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Zhang, Heng Jia, and Jun Hui Li. "Comprehensively Evaluating Soil Nutrients in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Field under Regulated Deficit Irrigation in an Arid Environment." Advanced Materials Research 773 (September 2013): 837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.773.837.
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A field experiment was carried out in 2007 and 2008 growing seasons to explore the comprehensive evaluation of soil nutrients in spring wheat field under regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) in an arid environment. The soil organic matter, soil total and available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in 0~40 cm layer after two years of RDI management were selected as the evaluating factors to determine both the weighing coefficient of each soil nutrient component and the comprehensive evaluation index for soil nutrients (CEISN) using the membership function in fuzzy mathematics. The results showed that the CEISN was higher in all the RDI management than that in the no water deficit control except 3.5% lower in RDI2 over CK. The CEISN improvement was respectively 6.3%, 6.1%, 6.1%, 5.3%, 4.9%, and 3.8% higher in RDI7, RDI4, RDI5, RDI1, RDI3, RDI6 than in CK sequentially. Consequently, after two years of experiment, the optimal water management and sustainable soil nutrient use pattern was maintained in RDI7 due to its maximum CEISN in all the water deficit regulation regimes.
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Katipoğlu, Okan Mert, Reşat Acar, and Selim Şengül. "Comparison of meteorological indices for drought monitoring and evaluating: a case study from Euphrates basin, Turkey." Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, S1 (2020): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2020.171.
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Abstract Drought incidents occur due to the fact that precipitation values are below average for many years. Drought causes serious effects in many sectors, such as agriculture, economy, health, and energy. Therefore, the determination of drought and water scarcity, monitoring, management, and planning of drought and taking early measures are important issues. In order to solve these issues, the advantages and disadvantages of five different meteorological drought indices were compared, and the most effective drought index was determined for monitoring drought. Accordingly, in the monthly, 3-month, and 12-month time period, covering the years between 1966 and 2017 (52 years), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Statistical Z-Score Index (ZSI), Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), and Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) were used. It was concluded that precipitation-based SPI and ZSI are similar patterns and precipitation, and temperature-based SPEI and RDI are similar patterns. Also, it has been determined that RAI is more effective than other indices in determining the periods of extreme drought or wet. Furthermore, SPEI and RDI have been found to be superior to other indices as they take into account the water consumption and climate effects caused by evapotranspiration.
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Gliklich, Richard E., Farhan Taghizadeh, and John W. Winkelman. "Health status in patients with disturbed sleep and obstructive sleep apnea." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 122, no. 4 (2000): 542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mhn.2000.102579.
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The health status of 435 consecutive patients with sleep disturbances necessitating polysomnography was investigated. Patients underwent overnight polysomnography and health status assessment, including the Medical Outcomes Study SF-36 Health Survey and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Based on a respiratory distress index (RDI) greater than 10 to define apnea, patients with apnea were significantly ( P < 0.05) more likely to be male, be older, and have higher body mass index and lower oxygen saturation levels than patients without apnea. Multiple domains of the SF-36 Health Survey and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were significantly worse ( P < 0.05) for this population when normative data were compared. Although few differences were observed between the apneic and nonapneic patients when a cutoff point for apnea was defined as an RDI greater than 10 or 20, increasing RDI was significantly associated with worsening physical functioning scores. Overall, decrements in health status measures were more strongly correlated with the number of oxygen desaturations below 85% than with increasing RDI. We conclude that patients with sleep disturbances demonstrate significant decrements in general and sleep-specific health status, but these decrements are more closely associated with oxygen desaturation than RDI.
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Ghali, S., and E. A. Mousa. "Mathematical Analysis of the Effect of Iron and Silica on the Reduction Performance of Manganese Ores." Journal of Metallurgy 2015 (January 1, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/679306.
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In the current study, a factorial design is used to investigate the effect of total iron and silica on the metallurgical performance of different grades of manganese ores. The derived mathematical formulations are applied to estimate the reduction disintegration index (RDI+6.3, RDI+3.15, and RDI−0.5), reduction index (total reduction index (RIT), manganese reduction index (RIM), and iron reduction index (RIF)), and softening-melting property (start of softening (TS1), end of softening (TS2), start of melting (Tm1), and end of melting (Tm2)) of manganese ores. The RDI+6.3 and RDI+3.15 are increased with the individual effect of SiO2 and the interaction effect of iron with silica, while they are decreased as the total iron increased. The high-Fe high-SiO2 manganese ore showed the highest RIT and RIF. The RIM was almost identical in all manganese ores. The presence of high content of SiO2 resulted in a narrow softening range (62–83°C), while the high-Fe high-SiO2 manganese ore exhibited a wider softening range (135–140°C). The melting range was very small in high-Fe low-SiO2 (3–16°C) and high-Fe high-SiO2 (6–8°C) manganese ores, while the low-Fe low-SiO2 manganese ore showed wider melting range (72–74°C). The derived mathematical models are in a good agreement with the experimental results. The calculations are carried out using Matlab program.
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Ring, Sorcha, Derbrenn O'Connor, Niamh Cooney, and Brian Richard Bird. "Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score to predict early reduced relative dose intensity in patients receiving oxaliplatin for colorectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (2017): e18125-e18125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e18125.
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e18125 Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is commonly treated in both adjuvant and palliative settings with Oxaliplatin. Painful peripheral neuropathy resulting in dose adjustments is a well recognized side effect in up to 30% of cases. Relative dose intensity (RDI), an expression of the percentage of planned dose received at a scheduled time, is a tool used to measure how closely a prescription has been adhered to. Studies have suggested a decreased RDI (<85%) is associated with inferior outcomes. The aim of this study was to calculate the RDI for CRC patients undergoing treatment with Oxaliplatin, to investigate reasons for dose delays and reductions and to calculate a Charlson Co-Morbidity Index Score (CCIS) for each patient Methods: CRC patients treated with Oxaliplatin from 2010-2016 within the BSHC were identified using pharmacy lists and pathology reports. The following exclusion criteria were applied: non first line Oxaliplatin and excluding cycles after three months. Data was obtained through a systematic, retrospective chart review. An audit of the chemotherapy prescriptions allowed the RDI to be calculated and the CCIS was calculated using a colorectal specific Index previously described. Results: We identified 176 eligible patients, 83 charts were available for review and 69 charts contained all necessary information to be included. Xelox (61%), Folfox-6 (35%) and Flox (4%) were the chemotherapy agents involved in this study. The average RDI achieved was 87.47%, with a range of 25%-103.17%. The primary cause for dose adjustments was peripheral neuropathy (64%). The CCIS range was 0 -3, with results demonstrating a significant connection between a higher CCI and lower RDI, see table 1. Conclusions: A CCIS ≤ 1 correlates to achieving a higher RDI, with each of these subgroups achieving above the acceptable cut off for RDI (>85%), as such certain co-morbidities may be early predictors of reduced RDI. [Table: see text]
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Yasa, I. Wayan, Mohammad Bisri, Moch Sholichin, and Ussy Andawayanti. "Hydrological drought index based on reservoir capacity – Case study of Batujai dam in Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia." Journal of Water and Land Development 38, no. 1 (2018): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jwld-2018-0052.
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AbstractHydrological drought index analysis has been widely developed and applied for the development of water resources. The island of Lombok, which is largely a dry land, requires a significant hydrological drought index to be sourced from measurable data analysis. This research focused aims to obtain hydrological drought index in Lombok Island using the capacity change of reservoir. The analysis includes reservoir data especially in the event of El-Nino. The main parameters analysed in this work are data homogeneity, decrease line of reservoir volume, increase in the line of reservoir volume, reservoir volume deficit, and hydrological drought index (RDI). The basic equation uses the water balance in the reservoir, which is the inflow–outflow and change of reservoir. The results of the analysis show that in the event of El-Nino, the drought hydrological index indicates different levels depending upon the water level of the reservoir. The criteria for the drought level are as follows: weak RDI = from −0.46 to −0.01 at an reservoir elevation of 90.88 to 92.33 m a.s.l, moderate RDI: from −0.59 to −0.46 at water level of reservoir from 90.27 to 90.88 m a.s.l, sever RDI: from −0.80 to −0.59 at water level of reservoir from 88.83 to 90.27 m a.s.l. and very severe RDI: from −0.89 to −0.80 at water level of water reservoir 87.78–88.83 m a.s.l. The duration of drought was 9 months, i.e., from February to November.
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Chang, Yu-Sen, Kuan-Hung Lin, Ying-Jung Chen, Chun-Wei Wu, and Yu-Jie Chang. "SAVING WATER USED FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION BY APPLYING REGULATED DEFICIT IRRIGATION PRACTICES." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 20, no. 3 (2021): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2021.3.3.
