Academic literature on the topic 'Ice pack application'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ice pack application"
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Mitchell, Douglas A., and Svetlana Shafrova. "Application of a free drift tactical ice forecast model in pack ice conditions." Cold Regions Science and Technology 156 (December 2018): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2018.02.002.
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Evgin, E., C. Zhan, and R. M. W. Frederking. "A Method to Calculate Pack Ice Driving Forces." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 117, no. 2 (1995): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2827065.
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A method is proposed to calculate pack ice driving forces. In order to develop the method, stress distributions in a circular ice floe are calculated for various boundary loading conditions. The analysis is carried out using a special-purpose finite element program in which Sinha’s creep equation is used to model the behavior of ice. Charts relating pack ice driving forces to stresses in the ice floe are produced for both linear elastic and creep equations for ice behavior. The results indicate that, for a short period of loading time and at low stress levels, a linear elastic analysis can be used to calculate the pack ice driving forces. However, when the stress levels in the ice floe are high or the time span of load application is long, linear and nonlinear analyses produce much different values for pack ice driving forces.
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Dykstra, Joseph H., Holly M. Hill, Michael G. Miller, Christopher C. Cheatham, Timothy J. Michael, and Robert J. Baker. "Comparisons of Cubed Ice, Crushed Ice, and Wetted Ice on Intramuscular and Surface Temperature Changes." Journal of Athletic Training 44, no. 2 (2009): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-44.2.136.
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Abstract Context: Many researchers have investigated the effectiveness of different types of cold application, including cold whirlpools, ice packs, and chemical packs. However, few have investigated the effectiveness of different types of ice used in ice packs, even though ice is one of the most common forms of cold application. Objective: To evaluate and compare the cooling effectiveness of ice packs made with cubed, crushed, and wetted ice on intramuscular and skin surface temperatures. Design: Repeated-measures counterbalanced design. Setting: Human performance research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twelve healthy participants (6 men, 6 women) with no history of musculoskeletal disease and no known preexisting inflammatory conditions or recent orthopaedic injuries to the lower extremities. Intervention(s): Ice packs made with cubed, crushed, or wetted ice were applied to a standardized area on the posterior aspect of the right gastrocnemius for 20 minutes. Each participant was given separate ice pack treatments, with at least 4 days between treatment sessions. Main Outcome Measure(s): Cutaneous and intramuscular (2 cm plus one-half skinfold measurement) temperatures of the right gastrocnemius were measured every 30 seconds during a 20-minute baseline period, a 20-minute treatment period, and a 120-minute recovery period. Results: Differences were observed among all treatments. Compared with the crushed-ice treatment, the cubed-ice and wetted-ice treatments produced lower surface and intramuscular temperatures. Wetted ice produced the greatest overall temperature change during treatment and recovery, and crushed ice produced the smallest change. Conclusions: As administered in our protocol, wetted ice was superior to cubed or crushed ice at reducing surface temperatures, whereas both cubed ice and wetted ice were superior to crushed ice at reducing intramuscular temperatures.
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Nurkusumaprama, Adya, Emmy Darmawati, and Y. Aris Purwanto. "Ice Gel Pack Application for Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotusostreatus)Distribution Packaging and Temporary Storage." Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian 02, no. 2 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.19028/jtep.02.2.141-148.
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Rotenberg, Brian W., Brandon Wickens, and Jason Parnes. "Intraoperative ice pack application for uvulopalatoplasty pain reduction: A randomized controlled trial." Laryngoscope 123, no. 2 (2012): 533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.23627.
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Sykes, J. F., and J. D. Miller-Cushon. "Adjoint sensitivity theory for a pack ice momentum model." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 29, no. 6 (1992): 881–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t92-100.
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The adjoint sensitivity method is applied to a pack ice motion model based on the solution of the two-dimensional momentum equations for a floating ice cover. The equations were solved using the Galerkin method of weighted residuals. Adjoint sensitivity theory is used to efficiently calculate the rate of change of a model performance measure with respect to any model parameter. The sensitivities are shown to be functions of the solution of the ice-motion model, called the primary problem, and the solution of an adjoint problem obtained from the primary problem through suitable transformation. Adjoint sensitivity theory is applied to both the continuum and discretized forms of the primary problem to generate corresponding adjoint and sensitivity equations. Single solutions of the primary equation and the adjoint form are sufficient to calculate total sensitivity with respect to any model parameter as well as showing the spatial variation of sensitivity contributions for a distributed parameter. Adjoint sensitivity theory may be more computationally efficient than sampling-based techniques. The application of the finite element forms of the primary problem and adjoint sensitivity calculations are demonstrated. Key words : ice mechanics, ice parameters, sensitivity theory, finite elements, adjoint method.
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Cheng, Sukun, Justin Stopa, Fabrice Ardhuin, and Hayley H. Shen. "Spectral attenuation of ocean waves in pack ice and its application in calibrating viscoelastic wave-in-ice models." Cryosphere 14, no. 6 (2020): 2053–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2053-2020.
