Journal articles: 'Impression II (Computer programs)'

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Kumar, Sanjeev, R. Bansal, A. Khare, KPS Malik, VK Malik, K. Jain, and C. Jain. "Conjunctival impression cytology in computer users." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 5, no. 1 (March 25, 2013): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7819.

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Introduction:It is known that the computer users develop the features of dry eye. Objective: To study the cytological changes in the conjunctiva using conjunctival impression cytology in computer users and a control group. Materials and methods: Fifteen eyes of computer users who had used computers for more than one year and ten eyes of an age-and-sex matched control group (those who had not used computers) were studied by conjunctival impression cytology. Results: Conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) results in the control group were of stage 0 and stage I while the computer user group showed CIC results between stages II to stage IV. Among the computer users, the majority ( > 90 %) showed stage III and stage IV changes. Conclusion: We found that those who used computers daily for long hours developed more CIC changes than those who worked at the computer for a shorter daily duration. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(9):33-37 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7819

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FELLEISEN, MATTHIAS, ROBERT BRUCE FINDLER, MATTHEW FLATT, and SHRIRAM KRISHNAMURTHI. "The structure and interpretation of the computer science curriculum." Journal of Functional Programming 14, no. 4 (June 7, 2004): 365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796804005076.

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Twenty years ago Abelson and Sussman's Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs radically changed the intellectual landscape of introductory computing courses. Instead of teaching some currently fashionable programming language, it employed Scheme and functional programming to teach important ideas. Introductory courses based on the book showed up around the world and made Scheme and functional programming popular. Unfortunately, these courses quickly disappeared again due to shortcomings of the book and the whimsies of Scheme. Worse, the experiment left people with a bad impression of Scheme and functional programming in general. In this pearl, we propose an alternative role for functional programming in the first-year curriculum. Specifically, we present a framework for discussing the first-year curriculum and, based on it, the design rationale for our book and course, dubbed How to Design Programs. The approach emphasizes the systematic design of programs. Experience shows that it works extremely well as a preparation for a course on object-oriented programming.

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Bass, Leonard J. "A generalized user interface for applications programs (II)." Communications of the ACM 28, no. 6 (June 1985): 617–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3812.3816.

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Hedley, Carolyn N. "WHAT'S NEW IN SOFTWARE? COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR THE SOCIAL SKILLS —; II." Journal of Reading, Writing, and Learning Disabilities International 3, no. 3 (January 1987): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0748763870030307.

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Harrop, John W., and Wayne F. Velicer. "Computer Programs for Interrupted Time Series Analysis: II A Quantitative Evaluation." Multivariate Behavioral Research 25, no. 2 (April 1990): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2502_13.

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Zhao, Yu, Feng Dai, Madan M. Gupta, and Wenjun Zhang. "Ontology Modeling for Intelligent Computer-Aided Design of Apparel Products." International Journal of Automation Technology 10, no. 2 (March 4, 2016): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2016.p0144.

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This paper presents a study developing a model of the ontology of an apparel product and the design thereof. Here, “ontology” means the concepts and relationships between them for apparel and apparel design; ontology models are also called conceptual models. To the best of our knowledge, such a model has not yet been made in the literature of apparel and apparel design. A conceptual model is a foundation for (1) effective human-human communication and collaboration, (2) facilitating the communication among different computer programs for computer-aided design (CAD) of apparel products, and (3) facilitating human-computer interactions necessary to design an apparel product. The conceptual model developed completely captures the semantics of apparel and design, including the 2D pattern and 3D apparel product. An example is presented, providing an impression of the usefulness of this model.

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Shen, Yi-Dong. "Verifying local stratifiability of logic programs and databases II." New Generation Computing 14, no. 3 (September 1996): 317–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03037486.

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Leivant, Daniel. "Intrinsic reasoning about functional programs II: unipolar induction and primitive-recursion." Theoretical Computer Science 318, no. 1-2 (June 2004): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2003.11.002.

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Anderson, Ch E., P. A. Cox, G. R. Johnson, and P. J. Maudlin. "A constitutive formulation for anisotropic materials suitable for wave propagation computer programs—II." Computational Mechanics 15, no. 3 (December 1994): 201–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00375030.

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Ki, S. W., A. K. L. Leung, and A. N. M. Li. "Comparison of plantar pressure distribution patterns between foot orthoses provided by the CAD-CAM and foam impression methods." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 32, no. 3 (January 2008): 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03093640802016159.

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Foot orthotic treatment is one of the major conservative methods used to handle foot problems. Total plantar contact foot orthoses are used to reduce and redistribute peak pressures. For the fabrication of a total plantar contact foot orthosis, the computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) method has been applied. In this study, the plantar foot-orthosis interface pressure data during walking were collected by the Novel Pedar-mobile in-shoe plantar pressure measuring system. The data were collected under three conditions: (i) Flat insole, (ii) foot orthosis provided by the CAD-CAM method, and (iii) foot orthosis provided by the foam impression method. The Swiss Comfort CAD-CAM foot orthotics system was used in this study. For conditions (ii) and (iii), foot shapes were collected in partial weight bearing and subtalar neutral conditions. Thirty normal subjects were recruited for this study. The plantar foot surface was divided into eight plantar foot regions and then was investigated. These regions included the heel, the medial and lateral arches, the medial, mid and lateral forefoot, the hallux, and the lateral toes. The results showed that the orthoses provided by both the CAD-CAM and foam impression methods could decrease the peak pressure and the maximum force in the heel region, and increase the peak pressure and the maximum force in the medial arch region. Both orthoses redistributed the peak pressure and the maximum force from the heel to the medial arch region. The peak pressure in the mid forefoot region was different between the orthoses provided by the CAD-CAM and foam impression methods.