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Water deficit during the growing season is a major factor limiting vegetable production. Therefore, saving water used for vegetable production by applying regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) can be a strategy to reduce water supply. The effects of different RDI levels from irrigation systems on vegetable yields, yield components, water use, and water use efficiency (WUE) of maize, lettuce, and garland chrysanthemum were investigated in a pot experiment. Plants were subjected to four irrigation levels, as follows: full irrigation as a control (RDI-100), 70% of full irrigation (RDI-70), 50% of full irrigation (RDI-50), and 30% of full irrigation (RDI-30). The WUE values of maize and lettuce were significantly higher with RDI-30 than other treatments, yet a significant reduction of WUE in garland chrysanthemum was detected compared to other treatments. There were significant correlations of WUEi with WUEyield and WUEbiomass in maize plants, indicating that WUEi can be a useful nondestructive estimator of yields and biomass contents in maize. Moreover, a significant correlation between WUEi and WUEyield in lettuce plants was observed. This index was correlated with economic production, and can be used to assess fresh weights and as an index of the irrigated water content. These results for evaluating water deficits in plants used nondestructive measurements that are applicable to large-scale water management of vegetable plants, thereby enabling scarce water resources to be conserved.
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Morris, Floyd. "The Regional Disability Index and Strengthening Resilience of Persons with Disabilities in the Anglophone Caribbean." Journal of Caribbean Environmental Sciences and Renewable Energy 3, no. 1 (2020): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33277/cesare/003.001/04.
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In 2019, the University of the West Indies Centre for Disability Studies (UWICDS) released the results of the first Regional Disability Index (RDI). The RDI was developed with the primary aim to track and rank countries within the Caribbean in terms of their efforts to implement the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and by extension, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The RDI used a quantitative methodological framework employing a survey among government and non-governmental organizations catering to persons with disabilities in the Anglophone Caribbean to capture the data. In this paper, this researcher conducts an assessment of the major findings of the RDI in the context of building resilience among persons with disabilities in certain fundamental areas of Caribbean life. Findings relating to legislative protection, education, employment, public transportation, health care, and access to information are highlighted. The RDI, among other things, revealed that St. Vincent and the Grenadines is the top country in the Anglophone Caribbean in terms of their efforts to implement programmes and policies for persons with disabilities. We compare and contrast the findings regionally to that which is taking place in the global landscape for persons with disabilities.
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Champ-Rigot, Laure, Virginie Ferchaud, Jean-Noël Prévost, et al. "Rationale and Design for a Monocentric Prospective Study: Sleep Apnea Diagnosis Using a Novel Pacemaker Algorithm and Link With Aldosterone Plasma Level in Patients Presenting With Diastolic Dysfunction (SAPAAD Study)." Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology 12 (January 1, 2018): 117954681775162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179546817751628.
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Previous studies showed good agreement between pacemaker respiratory disturbance index (RDI) and polysomnography for diagnosis of severe sleep apnea (SA). The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of RDI compared with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) from a cardiorespiratory sleep study for the diagnosis of severe SA within patients requiring a pacemaker and meeting diastolic dysfunction criteria. Secondary objectives are as follows: correlation between plasma aldosterone level and SA severity, diagnostic accuracy of RDI for moderate SA, prevalence of SA among patients with diastolic dysfunction, occurrence of arrhythmias, and improvement of RDI with continuous positive airway pressure therapy. We designed a monocentric prospective nonrandomized study of prevalent cases to include 68 patients with a 6-month follow-up. Both RDI and AHI will be compared 2 months after implantation and after 1 month of continuous positive airway pressure treatment in patients with severe SA. This is the first study that examines diagnostic accuracy of pacemaker algorithm for the diagnosis of SA and correlation with plasma aldosterone levels in patients with diastolic dysfunction. Protocol version: V04. 04/04/2017 Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02751021
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Abbas, Adnan, Muhammad Waseem, Waheed Ullah, Chengyi Zhao, and Jianting Zhu. "Spatiotemporal Analysis of Meteorological and Hydrological Droughts and Their Propagations." Water 13, no. 16 (2021): 2237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162237.
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The quantitative description of relationships and propagation between different forms of drought at multiple spatiotemporal scales in various geographical locations is informative for early drought warning systems. This study intends to evaluate the historical hydrometeorological drought from 1984–2015 in the Soan River Basin, which is a critical water source for the Pothwar region of Pakistan. The reconnaissance drought index (RDI) and standardized runoff index (SRI) are used to characterize meteorological and hydrological droughts, respectively. The spatiotemporal variations of the RDI and SRI demonstrated that 2000 and 2010 were extremely dry and wet years, respectively. The results further reveal that the frequency of hydrometeorological drought events was higher in a shorter time scale (3 and 6 months), while durations featured longer timescales (9 and 12 months). The RDI and SRI time series showed a significant decreasing trend in terms of the Mann–Kendal and Sen slope estimator (SSE) results. Cross-correlation analysis for RDI and SRI with a time lag acknowledged the existence of a sequence between the RDI and SRI and a positive relationship between the two indices. The findings of this study could be helpful for better understanding drought variability and water resource management.
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Cheng, Qingping, Lu Gao, Ying Chen, Meibing Liu, Haijun Deng, and Xingwei Chen. "Temporal-Spatial Characteristics of Drought in Guizhou Province, China, Based on Multiple Drought Indices and Historical Disaster Records." Advances in Meteorology 2018 (June 14, 2018): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4721269.
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Guizhou Province, China, experienced several severe drought events over the period from 1960 to 2013, causing great economic loss and intractable conflicts over water. In this study, the spatial and temporal characteristics of droughts are analyzed with the standard precipitation index (SPI), comprehensive meteorological drought index (CI), and reconnaissance drought index (RDI). Meanwhile, historical drought records are used to test the performance of each index at identifying droughts. All three indices show decreasing annual and autumn trends, with the latter particularly prominent. 29, 30, and 32 drought events were identified during 1960–2013 by the SPI, CI, and RDI, respectively. Continuous drought is more frequent in winter–spring and summer–autumn. There is a significant increasing trend in drought event frequency, peak, and strength since the start of the 21st century. Drought duration indicated by CI shows longer durations in the higher-elevation region of central and western Guizhou. The corresponding drought severity is high in these regions. SPI and RDI indicate longer drought durations in the lower elevation central and eastern regions of Guizhou Province, where the corresponding drought severity is also very strong. SPI shows an increasing trend in drought duration and drought severity across most of the regions of Guizhou. In general, SPI and RDI show an increasing trend in the western Guizhou Province and a decreasing trend in central and eastern Guizhou. Comparing these three drought indices with historical records, the RDI is found to be more objective and reliable than the SPI and CI when identifying the periods of drought in Guizhou.
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Asadi Zarch, Mohammad Amin, Hossein Malekinezhad, Mohammad Hossein Mobin, Mohammad Taghi Dastorani, and Mohammad Reza Kousari. "Drought Monitoring by Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) in Iran." Water Resources Management 25, no. 13 (2011): 3485–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-011-9867-1.
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Rahmat, Siti Nazahiyah, Niranjali Jayasuriya, and Muhammed Bhuiyan. "Assessing droughts using meteorological drought indices in Victoria, Australia." Hydrology Research 46, no. 3 (2014): 463–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2014.105.
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Droughts adversely impact rural and urban communities, industry, primary production and, thus, a country's economy. Drought monitoring is directed to detecting the onset, persistence and severity of the drought. In this study, meteorological drought indices such as the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) and deciles were assessed to investigate how well these indices reflect drought conditions in Victoria, Australia. The Theory of Runs was also used to identify the drought deficit. The study uses 55 years (1955–2010) of monthly precipitation and reference evapotranspiration data for five selected meteorological stations in Victoria, Australia. Results show that drought characterization using SPI and RDI provides a standardized classification of severity thus exhibiting advantages over deciles. As RDI considers both rainfall and potential evapotranspiration in calculations, it could be sensitive to climatic variability. For characterizing agricultural droughts, the application of the RDI is recommended. The use of the SPI was shown to be satisfactory for assessing and monitoring meteorological droughts. The SPI was also successful in detecting the onset and the end of historical droughts for the selected events.
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Riley, Robert W., Nelson B. Powell, Kasey K. Li, Robert J. Troell, and Christian Guilleminault. "Surgery and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Long-Term Clinical Outcomes." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 122, no. 3 (2000): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(00)70058-1.
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OBJECTIVE: Outcome data on the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea are, in general, based on short-term follow-up (<6–9 months). This examination was undertaken to assess long-term results. METHODS: Forty patients who underwent soft tissue and skeletal surgery were the subjects of this review. Methods of evaluation included polysomnographic variables (respiratory disturbance index [RDI], low oxyhemoglobin desaturation [LSATT]), body mass index, quality-of-life assessments, roentgenographic analysis, and complications. Statistical analysis used the SAS 6.12 system. RESULTS: Thirty-six of 40 patients (90%) showed long-term clinical success. The mean preoperative RDI, nasal continuous positive airway pressure RDI, and long-term RDI were 71.2 ± 27.0, 7.6 ± 5.2 and 7.6 ± 5.1, respectively. The mean preoperative LSAT, nasal continuous positive airway pressure LSAT, and long-term LSAT were 67.5% ± 14.8%, 87.1% ± 3.2%, and 86.3% ± 3.9%, respectively. The mean follow-up was 50.7 ± 31.9 months. The patients showed a statistically significant long-term weight gain ( P = 0.0002) compared with their 6-month postoperative level (body mass index 31.4 ± 6.7 vs 32.2 ± 6.3). There was a positive correlation with the amount of skeletal advancement and clinical outcome. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive evaluation and surgical treatment can result in successful long-term clinical outcome.