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Abstract. We investigate a case of ocean waves through a pack ice cover captured by Sentinel-1A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) on 12 October 2015 in the Beaufort Sea. The study domain is 400 km by 300 km, adjacent to a marginal ice zone (MIZ). The wave spectra in this domain were reported in a previous study (Stopa et al., 2018b). In that study, the authors divided the domain into two regions delineated by the first appearance of leads (FAL) and reported a clear change of wave attenuation of the total energy between the two regions. In the present study, we use the same dataset to study the spectral attenuation in the domain. According to the quality of SAR-retrieved wave spectrum, we focus on a range of wave numbers corresponding to 9–15 s waves from the open-water dispersion relation. We first determine the apparent attenuation rates of each wave number by pairing the wave spectra from different locations. These attenuation rates slightly increase with increasing wave number before the FAL and become lower and more uniform against wave number in thicker ice after the FAL. The spectral attenuation due to the ice effect is then extracted from the measured apparent attenuation and used to calibrate two viscoelastic wave-in-ice models. For the Wang and Shen (2010b) model, the calibrated equivalent shear modulus and viscosity of the pack ice are roughly 1 order of magnitude greater than that in grease and pancake ice reported in Cheng et al. (2017). These parameters obtained for the extended Fox and Squire model are much greater, as found in Mosig et al. (2015) using data from the Antarctic MIZ. This study shows a promising way of using remote-sensing data with large spatial coverage to conduct model calibration for various types of ice cover.Highlights. Three key points: The spatial distribution of wave number and spectral attenuation in pack ice are analyzed from SAR-retrieved surface wave spectra. The spectral attenuation rate of 9–15 s waves varies around 10−5 m2 s−1, with lower values in thicker semicontinuous ice fields with leads. The calibrated viscoelastic parameters are greater than those found in pancake ice.
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de Souza Bosco Paiva, Caroline, Sonia Maria Junqueira Vasconcellos de Oliveira, Adriana Amorim Francisco, Renata Luana da Silva, Edilaine de Paula Batista Mendes, and Mary Steen. "Length of perineal pain relief after ice pack application: A quasi-experimental study." Women and Birth 29, no. 2 (2016): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2015.09.002.
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Keliher, T. E., and S. Venkatesh. "Modelling of Labrador Sea pack ice, with an application to estimating geostrophic currents." Cold Regions Science and Technology 13, no. 2 (1987): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-232x(87)90054-1.
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Aota, Masaaki, Masayuki Oi, Masao Ishikawa, and Hiroki Fukushi. "Detection of an Ice-Forming Area by Radar and Satellite." Annals of Glaciology 6 (1985): 252–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1985aog6-1-252-253.
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This paper describes a method of distinguishing between pack ice and sea clutter in radar echoes, an attempt to roughly estimate the thickness of sea ice from measurement of surface temperature by air-borne infrared radiometer, and an application of thermal images from satellite data to estimate the concentration of sea ice off the Okhotsk Sea coast of Hokkaido.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ice pack application"
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Orlandini, Jacque. "Die effek van krioterapie op die akute herstel van universiteit-netbalspelers se onderbeenspiere / Jacque Orlandini." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1829.
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In the last few years researchers have more and more focussed on the possible use of cryotherapy as an acute and long term recovery facilitating technique by sportsmen and women. Barnette (2006) did, however, state that research supporting cryotherapy as a recovery facilitating technique, is not convincing and that the majority of research show that it has a negative impact on the recovery of subjects after exercise. It is against this background that the aim of the study was firstly to critically analyse the available literature of the past fifteen years (1992-2007) with regard to the study subject; die nature of the cryotherapy technique that was used as well as the findings with regards to the effects of these types of techniques on a wide variety of physiological variables, physical and motor performance; secondly, to provide guidelines for the use of cryotherapy as a recovery facilitating technique and thirdly to determine the effect of cryotherapy on the acute recovery of University netball players' lower leg muscles in an isokinetic ankle exercise.
Firstly, it was shown that ice water immersion and ice pack application are the most common techniques that are used in cryotherapy studies. The results in the majority of articles indicated that cryotherapy had a non-significant acute effect on isokinetic, eccentric and concentric peak torque as well as time to reach peak torque and the angle at which the peak torque was reached; isometric, maximal and sub-maximal strength and accuracy of strength execution; normalized, average vertical ground reaction force as well as time of reaching peak power and vertical jump height; baseball pitching accuracy, proprioception, ankle joint range of movement, positioning and speed during execution of a movement; blood lactate removal and blood flow speed as well as muscle soreness after completion of an exercise. With regard to the long term effects of cryotherapy research showed that isotonic hand grip strength and endurance, plasma adrenaline, non-adrenaline, dopamine, renine, aldosterone, heart rate and blood pressure after 6 weeks; respiratory gas exchange ratio, heart rate, muscle glycogen concentration, plasma lactate, glucose and free fatty acids after 8 weeks or brachial artery cross-section and vascular endothelial growth factor after 4 weeks of exercise and cryotherapy did not experience any significant changes between the cryotherapy and control group. Other physical, motor performance and physiological variables did not show a certain trend with regards to the way they were affected by cryotherapy. In some cases variables were affected significantly negatively while the opposite was true in other cases where variables were significantly positively influenced.
