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1
Садиков, Г. Н., М. Е. Жидко та Ю. И. Гулый. "ИНСТИНКТ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ – СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ АДАПТАЦИЯ ИНСТИНКТА САМОСОХРАНЕНИЯ". Humanities journal, № 3 (22 грудня 2018): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/gch.2018.3.10.
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The instinct of self-preservation can be considered as the main instinct, it is directly related to other instincts, such as: the maternal instinct, the instinct of hunger, thirst instinct, instinct of power, sexual instinct, and all of these instincts are responsible for the preserving life and its continuation. Nowadays, in the conditions of scientific and technological progress, man has developed the habitat and is going to develop a new habitat – technosphere, one feature of which is the progressive increase in the amount of dangers, such as: technological, social and political, biomedical, ecological, etc.; thus, in these changed circumstances the instinct of self-preservation can be described as the instinct for safety. The protective mechanisms generated by scientific and technological progress against the danger have not formed for a human in the process of evolution. An example is penetrating radiation, the consequences that may be the cause of death or a significant deterioration in human health. The consequences of penetrating radiation are well acknowledged, since no senses perceiving it and the perceived danger launches the instinct of self-preservation. The foundation of this launch is an instinctive fear for life and health. In the conditions of scientific progress growth rates and the amount of dangers generated by the progress, the instinct for safety is necessary as synonymous with the instinct of self-preservation. The justification of it can be the fact, that it’s not possible to stop the development of scientific progress, it will keep providing regular danger, because it’s unreal for the modern society to keep away from the benefits of civilization.At present, the security has become a constantly increasing social significance. The confirmation of the significance is the initiation of the mandatory subject «Safety of vital activity» at schools and universities. The subject «Safety of vital activity» for the universities is particularly important, since an alumnus of university becomes entitled to hold senior posts and responsibility for security of the managed enterprise and the team of employees. The chief has a moral, administrative responsibility and even criminal liability in the event of employee injury.Human instincts, in contrast to animal instincts, in which they are realized in full and unchanged form recorded in the genome, are controlled by it and subject to its conscious activity, formed in the process of its socialization. On this basis, individual authors replace the instinct of self-preservation in man with the concept of homeostatic regulation, also formed in the process of evolution. Homeostasis and homeostatic regulation in terms of its functional content is the instinct of the constancy of the internal environment of the organism, as well as all the instincts formed in the process of evolution. An illustrative example in the resolution of these contradictions is the description of the behavior of people in the wreck of such ships as the Titanic and Lusitania. The chances of survival were about 30%; on both ships there were not enough lifeboats. The difference was in the sinking speed. The speed of the sinking of ships affected the behavior of people: on board the rapidly sinking «Lusitania», everyone was for himself, so the most viable had more chances to escape. It should be noted that in both cases there was a pronounced stress. Slow sinking «Titanic» allowed people to follow the accepted social norms – to save in the first place children and women. At the same time, everyone realized that he was doing this to the detriment of himself, that is, ignored his own instinct of self-preservation. This analysis illustrates, that it takes time, there should be a certain place, favorable conditions and the personality in demonstration of the instinct of self-preservation by human, but it does not mean that the instinct is absent at the genome.
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Chimakonam, Jonathan O., and Dorothy N. Oluwagbemi-Jacob. "Self-Preservation and Coloniality." Dialogue and Universalism 33, no. 1 (2023): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/du20233317.
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In this paper, we will critically examine the notion of rationality and the disabling instinct of self-preservation that play out in human relationships. That “man is a rational animal,” as Aristotle declared is usually taken for granted in social studies. But whether humans act rationally all the time, and in all circumstances remains questionable. Here, we shall investigate this concern from a decolonial perspective by engaging some contradictions thrown up in the context of coloniality within which a section of humanity dehumanizes the rest. The question then is, how rational is the intellectual program of coloniality? Taking a cue from conversational thinking that places the notion of relationship at the center of decolonial analysis, we argue that coloniality fractures the inter and intra-racial relationships due mainly to the instinct of self-preservation that overwhelms human rationality. What has emerged today as the superior/inferior divide, racialism, classism, internal colonialism, ethnic cleansing, apartheid, xenophobia, and genocide are some of the consequences of warped and uncritical thinking driven by an extreme form of the instinct of self-preservation. We argue that the promotion of critical (higher-order) thinking in addition to ordinary (lower-order) thinking could be crucial in a decolonial program.
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Pang, Hiu Kei Evelyn. "THE UNSEEN MASTERPIECES OF OUR INSTINCTS: EXPLORING THE PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS ONE'S INSTINCT OF SELF-PRESERVATION HAS BROUGHT UPON SOCIETY." INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH JOURNAL - IERJ 10, no. 11 (2024): 142–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15608551.
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This paper explores the profound role of the self-preservation instinct in shaping human progress across physical, psychological, and societal dimensions. Drawing on historical and contemporary examples, the study highlights how this primal instinct has driven collective interdependence, the development of advanced medical technologies, and the evolution of societal norms and laws. It examines instances of cooperation, such as group hunting in prehistoric times, alongside modern achievements like targeted cancer therapies and the reform of legal systems in response to injustices. By analyzing the interplay between the instinct for survival and human ingenuity, this paper emphasizes the interconnectedness of biology, culture, and innovation. Additionally, it addresses counterarguments and limitations, such as the complexity of defining instincts and the external factors influencing human behavior. This research encourages deeper exploration into the subconscious processes governing instincts and their far-reaching implications for human evolution, societal cohesion, and individual well-being.
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Temur, Z. Kalanov. "BRAIN Journal - Man versus Computer: Difference of the Essences. The Problem of the Scientific Creation." BRAIN: Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience 8, no. 2 (2017): 151–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1045075.
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ABSTRACT In this study it is proposed the critical analysis of the creation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). The unity of formal logic and rational dialectics is the methodological basis of the analysis. The main results of the analysis are as follows: (1) the model of man represents the unity of the two material aspects: “physiological body” (controllable aspect) and “psychical body” (controlling aspect); (2) the “psychical body” is the subsystem “subconsciousness + consciousness”; (3) in the comprehensive sense of the word, the thinking is an attribute of the complete system “physiological body + psychical body + environment”. (3) in the broad sense of the word, thinking and creativity are an essential feature of the subsystem “subconsciousness + consciousness”; (4) in the narrow (concise) sense of the word, thinking and creativity are the attribute of the instinct of the conservation (preservation, retention, maintenance) of life (i.e., the self-preservation instinct, the survival instinct); the instinct of the conservation of life exists in subconsciousness; (5) the instinct of life conservation is a system of elementary (basic) instincts; thinking is the attribute of the each elementary instinct; (6) the mechanism of thinking and the essence of creation cannot be cognized by men; (7) a computer as a device cannot think and create (in particular, it cannot prove theorems), because a computer does not have the subconsciousness; (8) the modeling of human thinking, Human Intellect, and the creation of AI and AGI are the impossible because the essential properties of the complete system “man + environment” cannot be cognized and modeled; (9) the existence of AI and AGI conflicts with the essence of the thinking; (10) the existence of AI and AGI contradict to formal-logical and rational-dialectical laws.
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Ben, Patrick Effiong. "The Paradox of Ambivalent Human Interest in Innocent Asouzu’s Complementary Ethics: A Critical Inquiry." Filosofia Theoretica: Journal of African Philosophy, Culture and Religions 11, no. 2 (2022): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ft.v11i2.7.
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In this paper, I argue that the cause of morally self-defeating acts at the collective level is greed and, at the individual level, an unrestrained impulse for pleasure beyond Innocent Asouzu’s primordial instinct for self-preservation and ignorance. In investigating why humans act in self-defeating ways, Asouzu came up with two possible factors responsible for self-defeating acts: The primordial instinct for selfpreservation and ignorance. Besides Asouzu’s explanation, I here argue that the problem of self-defeating acts goes beyond the primordial instinct for selfpreservation and ignorance to reveal a flaw characteristic of the human condition. At the collective level, the flaw responsible for self-defeating acts is greed and the unrestrained impulse for pleasure at the individual level. I employ the conversational method to interrogate the different views on self-defeating acts from Socrates to Asouzu and show why my explanation offers a better understanding of the problem.
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Kalnoy, I. I. "Legal Nihilism and Its Foundation." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 1, no. 4 (2014): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls17967.