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Riley, Robert W., Nelson B. Powell, Kasey K. Li, Robert J. Troell, and Christian Guilleminault. "Surgery and obstructive sleep apnea: Long-term clinical outcomes." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 122, no. 3 (2000): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mhn.2000.102117.
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OBJECTIVE Outcome data on the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea are, in general, based on short-term follow-up (<6–9 months). This examination was undertaken to assess long-term results. METHODS Forty patients who underwent soft tissue and skeletal surgery were the subjects of this review. Methods of evaluation included polysomnographic variables (respiratory disturbance index [RDI], low oxyhemoglobin desaturation [LSAT]), body mass index, quality-of-life assessments, roentgenographic analysis, and complications. Statistical analysis used the SAS 6.12 system. RESULTS Thirty-six of 40 patients (90%) showed long-term clinical success. The mean preoperative RDI, nasal continuous positive airway pressure RDI, and long-term RDI were 71.2 ± 27.0, 7.6 ± 5.2 and 7.6 ± 5.1, respectively. The mean preoperative LSAT, nasal continuous positive airway pressure LSAT, and long-term LSAT were 67.5% ± 14.8%, 87.1% ± 3.2%, and 86.3% ± 3.9%, respectively. The mean follow-up was 50.7 ± 31.9 months. The patients showed a statistically significant long-term weight gain ( P = 0.0002) compared with their 6-month postoperative level (body mass index 31.4 ± 6.7 vs 32.2 ± 6.3). There was a positive correlation with the amount of skeletal advancement and clinical outcome. CONCLUSION Comprehensive evaluation and surgical treatment can result in successful long-term clinical outcome.
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Terada, Yoshiki, Hirohisa Nakamae, Ran Moriguchi, et al. "The Impact of Relative Dose Intensity of Rituximab-CHOP on Survival in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patients." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 4931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.4931.4931.
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Abstract Background. Recently several retrospective studies showed that relative dose intensity (RDI) in combination chemotherapy including CHOP significantly influences survival in aggressive lymphoma. Based on these data, maintaining high RDI in chemotherapy by, for example, prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration has been attempted to obtain better outcome. Moreover, rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal anti CD20 antibody combined with CHOP chemotherapy (R-CHOP) has significantly ameliorated the outcome in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBL). However, it is unclear if higher RDI even in combination with rituximab will improve outcome in B cell type aggressive lymphoma. Hence, in the current study, we retrospectively analyzed the impact of RDI in R-CHOP as an initial treatment on survival of patients with DLBL. Furthermore, we determined the factors influencing RDI. Patients and Methods. We studied 100 previously untreated DLBL patients who underwent more than 3 courses of R-CHOP chemotherapies at 5 institutions from December 2003 to February 2008. The median age of the patients was 60 years old (range 19–79). The median number of R-CHOP course was 6 (range, 3–8). In the current study, the RDI was calculated by averaging the delivered RDIs of cyclophosphamide (CY) and adriamycin (ADR) for all chemotherapy courses. Results. The median average RDI of CY and ADR (CY/ADR-RDI) in all patients was 87.9%. Twenty three of 100 patients were treated with RDI less than 75 %. With a median follow-up of 21.2 months, the probability of 4-year overall survival (OS) was significantly higher in patients with higher RDI (&gt;=75%) than that in patients with lower RDI (&lt;75%) (78.6 % vs. 60%; P = 0.01). In univariate Cox regression model to identify prognostic factors for OS, RDI [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.7 per 0.1 of RDI; 95% CI 0.6– 0.9; P = 0.02] and high/high-intermediate International Prognostic Index (IPI) (HR = 4.7; 95% CI 1.3–17; P = 0.04) were significant factors influencing OS. In multivariate model, RDI was only a significant factor influencing OS (HR = 0.8 per 0.1 of RDI; 95% CI 0.6–1.0; P = 0.04). In multivariate logistic analysis to determine factors influencing RDI, elderly patients (&gt;=51 ) [odds ratio (OR) = 0.2; 95% CI 0.1–0.7; P = 0.01] and high/high-intermediate IPI (OR = 0.3; 95% CI 0.1–1.0; P = 0.04) were significant factors for reduced RDI, whereas prophylactic G-CSF (OR = 3.2; 95% CI 1.1–9.3; P = 0.04) was found to be a significant factor for increased RDI. Conclusion. In newly diagnosed DLBL patients, the current results demonstrated that high RDI in CHOP even when combined with rituximab was significantly associated with better survival and higher RDI could be effectively maintained by G-CSF.
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Liu, Shih-An, Mao-Chang Su, and Rong-San Jiang. "Nasal Patency Measured by Acoustic Rhinometry in East Asian Patients with Sleep-Disordered Breathing." American Journal of Rhinology 20, no. 3 (2006): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/ajr.2006.20.2859.
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Background Nasal obstruction is thought to be a risk factor in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the relationship between nasal patency and sleep-disordered breathing remains controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the association between acoustic rhinometry findings and results of overnight polysomnography. Methods From February to October 2003, patients who underwent overnight polysomnography assessment were enrolled in the study. We excluded patients who were under 20 years old, had severe deviated nasal septum, had previously received nasal or palatal surgery, or could not complete sleep test or acoustic rhinometry examination. Participants’ basic data including age, gender, neck circumference, and body mass index (BMI) were collected. All participants received acoustic rhinometry before overnight polysomnography. The results along with sleep-test outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Results A total of 87 patients were included in this study. Patients with respiratory disturbance index (RDI) less than 5/h (n = 26) or with RDI of 5–30/h (n = 28) tended to have larger minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) compared with those of patients whose RDI was more than 30/h (n = 33) (P = 0.001). A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that BMI, male gender, and MCA were contributing factors in RDI. The R2 value of the multiple regression analysis was 0.406. Conclusion Patients with severe OSA tended to have smaller MCA when compared with patients with RDI less than 30/h. However, it was hard to predict whether patients had OSA from acoustic rhinometry examination.
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Sharma, Manish, Anitha Singareddy, Michael O'Connor, et al. "Reader disagreement index (RDI) as an indicator of reader performance." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 15_suppl (2018): e18592-e18592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.e18592.
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Tsakiris, G., D. Pangalou, and H. Vangelis. "Regional Drought Assessment Based on the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI)." Water Resources Management 21, no. 5 (2006): 821–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-006-9105-4.
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Lyman, G. H., N. M. Kuderer, M. S. Poniewierski, et al. "Factors associated with reductions in chemotherapy dose intensity: Impact of clinical, sociodemographic and practice setting." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (2007): 6550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.6550.
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6550 Background: A nationwide, prospective cohort study of patients receiving cancer chemotherapy was undertaken to better define treatment-associated toxicities and delivered dose intensity. Methods: Following informed consent, 3,670 patients initiating a new chemotherapy regimen with lymphoma (n=547) or carcinomas of the colon (n=521), breast (n=1,473), lung (n=907) or ovary (n=312) were prospectively registered at 117 randomly selected US oncology practices between March 2002 and December 2005. Pretreatment characteristics including clinical and sociodemographic factors and practice setting associated with reductions in chemotherapy dose intensity over 4 cycles were evaluated. Results: Chemotherapy regimen standards and intended dose and schedule were defined in 97% and 93% of patients, respectively. Average initial (planned) relative dose intensity (RDI) was 90% while the mean RDI actually delivered over 4 cycles was 83%. Reductions in RDI =15% of standard were planned in 23% of patients and actually occurred over 4 cycles in 38%. Body surface area (BSA) calculated by the method of Mosteller exceeded the BSA utilized by the oncology practices in two-thirds of patients most often due to capping at 2 m2. Obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) =30 were more likely to receive planned RDI reductions =15% (30%) than patients with BMI <30 (21%) (P<.0001). Other factors associated with planned reductions in RDI in multivariate analysis included: older age, male gender, lower education, absence of myeloid growth factor prophylaxis and cancers of the lung or ovary as well as the practice setting, size and geographic location. Factors associated with unplanned (subsequent) reductions in RDI included: older age, male gender, poorer Charlson comorbidity index, prior chemotherapy, lung cancer, low baseline hematocrit, white blood or platelet count, poor renal or hepatic function and low serum albumin as well as smaller practice and rural setting. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of patients receiving cancer chemotherapy experience both planned and unplanned reductions in RDI. Further understanding of factors associated with such reductions may provide opportunities for improving the quality of cancer care and clinical outcomes. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Myer, B. S., L. E. Cosler, J. Crawford, et al. "Neutropenic complications in ovarian cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: Results of a prospective observational study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (2007): 19610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.19610.