With regard to the results of the study on the acute recovery of University netball players' lower leg muscles due to cryotherapy, it was found that the acute recovery of only four isokinetic variables were significantly influenced (p = 0.05) by cryotherapy, namely: left leg relative total dorsiflexion work, average peak dorsiflexion torque, right dorsiflexion and plantar flexion endurance. The acute recovery of the first mentioned strength endurance related variable was significantly negatively influenced by the cryotherapy. In contrast with this result the acute recovery of the three last mentioned isokinetic muscle relative peak torque and endurance related variables were significantly positively influenced by the cryotherapy.
The overall conclusion that can therefore be drawn from the above-mentioned results show that the majority of isokinetic plantar- and dorsiflexion torque variables (12 out of 16, 75%) as well as other physical, motor performance and physiological variables experience no significant effect with regards to acute and long term recovery due to cryotherapy.
The research did, however, show that the effectiveness of cryotherapy was influenced by the adiposity thickness, nature of the cryotherapy application, type of medium that was used for cryotherapy application and the length of time during which cryotherapy was applied. The recommendation for the use of cryotherapy as a recovery facilitating technique can be summarised as follows: the temperature of the cryotherapy medium that is used, must vary between 5°C and 10°C; the duration of cryotherapy between 15 and 20 minutes; the most general application area: for ice water immersion - immersed up until the level of the gluteal fold or crista ileac and the whole arm or forearm; for ice pack application - on the thigh, ankle and peripheral of the shoulder; the most common and effective ice pack application is direct on the skin surface by means of a bag filled with between 500 g and 1 500 g cubic formed ice. For long term use more that 2 consecutive days of cryotherapy application is recommended.<br>Thesis (M.A. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.
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Hung, I.-Chun, and 洪儀君. "The Ice Pack Application Short Effect of Lumbar Range of Motion, Trunk Muscle Strength, and Muscle Endurance Performance on Sacralized L5 Patients." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26659811928107873118.
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碩士<br>國立體育大學<br>運動科學研究所<br>98<br>PURPOSE: This research was designed to study on the ice pack application short effect on patients’ lumbar Range of Motion, Trunk muscle strength and muscle endurance. Patients with low back pain were caused by Sacralized L5 were selected by clinical diagnosis. METHOD: 24 subjects were conducted in this study. 12 subjects who have low back pain and were dignosed with Sacralized L5 as experimental group, other 12 healthy subjects who have similar ages, heights, and weights with experimental group as control group. Two groups had lumbar Range of Motion, Trunk muscle strength amd muscle endurance measurements as pretest. All subjects then give 20 minutes ice pack application on lumbar area. When subjects had reported a mederate temperture recovery, a post test would be processed. RESULT&DISCUSSION: Repeated ANOVA measurements revealed experimental group had poor lumbar Range of Motion (flexion/ extension/ lateral bending) before ice pack application. It was significant on lumbar flexion movement. After ice pack application, experimental group lumbar Range of Motion had some improvement, and it was significant different on flexion. On Trunk muscle strength and endurance performance, control group had a significant difference on pretest and post test. The only significant different was in flexion on experimental group, and it might be related to anesthetic effect of ice. Trunk muscle strength and endurance performance had some enhancement but it was not significant. The insufficiency of muscle strength and endurance may need a period of regular muscular training to enhence its quality. CONCLUSION & SUGGESTION: Low back pain patients with Sacralized L5 have poorer lumbar Range of motion , Trunk muscle strength and muscle endurance than healthy people. Ice pack application can temporarily benefit Sacralized L5 patients on lumbar Range of Motion and muscle fitness. By muscular or flexability training, it might decrease the low back pain on Sacralized L5 patients and their active daily living function.
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HUANG, SHUN-FA, and 黃順發. "Application of ICT Technology in The Safety Control of Science Park." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n82357.
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碩士<br>東海大學<br>高階經營管理碩士在職專班<br>107<br>In recent years, the technological development of artificial intelligence has become more and more mature. Although the development of technology has been carried out very early, it is limited by the hardware performance of the year. It is still facing great difficulties to achieve practical application. The rapid development of display card GPUs has accelerated the learning efficiency of artificial intelligence and made the development of artificial intelligence surpass the past.
Therefore, the Ministry of Science and Technology has also listed the artificial application of artificial intelligence and human resources as the focus of the year. With the cooperation of the industry and government departments, the foundation for future development will be strengthened.