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Ontological bases of legal nihilism are being considered in this article. Methodology of anthropological direction is claimed. Nihilism sources as one of the forms of protest consciousness are rooted in man`s nature. Myth culture adapted biological instincts. It declared about itself as a cradle of people generation. Man went through his formation and development in conditions of different culture but myth culture didn`t vanish. It found its status of man eternal satellite. Man in his development went the way through anthroposociogenesis from protoman till modern man. He preserved the connection with nature at the level of will to life development. He will to life realizes itself through the instinct of self-preservation. Positive and negative aspects of man behavior are laid in this instinct which is the indirect cause of legal nihilism, conflict and «not right».
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Barlev, Adam, and Dipankar Sen. "DNA’s Encounter with Ultraviolet Light: An Instinct for Self-Preservation?" Accounts of Chemical Research 51, no. 2 (2018): 526–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00582.
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Filimonov, Igor A. "To Similarity of Gas-Solid Spin Combustion and Chains of Volcanos." Journal of Mineral and Material Science (JMMS) 4, no. 3 (2023): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.54026/jmms/1065.
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Everyone has seen volcanoes in movies, on TV or in nature, but no one has proved the real connection of volcanoes with wildlife. We are going, however, to do so in part. The mini-review presented below focuses on this particular goal of us. In wildlife, among living cells, microorganisms and viruses, the behavior of individual objects or their populations is explained by the instinct of self-preservation of both individuals and the population as a whole. We have considered 2 objects as the examples from an in animated nature related by topological similarity: spin combustion and movement of volcano chains along the surface of the Earth and found that they both exhibit very similar behavior which can be interpreted as a manifestation of the instinct of self-preservation in an in animated nature. Thus, the clustering and synchronization inherent in both spin combustion and volcano chains represent themselves the laws of self-preservation in non-living nature. These laws may serve as a basis for further joint studies of living and non- living nature in the same key, or in the same way
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Raniszewska-Wyrwa, Agnieszka. "Problem samobójstw w perspektywie psychiatrycznej i psychologicznej." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica, no. 14 (January 1, 2010): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1427-969x.14.03.
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Suicide is a type of behaviour which assumes the need of overcoming the instinct of self-preservation, as well as overcoming the natural fear of death; it is therefore an act which is in contradiction with basic human instincts. Scientists looking for the answer to the question, what makes people decide that they want to end their life, focus on different aspects of the problem, and as a consequence it is possible to distinguish several directions of suicidal behaviour analysis; they include, among others, psychiatric and psychological directions. Psychiatry analyses suicide in the context of psychological disorders of a person. Psychology studies self-destructive behaviours with particular focus on human psychology, motivation, personality and consciousness of the made decision. Findings of those sciences will be the subject of this article.
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Garwood, Alfred. "Life, Death and the Power of Powerlessness." Group Analysis 34, no. 1 (2001): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/05333160122077613.
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In this article I endeavour to explore and clarify how the simple starting point of the biological given, the instinct for self-preservation, in part explains man's response to life, death and powerlessness, and how sensitization to primal psychic agony has shaped the development of man's psyche and civilization. General practice exposes the clinician to major events of life from birth to death. Training now addresses the social and psychological aspects of the patient's `management'. The broad mixture of disciplines and experiences struggled with in primary care has shaped and informed this article. In addition, the hypotheses and arguments are derived from my researches into Holocaust trauma in which annihilation threat, powerlessness, loss and the self-preservative instinct are central.
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Olszewska, Aneta, Agata Daktera-Micker, Katarzyna Cieślińska, Ewa Firlej, and Barbara Biedziak. "Auto-aggressive behavior in dental patients." Journal of Medical Science 86, no. 1 (2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20883/jms.2017.210.
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Auto-aggression can be defined as all actions that aim to inflict mental or physical harm to oneself. It can be caused by a dysfunction of the self-preservation instinct, which can manifest in life-threatening self-mutilation tendencies. Auto-aggression can also be one of the symptoms of psychiatric or emotional dysfunctions such as borderline personality disorder, psychopathy or schizophrenia. A dental appointment, being usually a source of great stress, can induce certain auto-aggressive behaviors as well as dental examination can show some lesions or abnormal changes of anatomical structures in the oral cavity which should be thoroughly examined and treated multidisciplinary according to patient’s behavior.
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Shevchenko, Yehor. "ACTUAL ISSUES OF TRAINING OF FUTURE WORKERS OF THE SOCIAL SPHERE FOR SELF-PRESERVATION IN PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES IN MODERN CONDITIONS." Scientific Journal of Khortytsia National Academy, no. 2023-9 (December 20, 2023): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51706/2707-3076-2023-9-13.
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The article presents a theoretical analysis of some modern problems of professional training of future workers in the social sphere for self-preservation in the period of martial law. According to the purpose of the research, the need to clarify and expand the meaning of the concept of "self-preservation", which is traditionally associated with a natural instinct, special behavior in stressful situations, has been identified. Manifestations of self-preservation of future workers in the social sphere are noted, including: self-knowledge, awareness of emotions, moods, feelings, self-acceptance; analysis and adequate assessment of one's condition; understanding of one's capabilities, abilities (mainly physical, intellectual, mental); self-control and stress resistance; self-motivation, overcoming internal barriers to achieve the goal; critical thinking in various situations, the ability to quickly find a way out, generate new ideas; predict emotional and professional burnout, as the need to preserve one's own mental health while performing official duties. Based on the analysis of domestic scientific psychological and pedagogical sources, the problem of the lack of targeted and substantiated research on the formation of self-preservation skills in future workers of the social sphere, which would take into account current events on the territory of Ukraine and the needs of citizens for help, support and protection, who suffered from military aggression, was revealed from the Russian Federation, were forced to evacuate to safe places, were subjected to mental and moral pressure. The article reveals the peculiarities of volunteering as a way of practical implementation of self-preservation of future specialists during the period of martial law. During the study, the need to modernize the existing system of professional training of future workers in the social sphere for self-preservation and work in martial law conditions was revealed. Modern educational and professional programs do not foresee the need for the formation of skills for self-preservation, do not contain special disciplines, and therefore cannot provide high-quality training of highly qualified specialists. In addition, it has been proven that the professional activity of future workers in the social sphere is closely related to health (physical, mental, social, spiritual), therefore, in the process of obtaining higher education, one should strive for awareness of the internal connections between health and self-preservation.
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Manzo, Silvia. "Francis Bacon on Self-Care, Divination, and the Nature–Fortune Distinction." Early Science and Medicine 28, no. 1 (2023): 120–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20230067.
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Abstract In presenting self-preservation as the most general law of nature, set at the summit of the structure of the natural world, Francis Bacon characterized the universal appetite for self-preservation as an innate instinct which, in the case of living beings, is primarily associated with the emotion of fear. Bacon’s philosophy offers several techniques of self-care to manage the fear of accidents of fortune from which the existence and well-being of the self is under constant threat. This article reconstructs Bacon’s treatment of divinatory arts and their contributions to self-care. We will explore how he adopts traditional divinatory arts and reforms them: oneirocritics, physiognomy, and astrology. We will contend that Bacon’s approach to divinatory arts as techniques for self-care and the management of fortune shows some salient points shared with his natural philosophy: in both cases, the approach is hermeneutical, with the goal of exerting human power. With regard both to nature and to fortune, however, our power to modify the state of things extends only so far. The range of decisions we can make is not unlimited but encompasses only what is “in our power,” that is, what depends on us.
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Yu.O., Demianenko, and Mykhailenko O.O. "Analysis of suicide behavior causes in context of psychoanalytical theory." Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Education. Social and Behavioural Sciences 2020, no. 2 (2020): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjeducation.2020.02.070.