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Clark, S. M. "Two computer programs for the automatic analysis of powder diffraction patterns." Journal of Applied Crystallography 28, no. 5 (October 1, 1995): 646–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889895006753.

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Two programs for the automatic analysis of large numbers of powder diffraction patterns have been developed. The first, PEAKFIT, fits functions describing the diffraction peaks and baseline to single or multiple peaks in a number of predefined regions of each powder pattern. The second, FULFIT, fits the entire powder pattern with a combination of functions describing the diffraction peaks and background. The use of these programs is illustrated with data analysed as part of kinetic studies of the I–II phase transition in ammonium chloride and the hydration of tricalcium silicate.

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Ertek, C. "Comparison of the SAND-II and LOUHI Computer Programs in Unfolding Neutron Flux Density Spectra." Nuclear Science and Engineering 89, no. 2 (February 1985): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nse85-a18193.

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Czub, Krzysztof. "Selected aspects of legal protection of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) in the European Union – between works and designs." Polish Law Review 2, no. 1 (December 31, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.6060.

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The graphical user interfaces have become one of the most important means in software marketing over the last decades. This phenomenon occurs with particular intensity in relation to simple, non-specialized software. The users of such programs and devices with installed software of that kind are guided in choosing the product by its “look & feel” impression rather than by considering its, usually deeply hidden, technical solutions (the “engine”). This is understandable especially in the context of the development of mobile technologies, which are present in an increasing number of devices for everyday use. The “look” of a computer program is the display generated when a computer runs that program. The “feel” of a computer program is its function, overall purpose and performance (the easiness of use, promptness of operation) which is partly determined by the structure of the program and the sequence of commands it contains . Thus, the look and feel incorporate two aspects of a program for the user: visual and operational.

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Rasiowa, Helena, and V. Wiktor Marek. "Mechanical proof systems for logic II, consensus programs and their processing." Journal of Intelligent Information Systems 2, no. 2 (June 1993): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00965875.

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Colburn, Timothy, and Gary Shute. "Type and Metaphor for Computer Programmers." Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 21, no. 1 (2017): 71–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne20174662.

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The duality of computer programs is characterized, on the one hand, by their physical implementations on physical devices, and, on the other, by the conceptual implementations in programmers’ minds of the objects making up the computational processes they conceive. We contend that central to programmers’ conceptual implementations are (i) the concept of type, at both the programming and the design level, and (ii) metaphors created to facilitate these implementations.

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Schenke, Michael. "Transformational design of real-time systems. Part II: From program specifications to programs." Acta Informatica 36, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 67–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002360050154.

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BASELICE, SABRINA, PIERO A. BONATTI, and GIOVANNI CRISCUOLO. "On finitely recursive programs." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 9, no. 02 (March 2009): 213–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147106840900372x.

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AbstractDisjunctivefinitary programsare a class of logic programs admitting function symbols and hence infinite domains. They have very good computational properties; for example, ground queries are decidable, while in the general case the stable model semantics are Π11-hard. In this paper we prove that a larger class of programs, calledfinitely recursive programs, preserve most of the good properties of finitary programs under the stable model semantics, which are as follows: (i) finitely recursive programs enjoy a compactness property; (ii) inconsistency checking and skeptical reasoning are semidecidable; (iii) skeptical resolution is complete for normal finitely recursive programs. Moreover, we show how to check inconsistency and answer skeptical queries using finite subsets of the ground program instantiation. We achieve this by extending the splitting sequence theorem by Lifschitz and Turner: we prove that if the input programPis finitely recursive, then the partial stable models determined by any smooth splitting ω-sequence converge to a stable model ofP.

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Ismail, Azniah. "A Simple Survey on Attitude of Computer Science Diploma Students towards STEM." International Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Science 2, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ij-humass-0202.35.

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This article reported a simple survey on diploma students’ attitudes towards science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) objectively to get an initial impression of students taking a STEM-related diploma program. The targeted respondents were diploma students pursuing computer science programs in a Malaysian public university. A quantitative approach using a quantitative survey was used in which data were systematically elicited from 16 male and 17 female students using a questionnaire containing Likert-scale items. The questionnaire consists of three constructs: attitude toward science (8 items), attitude toward technology and engineering (8 items), and attitude toward mathematics (8 items). All constructs use a 5-point Likert scale for the response scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). Descriptive analysis showed that the respondents’ attitude ranged between moderately to highly positive towards STEM with no significance different variation between genders across the STEM fields. Interestingly, they also had, generally, moderate consideration for careers in STEM fields (the average values ranged between 27.2% and 42.4%) with male respondents had very low agreements (18.7%) to consider careers related to technology and engineering fields. Such results were a bit discouraging as the respondents were all pursuing a diploma in computer science. Thus, more efforts are needed by the university to give more exposures and experiences to refine the students’ attitude during their study, to boost their confidence and interest to pursue a career suitable with their diploma certificates.