In order to strengthen the safety management of the Science Park, the purpose of this research is to explore and use ICT technology to create an integrated information platform. This platform combines various sensors and uses various data generated by sensors to monitor and manage the Science park. We expect the analysis can improve the shortcomings of the past and reduce the waste caused by repeated investment.
The integrated information platform can be used to improve the overall security control of the science park.
It is used to monitor the status of the science park.The platform is based on the geographic information system and combines the various chemical management processes of the manufacturer to manage it.From flow jobs to visual applications, all paper information is converted to digital, and the cross-platform nature of the system allows users to access data on different devices.
When a disaster occurs, the system can provide the information needed by disaster relief personnel in a short period of time, which can greatly improve the shortcomings of past disaster relief and save a lot of valuable time as well as deduction loss of property.
Books on the topic "Ice pack application"
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Abhishek, Abhishek, and Michael Doherty. Treatment of calcium pyrophosphate deposition. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0052.
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The treatment of calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPPD) is mainly symptomatic. Acute calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystal synovitis should be treated with rest, local application of ice packs, joint aspiration, and/or intra-articular corticosteroid injection (once joint sepsis has been excluded). Oral colchicine or prednisolone may be used if joint aspiration and/or injection are not feasible. Anti-inflammatory agents (with proton pump inhibitors) may be used but in general these should be avoided as most patients with acute CPP crystal arthritis are elderly, and at a high risk of gastrointestinal and renal complication of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs). Principles of management of CPPD with osteoarthritis (OA) are identical to those for isolated OA. However, patients may have more inflammatory signs and symptoms and periodic joint aspiration and corticosteroid injection may be required more often than in isolated OA. Oral NSAIDs (with gastro-protection), colchicine, low-dose corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, and radiosynovectomy have been suggested as options for the treatment of chronic CPP crystal arthritis. There is growing interest in use of anti-interleukin-1 agents for acute or chronic CPP crystal arthritis but the efficacy of these agents has not been formally studied, and their use should be considered on an individual basis.
Book chapters on the topic "Ice pack application"
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Sakizloglou, Lucas, Matthias Barkowsky, and Holger Giese. "Keeping Pace with the History of Evolving Runtime Models." In Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71500-7_13.
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AbstractStructural runtime models provide a snapshot of the constituents of a system and their state. Capturing the history of runtime models, i.e., previous snapshots, has been shown to be useful for a number of aims. Handling, however, history at runtime poses important challenges to tool support. We present the InTempo tool which is based on the Eclipse Modeling Framework and encodes runtime models as graphs. Key features of InTempo, such as, the integration of temporal requirements into graph queries, the in-memory storage of the model, and a systematic method to contain the model’s memory consumption, intend to address issues which seemingly place limitations on the available tool support. InTempo offers two operation modes which support both runtime and postmortem application scenarios.
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Yadav, Sanjeev Kumar, Akhil Khare, and Kavita Choudhary. "A Process Framework to Migrate Legacy Application to Cloud." In Industrial Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2803-7.ch012.
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An enterprise has a challenge in keeping pace with the quickly evolving technology. The biggest challenge comes in terms of legacy application migration to technologies like cloud. Legacy application migration should be well thought out at the very start (i.e., pre-migration and supported by migration framework). In this chapter, the author proposes a legacy application migration framework with a focus on pre-migration area. A robust technical and business analysis of existing/legacy applications, based on the enterprise's focus parameters, during pre-migration sets the migration path for subsequent area of framework. The proposed pre-migration mathematical assessment helps an enterprise to understand a legacy application's current state and also helps in unearthing the information with respect to candidate application and helps in taking well-informed decisions like GO or NO-GO w.r.t legacy application migration. Considering application migration a journey, it is important that it reaches its destination, so pre-migration is an important area of the migration journey.
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Abubotain, Faisal, and Petros Chamakiotis. "FinTech in the Saudi Context." In Research Anthology on Concepts, Applications, and Challenges of FinTech. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8546-7.ch007.
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With the constant development in FinTech globally, Saudi Arabia is a late arrival in the FinTech world. However, the FinTech growth pace in Saudi is fast and not slowing down. This fast pace is confusing stakeholders, including bankers. This chapter unpacks how FinTech is developing in Saudi Arabia, considers the challenges and opportunities that FinTech may be facing in Saudi, and discusses how these changes may affect current bankers and how future bankers can be ready to enter the new market. The study draws on interviews with professionals in the banking and FinTech industries and makes two contributions: It suggests that FinTech is affecting retail and long-tail clients of banks (i.e., the effect on core banking operations, such as corporate banking and treasury). Findings also highlight that professionals should upgrade their knowledge around matters necessary to retain their jobs in the sector. The study has implications for future bankers (i.e., university students), suggesting that university curricula should be updated to include relevant knowledge and professional placements.
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Holland, Janet, and Marcus Childress. "Conversation Theory Conceptualized in E-Learning Environments." In Handbook of Conversation Design for Instructional Applications. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-597-9.ch006.