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The article examines the views of scientists on the causes of suicide and suicidal behavior in the psychoanalytic tradition context. The research presents a retrospective vision of psychoanalysts of the suicide phenomenon. Based on the theoretical analysis, the authors try to generalize the understanding of the causes and motives of suicidal behavior in psychoanalytic theory. The desire to solve certain life problems motivates people to overcome their inferiority. The article raises issues related to the psychodynamic understanding of the mechanisms of suicidal decision, through the struggle of the instincts of Eros (instinct of life) and Thanatos (instinct of death), the struggle of “I” with the “Super- I”, or through the unconscious metaphorical desire to return to the womb, symbolic acceleration degeneration. There is no unity in the issue of suicide; representatives of different scientific fields, followers of many psychological schools consider it from different angles. Some individuals fail to do so; they begin to feel the need to destroy others. The desire to solve certain life problems motivates people to overcome their inferiority. But if some individuals fail to do so, they begin to feel the need to destroy others. Suicide in this context becomes a covert attack on other people. Through self-destruction, a person seeks to evoke compassion for himself and condemnation of those responsible for his low self-esteem. Psychoanalytic approach primarily tries to explain the phenomenon of suicide by internal unconscious processes, the struggle of “Me” with “Super-Me”. Considering the psychoanalysts’ views, it is concluded that suicide in the psychoanalytic concept is primarily seen as an internal urge arising in the psyche and over time is stimulated by external factors, the struggle between instincts of self-preservation and self-destruction is at the heart of the process. Based on the theoretical analysis, the authors try to generalize the understanding of the causes and motives of suicidal behavior in psychoanalytic theory. Based on the views of psychoanalysts, it is concluded that suicide in the psychoanalytic concept is primarily seen as an internal motivation that arises in the psyche and over time is stimulated by external factors, at the heart of this process is the struggle between instincts and self-destruction. Thus, the authors conclude that the psychoanalytic approach, which considers suicide as an act of self-destructive tendencies of the individual, autoaggressive behavior, which is an unconscious way to punish himself and tries to explain the phenomenon of suicide, primarily internal unconscious processes, struggle “I” and “Super-I”. Key words: psychoanalysis, suicide, suicidal behavior, autoaggression.
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Hantos, János. "The Fundamental Principles are vital to the unity of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement." International Review of the Red Cross 30, no. 275 (1990): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002086040007532x.
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The historical importance of the principles and ideals that influence human activities can be measured by their expansion, their impact and their duration.It is humanity's instinct for self-preservation that has made the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement what it is—a vital force that has for decades played a decisive part in enriching human values; after 125 years of life it has lost none of its attraction, its influence is widespread and its membership steadily growing. Unquestionably its influence extends throughout the world, even though its development is beset with difficulties.
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Zimmermann, Stephan. "Vernünftige Selbstliebe." Philosophisches Jahrbuch 131, no. 1 (2024): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0031-8183-2024-1-55.
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In the Discours sur l’inégalité, Rousseau introduces the key concept of love of oneself (amour de soi-même). He conceives it as an original impulse in human beings, one that can historically be found even before the development of reason. Rousseau understands love of oneself as the instinct for self-preservation, which every animal is believed to possess by nature. However, as human reason develops, the self of the now possible love of oneself changes. Rousseau initially presents only the negative manifestation of the rational self, which is characterized by self-love (amour-propre). The Contrat social, although it speaks neither of love of oneself nor of self-love, provides its positive manifestation. I will argue that rational love of oneself, as evinced by Émile (published at the same time), is the moral ethos of the citizen.
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KRUTIKOV, Anton. "“Some deputies hesitated until the last moment.” On the road to Ukrainian independence." Perspectives and prospects. E-journal, no. 2/3 (25/26) (2021): 142–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32726/2411-3417-2021-2-3-142-158.
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The reluctant alliance between Ukrainian nationalists and the Communist Party and economic nomenklatura in August 1991 was one of the key factors in the declaration of Ukrainian independence. The Ukrainian political class preserved its monolithic character, which was reflected in the decorative and mostly formal changes that took place in the country after 1991. Instead of a profound transformation of the political system and structure of the political power, Ukrainian society received essentially the same set of institutions, political practices and actors. Personal interests of Ukrainian elites, guided by the instinct for self-preservation, played a decisive role.
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Kharkova, O. K., A. G. Soloviev, and J. O. Odland. "Biopsychosocial approach in studying the personality of women with different smoking behavior during pregnancy." V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY, no. 3 (October 6, 2019): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31363/2313-7053-2019-3-86-92.
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The aim of the study was to explore the personality of women with different smoking behavior during pregnancy using a biopsychosocial approach. Women aged 18-38 years who were hospitalized in the maternity hospitals of Arkhangelsk were enrolled to the study. Pregnant women were divided into three groups depending on the tobacco history: “smokers”, “quitters” and “non-smokers”. As a result of the study, we determined variation in social, biological and psychological components of the personality of women with different smoking behavior during pregnancy. Thus, quitting smoking during pregnancy was more common in married women, and those who had a non-smoking father of the child. Women who stopped smoking during first trimester in compared to smokers were more introverted, had more frequently an instinct of “self-preservation” and “research”. Values of euphoric type of psychological component of gestational dominant and self-esteem were higher among women who stopped smoking during pregnancy in compared to smokers. Smokers in compared to non-smokers had a lower social and economic status, were more often extroverted, emotionally unstable, rigid, less often had a strong development of the instinct «procreation», «research», «altruism», but more often «liberty». Moreover, smokers showed higher rates of depressive, anxious of psychological component of gestational dominant and weaker development of self-esteem and will. So, the revealed features demonstrate those targets to which preventive measures should be directed.
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Gray, Richard T. "Accounting for Pleasure: Sigmund Freud, Carl Menger, and the Economically Minded Human Being." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 127, no. 1 (2012): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2012.127.1.122.
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There is a surprising coherence between the human self-understanding and worldview that underpin the theoretical program of the Austrian marginalist economist Carl Menger (1840–1921), first articulated in his 1871 Grundsätze der Volkswirthschaftslehre (Principles of Economics), and Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic project. Both are grounded in a Hobbesian-Darwinian emphasis on monadic individuals guided by egoistic drives, self-interest, and a competitive struggle for individual advantage (Birken, Consuming Desire 1–39). Both, moreover, are steeped in a kind of Malthusian pessimism that invokes increasing scarcity of resources as the underlying cause of human existential anxiety and as the defining feature of human interactions with the “real” world of commodities (Riesman 3). For the Mengerian marginalist as for the Freudian psychoanalyst, the driving forces behind human life are existential need, the instinct for self-preservation and self-improvement, and the development of successful strategies for managing and satisfying needs.
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Partouche-Sebban, Judith. "Online Interactions as a Terror Management Mechanism." International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction 12, no. 4 (2016): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijthi.2016100103.
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Death is source of fascination and fear and the deny of death is at the basis of the human motivation. Terror Management Theory suggests that death awareness and the fundamental instinct of self-preservation create a potential for anxiety that individuals try to face by using different mechanisms oriented toward self-esteem striving. While existing research deals with the role of close relationships in the terror management, research on how online interactions may serve as a terror mechanism is lacking. This research seeks to examine the relationship between death anxiety and Facebook use. A quantitative study was conducted among 181 participants. Results show a positive relationship between death anxiety and Facebook use, as Facebook is a means to present a valuable self-image and gain social recognition. Contributions for social marketing in particular and limits of the study are discussed.
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Egorov, Dmitry. "On the Ontologization of Socio-Ethical Choice: Why do Some People Want to Live in a Solidary Society, and Others in a Competitive Society?" Respublica Literaria 6, no. 1 (2025): 5–15. https://doi.org/10.47850/rl.2025.6.1.5-15.
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An analysis of the main approaches to the foundations of ethics is carried out. It is shown that reason is not an opposition to egoism: in most cases, when talking about the rational justification of morality, it implies the desire to justify morality as a derivative of the instinct of self-preservation. It is also shown that reducing the ideological choice of liberalism-socialism only to profit and/or manipulation is an inadequate simplification of the issue. The possibility of ontologizing socio-ethical choice in the field of ideology based on the previously proposed dualistic approach to solving the mind-body problem is explained.
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Virna, Zhanna. "PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY OF INDIVIDUAL: DIACHRONY FROM THE INSTINCT OF SELF-PRESERVATION TO THE CONSTRUCTIVE ORGANIZATION OF LIFE." KELM (Knowledge, Education, Law, Management), no. 5 (2023): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51647/kelm.2023.5.16.
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Kornieiev, Sergii. "Space of Reasoning of Individual Common Sense in Cognitive Architecture AGICA." American Journal of Artificial Intelligence 9, no. 1 (2025): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajai.20250901.11.