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19610 Background: A nationwide, prospective cohort study of patients receiving cancer chemotherapy was undertaken to better define treatment-associated toxicities and delivered dose intensity. Methods: Following informed consent, 3,670 patients initiating a new chemotherapy regimen with lymphoma (n=547) or carcinomas of the colon (n=521), breast (n=1,473), lung (n=907) or ovary (n=312) were prospectively registered at 117 randomly selected US oncology practices between March 2002 and December 2005. Pretreatment characteristics including clinical and sociodemographic factors and practice setting associated with reductions in chemotherapy dose intensity over 4 cycles were evaluated. Results: Chemotherapy regimen standards and intended dose and schedule were defined in 97% and 93% of patients, respectively. Average initial (planned) relative dose intensity (RDI) was 90% while the mean RDI actually delivered over 4 cycles was 83%. Reductions in RDI =15% of standard were planned in 23% of patients and actually occurred over 4 cycles in 38%. Body surface area (BSA) calculated by the method of Mosteller exceeded the BSA utilized by the oncology practices in two-thirds of patients most often due to capping at 2 m2. Obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) =30 were more likely to receive planned RDI reductions =15% (30%) than patients with BMI <30 (21%) (P<.0001). Other factors associated with planned reductions in RDI in multivariate analysis included: older age, male gender, lower education, absence of myeloid growth factor prophylaxis and cancers of the lung or ovary as well as the practice setting, size and geographic location. Factors associated with unplanned (subsequent) reductions in RDI included: older age, male gender, poorer Charlson comorbidity index, prior chemotherapy, lung cancer, low baseline hematocrit, white blood or platelet count, poor renal or hepatic function and low serum albumin as well as smaller practice and rural setting. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of patients receiving cancer chemotherapy experience both planned and unplanned reductions in RDI. Further understanding of factors associated with such reductions may provide opportunities for improving the quality of cancer care and clinical outcomes. [Table: see text]
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Wong, DH, MJ Barbetti, and K. Sivasithamparam. "Behavior of Phytophthora clandestina propagules at a field site in Western Australia." Soil Research 24, no. 4 (1986): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9860485.
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The number of infective propagules of Phytophthora clandestina, an important pathogen of subterranean clover, was estimated by the most probable number (MPN) method in soil at a field site in Western Australia. The behaviour of the propagules of this fungus was studied in relation to root disease index (RDI), disease suppressiveness index (DSI), rainfall, soil moisture and soil temperature for a period of 12 months. There was an increase in the number of infective propagules in the field soil in January and no further increase was observed until May, then marked decrease occurred in June and July with the numbers remaining low through to December. There was no significant correlation between MPN and RDI, DSI, rainfall, soil moisture or temperature. The RDI was, however, negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with DSI linearly (r = 0.76) and quadratically (r = 0.81). Subterranean clover appears to be the sole source of P. clandestina inoculum in the pasture sward of mixed plant species.
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Sharma, Manish, Oliver Bohnsack, Michael O'Connor, et al. "RDI as a method for reviewer performance monitoring in BICR setup for improving data quality." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (2019): e18082-e18082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e18082.
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e18082 Background: Double read with adjudication is a preferred independent review model of regulatory authorities for blinded independent central review (BICR) in order to minimize reviewer bias in clinical trials. Adjudication rate (AR) and adjudication agreement rate (AAR) are commonly used indicators for monitoring independent reviewer performance quality. We will present data on Reader Disagreement Index (RDI), an innovative indicator for accurately monitoring reviewer performance and triggering timely intervention when applicable. Methods: A detailed review of BICR adjudication data was performed for 12 oncology clinical trials, with a total of 5,369 subjects (ranging from 119 to 894 per individual study) with 27,056 time points using RECIST, the Lugano classification or iwCLL assessment criteria. RDI for each reviewer was calculated as RDI = (# of cases where adjudicator disagreed with given reviewer ÷ Total # of all cases read) × 100, with high RDI indicating high % disagreement. RDI was used to identify the discordant reader (i.e. reviewer with the highest level of cases disagreed with by the adjudicator) when approximately 10% of the total reads were completed for each study. RDI was also calculated and compared with AR and AAR on an ongoing basis throughout the study. Mean RDI + standard deviation (SD) were used to identify outlier readers. Results: RDI reliably identified the most discordant reader consistently across all 12 studies, while AR & AAR did not. The results confirm the advantage of RDI as a lagging and leading indicator for independent reviewer performance across indications and criteria using double read with adjudication review model. RDI, when calculated as early as at the 10% of total reviewed cases benchmark, demonstrated a positive predictive value of 91% and negative predictive value of 93% (Sensitivity 71%; Specificity 98%). Conclusions: Early identification of an outlier reviewer as per RDI (i.e. after reviews completed for ~ 10% study visits), followed by detailed analysis and corrective measures, such as retraining of the reviewer can serve as timely intervention to improve review quality. Thus, RDI proves to be a better indicator for not just monitoring reviewer performance, but also as an excellent tool for triggering timely corrective intervention. [Table: see text]
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Vishwakarma, Ankur, Mahendra Kumar Choudhary, and Mrityunjay Singh Chauhan. "Applicability of SPI and RDI for forthcoming drought events: a non-parametric trend and one way ANOVA approach." Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, S1 (2020): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2020.042.
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Abstract Monthly, seasonal and annual trends of rainfall and temperature (both minimum and maximum) have been analyzed using the Mann–Kendall trend test (a non-parametric test) and Sen's slope estimator for Sagar division, India from 1988 to 2018. Sagar division is a drought-prone zone of Madhya Pradesh, India. The same analysis has been performed for two drought indices, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI). Both indices were calculated to see the trend in the drought for 35 rain-gauge stations belonging to the study area. The study revealed that the minimum temperature had increased more than the maximum temperature in the last 31 years. The strong similarity in the results of Sen's slope of SPI and RDI were seen for both significant and non-significant trends. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) testing validates the substantial similarity between SPI and RDI based on Sen's slope. It also indicated the suitability of RDI for future projection of drought using the general circulation models (GCMs) or regional climate models (RCMs) in meteorological drought as well as the agricultural drought category. In contrast, the SPI indicated the meteorological drought only. The distribution of trends of temperature and drought indices were presented using the kriging interpolation.
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Al- Khafaji, Mahmoud S., and Rusul A. H. Al- Ameri. "Indices-Based Evaluation of Spatiotemporal Distribution of Drought Within Derbendkhan Dam Watershed." Engineering and Technology Journal 39, no. 6 (2021): 893–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v39i6.1802.
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Drought is one of the most significant natural disasters in Iraq. It has a strong impact on the water resources in Iraq. Consequently, it causes massive environmental damage, economic deficiency, and social problems to the country. Therefore, more considerations towards the study and management of drought has become of vital importance in recent decades. In this paper, three drought indices (DIs) were computed for evaluation of the spatiotemporal of drought within Derbendikhan Dam Watershed (DDW) in the Diyala River Basin, Iraq. Based on the monthly weather data for the period (1984 – 2013) downloaded from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) for eight stations located within DDW. The Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI), standardized precipitation index (SPI) and Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) at 12-month time scale were computed to assess droughts in the DDW. For each index, the temporal variations of the drought severity and Drought Frequency Patterns (DFPs) for the period (1984 – 2013) were computed and analyzed. In addition, spatial distributions of the drought severity for each index were mapped and investigated. Accordingly, the DFPs were compared to specify the dominant and/or more frequent DFPs. The results show that the performances of different DIs are strongly correlated with the dominant factors of droughts and drought duration. Also, the SPI and SDI are less accurate than the RDI when both precipitation and evaporation are the main factors controlling the drought events. However, the SPI and SDI indices are identical in the same proportions of the dry years which are less than the ratio of dry years to an RDI, but the severity of the drought from the SDI results is higher than the severity of the drought relative to the SPIand RDI. The three indices indicate that the Eastern region is drier than the Western region, which is somewhat wet.
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Bhattacharyya, Neil. "S295 – Palate Length, Tonsil Size, and Sleep Apnea Severity." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 2_suppl (2008): P173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.471.