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This chapter examines Gordon Pask’s Conversation Theory, comparing his approach to the current literature about the growing field of E-learning as a vital component for knowledge acquisition. For this chapter, conversation and dialogue are simply defined as an exchange of information between students and instructors. This exchange can be informal like a conversation or more formal like a dialogue (Merriam-Webster’s, 1974). Pask developed his Conversation Theory based primarily on an exchange of information between a human and an artificial intelligence, i.e. a computer
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Costin, Yvonne. "ICT as an Enabler for Small Firm Growth." In Regional Development. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0882-5.ch602.
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The advancing pace of women’s entrepreneurial activity across the globe is a promising trend to fuel economic development and social progress (Fitzsimons & O’Gorman, 2005). Analysis of the reasons why women start a new business, the choice of product/service, and industry sector highlight the home-based female entrepreneur. These entrepreneurs constitutes a segment referred to as the mompreneurs—mothers who establish a business operated from home. Thus, although mompreneurs gain benefits of operating their business from home, they also experience additional challenges. One such issue is their dependence on ICT. To succeed and grow, mompreneurs’ businesses must use ICT as a backbone for the business in an integrated manner. In this article, the author examines the adoption and application of ICT in the mompreneur business, as well as the challenges encountered in its effective use. A specific emphasis is placed on the issue of ICT and its use by the mompreneur in undertaking business transactions and as a means of facilitating small firm growth.
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Gitsaki, Christina, and Abbad Alabbad. "ICT Integration in Post-Secondary English Teaching and Learning." In Information Systems Applications in the Arab Education Sector. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1984-5.ch013.
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The positive effects of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) have been widely acknowledged in the body of literature. While the majority of studies concern the use of CALL in the West, there is a dearth of research on the use of CALL in the Middle East and in particular in the Arabian Gulf where the English language plays a prominent role and being able to speak English is the passport to attending higher education and gaining employment. This chapter documents two case studies in higher education institutions in the Gulf, one in Saudi Arabia and one in the United Arab Emirates. The studies show how the use of CALL positively affected Arab students’ language skills and their attitudes towards learning English with technology, paving the way for further research in the Arabian higher education context, where the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for teaching and learning is gaining ground at a fast pace.
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Alqahtani, Abdullah Saleh, Robert Goodwin, and Denise de Vries. "Structural Equation Modelling of the Factors Influencing the Adoption of E-Commerce in Saudi Arabia." In Research Anthology on E-Commerce Adoption, Models, and Applications for Modern Business. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8957-1.ch030.
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This article presents findings from a study examining the diffusion and adoption of e-commerce in Saudi Arabia. Although the country has the largest and fastest growing information and communication technologies (ICT) sector in the Arab region, growth in e-commerce activities has not progressed at a commensurate rate. In general, e-commerce online shopping has not kept pace with the global growth of online retailing. The authors have conducted research to identify and explore key issues that influence e-commerce in Saudi Arabia in deciding whether or not to adopt online channels. As part of a larger research project using mixed methods, this article focuses on a quantitative analysis of responses obtained from a survey of the online shopping users in Saudi Arabia.
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Brosens, Jacques, Funmi Adebesin, and Rendani Kruger. "In the Eye of the Beholder." In Handbook of Research on Diverse Teaching Strategies for the Technology-Rich Classroom. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0238-9.ch019.
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As the use of information and communication technology (ICT) solutions become more embedded in our everyday lives, ICT graduates are required to design and develop solutions that are not only easy to use, but evoke overall positive user experiences. The incorporation of human-computer interaction (HCI) principles, such as user-centered design (UCD), usability, and user experience (UX) into the design of ICT solutions can positively influence the success of deployed solutions. However, developers of ICT solutions, especially those from developing countries, have been slow to apply these principles in their development practices. Some of the reasons for this slow pace include lack of experienced practitioners due to limited number of universities offering HCI courses, especially in African countries, lack of consensus on the measures of UCD effectiveness, and little appreciation of the benefits of incorporating these design principles into development processes. This challenge is compounded by ineffective teaching strategies, in situations where HCI courses are taught. The application of an experiential learning strategy can go a long way in addressing the gap between the concepts of HCI, UX, and UCD that is taught in the classroom and their application by ICT graduates in the work environment. In this chapter, the authors describe how they incorporate eye tracking technology in an HCI course that forms part of a postgraduate informatics degree. The focus is on an eye tracking assignment that involves student groups performing usability evaluation studies for real-world clients. They posit that eye tracking is a powerful technology to convince students of the importance of user centered design. They conducted a survey amongst HCI students and analyzed student course evaluation results over a period of 3 years. The findings confirm that students regard the eye tracking assignment as a mind-altering experience and that it is potentially an effective technology for convincing future ICT professionals of the importance of usability, UX, and UCD.