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This article examines the problem of forming basic concepts in robots within the framework of the development of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). The theories of concept formation in infants were reviewed. There is the consensus that in this early period of human cognitive development the basic concepts and reasoning are established that was named “common sense”. In the article common sense will be seen from two perspectives: individual and collective ones. This article is devoted to the formation of individual concepts of common sense in robots. In the set of individual concepts of common sense are being discussed here spatial and temporal conceptual domains prevail. Collective concepts of common sense will be mentioned briefly. In this phase of AGI development the proposed concepts formation procedure means mostly a-priori concepts that are preliminary designed as the software procedures and only “is grounded” in robot. But these “first concepts” create the basis for further learning procedures. As the platform for conceptualization procedure the cognitive architecture AGICA was considered. Cognitive architecture AGICA was represented by the author in 2023 on the base of “axiomatic approach” in AGI development. In cognitive architecture AGICA there were used the models of AGI-Consciousness, AGI-Individual Type, AGI-Collective Type in the framework of “grounded cognition”. AGI-Individual Type is based on “instinct of self-preservation” (survival instinct). AGI-Collective Type is based on “species preservation instinct”. Given that we are now far from a general theory of concepts, the development of transport robots is viewed as an application domain. This article does not claim to be comprehensive and can be viewed as some “engineering approach” for problem solving, - thus it is mostly addressed to the developers. In the main part of the article we will consider only <i>perceptual/modal/concrete concepts. Amodal/abstract concepts </i>will be out of the discussion.
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Garb, Jonathan. "From Fear to Awe in Luzzatto’s Mesillat Yesharim." European Journal of Jewish Studies 14, no. 2 (2020): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1872471x-bja10014.
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Abstract Perhaps the key term in musar writing is yir’ah. In early modern musar texts, usually incorporating kabbalistic discourse, this term is rendered as ‘fear.’ A striking exception is R. Moshe Ḥayyim Luzzatto’s Mesillat Yesharim, arguably one of the canonical texts of Jewish modernity. A close reading of the chapters devoted to yir’ah reveals that Luzzatto frames this term as ‘awe,’ moving away from the discourse on punishment and hell typical of early modern musar. An examination of the psychology behind this move shows that Luzzatto associates fear with the lower instinct of self-preservation, calling for its sublimation into self-abnegation in awe of divine presence. Mesillat Yesharim then became foundational for similar moves in later Jewish modernity. Without wishing to venture into claims as to inter-religious influence and response, it is instructive to compare Luzzatto’s approach to that of his Christian contemporaries, the ‘fire and brimstone’ preachers of the Great Awakening.
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Aslanov, Leonid. "Natural science knowledge in civilizational studies." Civilization studies review 5, no. 2 (2023): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2713-1483-2023-5-2-5-19.
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Modern knowledge of ethology are considered in their application to the problems of local civilizations. Human behavior is determined by innate and acquired patterns of behavior. They correspond to two interconnected parts of each civilization: a culture that correlates to the acquired behavior, and a mentality (self-preservation instinct), referring to the inherited behavior and ensuring the constancy of the behavior of the people from generation to generation. The relationship between culture and mentality and the negative consequences of imposing an alien culture on people with an ingrained mentality are shown on the example of the organization of labor in the Russian artel. Psychological personality types that are stably inherited are examed, and taking into account them, the role of the Moscow principality in the formation of the Russian state is considered.
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Shraddha V. Kulkarni and Shruti S. Patil. "Rejuvenating Sexual Health Holistically: An Approach in Ayurveda." Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 9, no. 11 (2025): 225–39. https://doi.org/10.21760/jaims.9.11.32.
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Sex is one of the three primary human instincts, with self-preservation and social instinct, and is thus well developed in the typical individual. Sexual Dysfunction is referred to as problems that a person or partner encounters during any phase of typical sexual activity - physical pleasure, desire, preference, arousal, or orgasm. A person’s inability to participate in a sexual relationship as they would wish is how the World Health Organization describes sexual dysfunction. It can affect both men and women and may be caused by physical, or psychological factors. Sexual dysfunction, if not addressed promptly, can significantly impacts fertility. Since sexual dysfunction usually coincides with anatomical as well as psychological factors, a comprehensive sexual history, evaluation of general health, and reproductive health, and identification of any additional sexual problems (if any) are critical while diagnosing sexual dysfunction. The concept of sexual dysfunction is not new to Ayurveda. Classics include various references to it in the context of Yoni Vyapads, Dosha Vriddhi, Kshaya, Ojus, Artava Vaha Sroto Viddha Lakshana, and Manovikaras, along with probable causative factors and solutions. Ayurveda addresses the anatomical, psychological, and endocrinological aspects of sexual dysfunctions. Following Dinacharya, Rajaswala Paricharya, Garbhini Paricharya, and Sutika Paricharya provide extensive treatment regimens by focusing on the overall health of an individual’s reproductive, psychological, and endocrinological well-being. Female sexual dysfunction is a multifactorial condition that requires a holistic approach. Modern medical treatments offer targeted solutions, while Ayurvedic therapies promote balance and long-term vitality.
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Grușco, Tatiana. "VADIM PIROGAN – MARTIR TRECUT PRIN IADUL GULAGULUI." Magazin Bibliologic 1-2 (March 22, 2022): 110. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6374659.
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Vadim Pirogan is a part of confessors of the National Identity Renaissance, who suffered from persecutions of the totalitarian Soviet regime. He lived through the round trip between Bessarabia and the Siberian Gulag, in the moral and material misery of Soviet society. The compromises of survival made him wise, did not discourage or defeat him. He had a vocation that sometimes exceeded his physical strength, was more powerful than his self-preservation instinct, thus proving the idea that every human being is part of God's plan. Books of Vadim Pirogan are an evocation of memory of thousands of physically exterminated, morally crushed and intellectually excluded Bessarabian deportees, of those forced to leave their country for political reasons and who lived far from it till the end of their lives. Vadim Pirogan made an exception case and probably, a happy one, because he survived Gulag, lit his life up and lived it in truth.
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Vacura, Miroslav. "Three concepts of natural law." Filozofija i drustvo 33, no. 3 (2022): 601–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid2203601v.
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The concept of natural law is fundamental to political philosophy, ethics, and legal thought. The present article shows that as early as the ancient Greek philosophical tradition, three main ideas of natural law existed, which run in parallel through the philosophical works of many authors in the course of history. The first two approaches are based on the understanding that although equipped with reason, humans are nevertheless still essentially animals subject to biological instincts. The first approach defines natural law as the law of the strongest, which can be observed to hold among all members of the animal kingdom. The second conception presents natural law as the principle of self-preservation, inherent as an instinct in all living beings. The third approach, also developed in antiquity, shifts the focus to our rationality and develops the idea of natural law as the law of reason within us. Some Christian thinkers who consider the origin of reason in us to be divine, identify the law of reason inherent in us with God?s will. This paper gives a brief exposition of the development of these three concepts of natural law in philosophy, with emphasis on the intertwining of these three concepts, which we, however, understand as primarily and essentially independent. The paper concludes with an overview of twentieth-century authors who exclusively focus on only one of the three concepts. The aim of this article is to argue against these one-sided interpretations and to uphold the independence and distinctness of the three historical conceptions of natural law.
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Yatsenko, Tamara, Oleksandr Mytnyk, Liubov Halushko, Kateryna Tkachenko, and Dmytro Bulchenko. "Peculiarities of cognition the prelogical thinking in the process of psychoanalysis of visual presenters of the subject’s psyche." Psihologìâ ì suspìlʹstvo 2, no. 2022 (2022): 113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/pis2022.02.113.
