypsy moth on a new frontier of infestation. U.S. Government Printing Office], 1985.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Gansner, David A. Host preferences of gypsy moth on a new frontier of infestation. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1985.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Wehling, Wayne Franklin. Geography of host use, oviposition preference, and gene flow in the anise swallowtail butterfly (Papilio zelicaon). 1994.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Pettigrew, Richard. Choosing for Changing Selves. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814962.001.0001.

Full text
Abstract:
What we value, like, endorse, want, and prefer changes over the course of our lives. Sometimes this is a result of decisions we make—such as when we choose to become a parent or move to a new country—and sometimes it is caused by forces beyond our control—such as when our political views change as we grow older. This poses a problem for any theory of how we ought to make decisions. Which values and preferences should we appeal to when we are making our decisions? Our current values? Our past ones? Our future ones? Or some amalgamation of all of them? But if that, which amalgamation? This book presents a theory of rational decision-making for people whose values have changed in the past and might change again in the future. It begins with expected utility theory, the orthodox theory of rational choice, and raises the problem of choosing for changing selves in that context. It then offers a new decision theory that avoids the problem. In the process, the book considers a host of related problems: Is it rational to give less weight to your far future preferences than to those in your near future? Can we have moral obligations to pursue the goals of our past selves? Do we know enough about our future preferences to make rational decisions that are sufficiently sensitive to them? How should we combine competing sets of values into a single set?
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Lavelle, Kathryn C. Sovereign Wealth Funds and Foreign Policy. Edited by Douglas Cumming, Geoffrey Wood, Igor Filatotchev, and Juliane Reinecke. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754800.013.26.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter examines the questions that sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) pose for analysts of foreign policy insofar as their operating preferences could be either geostrategic, and seek to advance the interests of the home state, or economic, and seek to maximize profits. To sort through the related issues, the chapter considers “home” and “host” country issues with respect to the democratic features attached to each. It thus offers insight into the strengths and weaknesses of various foreign policy arguments that have been offered in the existing literature. Next, the chapter offers observations on attempts to coordinate the behavior of SWFs at the international level, chiefly the Santiago Principles. It concludes with the relationship between pooled investment vehicles and state power in foreign affairs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Phillips Williams, Zoe. The Political Economy of Investment Arbitration. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865940.001.0001.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The Political Economy of Investment Arbitration asks how political institutions and actors in the host state of an investment contribute to the emergence of investor–state disputes. Combining insights from international relations and political economy, it considers two opposing explanations for investor–state disputes: shifting state preferences towards foreign direct investment (FDI) and the lack of state capacity to maintain an investment-friendly environment. This book’s central conclusion is that democratic institutions in host states contribute to the emergence of investor–state disputes that end in international arbitration. Indeed, the book argues that at the heart of many investor–state disputes are highly politicized distributional conflicts involving a range of domestic interest groups. It is often pressure from these groups, whether through voting, protests, or lobbying, which motivates states to take the policy decisions that are subsequently subject to investors’ legal challenges. Thus, this book demonstrates that in the face of the potentially high costs posed by investment arbitration, governments continue to take measures which may harm investors in order to pursue specific policy goals. More importantly, these disputes are not only the result of corruption or weak rule of law but also of measures which are taken at the behest of broader interest groups and relate to clear public policy concerns. This has important implications for our normative assessment of the regime and is highly relevant to current debates in both international law and international political economy about the relationship between investment treaties and domestic politics.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Farrow, Roger. Insects of South-Eastern Australia. CSIRO Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486304752.