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Shetty, Adithi, and B. Suresh Kumar Shetty. "Obstetric Markers as a Diagnostic Forensic Tool." In Forensic Analysis [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97670.
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The field of Forensic diagnostics is evolving very rapidly keeping in pace with the emerging technology in the various fields. Several biomarkers up to the molecular level have been discovered which aid in solving cases. Pregnancy diagnosis from traces of blood could aid in solving cases of finding a missing pregnant lady or illegal abortions. But the challenge posed could possibly be the minimal amount of blood obtained for diagnosis. Here comes in the role of RT PCR diagnosing mRNA which is pregnancy specific, i.e., for hPL and beta hCG. The additional advantage would be that a small quantity suffices. Even if the blood stain is dried and degraded, the detection rate is good. This could add weightage to the investigation as a vital clue or change the course of investigation. The other areas of application of obstetric biomarkers are sexual assault, maternal substance abuse and paternity testing.
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Navaroj, G. Indra, and E. Golden Julie. "Smart Parking in Smart Cities Using Secure IoT." In Handbook of Research on Implementation and Deployment of IoT Projects in Smart Cities. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9199-3.ch011.
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The city is transforming into the smart city using information and communication technology (ICT), and the major role in economic development is building an infrastructure to enable greater connectivity between citizen service, energy, economics, and government. A smart city can monitor the real-world scenario in real time and support the intelligent services to both locals and travelers. Due to urbanization, people move from village to city. Increase the population in city also causes an increase in vehicles. Here, parking the vehicle securely is a challenging problem. In a smart parking system, all the devices are connected to the internet. Hackers and third parties easily access the user data or sensitive data. Smart parking system application controls the traffic, air pollution, and city functions making it easy to park the vehicle and reduce accidents. Many of the problems arise in the security and privacy of the sensitive data. In this chapter, the authors discuss security and privacy issues in smart parking systems using IoT.
Conference papers on the topic "Ice pack application"
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Goncharov, Vadim K., Ekaterina S. Zueva, and Natalia Yu Klementieva. "Interaction of Vessel with Channel under Navigation among Small Ice Floes." In SNAME 5th World Maritime Technology Conference. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/wmtc-2015-188.
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For maintenance of navigation during wintertime in Arctic seas, icebreakers create the wide channels in the fast ice cover or pack ice cover at water areas near to ports with intensive vessel traffic. Within such wide channels cargo ships and tankers can move in both directions independently without icebreaker pilotage among small ice floes. Because the cross-sectional dimension of the channel is restricted, the ships are forced to displace from the center and move on a close distance between their board and border of channel. The space between ship hull and borders is filled by small ice floes, and its concentration near the starboard and portside differs. The ice resistance on each board also differs. Therefore, side force and yawing moment arise that are able to cause the collision with the channel border. This paper contains the detailed problem definition and the main points of the mathematical model of vessel interaction with the channel border. As an example of model application possibilities, the simulation of loads on the hull of the vessel was performed. Outcomes of the investigation are dependent upon the side force and yawing moment on the distance from the channel border and ice conditions.
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Anaya, Jonathan Mikler, Santiago Camacho Calderon, Andrew Bradley, and Andres Gonzalez-Mancera. "Multibody Simulation of an Electric Go-Kart: Influence of Power-Train’s Weight Distribution on Dynamic Performance." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98112.
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Abstract A multibody model of an electric go-kart was developed in Msc-Adams Car software to simulate the vehicle’s dynamic performance. In contrast to an ICE kart, its electric counterpart bares an extra weight load accounted for the batteries and other powertrain components. The model is inspired on a prototype vehicle developed at Universidad de los Andes. The prototype was built on top of an ICE frame where a PMAC motor, controller, battery pack and the subsequent powertrain components were installed. A petrol-based Go-kart weight distribution was defined as baseline and several variants of the electric adaptation with different weight distributions were constructed. The main objective of the model is to evaluate different configurations and identify the ones that can give performance advantages. Step steer simulations ran at 40 km/h (64 mph) were analyzed to assess the dynamic performance of the vehicle for different configuration of the battery bank placement. For most iterations of powertrain location, considerable differences in dynamic response were obtained and the handling balance was identified as Understeer contrary to a priori thoughs. Understeer gradient, weight distribution for both axles, trajectory among other results of interest were observed in the simulations. The model allowed to showcase the effect of redistribution of weight on the dynamic behavior in this specific application. Among the main consequences lies the fact that battery distribution can affect the lifting of the internal rear tire and the detriment in turning effectiveness.
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Bakhshi, Shashwat, Prahit Dubey, A. K. Srouji, and Zenan Wu. "Comparison of Different Liquid Cooling Configurations for Effective Thermal Management of Li-Ion Pouch Cell for Automotive Applications." In ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2020-9050.