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Objectives Determine the relationships between soft tissue oropharyngeal measurements and obstructive sleep apnea severity. Methods A prospective series of adult patients undergoing surgical theraphy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was studied. Tonsil size (graded 0 to 4+) and median (palatal spineuvula tip) and lateral (posterior hard palate-free edge soft palate) dimensions of the soft palate were directly measured transorally at the time of surgery. From the preoperative polysomnographic and the medical record, respiratory disturbance index (RDI), lowest oxygen saturation (LSat) and body mass index (BMI) were determined. The relationships between both RDI and LSat and tonsil size and palatal dimensions was determined with multivariate linear regression adjusted for BMI. Results 88 patients were enrolled. The mean (±)95% confidence interval values for the median and lateral soft palate lengths were 4.71 (±) 0.14 cm and 3.73 (±) 0.12 cm, respectively; the mean tonsil size was 1.8 (±) 0.3. The mean RDI and LSat were 44.0 (±) 5.6 events/hour and 84.7 (±) 2.4%, respectively. On multivariate regression, only BMI significantly predicted RDI (p=0.003); median (p=0.210) and lateral (p=0.507) palate lengths and tonsil size (p=0.860) did not. For the LSat, both BMI and tonsil size were significant predictors (p<0.001 and p=0.017, respectively); median and lateral lengths were not (p=0.251 and p=.376, respectively). Conclusions Adjusted for BMI, soft palate length does not consistently predict sleep apnea severity. Adjusted for BMI, tonsil size predicts the LSat but not the RDI. These results highlight difficulties associated with correlating soft tissue anatomy with sleep apnea severity.
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Mitchell, Ron B., and James Kelly. "Outcome of adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea in children under 3 years." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 132, no. 5 (2005): 681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2004.12.010.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the outcome of adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children less than 3 years of age. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study at the University of New Mexico Children's Hospital. Children with OSA underwent pre- and postoperative full-night polysomnography (PSG). Scores were compared using a paired t test. A P-value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The study population included 20 children. Fifteen (75%) were male. The mean age was 2.2 years (range, 1.1 to 3.0). Sixteen (80%) children had medical comorbidities. Over 25% of children had postoperative complications including laryngospasm and marked desaturations. The mean preoperative respiratory distress index (RDI) was 34.1 and the mean postoperative RDI was 12.2 ( P < 0.0001). After surgery, 7 (35%) children had an RDI < 5. Thirteen (65%) had a postoperative RDI ≥ 5 indicating persistent OSA. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: Children under 3 years show significant improvement in RDI after adenotonsillectomy for OSA, but they may develop complications after surgery. Postoperative PSG is recommended for children under 3 years of age to monitor the severity of persistent OSA. EBM rating: B-2. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005;132:681-684.)
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NAGHAVI, Mohhamad Reza, Alireza POUR ABOUGHADAREH, and Marouf KHALILI. "Evaluation of Drought Tolerance Indices for Screening Some of Corn (Zea mays L.) Cultivars under Environmental Conditions." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 5, no. 3 (2013): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb539049.
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In order to study the effect of drought stress on eight cultivars corn (Zea mays L.), an experiment was conducted in a factorial experimental on the basis of randomized complete block design under two irrigated conditions during 2010-2011 cropping season. Twelve drought tolerance/resistance indices including stress tolerance index (STI), stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), geometric mean production (GMP), mean production (MP), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), drought resistance index (DI), relative drought index (RDI), stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI) and modified stress tolerance (K1STI and K2STI) were calculated based on grain yield under drought and irrigated conditions. Yield in stress and non-stress conditions were significantly and positively correlated with STI, GMP, MP, YI, TOL, DI, RDI, YSI, SSPI, K1STI, and K2STI and negatively correlated with SSI. Yield in stress and non-stress conditions were significantly and positively correlated with STI, GMP, MP, YI, TOL, DI, RDI, YSI, SSPI, K1STI, and K2STI and negatively correlated with SSI. Screening drought tolerant cultivars using ranking method, three dimensional plots discriminated cultivars ‘KSC720’, KSC 710GT and ‘KSC 700’ as the most drought tolerant. Cluster analysis classified the cultivars into three groups i.e., tolerant, susceptible and semi-susceptible to drought conditions. In general, Results of this study showed that among drought tolerance indices STI, YI, SSPI, K1STI, and K2STI can be used as the most suitable indicators for screening drought tolerant cultivars and ‘KSC720’, KSC 710 GT and ‘KSC 700’ had the highest tolerance to drought in our studies condition.
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Nagy, Patrik, and Martina Zeleňáková. "Drought indices and trend analysis." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 1 (2020): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2020-0005.
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Abstract In recent times, extremely dry seasons have been occurring more and more often in the eastern Slovakia, alternating with extremely wet seasons like torrential floods from extreme rainfall. Trend of reconnaissance drought index (RDI) and streamflow drought index (SDI) was evaluated in the paper using the Mann-Kendall test. The indices were evaluated at six climatic and river stations in the eastern Slovakia. The Mann-Kendal test results showed that the trend in the SDI index is not significant in 5 stations and only in one station the trend is significant. In the RDI index the trend is not significant in four stations and the trend is significant in two stationshe abstract is to indicate the subject of the paper, how the author proposes to develop the subject and its overall objective, aim or outcome.
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Schrott, Lukas, Martin Gächter, and Engelbert Theurl. "Regional Development in Advanced Countries: a Within-Country Application of the Human Development Index for Austria." DANUBE: Law and Economics Review 6, no. 1 (2015): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/danb-2015-0001.
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Abstract Since its implementation in 1990, the human development index (HDI), the flagship indicator of multidimensional development, has attracted a great deal of attention and critics in academic, political and media circles. It initiated a new stage in the discussion of appropriate indicators to measure socioeconomic development. Until now, the vast majority of empirical work using the HDI concept has taken a cross-country perspective. The main aim of this paper is the application of the HDI at the sub-country level in small, highly developed and socioeconomically homogenous countries. For this undertaking we use a slightly modified version of the HDI, called the regional development index (RDI). For the components of the RDI - life expectancy, education and standard of living - we use recent cross section information for Austria at the level of districts. There exists considerable heterogeneity across districts in the RDI and its components. Our Theil-decomposition reveals that the overwhelming part of the observed heterogeneity is based on differences within provinces (96 percent), although the differences in life expectancy between the provinces explain a substantial part of the overall heterogeneity in this indicator (54 percent).
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BONEA, Dorina. "Grain yield and drought tolerance indices of maize hybrids." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 12, no. 2 (2020): 376–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb12210683.
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Drought is one of the major abiotic stress factors limiting crops production in Oltenia area, Romania. In order to study the response of six maize hybrids to drought stress, the trials were conducted in research field of ARDS Simnic – Craiova, during 2017-2018 (non-stressed conditions) and 2018-2019 (drought stress). Six tolerance indices including: abiotic tolerance index (ATI), stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI), Stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP), relative drought index (RDI) and golden mean (GM), were utilized on the basis of grain yield. Results from analysis of variance showed that there is a significant difference in 1% of probability level among hybrids in terms of grain yield and tolerance indices. The yield in non-stress conditions (Yp) showed significant positive correlations with ATI, SSPI, STI and MP, and negative correlation with RDI and GM. The yield in drought conditions (Ys) showed significant positive correlation with RDI and GM, and negative correlation with ATI and SSPI. None of the tolerance indices used could identify the high yielding hybrids under drought and non-stress conditions. Based on the ranking method, the hybrids ‘Felix’ and ‘P 9903’ were the most droughts tolerant. Therefore, they hybrids are recommended to be grown under drought prone areas and to be used as parents for breeding of drought tolerance in other cultivars.
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KIREMIRE, E. M. R. "Research and Development Index (RDI) as an indicator for Economic development." Current World Environment 4, no. 2 (2009): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.4.2.03.
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Vangelis, H., D. Tigkas, and G. Tsakiris. "The effect of PET method on Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) calculation." Journal of Arid Environments 88 (January 2013): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.07.020.
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Komuro, Ayumi, Sachiko Seo, Nobuo Mochizuki, Yosuke Minami, and Toshikatu Kawasaki. "Impact of Total Dose Intensity and Relative Dose Intensity (RDI) of R-CHOP on Survival in Patients with DLBCL." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (2018): 4218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-114227.