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The article describes the peculiarities and possibilities of cognition of the pralogical thinking of the psyche in the process of dialogue-psychoanalytical interaction of a psychologist with a respondent in groups of active social-psychological cognition (ASPC). The fact of the preservation of informational equivalents of the psyche under the conditions of its transcoding into thematically visualized forms of drawn and objectified self-representations is asserted. The paper summarizes the results of over forty years of analytical and professional training of psychologists for practical work. The purpose of the paper is to identify deviations of “Self” from the reality that are not controlled by the psyche, which reliably signal the subject’s personal problems. The objectification of the drawn self-representation process in ASPC groups contributes to the observation and research (in the dialogue interaction of the psychologist with the respondent), which has a mediated nature related to the objectivity of the psyche. This determines the accessibility and equality of opportunities for each ASPP group member in participation, in processing the results of self-representation, which helps to objectify the destruction of the psyche, which signal about their personal problems (deviations from reality for the sake of the interests of the “Idealized Self”). The main research method is the active social-psychological cognition (or rather, its transcripts), which is based on psychodynamic methodology. The general prerequisite for the implementation of the specified method is the process of objectification by the ASPC participants of their own psyche, followed by the analysis in the form of a dialogue between the psychologist and the respondent, with periodic intermediate and generalizing interpretative conclusions. The result of the study is the expansion and deepening of self-awareness by the ASPC participants, which catalyzes the leveling of the destruction of their psyche, generated by an internal stabilized contradiction (personal problem), which is subject to in-depth cognition on the objectified and accessible visual material, which results in psychocorrection. Conclusions. The effectiveness of a person’s participation in ASPC groups is based on awakening the self-preservation instinct due to strengthening the rationality of the logical thinking. Therefore, diagnostic and corrective cognition of the psyche by a future psychologist is extremely important for the development of their professional skills when helping other people.
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Fernandez, Maria, and Antonio Barcellós. "The Structuring Principles of Society in the Right: Fundamentals for Applying a Legal Theory That Forms the Right." Social Sciences 14, no. 2 (2025): 182–90. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20251402.21.
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This work proposes a legal theoretical line of a psycho-anthropological nature, which allows us to support the hypothesis that the principles of security and equality originate in the instinct of self-preservation and structure the right. A legal theory<sup> </sup>is necessary to form the right that articulates these principles and operates them only within the formal ideal order. The purpose of the right is to finish forming social relationships within an ideal order, and in symbolic terms, and integrate them into the "Social Pact,” thus maintaining security in relationships. To form these ideal, symbolic social relationships and provide them with security, it is necessary to form the right by applying the principle of equality. This principle of equality is the formative element of social relations and, therefore, of law. This ideal equality can only be applied through a formal logical ideal legal theory, adapting to the ideal order of the concepts of Hans Kelsen's pure theory of law (right).
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Egbekpalu, Purissima Emelda, Paschal Onyi Oguno, and Princewill Alozie. "Dialectics of War as a Natural Phenomenon: Existential Perspective." Conatus 8, no. 2 (2023): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/cjp.35281.
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Due to natural processes of movements of opposites that interact with one another in equal forces, the universe is naturally considered an arena of conflicts. As the law of the universe continues to maintain everything in motion, each matter in the ecosystem strives to protect itself in given existential struggles within necessary conflicts. Therefore, the fundamental law of nature is the protection of life (self-preservation) which is often realized through self-defence. It then explains why humans engage themselves in conflicts; not necessarily to bring peace but to survive and maintain themselves in existence. Hence, war is motivated by the innate drive for self-defence and maintenance of self in existence guided by a natural instinct for survival. From conception to death, humans continue to struggle for survival and that entails overcoming conflicts and adversities of life. Thus, war can be considered as having a genetic foundation. This is evidenced in the works of evolutionary theorists. The Darwinian ethological theory tenaciously holds that humans, just like other organisms, struggle to survive, but this is influenced by natural selection which favours the stronger species against the weaker ones. While the stronger ones pass on their inheritable genes to the next generation for maintenance of their species in existence, the weaker ones die off. Hence, the survival of the fittest. This position was very much supported by the Malthusian theory of over-population alert against the limited human resources which demonstrates the constant fight for food in order to survive. The Nietzschean Superman, Marxian class struggle, Heraclitan notion of change, and so on, all cling to the idea that the universe is a violent arena. Consequently, the protection of life has an important moral value. By implication, self-defence is right and justified even if it involves war. Therefore, it is ethical to push through; to defeat the adversary.
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Papo, Eliezer. "The Last Supper and “Kneževa večera,” Parallels and Their Resonances in Traditional Christian and Serbian Folk Culture." Slavic and East European Journal 59, no. 1 (2015): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30851/59.1.002.
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The New Testament episode of the Last Supper has powerful images of the suffering Jesus; of Judas, the evil disciple who betrayed him; and of Peter, the good but fainthearted disciple, who—torn between his loyalty to Jesus and his self-preservation instinct—denied his master three times in the course of a few hours, only to re-emerge as one of Christ’s most faithful apostles. This episode does not only reflect the relation of the early Church to the Jews but was also used for centuries to construct and reconstruct the relations between the two religious communities. Symptomatically, the name of the disciple who plays a diabolical role in the scene, Judas, is an eminently Hebrew (Jewish) name. Even more interestingly, it ‘happens’ to be identical with the ethnonym of the Judeans, the descendants of the biblical tribe of Judah, the inhabitants of New Testament Judaea, the later Jews. The anti-Semitic potential of the New Testament’s Last Supper was often used in traditional Christian society for creation and nourishment of anti-Jewish sentiments; or, even worse, as a pretext for anti-Jewish actions on the part of the elites (legislation, mass expulsion, etc.) or the common masses (riots, pogroms, etc.).
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Kandel, Pavel. "FIFTH PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN BULGARIA." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 32, no. 2 (2023): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran220235563.
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The article discusses the prerequisites and results of the fifth elections to the People’s Assembly called during the two year period and held on April 2, 2023 It analyses the dispositions of the electorate in view of the Eurobarometer polls data and the election results. The past vote, despite some changes in the party structure of the People’s Assembly, testified once again to the deep disappointment of the weary Bulgarian voter in the entire political class. At the same time, it has recreated the stalemate in Parliament. The leaders of the warring majority camps (GERB-SDS vs «We Continue the changes» – «Democratic Bulgaria») already fear of being branded as the culprits of a new failure leading to appointment of one more temporary technocratic government by the president and the next snap elections. Such a prospect does not bode well for them, while their coalition is potential of seriously damaging their reputation. In such circumstances, the fighting forces are trying to find a magic formula for formation of a coalition cabinet. The near future will show whether the instinct of self-preservation will work or selfish party interests will prevail followed by déjà vu. However, in any development no change in the general anti-Russian vector of Bulgarian foreign policy is expected.
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Marszałek, Rafał. "A Bodiless Enemy." Kwartalnik Filmowy, Special Issue (December 31, 2013): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36744/kf.1892.
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The following is the text of Rafał Marszałek’s address during the international conference on “The Warsaw Uprising in the Context of Polish-German Relations” (Warsaw, 30 March – 1 April, 2007). Marszałek argues that there is no room for an “absolute enemy” in the selected works by Andrzej Wajda, Kazimierz Kutz and Andrzej Munk of the so-called “Polish Film School” and that the films are free of the hatred to the Germans as invaders and occupiers. What emerge from the films are a toothless enemy and then a bodiless enemy. The thesis is exemplified in Canal – the death of the Warsaw insurgents is portrayed in a symbolic language; in Ostinato lugubre, the second part of Eroica, in which the Germans (as enemy) are not the demonic personification of oppression; in The Dog (part of Cross of Valor) – the hero saves the life of the dog guarding inmates at an Auschwitz death camp; in Lotna, one of few war films in the history of cinema that does without the character of a (German) enemy. Marszałek points out that the “dematerialization” of the enemy flows from the special (both psychological and moral) instinct of self-preservation rather than forgiveness. [originally published in Polish in Kwartalnik Filmowy 2007, no. 57-58, pp. 40-45]
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Egbekpalu, Purissima Emelda. "Aristotelian Concept of Happiness (Eudaimonia) and its Conative Role in Human Existence: A Critical Evaluation." Conatus 6, no. 2 (2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/cjp.26924.