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DIX, Jürgen. "A CLASSIFICATION THEORY OF SEMANTICS OF NORMAL LOGIC PROGRAMS: II. WEAK PROPERTIES." Fundamenta Informaticae 22, no. 3 (1995): 257–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-1995-2234.

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Malinovskii, L. G. "A system of algorithms and programs of analysis of the informativeness of measurements (hypotheses of subspaces). II." Cybernetics 21, no. 3 (1986): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01078838.

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Burns, Alan, Ian J. Hayes, and Cliff B. Jones. "Deriving Specifications of Control Programs for Cyber Physical Systems." Computer Journal 63, no. 5 (April 30, 2019): 774–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxz019.

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Abstract Cyber physical systems (CPS) exist in a physical environment and comprise both physical components and a control program. Physical components are inherently liable to failure and yet an overall CPS is required to operate safely, reliably and cost effectively. This paper proposes a framework for deriving the specification of the software control component of a CPS from an understanding of the behaviour required of the overall system in its physical environment. The two key elements of this framework are (i) an extension to the use of rely/guarantee conditions to allow specifications to be obtained systematically from requirements (as expressed in terms of the required behaviour in the environment) and nested assumptions (about the physical components of the CPS); and (ii) the use of time bands to record the temporal properties required of the CPS at a number of different granularities. The key contribution is in combining these ideas; using time bands overcomes a significant drawback in earlier work. The paper also addresses the means by which the reliability of a CPS can be addressed by challenging each rely condition in the derived specification and, where appropriate, improve robustness and/or define weaker guarantees that can be delivered with respect to the corresponding weaker rely conditions.

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HAN, JIA WEI. "ON THE POWER OF QUERY-INDEPENDENT COMPILATION." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 02, no. 02 (June 1992): 277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194092000142.

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Recursive query processing techniques can be classified into three categories: interpretation, query-dependent compilation and query-independent compilation. Query-dependent compilation compiles IDB (Intensional Data Base) programs based on possible query instantiations into query-specific programs, while query-independent compilation compiles IDB programs into query-independent and easily analyzable relational expressions. Previous studies show that linear recursions can be query-independently compiled into highly regular forms. This study analyzes the power of query-independent compilation and shows that (i) query-independent compilation captures more binding information than other methods for irregular linear recursions; (ii) the compilation provides succinct information for selection of efficient query processing methods; and (iii) it facilitates constraint-based processing of complex queries. Finally, query-independent compilation can be applied to more complex recursions as well.

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BASELICE, SABRINA, and PIERO A. BONATTI. "A decidable subclass of finitary programs." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 10, no. 4-6 (July 2010): 481–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068410000232.

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AbstractAnswer set programming—the most popular problem solving paradigm based on logic programs—has been recently extended to support uninterpreted function symbols (Syrjänen 2001, Bonatti 2004; Simkus and Eiter 2007; Gebseret al. 2007; Baseliceet al. 2009; Calimeriet al. 2008). All of these approaches have some limitation. In this paper we propose a class of programs called FP2 that enjoys a different trade-off between expressiveness and complexity. FP2 is inspired by the extension of finitary normal programs with local variables introduced in (Bonatti 2004, Section 5). FP2 programs enjoy the following unique combination of properties: (i) the ability of expressing predicates with infinite extensions; (ii) full support for predicates with arbitrary arity; (iii) decidability of FP2 membership checking; (iv) decidability of skeptical and credulous stable model reasoning for call-safe queries. Odd cycles are supported by composing FP2 programs with argument restricted programs.

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Tallian, T. E. "Rolling Bearing Life Prediction. Corrections for Material and Operating Conditions. Part II: The Correction Factors." Journal of Tribology 110, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261579.

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Computer based rolling bearing analysis programs exist which provide models for load and stress distribution, EHD conditions, heat balance and fatigue life prediction for rolling bearings and machine assemblies comprising such bearings. Fatigue life prediction is generally based on the ANSI standard. This two-part paper offers correction factors for refining the life prediction by modeling effects of material and operating variables. The corrections can be applied to the ANSI-predicted life of a complete bearing or to predicted lives of stressed volume elements in the bearing, with subsequent summation over the stressed volumes. Formulations are presented with a view to their incorporation into dynamic bearing analysis computer programs. This second part of the paper comprises the equations for the correction factors, the complete life correction, an Appendix showing logic flow for the calculations, and figures illustrating the behavior of the correction factors.

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Chaturvedi, Saurabh, Mohamed Khaled Addas, Abdullah Saad Ali Al Humaidi, Abdulrazaq Mohammed Al Qahtani, and Mubarak Daghash Al Qahtani. "A Novel Approach to Determine the Prevalence of Type of Soft Palate Using Digital Intraoral Impression." International Journal of Dentistry 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3268064.