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Abstract An effective cooling mechanism is the backbone of a good automotive battery thermal management system (BTMS). In addition to prevention of extreme events such as thermal runaway, an automotive BTMS must be able to efficiently tackle aggressive environmental temperatures, and/or discharge and charge conditions during electric vehicle operation. Moreover, electrical performance and cycle life of the battery modules and packs are closely tied to the battery temperatures and thermal gradients, which increase with increase in C-Rates. In order to keep the battery temperatures to be under the operational temperature limit, it is crucial that the selected cooling mechanism provides efficient transport of the heat generated by the battery modules and packs to the cooling media under all discharge and charge conditions. Owing to its efficient thermal performance, liquid cooling is preferred by most electric vehicle manufacturers for battery thermal management. This usually incorporates battery modules exchanging heat with a flowing coolant via cold plate or cooling channels during operation. The current work aims to investigate different liquid cooling configurations and compare their relative thermal performance during operation of a high energy density Pouch Cell. The four configurations selected for this comparison are (1) Face cooling, (2) Single-Sided cooling, (3) Double-Sided cooling, and (4) a Hybrid cooling configuration. Test setups comprising of a commercially available 9 A-h NMC Pouch cell, cold plates, pump, heat exchanger, refrigeration cooling unit, and thermal sensors are built for the above four cooling configurations. During the tests, the selected cell is discharged at different discharge rates (C-Rates), i.e., 3C, 4C, and 5C. The overall cell temperatures and thermal gradient across the cell are measured using T-type thermocouples for the four cooling configurations. In order to capture the thermal gradient across the Pouch cell accurately, several thermocouples on the face of the cell are installed using a thermal interface material. Results show the superiority of Face cooling configuration in terms of overall thermal performance under all considered test conditions. Lowest cell temperatures and thermal gradients across the cell are observed for the Face cooling configuration, while highest temperatures and thermal gradients are observed for the Single-Sided cooling configuration. Much improved thermal performance is also observed in the case of the Hybrid cooling configuration as compared to the Single and Double-Sided cooling configurations. As implementation of the Face cooling configuration at the battery pack level may result in higher weight and cost of the battery pack, owing to its good thermal performance and straightforward scaling to battery pack level, the proposed hybrid liquid cooling mechanism provides a viable alternative to Face cooling for battery thermal management.
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Chang, David, I.-tao Liao, Jenq-kuen Lee, Wen-feng Chen, Shau-yin Tseng, and Chein-wei Jen. "PAC DSP Core and Application Processors." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icme.2006.262455.
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Ferrarese, Andre, Daniel López Martínez, and Markus Keuerleber. "Steel Ring Pack for High Speed Large Bore Applications." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81115.
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The continuous focus on improving engine efficiency and fulfilling new emissions legislations in high speed large bore (HSLB) applications is demanding higher performance of cylinder power cell. Regarding piston rings, this can be translated into the need for increased wear and scuff resistance in conjunction with low friction. However, there is no room to jeopardize the engine performance in terms of lube oil control and combustion gas sealing (i.e. blow-by). The reduction in ring friction is linked with three main factors: reduction of ring tangential load, reduction of ring axial width and use of low friction coefficient materials. To enable load and axial width reduction the use of a steel ring pack becomes almost mandatory. The structural strength of steel is needed in the narrower cross-section which at the same time requires good resistance to temperature and loads. For better wear resistance and lower friction coefficient the use of improved materials is important on all three rings in the pack. The improved performance of nitriding treatment and CrN PVD coatings will be presented. Results indicate a potential ring friction reduction of more than 30% combined with wear improvements of up to 50% depending on the engine operation. Evaluations of rig and engine tests are presented supporting the technical case.
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Schwarz, H., J. Friedrichs, and J. Flegler. "Design Parameters of Brush Seals and Their Impact on Seal Performance." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68956.
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Brush seals, which were originally designed for gas turbine applications, have been successfully applied to large-scale steam turbines within the past decade. From gas turbine applications, the fundamental behavior and designing levers are known. However, the application of brush seals to a steam turbine is still a challenge. This challenge is mainly due to the extreme load on the brush seal while operating under steam. Furthermore, it is difficult to test brush seals under realistic conditions, i.e. under live steam conditions with high pressure drops. Due to these insufficiencies, 2 test rigs were developed at the University of Technology Braunschweig, Germany. The first test rig is operated under pressurized air and allows testing specific brush seal characteristics concerning their general behavior. The knowledge gained from these tests can be validated in the second test rig, which is operated under steam at pressure drops of 45 bar and temperatures up to 450 °C. Using both the air test rig and the steam test rig helps keep the testing effort comparably small. Design variants can be pre-tested with air, and promising brush seal designs can consequently be tested in the steam seal test rig. The paper focuses on a clamped brush seal design which, amongst others, is used in steam turbine blade paths and shaft seals of current Siemens turbines. The consequences of the brush assembly on the brush appearance and brush performance are shown. The clamped brush seal design reveals several particularities compared to welded brushes. It could be shown that the clamped bristle pack tends to gape when clamping forces rise. Gapping results in an axially expanding bristle pack, where the bristle density per unit area and the leakage flow vary. Furthermore, the brush elements are usually assembled with an axial lay angle, i.e. the bristles are reclined against the backing plate. Hence, the axial lay angle is also part of the investigation.