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Abstract Background: The standard chemotherapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is CHOP combined with rituximab (R-CHOP). The guidelines (e.g. NCCN or ESMO) recommend six to eight courses of R-CHOP and the optimal number of courses is still unclear. The relative dose intensity (RDI) was proposed as an indicator for both dose intensity and interval. The previous studies have reported the relation between RDI of CHOP or R-CHOP and treatment outcomes. However, little is known about the low threshold of RDI that affects survival and few studies have compared between RDI and total dose of R-CHOP in the effect on survival. In this study, we evaluated the effect of total dose and RDI of R-CHOP on survival in patients with DLBCL. Patients and methods: We retrospectively analyzed 190 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL who completed more than 6 courses of R-CHOP between January 2013 and December 2016 at our center. Dose reduction of the CHOP regimen was considered in patients over 70 years of age. RDI was calculated as the ratio of delivered dose intensity (mg/m2/week) to the planned dose intensity (mg/m2/week) and was shown as a percentage. The average of RDI in each drug of R-CHOP was used for the analyses. Risk factors for overall mortality were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Among the 190 patients, median age was 70.0 years (range, 34-91). The numbers of patients were 15, 55, 46, and 66 in low, low-intermediate, high-intermediate, and high risk groups based on the International Prognostic Index (IPI), respectively. Three-year overall survival (OS) was 88%, 100%, and 83% in the patients with 6 (N=64), 7 (N=3), and 8 (N=123) courses of R-CHOP, respectively (p = 0.55). Median RDI was 92% (range, 32 to 117) and the lower quartile of RDI was 72%. Probabilities of OS by the quartile of RDI were shown in Figure 1 and OS was significantly worse in the patients with <72% of RDI than those with ≥72% of RDI (3-year OS, 66% vs 90%; p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis by age (<70 or ≥70 years) showed the similar trend toward worse survival in patients with <72% of RDI in both age groups (<70 years, p=0.001; ≥70 years, p = 0.054). In multivariable analysis, RDI less than 72% (HR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.25-6.90, p = 0.014) was a significantly important risk factor for mortality, while IPI (HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 0.9-11.4, p = 0.07) or the number of courses of R-CHOP (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 0.59-4.64, p = 0.34) was not. When analyzing RDI as a continuous variable, RDI (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05, p = 0.009) and IPI (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.05-2.12, p = 0.027) were identified as significant risk factors for mortality. Similarly, patients with <72% of RDI had significantly worse progression-free survival (PFS) than those with ≥72% of RDI (Figure 2, 3-year PFS, 59% vs 80%; p = 0.001). However, RDI was not a significantly important risk factor for PFS after adjusting for several factors. Among 190 patients in our cohort, 24 patients died and 17 patients died from recurrence of DLBCL. There is no difference in the number of recurrence between the patients with <72% (N=6) and ≥72% (N=11) of RDI (p = 0.18). Conclusions: Higher RDI of R-CHOP was significantly associated with a higher survival rate in patients with DLBCL, although it did not reach statistical significance in patients over 70 years of age. More than 72% of RDI should be maintained to obtain better OS and PFS. Increase of total dose of R-CHOP was not related to better survival, resulting from the analysis using the number of treatment courses. We conclude that 6 courses of R-CHOP therapy with higher RDI would be recommended for all ages. Further studies are needed to validate our findings. Disclosures Minami: Novartis Pharma K.K.: Consultancy; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited.: Consultancy; ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD: Research Funding.
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Yaltı, Sedanur, and Hakan Aksu. "Drought Analysis of Iğdır Turkey." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 12 (2019): 2227. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i12.2227-2232.3004.
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Climate change increases the odds of worsening drought in many parts of the World. Climate projections for the Mediterranean basin in which Turkey is located expresses alarming conclusions about severe droughts. Droughts are expected to prevail in different severities and periods throughout Turkey. Iğdır plain, which lies in eastern part of Turkey is convenient for cultivation of many agricultural products because of its fertile soils and micro-climatic properties. In this study, drought analysis were carried out for Iğdır by using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) and Streamflow Drought Index (SDI). The data (precipitation and flow) were obtained in monthly intervals from Turkish institutions, namely General Directorate of Meteorology and General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works. Study was aimed to examine the integrated effect of low precipitations and high temperatures on hydrological and meteorological drought. Annual SPI results show that four severe and three moderate drought events whereas RDI detected four severe and four moderate drought events for the study period (47 years, 1971-2018). SPI index detected severe category droughts in the water years of 1980, 1989 and 1997. RDI detected severe category droughts in the mentioned years together with one more event in 2000. SDI identified 2002 as extreme drought year, and identified 1982, 1984, 1986 and 2002 as moderate drought years. The output of the study is aimed to serve for better understanding of droughts in the Igdir Plain.
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Terada, Yoshiki, Hirohisa Nakamae, Takahiko Nakane, et al. "The Impact of Relative Dose Intensity (RDI) of CHOP on Outcome of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Results of a Single Center Study." Blood 110, no. 11 (2007): 4456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.4456.4456.
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Abstract Introduction: The achievement of a clinical response to the first induction chemotherapy has been considered for predicting survival in patients (pts) with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Reduced dose intensity of chemotherapy has been likely to compromise long-term outcome of the patients with aggressive NHL treated with a standard chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide (CY), doxorubicin (ADR), vincristine and prednisone (CHOP). In particular, recent studies have revealed the relevance of relative dose intensity (RDI) to clinical outcomes, with reduced RDI leading to a poor survival, as well as the impact of RDI<85% for aggressive NHL with detailed analysis of risk factors influencing reduce RDI<85% (Gary H. Lyman, J. Clin Oncol22: 4302, 2004). This study was conducted to investigate the impact of RDI<85% of CHOP on outcomes of the pts with diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma (DLCL). Methods: Data were retrospectively collected on 100 pts with DLCL who had been initially treated with more than 3 courses of CHOP (n=70) or CHOP plus rituximab (CHOP-R, n=30) at our institution between 1995 and 2006. We evaluated whether RDI might affect clinical outcomes, including complete response (CR) and event free survival (EFS). The average RDI derived from CY and ADR (referred to as RDI-CY/ADR) was determined for each patient, with classified into 2 populations according to the differences from the value of 85%, including RDI-CY/ADR<85% (n=60), and RDI-CY/ADR≥85% (n=40). Results: The median age of the study population was 54 years (range, 17 to 76), with 36 pts older than 60 years (yrs) of age. According to International Prognostic Index (IPI) score, pts were classified into 2 groups of low/ low-intermediate (n=46) and high/ high-intermediate (n=54). The overall CR rate reached 62%, and the probability of overall survival (OS) or EFS at 5 years estimated 77% or 43%, respectively with a median follow-up of 13.3 months. Multivariate analysis identified RDI-CY/ADR<85%, as well as IPI score to be associated with CR rate and EFS. Thus, RDI-CY/ADR<85% and IPI score of high/ high-intermediate were significant factors for lower CR rate (as RDI-CY/ADR≥85%, HR=0.3, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.7, p=0.009, and HR=5.5, 95% CI 2.2 to 14, p<0.001, respectively), and for reduced EFS (HR=1.9, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.7, p=0.048, and as IPI score of low/ low-intermediate HR=0.3, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.6, p<0.001, respectively). Furthermore, logrank analysis revealed that CY/ADR-RDI<85% was the significant factor for reduced EFS in non elderly pts (≤60 yrs of age), or in pts with IPI score of low/ low-intermediate (p=0.01, p=0.02, respectively). Conclusion: These data thus suggested the impact of RDI-CY/ADR<85% in influencing outcomes of the pts with DLCL, in terms of CR rate and EFS. Further investigation is currently planned to confirm this promising results with longer follow-up in larger numbers of pts with NHL.
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Gul, Aman, Nassirhadjy Memtily, Aikeranmu Aihemaiti, Amir Abdukadir, and Palidan Wushuer. "Severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in 382 Han and Uyghur patients with sleep disorders." Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine 01, no. 02 (2018): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2575900018500106.
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Objective: Race and ethnicity may impact the prevalence and severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in adults and children. In this study, we aim to investigate the ethnologic influence on OSA severity between Han and Uyghur OSA patients in Xinjiang, China.Methods: We enrolled total of 382 (205 Han and 177 Uyghur) patients diagnosed with OSA with apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) or respiratory disturbance index (RDI) [Formula: see text] 5. During admission, the severity of OSA was evaluated by polysomnography (PSG).Results: From demographic characteristics of enrolled patients, we found that there was no significant difference in sex, age, BMI, and neck circumference between two study populations. Uyghur OSA patients had longer sleep latency, longer REM sleep and N3 stage, but shorter N1 phase than Han OSA patients. AHI and apnea RDI level, but not hypopnea RDI, were evidently higher in Han patients compared with Uyghur patients. There was no distinctive difference between two ethnic populations in average and minimum peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SaO2) level.Conclusion: Better understanding of impact factors encompassing ethnicity may help improve OSA diagnosis accuracy, management and treatment for patients in Xinjiang.
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Bragin, V. V., I. S. Bersenev, G. G. Bardavelidze, A. V. Borodin, N. A. Spirin, and S. A. Zagainov. "Improvement of iron ore pellets metallurgical properties by their fluxing by lime." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 77, no. 1 (2021): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-1-11-19.