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Aim. To determine the prevalence of type of soft palate in targeted population. Materials and Methods. Using computer technology in dentistry, intraoral digital scanner, and 3D analysis software tool, study was conducted. 100 patients selected from the outpatient clinics were divided into two groups based on the ages of 20–40 years and 41–60 years with equal ratio of males and females. Each selected patient’s maxillary arch was scanned with intraoral scanner; images so obtained were sectioned in anteroposterior cross section and with the 3D analysis software; the angulation between hard and soft palate was determined. Results. The prevalence of type II soft palate (angulation between hard and soft palate is between 10 and 45 degrees) was highest, 60% in group 1 and 44% in group 2. The difference between genders was statistically significant with p value <0.05 in both the groups, although females had higher angulation compared to the males in all classes of both groups. Conclusions. In targeted population of Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of type II soft palate was more common, with higher soft palate angulation among females. The advanced age had no effect in the type of soft palate in the region.

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SPIRTES, PETER, RICHARD SCHEINES, and CLARK GLYMOUR. "Simulation Studies of the Reliability of Computer-Aided Model Specification Using the TETRAD II, EQS, and LISREL Programs." Sociological Methods & Research 19, no. 1 (August 1990): 3–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049124190019001001.

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Zdaranok, Yu A. "LINGUISTIC AND ACOUSTIC RESOURCES OF THE COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEM FOR ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF SPEECH INTONATION." «System analysis and applied information science», no. 4 (February 8, 2018): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-4923-2017-4-59-65.

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This article describes a novel approach to discriminating native and nonnative utterances based on suprasegmental features that constitute the intonation of the syntagma. In each language speech presents a diverse number of suprasegmental phenomena, which working together, create a certain coloring of spoken speech, intonationally giving out the emotional involvement or detachment of the speaker. To any language, there is a variety of intonational patterns, which were first identified as such by E. A. Bryzgunova, and are used for teaching Russian as a foreign language by I. V. Odintsova. According to the seven basic intonational patterns of E. A. Bryzgunova, BM Lobanov created the universal melodic portraits (UMP), which can be normalized in time in accordance with the position of its pre-nuclear, nuclear and bender parts. With the help of intonation, information is transmitted at the linguistic and paralinguistic level. A lot depends on correct intoning: perception, understanding and meaning. A thought covered in words with the right acoustic pronunciation gives a correct impression of things in human mind. Thus, the so-called interference while studying a foreign language is excluded. Linguistic and acoustic resources provide the basis for computer-aided intonation training in and outside the classroom. There is a great need for new and innovative computer-aided programs. But there is no necessary software available for such teaching system and, therefore, such system appears to be of great relevance. Presented work describes as well the algorithm of designing of the computer-based system for analysis and interpretation of speech intonation.

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Hoshino, Kiyoshi, and Tomoko Sato. "Motion Analysis by Independent Component Analysis with Phase Difference Information Among Joints." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 19, no. 6 (December 20, 2007): 705–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2007.p0705.

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We configured a system that interpolates and extrapolates two different human movements at an arbitrary ratio for both periodic and discrete movement. This could, for example, extrapolate possible future movement from two data points from the past and present for a person with a certain disorder and enable quantitative assessment of the disorder by interpolating or extrapolating two typical movements of nondisabled and disabled persons at an arbitrary ratio and by comparing the result to the movement of subjects. We used independent component analysis involving phase difference information between joint movements. To demonstrate the system’s effectiveness, we generated three different gaits of periodic movement and conducted experiments with and without considering phase differences between joint movement. When results were implemented in a human model in computer graphics (CG) to picture movement, the system considering phase differences reconstructed the original movement naturally even with a number of independent variables as small as two. Movement analysis not considering phase differences, however, was unnatural, especially in ankle movement, due to the lack of appropriate phase differences between the knee and hip. We synthesized and evaluated discrete movement from two winning poses – one powerful and one weak – by interpolating movement I at 50% and movement II at 50%, and extrapolation of movement I at 150%. The former generated discrete movement with an in-between impression and the latter with a powerful impression. These results demonstrate that both periodic and discrete movement can be expressed by a small number of independent variables when phase difference information between joint movements is used appropriately.

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Stoloff, Michael L., and James V. Couch. "A Survey of Computer Use by Undergraduate Psychology Departments in Virginia." Teaching of Psychology 14, no. 2 (April 1987): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top1402_6.

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The various uses of computers in instruction, faculty research, and departmental administration were assessed by a survey of the 36 psychology departments at four-year colleges in Virginia. Complete responses were obtained from 29 schools. The results indicated that many faculty and clerical staff use microcomputers for a variety of purposes, including word processing, statistical analysis, data-base management, and test generation. Students frequently use microcomputers for statistical analysis and word processing. Simulation and tutorial programs are in use at over half of the responding departments. More than 50% of the schools indicated that computer use is required in undergraduate statistics or research courses, and computers are being used in many other courses as well. Apple II computers are the most popular, although IBM and 13 other brands are also being used. Our data may be useful for academic psychologists who need to know how computers are used in psychology programs, and especially for those who are planning to expand their use of computers.

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Socorro da Silva, Aleksandra do, Silvana Rossy de Brito, Dalton Lopes Martins, Nandamudi Lankalapalli Vijaykumar, Cláudio Alex Jorge da Rocha, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque Costa, and Carlos Renato Lisboa Francês. "Social Networks Analysis and Participation in Learning Environments to Digital Inclusion Based on Large-Scale Distance Education." International Journal of Distance Education Technologies 12, no. 2 (April 2014): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdet.2014040101.