Full text
Abstract:
A walk in the bush reveals insects visiting flowers, patrolling the air, burrowing under bark and even biting your skin. Every insect has characteristic feeding preferences and behaviours. Insects of South-Eastern Australia is a unique field guide that uses host plants and behavioural attributes as the starting point for identifying insects. Richly illustrated with colour photographs, the different species of insects found in Australia’s temperate south-east, including plant feeders, predators, parasites and decomposers, are presented. &#x0D; The guide is complemented by an introduction to the insects of the region, including their environment, classification, life history, feeding strategies and behaviour. Fascinating boxes on camouflage, mimicry and many other topics are also included throughout. Whether you are a field naturalist, entomologist or just want to know what’s in your backyard, Insects of South-Eastern Australia will help you to identify the insects most likely to be encountered, as well as understand the basics of their ecology and behaviour. &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Recipient of a 2016 Whitley Award commendation for Illustrated Guide
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Koch, Susanne, and Peter Weingart. The Delusion of Knowledge Transfer: The Impact of Foreign Aid Experts on Policy-making in South Africa and Tanzania. African Minds, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781928331391.

Full text
Abstract:
With the rise of the knowledge for development paradigm, expert advice has become a prime instrument of foreign aid. At the same time, it has been object of repeated criticism: the chronic failure of technical assistance a notion under which advice is commonly subsumed has been documented in a host of studies. Nonetheless, international organisations continue to send advisors, promising to increase the effectiveness of expert support if their technocratic recommendations are taken up. This book reveals fundamental problems of expert advice in the context of aid that concern issues of power and legitimacy rather than merely flaws of implementation. Based on empirical evidence from South Africa and Tanzania, the authors show that aid-related advisory processes are inevitably obstructed by colliding interests, political pressures and hierarchical relations that impede knowledge transfer and mutual learning. As a result, recipient governments find themselves caught in a perpetual cycle of dependency, continuously advised by experts who convey the shifting paradigms and agendas of their respective donor governments. For young democracies, the persistent presence of external actors is hazardous: ultimately, it poses a threat to the legitimacy of their governments if their policy-making becomes more responsive to foreign demands than to the preferences and needs of their citizens.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Offer, Avner. Consumption and Well-Being. Edited by Frank Trentmann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561216.013.0034.

Full text
Abstract:
Consumption defines the standard of living – whether food is hot or cold, whether walls are dry or damp. It is the stuff of desires and dreams. It signals superiority, but also community. It drives policy and vexes scholars. But consumption is not consummation. Its purpose recedes even as it is being realized. If insatiability is the vortex at the heart of consumption, there are also other problems. In standard economic theory, consumers rank preferences in the present, but the most significant choices arise not between two immediate substitutes (say coffee or tea), but between the present and the future. This article opens with some standard assumptions about the benefits of consumption, and competing ones about its futility. It discusses the findings of social and behavioural research on consumption and well-being, the link between happiness and wealth, relative income, habituation, materialism, history and culture, advertising, myopia, narcissism, and individualism.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Damhuis, Koen. Roads to the Radical Right. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863632.001.0001.

Full text
Abstract:
Trump, Wilders, Salvini, Le Pen—during the last decades, radical right-wing leaders and their parties have become important political forces in most Western democracies. Their growing appeal raises an increasingly relevant question: who are the voters that support them and why do they do so? Numerous and variegated answers have been given to this question, inside as well as outside academia. Yet, curiously, despite their quantity and diversity, these existing explanations are often based on a similar assumption: that of homogeneous electorates. Consequently, the idea that different subgroups with different profiles and preferences might coexist within the constituencies of radical right-wing parties has thus far remained underdeveloped, both theoretically and empirically. This ground-breaking book is the first one that systematically investigates the heterogeneity of radical right-wing voters. Theoretically, it introduces the concept of electoral equifinality to come to grips with this diversity. Empirically, it relies on innovative statistical analyses and no less than 125 life-history interviews with voters in France and the Netherlands. Based on this unique material, the study identifies different roads to the radical right and compares them within a cross-national perspective. In addition, through an analysis of almost 1,400 tweets posted by Geert Wilders and Marine Le Pen, the book shows how the latter are able to appeal to different groups of voters. Taken together, the book thus provides a host of ground-breaking insights into the heterogeneous phenomenon of radical right support.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Host preference"