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Fluxed iron ore pellets, obtained by application of raw limestone are widely used in the iron ore share of blast furnace charge. Decomposition of the raw limestone in the process of the pellets burning requires considerable energy. The purpose of the work was to study quality variation of raw and burned pellets, as well as metallurgical properties variation, caused by substitution of limestone by burned and slaked lime. Physical simulation of the pelletizing process and pellets burning process was done. In the process of the experiment simulation of total and partial substitution of limestone by lime as well as with partial substitution of limestone by slaked lime was accomplished. Diagrams of plasticity and strength of raw and burned pellets at various shares of limestone, burned and slaked lime presented. It was shown that the strength during reducing RDI-1 (ISO 4696-1) has a tendency to increase when application of lime. Increase of Index RDI+6,3 value accounted for 3.6% (abs.) at application of quicklime and slaked lime correspondently. Index RDI−3,15 value decreased by 1.06% (abs.) and 0.88% (abs.) and that of index RDI−0,5 – by 0.75% (abs.) and 0.8% (abs.) at application of quicklime and slaked lime correspondently. It was assumed that application of slaked lime can contribute to bentonite share decrease and thus to total iron content increase. It was established that application of lime enables to decrease heat consumption for pellets burning. Application of slaked lime instead of limestone in the process of pellets production results in an increase of their strength during reducing and compression strength. This effect enables to reach a higher efficiency in the process of such pellets usage in blast furnace charge or in the process of their metallization, comparing with the usage of pellets fluxed by limestone.
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Shivaani, MV, P. K. Jain, and Surendra S. Yadav. "Development of a risk disclosure index and its application in an Indian context." Managerial Auditing Journal 35, no. 1 (2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-07-2016-1403.
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Purpose This paper aims to gauge the quality of risk disclosure in 3,872 annual reports of Indian corporates, using a risk disclosure index (RDI) developed to capture both quality and quantity of risk disclosures. Design/methodology/approach Focussing on 69 risk items, the paper uses manual textual analysis and scores risk items using an ordinal scale, as opposed to the general practice of using a dichotomous scale. Findings The average risk index is low, but greater in the post-recession period than in the pre-recession period. Most disclosures are qualitative, both backward and forward-looking, and exhibit a negative tone. In addition, company age and industry sector have a significant impact on disclosure levels. Research limitations/implications The choice and weighting of semantic qualities used to construct RDIs used in disclosure studies are inherently subjective. This exploratory study uses univariate analysis and does not explore the reasons for poor disclosure. Practical implications In addition to its usefulness for investors and companies’ management, the findings of non-compliance with certain mandatory provisions and a low average RDI is particularly relevant for policymakers and regulatory bodies. Originality/value Development of a summary measure/RDI that is novel in its differential weighting of the semantic qualities pertaining to quantification, time-orientation and tone. Further, it serves as an exploratory study about risk disclosure practices in the Indian context that reveals notable differences from findings of previous risk disclosure research. Moreover, the study examines the relationship between firms’ age and risk disclosure levels, a largely ignored aspect in disclosure research.
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Zhang, Liheng, Songtao Yang, Weidong Tang, and Xiangxin Xue. "Investigations of MgO on Sintering Performance and Metallurgical Property of High-Chromium Vanadium-Titanium Magnetite." Minerals 9, no. 5 (2019): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9050324.
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High-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite (HCVTM) in the Hongge region has been used as an essential mineral resource in ironmaking. The effects of MgO on sintering performance and metallurgical properties were investigated by sintering pot tests, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). HCVTM sinters with varying MgO contents (2.7–3.5%), which was achieved by adding dolomite, were tested for yield, strength, reduction degradation index (RDI), reduction index (RI), and softening-melting properties. The productivity and the comprehensive index were evaluated. The results show that yield and productivity increased, while the vertical sintering speed and the tumbler index (TI) initially increased then decreased with the increase of MgO content. The mineral structure of HCVTM sinter changed from a non-uniform state to a uniform state with increased MgO content. Most of the Mg2+ entered the magnetite lattice, while a small amount entered the perovskite and the calcium silicate. The increase of MgO content improved RDI and softening-melting properties while reducing RI. The best recommended amount of MgO was 3.3% from the comprehensive index.
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Spinoni, J., T. Antofie, P. Barbosa, et al. "An overview of drought events in the Carpathian Region in 1961–2010." Advances in Science and Research 10, no. 1 (2013): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-10-21-2013.
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Abstract. The Carpathians and their rich biosphere are considered to be highly vulnerable to climate change. Drought is one of the major climate-related damaging natural phenomena and in Europe it has been occurring with increasing frequency, intensity, and duration in the last decades. Due to climate change, land cover changes, and intensive land use, the Carpathian Region is one of the areas at highest drought risk in Europe. In order to analyze the drought events over the last 50 yr in the area, we used a 1961–2010 daily gridded temperature and precipitation dataset. From this, monthly 0.1° × 0.1° grids of four drought indicators (Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Reconnaissance Drought Indicator (RDI), and Palfai Aridity/Drought Index (PADI)) have been calculated. SPI, SPEI, and RDI have been computed at different time scales (3, 6, and 12 months), whilst PADI has been computed on an annual basis. The dataset used in this paper has been constructed in the framework of the CARPATCLIM project, run by a consortium of institutions from 9 countries (Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Ukraine) with scientific support by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission. Temperature and precipitation station data have been collected, quality-checked, completed, homogenized, and interpolated on the 0.1° × 0.1° grid, and drought indicators have been consequently calculated on the grid itself. Monthly and annual series of the cited indicators are presented, together with high-resolution maps and statistical analysis of their correlation. A list of drought events between 1961 and 2010, based on the agreement of the indicators, is presented. We also discuss three case studies: drought in 1990, 2000, and 2003. The drought indicators have been compared both on spatial and temporal scales: it resulted that SPI, SPEI, and RDI are highly comparable, especially over a 12-month accumulation period. SPEI, which includes PET (Potential Evapo-Transpiration) as RDI does, proved to perform best if drought is caused by heat waves, whilst SPI performed best if drought is mainly driven by a rainfall deficit, because SPEI and RDI can be extreme in dry periods. According to PADI, the Carpathian Region has a sufficient natural water supply on average, with some spots that fall into the ''mild dry'' class, and this is also confirmed by the FAO-UNEP aridity index and the Köppen-Geiger climate classification.
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Listya, Amifta Farah, Donny Harisuseno, and Ery Suhartanto. "Analisis Kekeringan Meteorologi dengan Menggunakan Metode Standardized Precipitation (SPI) dan Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) di DAS Lekso Kabupaten Blitar." Jurnal Teknologi dan Rekayasa Sumber Daya Air 1, no. 2 (2021): 672–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtresda.2021.001.02.28.
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Kekeringan dapat didefinisikan pengurangan persediaan air yang bersifat sementara secara signifikan di bawah normal. Bencana kekeringan yang terjadi di Indonesia saat ini mengakibatkan daerah kekurangan suplai air untuk kebutuhan hidup, pertanian, dan kegiatan ekonomi dalam masa yang berkepanjangan. Meninjau dampak yang ditimbulkan, maka diperlukan analisis untuk daerah-daerah yang memiliki potensi terjadinya bencana kekeringan. Terdapat beberapa metode yang dikembangkan untuk menganalisis kekeringan, seperti SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) dan RDI (Reconnaissance Drought Index), sehingga mengetahui tingkat dan karakteristik kekeringan suatu daerah. Setelah melakukan analisis dengan kedua indeks tersebut dilakukan pengambaran peta sebaran kekeringan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografi sehingga mempermudah menginterpretasikan daerah yang mengalami potensi kekeringan pada DAS Lekso , serta dapat melakukan upaya-upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan bahaya bencana kekeringan. hasil penelitian menunjukkan puncak kekeringan metode SPI periode defisit 1 bulan terjadi Mei tahun 2005 dengan wilayah desa yaitu Desa Slumbung, Balerejo, Semen, Tulungrejo dan Soso. Sedangkan pada metode RDI , puncak kekeringan terjadi pada bulan Mei tahun 2005 dengan wilayah desa yang mengalami kekeringan yaitu Desa Slumbung, Balerejo, Semen, Tulungrejo dan Soso. Berdasarkan analisis kesesuaian antara indeks kekeringan dengan data Southern Oscillation Indeks, disimpulkan bahwa perhitungan indeks kekeringan metode RDI memiliki prosentase tingkat kesesuaian lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan metode indeks kekeringan SPI.
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Alonso-Álvarez, María Luz, Joaquin Terán-Santos, Ana Isabel Navazo-Egüia, et al. "Treatment outcomes of obstructive sleep apnoea in obese community-dwelling children: the NANOS study." European Respiratory Journal 46, no. 3 (2015): 717–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00013815.