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Evaluating and monitoring large-scale distance learning programs require different techniques, systems, and analysis methods. This work presents challenges in evaluating and monitoring digital inclusion training programs, considering the aspects inherent in large-scale distance training, and reports an approach based on network and distance learning. The paper has the following objectives: (i) apply algorithms to extract indicators from interaction networks, in a real scenario and consolidated training based on distance learning; (ii) apply algorithms to correlate interaction indicators with other indicators related to the use and participation in learning environments; and (iii) discuss the relevance of the obtained indicators to promote feedback with information critical to the success of a large-scale distance training program.

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Althöfer, Ingo. "Computer Chess and Chess Computers in East Germany." ICGA Journal 42, no. 2-3 (November 10, 2020): 152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/icg-200163.

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After World War II, Germany was split into four occupation zones, from which two states arose in 1949: West Germany (officially called FRG) and East Germany (officially GDR). East Germany was under Soviet control until 1989. In both states, computer chess and chess computers followed interesting, but rather different paths. We give an overview of East German developments: on commercial chess computers, problem chess programs, the book of 1987, the Serfling tournaments, and correspondence chess pioneer Heinrich Burger. There exist important interrelations between topics. The starting point is a short description of the Cold War situation with its harsh economic consequences for the socialist states, including East Germany.

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Balbahadur, A. C., and R. G. Kirk. "Part II—Case Studies for a Synchronous Thermal Instability Operating in Overhung Rotors." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 10, no. 6 (2004): 477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1023621x04000478.

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In Part I, a theoretical model was developed for a synchronous thermal instability that is caused by differential viscous shearing in bearings of overhung rotors. This second part used computer programs, which were based on the theoretical model, to examine various case studies that pertain to this thermal instability. Both plain and tilting pad journal bearing rotors were examined and good agreement was found between the theoretical predictions and the practical results.

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Li, X. Z. "JECP—a Java Electron Crystallography Project." Microscopy Today 14, no. 5 (September 2006): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500058648.

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JECP stands for a java electron crystallography project that includes a series of practical java stand-alone programs for electron diffraction/microscopy and crystallography applications. The aim of the JECP project is twofold, i) as teaching tools to show students the principles of electron diffraction/microscopy and crystallography, ii) as research tools to analyze experimental results. Although there are commercial and public domain computer programs available that allow a user to simulate electron diffraction patterns or processingHREMimages, there are always situations when we need to perform operations that are not a feature of any of the existing programs. The programs in the JECP can bemodified and extended tomeet the need in experiments.

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Jabeen, Sadaf, Aroona Hashmi, and Mubashira Khalid. "Expectations of Research Students About Online Supervision of Thesis Supervisors: A Case of Virtual University of Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review V, no. II (June 30, 2020): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(v-ii).12.

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The study aims to explore postgraduate research students expectations from their thesis supervisors in online postgraduate programs. Particularly it aimed to study their perceptions of the role of thesis supervisor in their postgraduate research work. The study followed survey research design. The population comprised 1118 Postgraduate (MS) students enrolled in nine programs at post-graduation level in spring 2018. Using stratified random sampling technique, a total of 150 postgraduate research students were selected from five programs (MS Computer science, M Phil Educational Leadership and Management, MS Business Administration, MS Mathematics and MS Zoology of four faculties of Virtual University of Pakistan. Data were collected through researcher made scale Expectations of Research Students (ERS) having five subscales and 28 items. Mean, Standard Deviation and ANOVA were applied for obtaining results. Findings suggested that well documented and communicated thesis supervision regulations and including face-to-face interactions with online supervision could make some improvements to the outcomes of online supervision.

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Peshkam, V., and D. J. Dawe. "Buckling and vibration of finite-length composite prismatic plate structures with diaphragm ends, part II: Computer programs and buckling applications." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 77, no. 3 (December 1989): 227–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7825(89)90077-7.

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COSTANTINI, STEFANIA. "About Epistemic Negation and World Views in Epistemic Logic Programs." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 19, no. 5-6 (September 2019): 790–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147106841900019x.

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AbstractIn this paper we consider Epistemic Logic Programs, which extend Answer Set Programming (ASP) with “ epistemic operators” and “ epistemic negation”, and a recent approach to the semantics of such programs in terms ofWorld Views. We propose some observations on the existence and number of world views. We show how to exploit an extended ASP semantics in order to: (i) provide a characterization of world views, different from existing ones; (ii) query world views and query the whole set of world views.

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Haque, Mary, Reginald Baumgardner, and David Price. "COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN AND VIDEO-DISC TECHNOLOGY IN LANDSCAPE DESIGN CLASSES." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1181f—1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1181f.

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Several forms of computer technology have been successfully integrated into classes at Clemson University using Mac II computers and MacDraft software. Beginning students are producing professional looking plans with consistent line quality and individual graphic style. Plant selection for designs has been augmented through plant images contained on two videodiscs; Woody Landscape Plants of the Temperate United States and Clemson University Video Encyclopedia of Herbaceous Ornamental. Access is accomplished via MacRAPID© CU, a Hypercard© stack that also provides a linkage to MacCAPS© Terisan. With these two programs, the user can quickly select and view, based on specific criteria, plants suitable for a given landscape.