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Despite the challenges of human existence, identifying the major features that sustain man’s striving to persist in life (conatus) is very essential in understanding who man is. This paper critically evaluates Aristotelian concept of happiness (eudaimonia) and its conative role in human existence as it ignites newness of interest in Aristotelian theory of happiness as the ultimate end of all human activities. Aristotle’s notion of happiness connotes conative experiences; actions that signify movements of some sorts for preservation of life. With regard to self-preservation in existence, Aristotle held the opinion that man has the natural inclination to actualize his potentialities through strong efforts of the will towards the right, and at the same time to create new potentialities to sustain his life. Through the activities of the soul (virtuous acts), man propels himself in a distinctive way towards objects of his desire for survival and flourishing. His concept of emotions as having the affective, cognitive as well as behavioural dimensions revealed that emotions have psychological values and vital functions which serve as survival instinct in man. However, they differ in their aims in that they have both attractive and aversive characteristics such that they move him either to seek or to avoid necessary objects that enhance or harm his existence, respectively. Considering the subjective experiences of pains and pleasures of emotions, they dispose man to virtuous actions towards excellence. However, to sustain man’s inner drive to persist in life, this paper objects to the theses that happiness can be restricted to only cognitive activities. Despite the weaknesses of his treatise concerning happiness in relation to man’s striving to persist, it was observed that Aristotle’s notion of happiness aids man’s striving in life. For further studies, it recommended clarification of ambiguous concepts and reconciliation of contradictions inherent in the theory.
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Cheberiachko, S. I., V. V. Hilpert, Y. I. Cheberiachko, I. A. Shaikhlislamova, and A. N. Borovitsky. "FORMATION OF ENTERPRISE EMPLOYEES’ RISK-ORIENTED THINKING OF SAFE WORK." Labour protection problems in Ukraine 37, no. 1 (2021): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36804/nndipbop.37-1.2021.9-15.
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Purpose – to create online-content from cascading tasks for developing the skill of rapid hazard identification in the workplace. The analysis and generalization of information sources is used, method of situational analysis, method of content analysis and comparative method of psychological security of an individual are applied. Findings. It is established that for the formation of competencies for providing enterprise employees’ safety it is necessary to stimulate the development of appropriate psychomotor processes related to the instinct of self-preservation. which involves the formation of a conscious attitude to safety during manufacturing activities; formation of prospective employees’ skills to identify potential workplace hazards. Scientific novelty is that to change the attitude of employees to safety regulations during manufacturing activities, it is necessary to ensure the formation of employees’ conscious attitude to the safety of the production process through the formation of situational awareness of potential hazards of the production process. Practical value. The essence of the approach of situational awareness of potential dangers of the production process. Training employees’ on the developed online-content from cascading tasks will allow meaningfully and with an understanding of the development of the situation to determine possible cumulative actions during the production process. Originality of the work consists in developing the online content aimed at finding and identifying hazards in the workplace through understanding and awareness of the situation to shape the worldview of risk- oriented thinking.
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Seed, David. "Brainwashing and Cold War Demonology." Prospects 22 (October 1997): 535–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300000223.
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In November 1949 the Hungarian government announced the trial for espionage of the American I.T.&T. executive Robert A. Vogeler. At the beginning of the following year Vogeler pleaded guilty and was sentenced to fifteen years imprisonment. For a while his case became a cause célèbre to the extent that the U.S. government threatened to break of diplomatic relations with Hungary. Vogeler was released in 1951 after a deal between the two governments. With the case of Cardinal Mindszenty fresh in the public memory reports had been emerging that Vogeler had been subjected to a coercion tantamount to torture, which he himself confirmed in his memoir, I Was Stalin's Prisoner (1952), which was published the same year as Whittaker Chambers's Witness. This was no mere coincidence. Reviewing the latter work John Dos Passos threw out dark hints that the authenticity of both memoirs was being confirmed by a Communist-inspired smear campaign against the two writers. Vogeler had been subjected unwittingly to a process that was on the verge of being named. He recalled how he had been reduced to exhaustion and despair by sleep deprivation and by isolation from any American contacts. The result was a splintering of his consciousness into two entities: “A new personality was struggling to take command of my body, a personality that was prepared to do everything that No. 1 suggested. But my old personality — or perhaps it was merely the instinct of self-preservation — still held its ground”.
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Stoiko, Olena, та Petro Myronenko. "Constitutionalising the Сoncept of Militant Democracy". Political Studies, № 1 (7) (3 червня 2024): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53317/2786-4774-2024-1-1.
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The principles of militant democracy as a manifestation of the instinct of self-preservation of democratic systems are considered. The argumentation of supporters and critics of militant democracy regarding the use of restrictive measures to save democratic institutions is analysed. Two main types of instruments of militant democracy are distinguished: 1) creation of obstacles to the coming to power of alleged enemies of democracy using the election mechanism (prohibition of political parties); 2) restriction of opportunities for abuse of state power. A number of measures to prevent the degeneration of militant democracy into authoritarianism are given, in particular, fixing the monopoly on banning parties to a body protected from political pressure. Two ways of implementing the provisions of militant democracy are defined and analysed: through the constitution and relevant legislation, or only in legislative acts. Using the example of Germany, the peculiarities of the first method, which is characteristic of countries with negative historical experience of destroying democratic institutions by formally legal methods, are analysed. The second method, which is used by the states which do not want to compromise the ideal model of liberal democracy, is illustrated by the analysis of Spain, Italy, the United Kingdom and the USA. It is noted that the Constitution of Ukraine contains a number of provisions of militant democracy, in particular, the complicated procedure for amending the fundamental articles and the grounds for banning political parties. The latter were applied to pro-Russian parties too late - after the beginning of the Russian aggression in 2014, but their relevance will grow with the prolongation of the war and deterioration of the socio-economic situation of citizens.
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Biryukov, S. E. "David Burliuk – many-faced and individual." Neophilology 10, no. 1 (2024): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2024-10-1-138-148.
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INTRODUCTION. The creative personality of David Burliuk gave grounds for naming a kind of International Avant-garde Artistic Award after him. Consider the incarnations of the creative personality of the “father of Russian futurism” David Burliuk means to penetrate into the world of avant-garde art and various forms of artistry, which is especially relevant these days, representing great interest for the study of Russian futurism. The purpose of the article is to show the diversity of activities of the father of Russian futurism, David Burliuk, in establishing new forms of art.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research material was the personal experience of the author of the article working with the work of David Burliuk, the life and work of those associated with the Tambov region. Techniques for collecting, systematizing and analyzing material underlie the methods used, including bibliographic, descriptive, linguistic and poetic.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The hypostases of the creative personality of David Burliuk are considered, which gave grounds for assigning a kind of avant-garde artistic award to his name. The innovative activity of David Burliuk as the organizer of the leading futurist group “Gilea”, the initiator of exhibitions, publishing projects, presentations of the work of cubo-futurists in different cities and regions of Russia is described.CONCLUSION. The features of David Burliuk’s poetic work with nonstandard forms are revealed, in which he acted as an innovator, stimulating the search for his colleagues, especially those who joined the movement as it developed. An important hypostasis of Burliuk’s creative personality has been established – the “instinct of aesthetic self-preservation” – the recording of creative activity in memoirs, correspondence and in the magazine “Color and Rhyme”.
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Erofeeva, Irina, Yulia Tolstokulakova, and Alexey Muravyov. "The Coronavirus Pandemic in the Conceptual Sphere of Media Discourse in Russia and China: a Survival Strategy." Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism 10, no. 1 (2021): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-6203.2021.10(1).78-93.
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The article presents the results of a research into the problem of implementing cognitive models in processing information on the new coronavirus pandemic by Russian and Chinese mass media. The study involved a linguo-cultural analysis, a content analysis and a discourse analysis of publications in the period of March–June, 2020. The study is aimed at identifying and characterizing the concepts and communication semiotic resources of the media discourse used to present this information. The authors analyze over 600 texts of various genres and formats in Russian and Chinese media. The interpretative method helps to see the link between a media text and its social context, as well as between the interpretation of a fact in media discourse and the author’s and reader’s world models. According to the results of the study, processing and spreading any information, namely — the infodemic, or misinforming the public about the virus, involves a deliberate use of immanent concepts typical of members of a particular culture. The prevalent information flows about COVID-19 cause fear and trigger the instinct of self-preservation. In this context, it is the archetypes of the culture that are becoming the key remedy providing for modelling a culture-marked image of the country in the media landscape. The frames «weak body» and «death», and the theme of humans' vulnerability to the new threat have made people think about the purpose and values of life. The basic cognitive models in processing the frightening information are the core Chinese and Russian culture concepts, namely, collectivism, family, and good. The awakened cognitive stereotypes are aimed at preserving the social immunity of the country. The results of the study can be useful for fundamental interdisciplinary researches into basic cultural realias objectified in the media and in the works of journalists and other authors.