1

Jaenike, John. "Factors Maintaining Genetic Variation for Host Preference in Drosophila." In Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics of Drosophila. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8768-8_14.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Holkar, Somnath K., Pratibha Kaushal, and Sanjeev Kumar. "Host Preference by Evolving Insect Vectors in Relation to Infection of Plant Viruses." In The Phytopathogen. Apple Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315366135-10.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Scriber, J. Mark. "A new ‘Cold Pocket’ hypothesis to explain local host preference shifts in Papilio canadensis." In Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships. Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1720-0_71.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Hou, Min, and Lingyue Jiang. "The Impact of Host Emotional Expression on Consumer Preference for Self-improvement products in E-commerce Live Streaming." In Proceedings of the 2024 International Conference on Applied Economics, Management Science and Social Development (AEMSS 2024). Atlantis Press SARL, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-257-6_23.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Palla, Balázs, Yuan Yuan, Yu-Cheng Dai, and Viktor Papp. "Host Preferences of Pinus-dwelling Hymenochaetaceae." In Ecology of Macrofungi. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003429272-13.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Żbikowska, Elżbieta, and Anna Cichy. "Can Parasites Change Thermal Preferences of Hosts?" In Host Manipulations by Parasites and Viruses. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22936-2_5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Ye, Hongjun, Jan Watson, Amanda Sargent, Hasan Ayaz, and Rajneesh Suri. "Machine Usability Effects on Preferences for Hot Drinks." In Advances in Neuroergonomics and Cognitive Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94866-9_38.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

van Loon, Joop J. A., Tjarda C. Everaarts, and Renate C. Smallegange. "Associative learning in host-finding by female Pieris brassicae butterflies: relearning preferences." In Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1654-1_54.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Hirata, Akiko, Takashi Kamijo, and Satoshi Saito. "Host trait preferences and distribution of vascular epiphytes in a warm-temperate forest." In Forest Ecology. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2795-5_19.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Verhulst, Niels O., and Alazne Díez-Fernández. "5. Effect of host preferences of mosquitoes on disease transmission between wildlife and humans." In Ecology and Control of Vector-borne Diseases. Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-931-2_5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Host preference"

1

Ceylan, İsmail İlkan, Thomas Lukasiewicz, Rafael Peñaloza, and Oana Tifrea-Marciuska. "Query Answering in Ontologies under Preference Rankings." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/131.

Full text
Abstract:
We present an ontological framework, based on preference rankings, that allows users to express their preferences between the knowledge explicitly available in the ontology. Using this formalism, the answers for a given query to an ontology can be ranked by preference, allowing users to retrieve the most preferred answers only. We provide a host of complexity results for the main computational tasks in this framework, for the general case, and for EL and DL-Lite_core as underlying ontology languages.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Bush, Samantha J. "Patterns of host preference of the invasiveGlycaspis brimblecombeiMoore (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.110677.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Msangosoko, Kondwani R., Mark A. Boetel, Robert J. Dregseth, and Allen J. Schroeder. "OVIPOSITION PREFERENCE AND LARVAL HOST RANGE OF THE SUGARBEET ROOT MAGGOT." In 37th Biennial Meeting of American Society of Sugarbeet Technologist. ASSBT, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5274/assbt.2013.97.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Shogren, Christopher. "Host plant preference and performance ofKlambothrips myopori(Thysanoptera) in southern California." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.115758.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Razzak, Mohammad. "Host preference of melon thrips, Thrips palmiKarny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), to six vegetable crops." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.115438.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Chen, Yigen. "Nutritional role of host plants in adult feeding preference of two invasive wood borers." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94870.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Meng, Xiang. "Transcriptomic analysis reveals the molecular mechanism ofConopomorpha sinensisBradley (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) preference for host-plant." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.108185.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

A., Siti Sakinah, Mohamad Roff M. N., and A. B. Idris. "Effect of starvation on vein preference of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) on chilli as host plant." In THE 2014 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2014 Postgraduate Colloquium. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4895284.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Ajayi, Olufemi. "Host preference in parasitic phorid flies: Response ofPseudacteoncurvatusandP.obtususto venom alkaloids of native and importedSolenopsisfire ants." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.110868.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Sitthichaiyakul, Saruta. "Host-age preference ofTheocolax elegans (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a larval parasitoid of maize weevil,Sitophilus zeamaisMotschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.92923.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Host preference"