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Poornima, Radhakrishnan, Maji Jose, Shruti D. Nayak, and Reuben Abraham Jacob. "Web based and conventional classroom based anti-tobacco awareness programs: A comparative study." Biomedicine 41, no. 1 (April 2, 2021): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v41i1.533.

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Introduction and Aim: The technology enhanced education programs are efficient than traditional passive learning methodologies with respect to learning gains and knowledge retention, thereby reinforcing positive habits in students of all ages. The present study was designed to develop a computer assisted digital educational program on ill effects of tobacco and to assess the impactof this methodology over traditional classroom based anti-tobacco awareness program. Materials and Methods:Two types of anti-tobacco awareness programs namely, computer assisted and conventional teaching, were administered to school childrenof teen age and successivelyknowledge retention, the attitude and behaviour towards tobacco were assessed through a structured questionnaire. Assessment was done on two occasions: subsequent to the training program (Phase I), six months after the program (Phase II). The results were compared usingindependent ‘t’ test and paired ‘t’ test. P < 0.05 was consideredstatistically significant. Results:The students who received the computer-assistedtraining had a significantly higher cognitive learning outcome, both short term and long term and presented a significantly more positive attitude towards tobacco prevention (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was noted in behaviour. Different parameters within Group 1 and 2, in phase I and phase II remained without significant difference (p> 0.05). A very strong positive correlation between knowledge and attitude was noted among participants of computer-assisted program. Conclusion:Computer assisted anti-tobacco awareness program is better in terms of short term and long term knowledge retention in comparison to conventional classroom based learning program. Also long-term knowledge retention seems to have increased the concern about tobacco, which would have modified their behaviour towards engaging in protective practices.

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Jäncke, Lutz, Frauke Musial, Joachim Vogt, and Karl Theodor Kalveram. "Monitoring Radio Programs and Time of Day Affect Simulated Car-Driving Performance." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 1 (August 1994): 484–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.1.484.

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Whether radio monitoring, task difficulty, and time of day affect driving performance was examined in a computer-controlled, simulated driving task. Driving performance was defined as the absolute deviation of the car position from road midline as displayed on the computer monitor. We found for 12 men and 8 women (i) an expected, marked deterioration of performance with increasing task difficulty, (ii) a deterioration of performance in the morning, and (iii) a deterioration of performance when subjects concurrently listened to radio programs except for the easy task conducted in the morning. The latter is supposed to be caused by a reactive increase of effort, which is induced by the concurrent radio monitoring and stimulated through a perceived impairment of attention.

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Gelasakis, Athanasios I., Evridiki Boukouvala, Maria Babetsa, Efstathios Katharopoulos, Vayia Palaska, Dimitra Papakostaki, Nektarios D. Giadinis, Dimitrios Loukovitis, Jan P. M. Langeveld, and Loukia V. Ekateriniadou. "Polymorphisms of Codons 110, 146, 211 and 222 at the Goat PRNP Locus and Their Association with Scrapie in Greece." Animals 11, no. 8 (August 8, 2021): 2340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082340.

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Scrapie is considered an endemic disease in both sheep and goats in Greece. However, contrary to sheep, in goats more than one prion protein (PrP) polymorphism has been recognized as a candidate for resistance breeding against the disease. For an impression, candidates which are circulating, (i) brain samples (n = 525) from scrapie-affected (n = 282) and non-affected (n = 243) animals within the national surveillance program, and (ii) individual blood samples (n = 1708) from affected (n = 241) and non-affected (n = 1467) herds, in a large part of mainland Greece and its islands, were collected and assayed. A dedicated Taqman method was used to test for amino acid polymorphisms 110T/P, 146N/S/D, 211R/Q, and 222Q/K. Highly prevalent genotypes were 110TT, 146NN, 211RR, and 222QQ. The frequencies of polymorphisms in blood and negative brain samples for codons 110P, 211Q, and 222K were 4.0%, 3.0%, and 1.9%, respectively, while 146D (0.7%) was present only on Karpathos island. Codon 110P was exclusively found in scrapie-negative brains, and homozygous 110P/P in two scrapie-negative goats. It is concluded that breeding programs in Karpathos could focus on codon 146D, while in other regions carriers of the 110P and 222K allele should be sought. Case-control and challenge studies are now necessary to elucidate the most efficient breeding strategies.

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Au-Yang, M. K. "Joint and Cross Acceptances for Cross-Flow-Induced Vibration—Part II: Charts and Applications." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 122, no. 3 (April 13, 2000): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.556192.

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Using closed-form and finite element solutions derived in Part I of this paper together with a standard commercial finite element structural-analysis computer program, the joint and cross acceptances for tubes and beams with different boundary conditions are calculated as a function of the correlation length up to 10 times the length of the structures. The results are presented in the form of charts. Steps are given to show how to use these charts together with standard commercial finite-element structural-analysis computer programs to estimate the responses of single and multi-span tubes and beams to cross-flow turbulence-induced vibration. The importance of cross-modal coupling for multi-supported beams is investigated. Examples are given. [S0094-9930(00)03303-5]

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Vance, J. M., B. T. Murphy, and H. A. Tripp. "Critical Speeds of Turbomachinery: Computer Predictions vs. Experimental Measurements—Part II: Effect of Tilt-Pad Bearings and Foundation Dynamics." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 109, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3269401.