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Satybaldiyeva, Akmaral, Almagul Kurmanbayeva, Almazbek Beishenaliyev, Zaure Sovetova, and Raigul Rakhmetova. "The audiovisual translation of social media texts: New trends and analysis." XLinguae 15, no. 2 (2022): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2022.15.02.13.
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In the context of the rapid development of technologies and various methods of communication, as well as the growing role of information in the life of society, information genres in different types of media are of particular importance. Currently, they are experiencing a stage of serious competition with new technological possibilities of forms for obtaining and creating information. The basis of progress in human society is recognized as a well-founded entity such as verbal communication. Human society today is most interested in the information that the media presents to it. The modern world is characterized by the active use of various information technologies, as they save time. Television messages are responsible for obtaining the necessary information in a short time. In other words, a person tends to emphasize information mainly from the Internet, television messages, from newspaper information. Television news releases often contain news blocks in English that need to be translated. Today, it is an urgent need, and it is valid and necessary in a variety of ways. This and many other factors explain the urgency of this problem. One of the main goals of knowing the world is the need for information. It is due to the subconscious desire of people to understand what is happening around – the desire in which the instinct of self-preservation and the orienting reflex that guides human development manifest themselves. At the moment, the media have such a significant impact on the life of society, on the consciousness and ideas of people. Modern mass media have a substantial effect on the life of society, on the consciousness and ideas of people. Society constantly needs to receive new information about what is happening globally.
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Barakhvostov, P. A. "Friedrich Ratzel’s Law of the Spatial Growth of States in the Situation of the New World Order Formation." Russia & World: Sc. Dialogue, no. 3 (September 11, 2023): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53658/rw2023-3-3(9)-20-33.
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In this paper, on the basis of an institutional approach, it is analyzed how fair the “law of expansion” of F. Ratzel is in the current situation of the formation of a new world order. It is shown that in modern conditions the instinct of self-preservation induces social systems not to territorial expansion due to an increase in the occupied geographical space, but to integration in various forms, which is based on a single normative approach to the mechanisms of the functioning of the union. In this sense, integration is a kind of expansion of the space occupied by society. Integration unions can increase, but up to a certain limit (saturation limit), determined not by the boundaries of geographical space, but by the possibility of developing a common position on the main issues of functioning, common norms and practices. As a rule, alliances are not absolutely symmetrical and include the “core” and the periphery of integration. The former include the most economically and politically strong states. At the same time, due to the asymmetry of the unions, the “core” institutions are transplanted to the periphery and there is a bidirectional institutional diffusion, which is due to the desire for institutional convergence, and this facilitates interaction within the union. Thus, “channels” for the institutional expansion of integrable societies are formed within the unions. Transplantation and diffusion of institutions are the mechanisms for the implementation of expansion in modern conditions. It is shown that when integrating social systems in order to mitigate possible institutional imbalances, the action of institutions that are complementary to the dominant ones in the institutional matrix is included: when integrating X-matrix countries - market ones, and vice versa.
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Ibrahimov, F., G. Abdullayeva, and S. Amrahova. "DIDACTIC ISSUES OF SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF PROTECTING THE PURITY OF THE GLOBAL SOCIAL-SPIRITUAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE TIME." POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, no. 61 (April 17, 2023): 39–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7835039.
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The article argues that the preservation of the purity of the social and moral environment is a global problem of the time. It is shown that, as in physical-biological ecology, there can be a crisis in social-spiritual ecology. Searching for ways to insure against such a threat and perfecting the education system in this direction is of particular importance at a time when banal culture is on the rise and foreign influences on our national-spiritual environment are intensifying. In research work, it is considered important to focus on two directions in the formation of the process of protecting the purity of the social and moral environment as a subsystem of the educational system, and this is argued on the basis of the generalizations of the research materials. The mentioned first direction is to raise the level of cultural-spiritual perfection, self-awareness and will of people, which is determined by giving priority to a new pedagogical way of thinking in the formation of the educational space. The second direction is to refine the cultural-spiritual environment in which people live, to solve the problems of spiritual ecology in a systematic way, that is, whether the education system or the cultural-spiritual life of young people should create such an environment that the ability of this environment to react against negative influences is strong, and there is a relationship between people and external influences. to form a protective area.
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Tverezovska, N. T. "The influence of emergencies on the psychological condition of man." Humanitarian studios: pedagogics, psychology, philosophy 3, no. 152 (2020): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/hspedagog2020.03.075.
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The influence of emergency situations on the psychological state of the victims is shown. Their frequency, typical for the modern world, carries threats to life and personal dangers. The negative thing is that emergency situations occur suddenly and at night, are accompanied by disruption of communications, and in cases of natural disasters, a sharp deterioration in weather conditions occurs. It has been proven that 12-15% of persons in emergency situations retain self-control, the ability to rationally assess the situation, to act clearly and decisively even in the most difficult conditions. The basis for this is the level of psychological protection that is formed in everyday activities. The reaction (passive, active) of people to emergencies is revealed. In some, the sense of danger turns into feelings of doom and inevitability, they become completely helpless, confused, incapable of purposeful actions (for example, to protect). Others – under the influence of a threatening situation, they feel the rise of spiritual and physical strength, they can begin to act more persistently and tirelessly. In some people, the instinct of self-preservation causes a desire to escape, to avoid threatening circumstances, in others it mobilizes and tunes in to active actions. Speaking about assessing the negative impact of certain adverse factors that arise during emergencies, one should distinguish between normal and pathological reactions of people. In the first case, the psychological clarity of the reaction becomes important, its occurrence, as a result of an emergency, and mainly a short duration. The working capacity of a person is preserved (albeit reduced), there is contact with people around him, and a critical assessment of his actions remains. Six stages of behavior of people caught in an emergency situation are identified, the behavior of each stage is characterized. Under the influence of stress factors, there is a risk of pathological changes in the structure of the personality, which are the basis for the development of personal disharmony. To reveal individual and collective methods of protecting people in emergency situations (a person's desire to go beyond the influence of harmful factors (to avoid danger, to protect himself, etc.). Panic was revealed as the most dangerous and negative factor caused by real or perceived danger, which may involve one or more people.
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Anzhelika, Shevel, Kubrak Oleg, Shestopalova Liudmyla, Buchok Iurii, Kukuruza Ganna, and Buchok Stepan. "Adevelop the Concept of Suicide in a Philosophical Context." BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience 14, no. 4 (2024): 440–57. https://doi.org/10.18662/brain/14.4/515.
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<em>Suicide-related issues are among those that have been the focus of philosophers of all time. The attitude to the problem of suicide as a social phenomenon from biblical times to the present should also be talked about by today's students, so the research work with gifted students will be effective, because today's children wonder who they are, what their mission is and the meaning of life and death raises the question of the social meaning of suicide. Philosophy and religion, law and duty, social and public are intertwined here. Christianity considers suicide a sin. Although there are examples in the Old Testament where cases of voluntary death look like heroic deeds. Suicide becomes an absolutely sinful act at a certain historical time, when it has become too frequent. Adjustments to Christian ethics with its prohibitions were made by the Enlightenment and the right to shorten one’s life became one’s personal choice. The article presents the research of gifted students on the question of attitudes towards suicide from ancient times to the Middle Ages (group 1); attitudes towards suicide from the Middle Ages to the present (group 2); attitudes towards suicide from the New Age to the present (group 3). The research work is carried out for the purpose of condemning any manifestations of suicidal behavior, deep understanding of this problem from the most ancient times to the present.</em>
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Manzo, Silvia. "FRANCIS BACON Y RENÉ DESCARTES ACERCA DEL DOMINIO DE LA NATURALEZA, LA AUTOCONSERVACIÓN Y LA MEDICINA*." Kriterion: Revista de Filosofia 63, no. 151 (2022): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-512x2021n15105sm.
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RESUMEN Francis Bacon y René Descartes han sido presentados tradicionalmente como pioneros de corrientes filosóficas opuestas entre sí. Sin embargo, son cada vez más los estudios que muestran importantes continuidades entre sus filosofías. Este artículo explora una de ellas: sus perspectivas sobre la medicina. El dominio sobre la naturaleza y el instinto de autoconservación son los elementos centrales del marco teórico dentro del cual se inserta su valoración de la medicina como la disciplina más destacada por sus beneficios para el cuidado del ser humano. A partir de ahí son muchas sus coincidencias acerca del estatus, la práctica y la reforma de la medicina.