1

Zhao, Bingyu, Saul Burdman, Ronald Walcott, Tal Pupko, and Gregory Welbaum. Identifying pathogenic determinants of Acidovorax citrulli toward the control of bacterial fruit blotch of cucurbits. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598168.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
The specific objectives of this BARD proposal were: Use a comparative genomics approach to identify T3Es in group I, II and III strains of A. citrulli. Determine the bacterial genes contributing to host preference. Develop mutant strains that can be used for biological control of BFB. Background to the topic: Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) of cucurbits, caused by Acidovoraxcitrulli, is a devastating disease that affects watermelon (Citrulluslanatus) and melon (Cucumismelo) production worldwide, including both Israel and USA. Three major groups of A. citrullistrains have been classified based on their virulence on host plants, genetics and biochemical properties. The host selection could be one of the major factors that shape A. citrullivirulence. The differences in the repertoire of type III‐ secreted effectors (T3Es) among the three A. citrulligroups could play a major role in determining host preferential association. Currently, there are only 11 A. citrulliT3Es predicted by the annotation of the genome of the group II strain, AAC00‐1. We expect that new A. citrulliT3Es can be identified by a combination of bioinformatics and experimental approaches, which may help us to further define the relationship of T3Es and host preference of A. citrulli. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: Enriching the information on virulence and avirulence functions of T3Es will contribute to the understanding of basic aspects of A. citrulli‐cucurbit interactions. In the long term, it will contribute to the development of durable BFB resistance in commercial varieties. In the short term, identifying bacterial genes that contribute to virulence and host preference will allow the engineering of A. citrullimutants that can trigger SAR in a given host. If applied as seed treatments, these should significantly improve the effectiveness and efficacy of BFB management in melon and atermelon production.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Burdman, S., E. Welbaum, R. Walcott, and B. Zhao. erial fruit blotch, elucidating the mechanisms of fruit infection by Acidovorax citrulli. United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.8134162.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) of cucurbits is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Acidovorax citrulli. BFB affects cucurbit production worldwide, and mainly watermelon and melon. Most A. citrulli strains are divided into two genetically differentiated groups: while group I strains have been mainly associated with melon and other non-watermelon cucurbits, group II strains are more aggressive on watermelon. Like many Gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria, A. citrulli relies on a functional type III secretion system (T3SS) for pathogenicity. The T3SS is responsible for direct secretion of bacterial protein effectors to the host cell. Type III-secreted effectors (T3Es) contribute to virulence through manipulation of the host cell metabolism and suppression of plant defense. Our previous collaboration showed that group I and II strains significantly differ in their T3E arsenal (Eckshtain-Levi et al., Phytopathology 2014, 104:1152-1162). Using comparative genomics, we also showed that group I and II strains of A. citrulli have substantial differences in their genome content (Eckshtain-Levi et al., Front. Microbiol. 2016, 7:430). Our long-term goals are to identify the genetic determinants that contribute to virulence and host preferential association of the two major groups of A. citrulli, and to exploit these insights to develop effective BFB management strategies. We hypothesize that differences in the arsenal of T3Es, are greatly responsible for the differences in host preferential association between strains belonging to the two groups. The specific objectives of this project were: (1) to investigate the susceptibility of cucurbit species to group I and II strains under field conditions; (2) to assess the contribution of T3Es and other virulence factors to A. citrulli virulence and host preference; and (3) to characterize the mechanisms of action of selected T3Es of A. citrulli. In the frame of objective 1, we carried out three field experiments involving inoculation of several cucurbit crops (watermelon, melon, pumpkin and squash) with group I and II strains. Findings from these experiments confirmed that A. citrulli strains exhibit a preference for watermelon and melon. Moreover, we demonstrated, for the first time under field conditions, host-preferential association of group I and II strains to melon and watermelon, respectively. While host-preferential association was observed in leaves and in fruit tissues, it was more pronounced in the latter. In this part of the project we also developed a duplex PCR assay to differentiate between group I and II strains. In the frame of objective 2, we employed a multifaceted approach combining bioinformatics and experimental methods to elucidate the T3E arsenal of A. citrulli. These experiments led to discovery that A. citrulli strains possess large arsenals with more than 60 T3E genes. Remarkably, we found that ~15% of the T3E genes are group-specific. Advances were achieved on the contribution of selected T3E genes and other virulence determinants to the ability of A. citrulli to colonize the fruit and other tissues of melon and watermelon. Last, in the frame of objective 3, we advanced our understanding on the mode of action of few key T3Es of A. citrulli. We also optimized a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system for functional genomics in melon and watermelon. This system will allow us to test melon and watermelon genes that may have defense or susceptibility roles related to BFB disease. Overall, this collaboration substantially enriched our knowledge on basic aspects of BFB disease. We believe that the fruits of this collaboration will greatly contribute to our ultimate goal, which is generation of durable resistance of melon and watermelon to A. citrulli.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, et al. Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228464.