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This is the second of two papers describing results of a research project directed at verifying computer programs used to calculate critical speeds of turbomachinery. This part describes measurements made to determine the characteristics of tilt-pad bearings and foundation dynamics. Critical speeds of a 166 kg laboratory rotor on tilt-pad bearings are then compared with predictions from a state-of-the-art damped eigenvalue computer program. Measured natural frequencies of a steam turbine are also compared with computer predictions. Accuracy of critical speed prediction is shown to depend on accuracy of 1) the “free-free” rotor models, 2) the bearing stiffness and damping coefficients, and 3) the dynamic properties of the foundation, which can be represented by an impedance that must be determined by experimental measurements.

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Litvin, F. L., C. L. Hsiao, J. C. Wang, and X. Zhou. "Computerized Simulation of Generation of Internal Involute Gears and Their Assembly." Journal of Mechanical Design 116, no. 3 (September 1, 1994): 683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919436.

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The contents of the paper cover the determination of conditions: (i) of nonundercutting by axial and axial-radial generation of internal gears by shapers, and (ii) avoidance of interference by axial and axial-radial assembly. The authors have developed computer programs for simulation of undercutting and interference, design charts and a table that allow to determine the limiting number of teeth of the cutter and pinion considering the tooth number of internal gear as known. The details of developed algorithms are given in the Appendices. The paper is illustrated with computer graphics and numerical examples.

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Ujita, Hiroshi, Satoru Nagata, Minoru Akiyama, Masanori Naitoh, and Hirotada Ohashi. "Development of LGA & LBE 2D Parallel Programs." International Journal of Modern Physics C 09, no. 08 (December 1998): 1203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183198001096.

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A lattice-gas Automata two-dimensional program was developed for analysis of single and two-phase flow behaviors, to support the development of integrated software modules for Nuclear Power Plant mechanistic simulations. The program has single-color, which includes FHP I, II, and III models, two-color (Immiscible lattice gas), and two-velocity methods including a gravity effect model. Parameter surveys have been performed for Karman vortex street, two-phase separation for understanding flow regimes, and natural circulation flow for demonstrating passive reactor safety due to the chimney structure vessel. In addition, lattice-Boltzmann Equation two-dimensional programs were also developed. For analyzing single-phase flow behavior, a lattice-Boltzmann-BGK program was developed, which has multi-block treatments. A Finite Differential lattice-Boltzmann Equation program of parallelized version was introduced to analyze boiling two-phase flow behaviors. Parameter surveys have been performed for backward facing flow, Karman vortex street, bent piping flow with/without obstacles for piping system applications, flow in the porous media for demonstrating porous debris coolability, Couette flow, and spinodal decomposition to understand basic phase separation mechanisms. Parallelization was completed by using a domain decomposition method for all of the programs. An increase in calculation speed of at least 25 times, by parallel processing on 32 processors, demonstrated high parallelization efficiency. Application fields for microscopic model simulation to hypothetical severe conditions in large plants were also discussed.

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Ullah, Kalim, Sajjad Ali, Taimoor Ahmad Khan, Imran Khan, Sadaqat Jan, Ibrar Ali Shah, and Ghulam Hafeez. "An Optimal Energy Optimization Strategy for Smart Grid Integrated with Renewable Energy Sources and Demand Response Programs." Energies 13, no. 21 (November 2, 2020): 5718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215718.

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An energy optimization strategy is proposed to minimize operation cost and carbon emission with and without demand response programs (DRPs) in the smart grid (SG) integrated with renewable energy sources (RESs). To achieve optimized results, probability density function (PDF) is proposed to predict the behavior of wind and solar energy sources. To overcome uncertainty in power produced by wind and solar RESs, DRPs are proposed with the involvement of residential, commercial, and industrial consumers. In this model, to execute DRPs, we introduced incentive-based payment as price offered packages. Simulations are divided into three steps for optimization of operation cost and carbon emission: (i) solving optimization problem using multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA), (ii) optimization of operating cost and carbon emission without DRPs, and (iii) optimization of operating cost and carbon emission with DRPs. To endorse the applicability of the proposed optimization model based on MOGA, a smart sample grid is employed serving residential, commercial, and industrial consumers. In addition, the proposed optimization model based on MOGA is compared to the existing model based on multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm in terms of operation cost and carbon emission. The proposed optimization model based on MOGA outperforms the existing model based on the MOPSO algorithm in terms of operation cost and carbon emission. Experimental results show that the operation cost and carbon emission are reduced by 24% and 28% through MOGA with and without the participation of DRPs, respectively.

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Jacobsen, Stefan Gaarsmand. "Limits to Despotism: Idealizations of Chinese Governance and Legitimizations of Absolutist Europe." Journal of Early Modern History 17, no. 4 (2013): 347–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342370.