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Tkachivska, M. R. "«ANGST KENNT KEIN PARDON» (CAMP DISCOURSE)." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Word, no. 3(55) (April 12, 2019): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7402-2019-3(55)-63-72.
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The article “Angst kennt kein Pardon” (camp discourse) deals with the camp literature, provides examples from the poetic and prose works, analyses the reproduction of the person’s internal state during the stay in the camp. 
 The camp literature is a concept which belonged to the off-limits subjectsin the Soviet linguistic space. Since the 1980s and to this day, a considerable amount of archival data has been issued, they include evidence of the former prisoners of the concentration camps, as well as scientific studies on this subject in Europe. The aim of the article is the study of the German-language camp texts and analysis of the lexical units that denote the feeling of hunger, fear and homesickness in the novel of a famous German writer, a representative of the Romanian Germans Herta Müller “Atemschaukel” (“Breath-Swing”). The main objectives of the article include a review of the German-language camp literature, its brief description, study of the denotations “Hunger”, “Angst”, “Heimweh”, etc., which can be followed the camp texts.
 Acknowledged with the Nobel Prize Award in 2010, the novel “Atemschaukel” is written on the bases of real events and memories. It tells about a Romanian guy who finds himself in the camp in Donetsk steppes; depicts the camp life, way of life, struggle for survival, inhuman attitude toward prisoners. The analysis of the lexical corpus of the work piece fixes the dominance of the denotations “Hunger” (hunger), “Angst” (fear), “Flucht” (escape), “Heimweh” (homesickness), indicating the physical and psychological state of life in the camp. The instinct of self-preservation as an important factor of survival in the camp is closely related to the need of food, evidenced by the dominance of such lexemes as Brot (bread), Zucker (sugar), Salz (salt) and generalized concepts Essen / essen / fressen (food, eat, guzzle). The most common colour denotation is weiß (white), which competes with the denotations grau (grey), rot (red) and schwarz (black), which make up the contrasting palette of the reality and imagination of the camp residents. Despite the unbearable desire to escape that prevails in the camp, the novel does not focus on the word “Hölle” (hell), which belonged to the frequently used in many descriptionsof the concentration camps.
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SVETLOV, Victor A., Nikolai M. SIDOROV, and Anatoly G. EGOROV. "Conflict of Altruists and Egoists: New Paradigm for Environmental and Social Sciences." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 9, no. 1 (2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v9.1(25).07.
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The study of the interconnection between genetic and cultural evolution, often called dual inheritance theory, became a dominant problem for scientists working at the intersection of environmental and social sciences in the second half of the 20th century. At the same time, the philosophical and methodological aspects of the new ecological and social paradigm of research are still uncertain. Below is justified the view that the missing part of the new paradigm should be a theory of conflict. Since C. Darwin, the driving cause of the evolution of living organisms was seen in the instinct of self-preservation (selfishness). The purpose of natural selection was conceived as an improvement in the degree of fitness of an individual organism and indirectly in te species as a whole. However, P.A. Kropotkin in the work "Mutual Assistance as a Factor of Evolution" drew attention to the fact that altruism and the cooperation of organisms are no less important for their survival than egoism. R. Dawkins in the work "The Selfish Gene", which became a bestseller, made the general discovery of evolutionists geneticists - the conflict of altruists and egoists is already embedded in the genetic program of the evolution of all organisms. R. Travers has proved that sexual reproduction and selection are also based on the conflict of egoists and altruists. The creation of the evolutionary theory of games by J. Smith allowed to generalize the rivalry of egoists and altruists to a strategic level and to understand why only in competition with each other these behavior programs ensure the stability of the entire population. The principle of the "Red Queen" of the L. Van Valen justifies the necessity and sufficiency of antagonism as the eternal driver of the "evolutionary arms race". Finally, the "Tragedy of Communities" of G. Hardin explains the evolutionary defectiveness of egoism and altruism as the only motives for social development. Combining all the above discoveries, we conclude that the theory of co-evolution cannot be built neither on the only Darwinian principles of survival of the fittest, or on their sociocultural reinterpretation. We need a new paradigm that openly recognizes the conflict of egoists and altruists as the main cause of co-evolution at all levels of the organization of living matter.
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Gavrilova, Yu, A. Len'ko, and V. Sklyadneva. "The Relationship between Biopsychic and Social Foundations Fear of Death." Scientific Research and Development. Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology 10, no. 1 (2021): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2306-1731-2021-10-1-57-64.
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The study is aimed at identifying and analyzing the features of the relationship between biopsychic and social bases of the fear of death. Research objectives: to consider the content of biopsychic mechanisms of the fear of death; to identify the features of the functioning of biopsychic processes as the basis for the fear of death; using the example of the COVID-19 pandemic to analyze the impact of social conditions on the occurrence of fear of death; consider the interaction and interaction of biopsychic and social bases of fear of death; consider possible ways to minimize the fear of death at the individual level and at the level of social groups. Research results. The authors, relying on the theory of interaction of the social with the natural, reveal that the bases of the fear of death are the peculiarities of the functioning of the human psyche, the action of the instinct of self-preservation, emotional and psychophysiological reactions, which are included in the area of functioning of the internal natural. It is noted that the biopsychological foundations of fear are manifested at the level of the individual, personal dimension and represent a natural (natural) form of fear of death, filled with social content. Arising under the influence of external threats, including of a social nature, the fear of death activates the psychophysiological reactions of the human body, that is, the process of social influence on the internal natural is taking place, bringing it to a functional state. At the same time, the inner natural, contributing to the appearance and manifestation of the fear of death, makes a person change social reality, build a new value-semantic hierarchy of life. This reveals the relationship between biopsychic and social foundations of the fear of death. Social upheavals, epidemics, wars, crises, poverty are considered by the authors as the dominant social foundations of the fear of death. It has been established that the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic are extreme conditions for human existence, in which the fear of death is characterized by increased intensity. The reactions of individuals and social groups to the experience of fear of death represent the search for a way to get rid of the fear of death, which constitutes a system of practices for ensuring psychological well-being.
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Poroshinska, О., L. Stovbetska, A. Emelyanenko, S. Shmayun, and V. Koziy. "Monitoring the behavior of pigs as an indicator of assessing their health and welfare level." Naukovij vìsnik veterinarnoï medicini, no. 1(180) (May 25, 2023): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2023-180-1-89-101.
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Ethological observation and behavioral monitoring are important indicators for assessing the state of health, determining the level of well-being, and predicting the productive qualities of animals in productive pig farming. An important factor is also the possibility of using behavioral indicators for early diagnosis and monitoring of the course of diseases in pigs of different ages and areas of use. Behavioral tests are used to evaluate the nervous system, reactivity, reproductive and technological qualities of animals. There are many types of behavioral tests. As a rule, the same tests can explain one or more aspects of an animal's behavior. it was established that the following tests are most often used to assess animal behavior: backtest, test for a new object, new environment, person, new animal, etc. One of the most common tests to determine the behavior of pigs is the backtest. It is used to determine the stress resistance of animals. To do this, the piglet is placed on its back for 60 seconds and the number of struggle attempts and its sound response are determined. As a result of the conducted test, piglets were divided into animals with high resistance and low resistance. According to the authors, the behavioral reaction of piglets during the backtest at the beginning of life can indicate the level of coping with stressful situations at an older age. Pig backtesting demonstrated a relationship between the degree of resistance that occurs early in life and a variety of behavioral and physiological responses in fattening pigs. The human test is used to assess aggressive and social behavior, to determine the animal's emotional state, in particular fear, as an instinct for self-preservation. The novel object test can be used to study search and exploratory behavior. The novel objects tested were a rope, a pile of soil, an experimental glove, a ball game, a rubber duck, and a pile of leaves. An important test parameter of the condition of pigs is the assessment of their playing activity. It is believed that, subjectively, play is an expression of the satisfied state of the animal. The study of animal behavior is an important tool for assessing the conditions of keeping and feeding, the level of well-being, and the cognitive-emotional state of animals. Appropriate use of behavioral tests also allows for the assessment and prediction of features of social behavior, reproductive status and potential productive qualities of an animal. Key words: behavior, pigs, physiological state, productivity, methodology.