Full text
Abstract:
The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, a severe pest of Asian origin, has spread to Europe, North America and South America, causing significant damage to fruits, vegetables and nuts. Chemical control methods are often ineffective due to the high mobility, broad host range and resilience of the pest. Biological control, particularly using egg parasitoids, presents a promising long-term solution. The egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus is considered the most promising candidate for biological control, with adventive populations found in Europe and North America showing varying levels of impact on H. halys populations. Another egg parasitoid, Trissolcus mitsukurii, has also been detected in Europe and shows potential as a biological control agent. While these parasitoids are oligophagous and occasionally target non-H. halys species, their strong preference for H. halys makes them viable for biological control efforts. Ongoing introduction and redistribution efforts aim to enhance their impact on H. halys populations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Zanoni, Wladimir, Lina M. Díaz, Emily Díaz, Jorge Paredes, and Paloma Acevedo. Nudging the Agents: Does it Reduce Discrimination Against Migrants in the House Rental Market? Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005242.

Full text
Abstract:
This study examines the impact of a behavioral intervention on reducing discrimination against Venezuelan migrants in the screening of home rental applications conducted by Ecuadorian real estate agents (REAs). Given that Venezuelan migrants represent the second-largest migratory group globally, with over seven million individuals seeking refuge primarily in other Latin American countries, understanding and addressing discrimination against them is of significant importance. Our artifactual field experiment involved providing information to REAs that highlighted the extra efforts Venezuelan migrants must make to achieve the same goals as nonmigrants in host countries. The results demonstrated a meaningful increase of 33.67% in the preference for Venezuelan migrants over native applicants, with this effect mainly driven by changes in male REAs discriminatory behaviors. The findings suggest that challenging the information value of Venezuelan migrant stereotypes, which often underlie assumptions about their qualities, can effectively diminish discrimination during the rental application process. This research contributes valuable insights to the ongoing efforts to identify effective means to deal with discrimination against migrants.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Zchori-Fein, Einat, Judith K. Brown, and Nurit Katzir. Biocomplexity and Selective modulation of whitefly symbiotic composition. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7591733.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Whiteflies are sap-sucking insects that harbor obligatory symbiotic bacteria to fulfill their dietary needs, as well as a facultative microbial community with diverse bacterial species. The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a severe agricultural pest in many parts of the world. This speciesconsists of several biotypes that have been distinguished largely on the basis of biochemical or molecular diagnostics, but whose biological significance is still unclear. The original objectives of the project were (i) to identify the specific complement of prokaryotic endosymbionts associated with select, well-studied, biologically and phylogeographically representative biotypes of B. tabaci, and (ii) to attempt to 'cure’ select biotypes of certain symbionts to permit assessment of the affect of curing on whitefly fitness, gene flow, host plant preference, and virus transmission competency.To identify the diversity of bacterial community associated with a suite of phylogeographically-diverseB. tabaci, a total of 107 populations were screened using general Bacteria primers for the 16S rRNA encoding gene in a PCR. Sequence comparisons with the available databases revealed the presence of bacteria classified in the: Proteobacteria (66%), Firmicutes (25.70%), Actinobacteria (3.7%), Chlamydiae (2.75%) and Bacteroidetes (&lt;1%). Among previously identified bacteria, such as the primary symbiont Portiera aleyrodidarum, and the secondary symbionts Hamiltonella, Cardinium and Wolbachia, a Rickettsia sp. was detected for the first time in this insect family. The distribution, transmission, and localization of the Rickettsia were studied using PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Rickettsia was found in all 20 Israeli B. tabaci populations screened as well as some populations screened in the Arizona laboratory, but not in all individuals within each population. FISH analysis of B. tabaci eggs, nymphs and adults, revealed a unique concentration of Rickettsia around the gut and follicle cells as well as its random distribution in the haemolymph, but absence from the primary symbiont housing cells, the bacteriocytes. Rickettsia vertical transmission on the one hand and its partial within-population infection on the other suggest a phenotype that is advantageous under certain conditions but may be deleterious enough to prevent fixation under others.To test for the possible involvement of Wolbachia and Cardiniumin the reproductive isolation of different B. tabacibiotypes, reciprocal crosses were preformed among populations of the Cardinium-infected, Wolbachia-infected and uninfected populations. The crosses results demonstrated that phylogeographically divergent B. tabaci are reproductively competent and that cytoplasmic incompatibility inducer-bacteria (Wolbachia and Cardinium) both interfered with, and/or rescued CI induced by one another, effectively facilitating bidirectional female offspring production in the latter scenario.This knowledge has implications to multitrophic interactions, gene flow, speciation, fitness, natural enemy interactions, and possibly, host preference and virus transmission. Although extensive and creative attempts undertaken in both laboratories to cure whiteflies of non-primary symbionts have failed, our finding of naturally uninfected individuals have permitted the establishment of Rickettsia-, Wolbachia- and Cardinium-freeB. tabaci lines, which are been employed to address various biological questions, including determining the role of these bacteria in whitefly host biology.