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Abstract The term “oriental despotism” was used to describe all larger Asian empires in eighteenth century Europe. It was meaningful to use about the Ottoman, Mughal and Chinese empires. However, this did not mean that all Europeans writing on Asian empires implied that they were all tyrannies with no political qualities. The Chinese system of government received great interest among early modern political thinkers in Europe ever since it was described in the reports that Jesuit missionaries had sent back from China in the beginning of the seventeenth century. The descriptions of an ethical and political bond between emperor and administrators in China and of specific administrative organs in which age-old principles were managed made a great impression on many European readers of these reports. Although it did not remain an undisputed belief in Europe, many intellectuals held China to be a model of how the power of a sovereign could be limited or curbed within an absolutist system of government. This article investigates three cases of how the models of China were conceived by theorists reading Jesuit reports and how they subsequently strategically communicated this model to the courts of Prussia, Austria, and Russia. These three ambitious European monarchies have been regarded to give rise to a form of “enlightened absolutism” that formed a tradition different from those of England and France, the states whose administrative systems formed the most powerful models in this period. Rather than describing the early modern theories about China’s despotism as a narrative parallel, but unrelated to the development of policy programs of the respective states, this article documents how certain elements of the model of China were integrated in the political writings of Frederick II of Prussia, Joseph II of Austria, and Catherine II of Russia. Thus, in addition to the history of political thought on China, the article adds a new perspective to how these monarchs argued for fiscal reforms and a centralization and professionalization of their administrations.

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Cenzer, D., V. W. Marek, and J. B. Remmel. "On the complexity of index sets for finite predicate logic programs which allow function symbols." Journal of Logic and Computation 30, no. 1 (January 2020): 107–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exaa005.

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Abstract We study the recognition problem in the metaprogramming of finite normal predicate logic programs. That is, let $\mathcal{L}$ be a computable first-order predicate language with infinitely many constant symbols and infinitely many $n$-ary predicate symbols and $n$-ary functions symbols for all $n \geq 1$. Then we can effectively list all the finite normal predicate logic programs $Q_0,Q_1,\ldots $ over $\mathcal{L}$. Given some property $\mathcal{P}$ of finite normal predicate logic programs over $\mathcal{L}$, we define the index set $I_{\mathcal{P}}$ to be the set of indices $e$ such that $Q_e$ has property $\mathcal{P}$. We classify the complexity of the index set $I_{\mathcal{P}}$ within the arithmetic hierarchy for various natural properties of finite predicate logic programs. For example, we determine the complexity of the index sets relative to all finite predicate logic programs and relative to certain special classes of finite predicate logic programs of properties such as (i) having no stable models, (ii) having no recursive stable models, (iii) having at least one stable model, (iv) having at least one recursive stable model, (v) having exactly $c$ stable models for any given positive integer $c$, (vi) having exactly $c$ recursive stable models for any given positive integer $c$, (vii) having only finitely many stable models, (viii) having only finitely many recursive stable models, (ix) having infinitely many stable models and (x) having infinitely many recursive stable models.

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MacWhinney, Brian. "The CHILDES Project: Tools for Analyzing Talk (third edition): Volume I: Transcription format and programs, Volume II: The database." Computational Linguistics 26, no. 4 (December 2000): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli.2000.26.4.657.

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Cafolla, Ralph. "Piagetian Formal Operations and other Cognitive Correlates of Achievement in Computer Programming." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 16, no. 1 (September 1987): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/gw1p-7bbk-dvwr-w3tu.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if success in writing computer programs is related to level of cognitive development, verbal ability, and mathematics reasoning. Subjects were drawn from students enrolled in beginning computer programming classes. Each subject was given the School and College Ability Test (SCAT II) test to assess mathematics and verbal levels and the Inventory of Piaget's Developmental Tasks (IPDT) to assess level of cognitive development. The instructor's final examination was used as a measure of computer programming ability. This study supports prior research showing mathematics reasoning and verbal ability were each significant predictors of success in computer programming. Level of cognitive development, as defined by Piaget, also predicts success in computer programming ability. Regression analysis showed that level of cognitive development, when combined with verbal reasoning, is linearly predictive of programming ability.

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Hofman-Kohlmeyer, Magdalena. "IMPACT OF PRODUCT PLACEMENT STRATEGIES ON BRAND RECEPTION – LITERATURE REVIEW." Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas Zarządzanie 21, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4509.

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Considering the changes in media consumption, many well-known brands decided to invest in product placement. Companies apply various strategies of placing the brand inside the media programming, not only in movies or television programs but also in social media, computer games and music videos. Present paper is aimed on investigate the influence of chosen product placement strategy on product placement effectiveness and is based on literature review. Research on product placement in movies shows that a mixed type of placement which encompass visual presentations of a branded product, company name or logo, and verbal reference to the embedded brand is better remembered in comparison to only visual product placement. There are also recognized product placement strategy based on various plot-relation level. According to research made in computer games, higher brand and game congruity result in better attitude but a brand incongruent with the game plot is better remembered. The authors also frequently mention about product placement visibility. Prominent placement in movies and computer games led to worse brand attitudes, is perceived as more disruptive, less realistic and interferes with the plot than subtle placement. The advantage of prominent placement in both medias and video sharing sites is better influenced on brand remembering. When it comes to social media, product placement takes a form of written placement or video placement. Some studies proved that video placement exert greater impact on attitude, better brand impression and cause higher users’ intention to click. Similarly in computer games it can be listed animated or as a static ads. In quoted study, brand recognition for the animated billboards was significantly higher than for static billboards and attitudes toward the animated ads were better.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Impression II (Computer programs)'

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