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Boretti, Alberto. "Series BEV with a Small Battery Pack and High-Efficiency ICE Onboard Electricity Production: B-Class, High-Roof Hatchback and Le Mans Hypercar Applications." In SAE Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting. SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-2250.
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Bidkar, Rahul A., Xiaoqing Zheng, Mehmet Demiroglu, and Norman Turnquist. "Stiffness Measurement for Pressure-Loaded Brush Seals." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45399.
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Brush seals are widely used as flexible seals for rotor-stator and stator-stator gaps in power generation turbo-machinery like steam turbines, gas turbines, generators and aircraft engines. Understanding the force interactions between a brush seal bristle pack and the rotor is important for avoiding overheating and rotor dynamic instabilities caused by excessive brush seal forces. Brush seal stiffness (i.e. brush seal force per unit circumferential length per unit incursion of the rotor) is usually measured and characterized at atmospheric pressure conditions. However, the inter-bristle forces, the blow-down forces and the friction forces between the backplate and the bristle pack change in the presence of a pressure loading, thereby changing the stiffness of the brush seal in the presence of this pressure loading. Furthermore, brush seals exhibit different hysteresis behavior under different pressure loading conditions. Understanding the increased brush seal stiffness and the increased hysteresis behavior of brush seals in the presence of a pressure loading is important for designing brush seals for higher pressure applications. In this article, we present the development of a test fixture for measuring the stiffness of brush seals subjected to a pressure loading. The fixture allows for measurement of the bristle pack forces in the presence of a pressure loading on the seal while the rotor is incrementally pushed (radially) into the bristle pack. Following the development of this test fixture, we present representative test results on three sample seals to show the trends in brush seal stiffness as the pressure loading is increased. Specifically, we study the effect of different brush seal design parameters on the stiffness of brush seals over a wide range of pressure loadings. These test data can be used for developing predictive models for brush seal stiffness under pressure loading. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility of this fixture in studying the hysteresis exhibited by brush seals along with the importance of the backplate pressure balance feature present in several brush seal designs. The test results validate the bilinear force-displacement curves previously reported in the literature.
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Kalra, M., M. Bahrami, and C. J. Sparrey. "Effect of Geometry and Blood Flow in Cooling of Upper Leg." In ASME 2013 Conference on Frontiers in Medical Devices: Applications of Computer Modeling and Simulation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fmd2013-16089.
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Systemic hypothermia has been shown to reduce neurological damage in post-cardiac arrest patients. Reducing a patient’s core temperature to 33°C over a period of 24 to 48 hours has been shown to reduce long-term neurological damage by 16% and mortality by 14% [1]. Hypothermia is frequently induced by surface cooling, either with medical devices that circulate coolant in a pad, or ice packs. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the thermal response of tissue to localized cooling. Current thermal models are designed for determining human comfort and have not been evaluated for the targeted low temperatures required for inducing hypothermia. Metabolic heat generation and tissue perfusion rate can significantly change under low temperature, which in turn affects the overall heat flux and cooling rates.
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Trinkl, Christoph, Wilfried Zo¨rner, and Vic Hanby. "A Domestic Solar/Heat Pump Heating System Incorporating Latent and Stratified Thermal Storage." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54285.
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Both solar and heat pump heating systems are innovative technologies for sustaining ecological heat generation. They are gaining more and more importance due to the accelerating pace of climate change and the rising cost of limited fossil resources. Against this background, a heating system combining solar thermal collectors, heat pump, stratified thermal storage and water/ice latent heat storage has been investigated. The major advantages of the proposed solar/heat pump heating system are considered to be its flexible application (suitable for new and existing buildings because of acceptable space demand) as well as the improvement of solar fraction (extended solar collector utilisation time, enhanced collector efficiency), i.e. the reduction of electric energy demand for the heat pump. In order to investigate and optimise the heating system, a dynamic system simulation model was developed. On this basis, a fundamental control strategy was derived for the overall coordination of the heating system with particular regard to the performance of the two storage tanks. In a simulation study, a fundamental investigation of the heating system configuration was carried out and optimisation derived for the system control as well as the selection of components and their dimensioning. The influence of different parameters on the system performance was identified, where the collector area and the latent heat storage volume were found to be the predominant parameters for system dimensioning. For a modern one-family house, a solar collector area of 30m2 and a latent heat store volume of 12.5m3 are proposed. In this configuration, the heating system reaches a seasonal performance factor of 4.6, meaning that 78% of the building’s and users’ heat demand are delivered by solar energy. The results show that the solar/heat pump heating system can give an acceptable performance using up-to-date components in a state-of-the-art building.