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The first line of treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) in children consists of adenotonsillectomy (T&A). The aim of the present study was to evaluate treatment outcomes of OSAS among obese children recruited from the community.A cross-sectional, prospective, multicentre study of Spanish obese children aged 3–14 years, with four groups available for follow-up: group 1: non-OSAS with no treatment; group 2: dietary treatment; group 3: surgical treatment; and group 4: continuous positive airway pressure treatment.117 obese children (60 boys, 57 girls) with a mean age of 11.3±2.9 years completed the initial (T0) and follow-up (T1)assessments. Their mean body mass index (BMI) at T1was 27.6±4.7 kg·m−2, corresponding to a BMI Z-score of 1.34±0.59. Mean respiratory disturbance index (RDI) at follow-up was 3.3±3.9 events·h−1. Among group 1 children, 21.2% had an RDI ≥3 events·h−1at T1, the latter being present in 50% of group 2, and 43.5% in group 3. In the binary logistic regression model, age emerged as a significant risk factor for residual OSAS (odds ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.01–2.23; p<0.05) in obese children surgically treated, and RDI at T0as well as an increase in BMI emerged as significant risk factors for persistent OSAS in obese children with dietary treatment (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.09–3.02 (p<0.03) and OR 8.71, 95% CI 1.24–61.17 (p=0.03)).Age, RDI at diagnosis and obesity are risk factors for relatively unfavourable OSAS treatment outcomes at follow-up.
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Woodson, B. Tucker, and Shiro Fujita. "Clinical Experience with Lingualplasty as Part of the Treatment of Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 107, no. 1 (1992): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989210700107.
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Because uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) as the sole procedure for severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is often inadequate, multiple other procedures have been developed. These have been directed at other sites of potential collapse of the upper airway. Initial experience with midline glossectomy (MLG) has shown direct modification of the tongue base to be an effective procedure in a subset of patients with OSAS. Lingualplasty, a modification of MLG, is demonstrated to provide an improved response rate. Twenty-two consecutive patients with severe OSAS and Fujita type II airway classification (retropalatal, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal compromise) underwent lingualplasty. Fourteen patients had previously undergone unsuccessful UPPP. Eight had synchronous lingualplasty and UPPP. All were selected for lingualplasty because of obstructive tongue base anatomy. Responders were defined as having a respiratory disturbance index (RDI) of less than 20 events/hour. For the entire group, 17 of 22 (77%) were classified as responders, with RDI decreasing from 58.8 ± 39.5 events/hour to 8.1 ± 6.2 events/hour. Lingualplasty, as an isolated procedure, resulted in a 79% responder rate, with RDI decreasing from 50.2 events/hour to 8.6 events/hour. There were no significant changes in the RDI of the nonresponder groups. No differences were identified that discriminated responders from nonresponders, including age, body mass index, or cephalometry. There were six complications (27%), including bleeding (3), tongue edema (1), prolonged odynophagia (1), and subcutaneous emphysema related to tracheotomy (1). All resolved with treatment. These results indicate that in appropriately selected patients who do not respond to UPPP, lingualplasty Is a significant improvement over MLG.
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Pinillos, Virginia, Sonia Ibáñez, Jéssica M. Cunha, Juan J. Hueso, and Julián Cuevas. "Postveraison Deficit Irrigation Effects on Fruit Quality and Yield of “Flame Seedless” Table Grape Cultivated under Greenhouse and Net." Plants 9, no. 11 (2020): 1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111437.
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Lack of color in the skin of red table grape varieties is a serious problem in areas of warm climate. This problem is often addressed by the application of ethylene release products such as ethephon. Strict regulation in the use of this product in EU forces European grape producers to look for suitable alternatives. With the aim to increase red skin color, we applied regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies from veraison until harvest on “Flame Seedless” table grape vines cultivated under nets and under a plastic greenhouse in South East Spain, and compared yield and fruit quality with vines fully irrigated under the same net and plastic greenhouses. Our results show a modest improvement in the percentage of commercial clusters with better skin color, probably because the short duration of the deficit irrigation period only caused a slight decrease in soil water content and a mild water stress in RDI vines. Larger differences were observed under the more limiting conditions of the plastic greenhouse for light environment, especially when berry skin color was measured by CIRG (color index of red grape). More noticeable effect of RDI was noted on fruit earliness. Water savings were also remarkable. Negative effects of RDI on berry size or total soluble solid content were not perceived. Our results suggest that RDI is a suitable strategy to save irrigation water without substantial negative effects on yield and berry size. However, the effects on skin color were insufficient in the trial conditions.
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Miller, Frank R., Daniel Watson, and David Malis. "Role of the tongue base suspension suture with The Repose System bone screw in the multilevel surgical management of obstructive sleep apnea." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 126, no. 4 (2002): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mhn.2002.123548.
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OBJECTIVE: The Repose System (tongue base suspension) is a new, minimally invasive technique for tongue base suspension in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. The purpose of this project was to describe our preliminary experience using this tongue base suspension system in conjunction with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) in the multilevel surgical approach to the management of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 19 consecutive patients undergoing UPPP and The Repose System tongue base suspension for the management of obstructive sleep apnea during a 1-year period (1998 through 1999). RESULTS: Fifteen patients (11 men and 4 women) had complete preoperative and postoperative polysomnographic data. A 46% reduction in the preoperative respiratory disturbance index (RDI) (38.7 ± 12.3) versus the postoperative RDI (21.0 ± 7.4, P < 0.05) was demonstrated at a mean of 3.8 months after surgery. The apnea index demonstrated a 39% reduction. The surgical cure rate was 20% (3 of 15 patients). CONCLUSIONS: The Repose System in conjunction with UPPP has been shown to produce significant reductions in the RDI and apnea index as well as a significant increase in O2 saturation. Despite the improvement in these objective parameters, the overall surgical cure rate was only 20% (3 of 15 patients) in this retrospective series. Further research is warranted to define the role of The Repose System in the management of obstructive sleep apnea patients with multilevel airway obstruction.
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Driver, Helen S., Effie J. Pereira, Kathryn Bjerring, et al. "Validation of the MediByte®Type 3 Portable Monitor Compared with Polysomnography for Screening of Obstructive Sleep Apnea." Canadian Respiratory Journal 18, no. 3 (2011): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/760958.
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BACKGROUND: Portable monitors are increasingly being used as a diagnostic screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and in-laboratory validation of these devices with polysomnography (PSG) is required.OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability of the MediByte (Braebon Medical Corporation, Canada) type 3 screening device compared with overnight PSG.METHODS: To cover a range of OSA severity, a consecutive series of patients wore the screening device while simultaneously undergoing PSG. Data acquired from the screener and PSG were blinded and scored separately. The number of apneas and hypopneas per hour were calculated using recording time (respiratory disturbance index [RDI]) for the MediByte device, and sleep time (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI]) for PSG.RESULTS: Data from 73 patients with a mean age of 53 years and body mass index of 32.2 kg/m2showed high measurement association between the RDI and AHI, with a Pearson correlation of 0.92, accounting for 85% of the variance. Based on Bland-Altman measurement agreement, the mean difference between the RDI and AHI (−5.9±11.2 events/h) indicated screener under-reporting. For an AHI of greater than 15 events/h, the sensitivity and specificity of the screener was 80% and 97%, respectively; for an AHI of greater than 30 events/h, the positive predictive value was 100%, while the negative predictive value was 88%.CONCLUSION: The MediByte device accurately identified patients without OSA and had a high sensitivity for moderate-to-severe OSA.
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Moritz, William E. "Survey of North American Bicycle Commuters: Design and Aggregate Results." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1578, no. 1 (1997): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1578-12.
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Although interest exists in promoting bicycle commuting to help meet air quality and commuter-trip reduction goals, there are virtually no data on bicycle commuters. A comprehensive survey, distributed over the Internet and by mail, of such commuters has been conducted, with 2,374 responses received from all regions of the United States and Canada. Information was gathered in seven categories: about your commuting; about the facilities you use; about your bike; about your motivation; about safety/accidents; about your health; and about you and your household. Comments were also collected. Although the average bicycle commuter is a 39-year-old male professional with a household income in excess of $45,000 per year who rides 10.6 months per year, nearly one in five respondents was female. Average annual bicycle-commuting distance was 3100 km, although these same cyclists rode an average of 5500 km for all trip purposes. Just under 10 percent reported having an accident in the previous 12 months. A relative danger index ( RDI) for various bicycle facilities that relates accident frequency to distance traveled on each facility type is presented. A higher number indicates greater danger. Based on the data in this sample, major streets without bicycle facilities have an RDI of 1.26; minor streets, an RDI of 1.04; streets with bike lanes or bike routes, an RDI of 0.50; bike paths, an RDI of 0.67 and sidewalks, an RDI of 5.30. With the 7.3 million km of bicycle commuting reported, an annual accident rate of 37.1 per million km was calculated. The results of this survey should be of interest to policy makers, businesses, and advocates interested in promoting the use of the bicycle for transportation purposes.
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Agha, OmarM A. Mahmood, and Nermin Şarlak. "ANALYSIS OF METEOROLOGICAL DROUGHT IN IRAQ USING THE RECONNAISSANCE DROUGHT INDEX (RDI)." International Journal of Advanced Research 5, no. 3 (2017): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/3535.
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Anton, M., W. J. H. Veldkamp, I. Hernandez-Giron, and C. Elster. "RDI$\!-\!$a regression detectability index for quality assurance in: x-ray imaging." Physics in Medicine & Biology 65, no. 8 (2020): 085017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ab7b2e.
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