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Morin, Shai, Gregory Walker, Linda Walling, and Asaph Aharoni. Identifying Arabidopsis thaliana Defense Genes to Phloem-feeding Insects. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699836.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
The whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is a serious agricultural pest that afflicts a wide variety of ornamental and vegetable crop species. To enable survival on a great diversity of host plants, whiteflies must have the ability to avoid or detoxify numerous different plant defensive chemicals. Such toxins include a group of insect-deterrent molecules called glucosinolates (GSs), which also provide the pungent taste of Brassica vegetables such as radish and cabbage. In our BARD grant, we used the whitefly B. tabaci and Arabidopsis (a Brassica plant model) defense mutants and transgenic lines, to gain comprehensive understanding both on plant defense pathways against whiteflies and whitefly defense strategies against plants. Our major focus was on GSs. We produced transgenic Arabidopsis plants accumulating high levels of GSs. At the first step, we examined how exposure to high levels of GSs affects decision making and performance of whiteflies when provided plants with normal levels or high levels of GSs. Our major conclusions can be divided into three: (I) exposure to plants accumulating high levels of GSs, negatively affected the performance of both whitefly adult females and immature; (II) whitefly adult females are likely to be capable of sensing different levels of GSs in their host plants and are able to choose, for oviposition, the host plant on which their offspring survive and develop better (preference-performance relationship); (III) the dual presence of plants with normal levels and high levels of GSs, confused whitefly adult females, and led to difficulties in making a choice between the different host plants. These findings have an applicative perspective. Whiteflies are known as a serious pest of Brassica cropping systems. If the differences found here on adjacent small plants translate to field situations, intercropping with closely-related Brassica cultivars could negatively influence whitefly population build-up. At the second step, we characterized the defensive mechanisms whiteflies use to detoxify GSs and other plant toxins. We identified five detoxification genes, which can be considered as putative "key" general induced detoxifiers because their expression-levels responded to several unrelated plant toxic compounds. This knowledge is currently used (using new funding) to develop a new technology that will allow the production of pestresistant crops capable of protecting themselves from whiteflies by silencing insect detoxification genes without which successful host utilization can not occur. Finally, we made an effort to identify defense genes that deter whitefly performance, by infesting with whiteflies, wild-type and defense mutated Arabidopsis plants. The infested plants were used to construct deep-sequencing expression libraries. The 30- 50 million sequence reads per library, provide an unbiased and quantitative assessment of gene expression and contain sequences from both Arabidopsis and whiteflies. Therefore, the libraries give us sequence data that can be mined for both the plant and insect gene expression responses. An intensive analysis of these datasets is underway. We also conducted electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings of whiteflies feeding on Arabidopsis wild-type and defense mutant plants in order to determine the time-point and feeding behavior in which plant-defense genes are expressed. We are in the process of analyzing the recordings and calculating 125 feeding behavior parameters for each whitefly. From the analyses conducted so far we conclude that the Arabidopsis defense mutants do not affect adult feeding behavior in the same manner that they affect immatures development. Analysis of the immatures feeding behavior is not yet completed, but if it shows the same disconnect between feeding behavior data and developmental rate data, we would conclude that the differences in the defense mutants are due to a qualitative effect based on the chemical constituency of the phloem sap.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Gansner, David A., Owen W. Herrick, and Owen W. Herrick. Host Preferences of Gypsy Moth on a New Frontier of Infestation. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rn-330.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Gansner, David A., Owen W. Herrick, and Owen W. Herrick. Host Preferences of Gypsy Moth on a New Frontier of Infestation. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rn-330.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Tumen, Semih, and Joint Data Center on Forced Displacement. The impact of forced displacement on housing and urban settlement in host communities. Joint Data Center on Forced Displacement (JDC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47053/jdc.300922.

Full text
Abstract:
Findings in the literature suggest that the sudden and often massive nature of refugee inflows, combined with the fact that housing supply is mostly unresponsive in the short-term, has the potential to affect housing prices and generate substantial changes in housing preferences, neighborhood quality/amenities, mobility patterns of hosts, and attitudes toward refugees in receiving areas. The interaction between the location preferences of refugees and the actions taken by hosts in response to refugee inflows may lead to residential segregation, urban poverty, high economic inequality, and unsustainable cities in the long-term. Policy lessons suggest options like transforming camps (that may have become socioeconomically attractive locations) into sustainable settlements, utilizing voucher programs, and incentivizing government-financed housing solutions for refugees.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

on Forced Displacement, Joint Data Center. REFUGEE EMERGENCIES AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS REFUGEES: SOME INSIGHTS FROM THE ACADEMIC LITERATURE. Joint Data Center on Forced Displacement (JDC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47053/jdc.290422.

Full text
Abstract:
The conflict in Ukraine has generated a large inflow of refugees into European countries, with more than five million people having fled to neighboring countries. So far, the public response has been generally positive, with large shares of the European population being in favor of the policies implemented to host and support the Ukrainian refugees. In this note we look at the academic literature with the aim to: a) discuss which socioeconomic characteristics of the refugees are typically associated with positive or negative attitudes towards them; and, b) reflect on which policy measures can promote more inclusive and tolerant preferences. The evidence from the literature suggests that negative attitudes towards refugees can be widespread, but less so for those groups that are perceived to be in need of humanitarian help, are culturally closer to host communities, and more likely to contribute to the economies of the host country. Three policy measures to sustain a welcoming climate towards refugees emerge from the relevant literature: facilitate the interactions between host communities and those forcibly displaced; integrate the refugees into the society, including in the labor market; and provide simple, factual information about the refugees and their socioeconomic background.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Host preference' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography