Relevant bibliographies by topics / Internal and external approaches to evaluation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Internal and external approaches to evaluation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Internal and external approaches to evaluation"

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Johnson, Peter A. "Reflecting on the Success of Open Data." International Journal of E-Planning Research 5, no. 3 (July 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2016070101.

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Despite the high level of interest in open data, little research has evaluated how municipal government evaluates the success of their open data programs. This research presents results from interviews with eight Canadian municipal governments that point to two approaches to evaluation: internal and external. Internal evaluation looks for use within the data generating government, and for support from management and council. External evaluation tracks use by external entities, including citizens, private sector, or other government agencies. Three findings of this work provide guidance for the development of open data evaluation metrics. First, approaches to tracking can be both passive, via web metrics, and active, via outreach activities to users. Second, value of open data must be broadly defined, and extend beyond economic valuations. Lastly, internal support from management or council and the contributions of many organization employees towards the production of open data are important forms of self-evaluation of open data programs.
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Rogers, Alison, Madeleine Bower, Cathy Malla, Sharon Manhire, and Deborah Rhodes. "Developing a Cultural Protocol for Evaluation." Evaluation Journal of Australasia 17, no. 2 (June 2017): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035719x1701700203.

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Evaluation is understood to be important for ensuring programs and organisations are effective and relevant. Evaluation findings, however, can be potentially inappropriate or not useful if those who have an in-depth understanding of the context are not involved in guidance, direction or implementation. The Fred Hollows Foundation's Indigenous Australia Program (IAP), with more than half of its employees identifying as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander, has developed a cultural protocol for evaluation to strengthen the quality of its program evaluations, whether they are carried out by internal staff or external evaluators. The development of the protocol was initiated after an evaluation capacity building appraisal identified the potential benefits of increased external support to undertake evaluation activities, and the requirement for this external support to be undertaken in a culturally appropriate manner. The protocol was developed by combining IAP's experience and knowledge with contemporary evaluation and research approaches, particularly those developed for use in cross-cultural settings, with the aim of producing a meaningful and locally relevant resource. The protocol aims to assist staff and external evaluators to ensure that evaluation activities are undertaken with the appropriate respect for, and participation of, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individuals and communities. Consistent with IAP principles, those involved in the process of developing the protocols sought to ensure that engagement between staff, evaluators and evaluation participants occurs in culturally-appropriate ways. IAP believes that the protocol will contribute to stronger evaluation practices, deeper understanding and thus, more useful outcomes. This article describes the process of engaging IAP staff with contextual evidence and the literature around cultural protocols to create a meaningful tool that is useful in our particular context. The process of development described will be useful for: organisations undertaking initiatives that source external evaluators; internal evaluators engaging with external expertise; or evaluators linking with organisations working in a cross-cultural setting.
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BURCAR DUNOVIC, Ivana, Mladen RADUJKOVIC, and Mladen VUKOMANOVIC. "INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL RISK BASED ASSESMENT AND EVALUATION FOR THE LARGE INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 22, no. 5 (May 17, 2016): 673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2015.1128479.

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The level of sensitivity to project success of large infrastructure projects is significantly greater in front-phase than in execution phase. Yet, due to focus on execution phase, methods for project assessment and on-going evaluation during front phases are insufficiently developed. On the other hand, risk management approaches has been moved from risk management towards holistic uncertainty management which is the most beneficial in front end phase of the project. This research identifies that majority of methods and techniques available does not support uncertainty management concept. The purpose of this paper is to develop and new method for risk based project assessment and evaluation inte­grating risk impact modelling using cumulative distribution curves (CDC) and multi-criteria project evaluation approach. Research is based on in-depth risk analysis of 15 large infrastructure projects using risk model of components and char­acteristics. The conclusion of the paper is verification and validation of method that combines qualitative and quantita­tive analysis using risk components, risk breakdown structure, AHP method and risk impact modelling using cumulative distribution curves (CDC) for internal and external risk based assessment and evaluation of large infrastructure projects.
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Кулькова and Varvara Kulkova. "DIAGNOSIS OF DYNAMIC STABILITY OF NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS." Central Russian Journal of Social Sciences 10, no. 3 (May 29, 2015): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11692.

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The research is done at the financial support of Russian Foundation for Humanities within the research project № 14-02-00119 The article presents the results of diagnostics of dynamic stability of NPOs. Methodical approaches to the assessment of external and internal stability of non-profit organizations are presented. The results of done diagnosis of external sustainability of NPOs in the framework of dynamic and transactional approaches indicate "weak" sustainability of NPOs. Factors destabilizing external sustainability are described. According to the evaluation of structural factors of internal stability of NPOs, a trend of increasing project activity of NPOs and growth of innovation in the nonprofit sector in 2011-2014 is shown, which is considered by experts as a cause for increasing the resistance of NPOs.
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Rose, John G., Bradley N. Lemke, Steven C. Dresner, and Mark J. Lucarelli. "Blepharoptosis Treatment Options during Upper Eyelid Cosmetic Blepharoplasty." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 20, no. 2 (June 2003): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074880680302000202.

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Introduction: To describe surgical techniques of blepharoptosis treatment during upper eyelid cosmetic blepharoplasty. Materials and Methods: All patients underwent a preoperative evaluation, including eyelid position measurements, visual field testing, and, where appropriate, phenylephrine testing. Standard upper eyelid blepharoplasty skin/orbicularis excision was performed, exposing the orbital septum. External levator repair was then performed through an 8-mm incision in the orbital septum. In other patients, internal ptosis repair was performed transconjunctivally following upper eyelid blepharoplasty. Results: Ptosis repair methodologies of internal versus external approaches are compared and contrasted. Discussion: Combining ptosis repair with cosmetic blepharoplasty is a safe, effective treatment for patients who demonstrate both dermatochalasis and ptosis.
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Vlasova, Natalia, and Dmitriy Karkh. "Quality of the master's program: factors and regulatory framework." SHS Web of Conferences 99 (2021): 01038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219901038.

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The quality of educational programs and the assessment criteria is a debatable point. Universities pay special attention to the management and evaluation of the master's program quality to improve competitiveness. Approaches to an external and internal assessment of the quality of master's programs have changed over the past 20 years in Russia. The paper analyses the approach to internal university monitoring of the master's programs, taking into account external requirements and all stakeholders’ opinions. The analysis of the preferences of employers and students allowed us to determine the parameters of internal monitoring of the quality of master's programs. Focused interviews with representatives of local government bodies allowed to identify the blocks of disciplines that need to be further integrated into the master's program in public administration. It is emphasized that the approach to quality assessment should be more flexible in order to respond to the challenges of the external environment.
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Muradyan, Olena. "Life Chances and Opportunities in Ukraine: a Subjective Evaluation of Objective Reality." Sociological studios, no. 1(6) (May 22, 2018): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2306-3971-2015-01-68-78.

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This article examines the state of uncertainty and the large number of social groups with limited vital resource and low status, as the characteristics of the Ukrainian society, which are updated by the attention to adaptation approaches to the analysis of life strategies and the search for the answer to the question: which system of value orientations makes a successful internal and external adaptation to existing conditions and social changes, when the possibility of long-term planning is limited.
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Zaskaleta, Svitlana. "HIGHER EDUCATION QUALITY ASSURANCE: FINLAND’S EXPERIENCE." Continuing Professional Education: Theory and Practice, no. 2 (2020): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/1609-8595.2020.2.15.

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The article discusses the main approaches to quality assurance in higher education in Finland. The relevance of studying the experience for Ukraine is determined. Quality assurance in higher education is governed by the legal framework of the country. External evaluation is carried out by the Finnish Education Evaluation Center (FINEEC). The objectives of the FINEEC are: evaluation of education, teaching, teachers and activities of higher education institutions; development of educational evaluation; evaluation of the results of training in basic education, higher secondary education and training, basic education in the arts. Finnish higher education institutions are primarily responsible for the quality of education. Self-esteem is accomplished through a digital platform. Program accreditation aims to increase international recognition. The author notes that Higher Education Institutions are actively involved in external evaluations. The quality assurance mechanism of education is constantly being improved. The results of the external evaluation are used as a benchmark for internal evaluation. Higher education institutions select a national or international team to audit. Particular attention is paid to the accreditation of programs. The analysis of the quality assurance system of higher education gives grounds to claim that it is an effective organization, which provides the necessary resources (academic and administrative staff, students, scientific and administrative leaders, financial, material, information, scientific, educational resources, etc.); effective activity of relevant bodies that ensure the quality of higher education of the country; designation of audit teams; identifying audit objectives; undergoing appropriate procedure; defining clear evaluation criteria that demonstrate the effectiveness and quality of the evaluation. The outlined approaches and methods of quality assurance of education serve as an example of imitation for quality assurance of higher education of Ukraine and a guideline for its development.
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Matei, Ani, Corina Georgiana Antonovici, and Carmen Savulescu. "Adaptive Public Administration. Managerial and Evaluation Instruments." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 15, no. 4 (October 25, 2017): 763–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/15.4.763-784(2017).

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The adaptive public administration occurs frequently in theoretical and empirical analyses. The concept itself represents the finality of multiple approaches, assessing and operationalizing the impact of the changes induced by internal and external environment on the current status of a public or private organization. The current paper aims the first integrative synthesis of those processes or state-of-the-art, in view to provide a complex framework and vision to the development of more profound future analyses. Our approach sustains the implementation of a conscious and substantiated vision concerning adaptation in public organizations and/or public administration, revealing their specificity, need for improving the managerial and evaluation instruments, as well as multidisciplinary valorisation of various aspects on organisational adaptation.
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Groen, Jovan F. "Engaging in Enhancement: Implications of Participatory Approaches in Higher Education Quality Assurance." Collected Essays on Learning and Teaching 10 (June 12, 2017): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/celt.v10i0.4728.

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Stemming from increased levels of participation and diversity of the student base and from growing scrutiny on the quality of university degrees, governments have begun establishing mechanisms to monitor and support quality in higher education. Faced with administrative quality assurance structures, academics often complain that little is discussed in terms of collaborative effort toward program opportunities, enhancement, and growth and that focus is solely on accountability. This paper examines the viability of participatory approaches, pulled from the field of evaluation, as a way of leading to a more meaningful enhancement-oriented quality assurance process and creating common ground across the differing interests of external and internal stakeholders to quality in higher education.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Internal and external approaches to evaluation"

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Barroso, Marcos André Rosendo. "Trend tracking approaches : a critical overview and possible integration between internal and external environment." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19798.

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Mestrado em Gestão de Sistemas de Informação
Esta dissertação discute a relação entre as tendências, o ambiente interno da organização e como se preparar para o futuro que está por vir. Ela apresenta as definições mais aceites da área de foresight, propõe um esquema teórico baseado no VUCA, STEEP e sua aplicação em uma organização real do setor da banca. O objetivo é ajudar as organizações a perceber seu ambiente e alinhar da melhor forma as ações para um futuro incerto.
This thesis discusses the relation between the trends, the organization?s internal environment and how to prepare for the future that lies ahead. It presents the most accepted definitions of foresight area, proposes a theoretical framework based on VUCA, STEEP and its application in a real organization of the banking sector. The objective is to help organizations understand their environment and better align the actions to an uncertain future.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Fung, Yam-cheung Kelvin. "The use of internal versus external standards in perceptual evaluation of voice quality." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36208899.

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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 1994.
"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, April 29, 1994." Also available in print.
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Hulthén, Hana. "On understanding of external and internal integration in supply chains : challenges and evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Lund University, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-64925.

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Benefits of implementing Supply Chain Integration (SCI) are acknowledged in existing integration literature. Integration extending beyond functional silos and firm boundaries is expected to provide value for customers in terms of higher quality, improved service level, and reduced costs.In addition, internal integration allows business functions to align around a single company goal. This type of integration promotes value creation while decreasing redundancies and costs. Yet, regardless of the significant advances in research and practice, many organizations still experience difficulties not only to integrate activities with supply chain partners, but they also struggle to integrate activities within an organization, for example, through implementation of a sales and operations planning (S&OP) process. To tackle these challenges, organizations may need to reconsider why and how they integrate both internally and externally. However, the previous integration research provides only limited guidelines for how to carry out such evaluations. Many organizations experience difficulties in addressing the complexity related to integration and evaluation of activities internally and with SC partners. The lack of concrete guidelines for evaluation of SCI in theory is seen as one of the reasons for the still sporadic examples of successful SCI in practice. Thus, the overall purpose of this research is to increase understanding of external and internal integration in supply chains. To address the purpose, three studies (1-3) have been conducted. The study 1 highlighted the current status and several SCI challenges in academic literature and in practice. One of the major challenges relates to the absence of a systematic comprehensive approach for evaluation of internal and external integration. To contribute to closing of this gap, study 2 was conducted to develop a context based framework for evaluation of external integration. Finally, the subsequent study 3 aimed to develop a framework for evaluation of the S&OP process. Concerning the SCI challenges, this research contributes to previous integration literature by confirming some existing challenges but also by identifying additional challenges. Related to challenges of external integration, a set of contextual factors are identified which were observed to challenge the establishment of an appropriate level of external integration with SC partners. As a result a misfit occurs between the contextual factors and applied level of external integration. Additionally, reasons for the misfits were identified and discussed. Associated with the challenges of S&OP process, this thesis adds to existing fragmented literature on the S&OP process evaluation challenges by synthesizing and extending the existing knowledge. A framework has been developed which is founded on two key areas of process performance – S&OP process effectiveness and efficiency, and on various maturity levels of the process. Although several challenges were found for each maturity level, some challenges were observed occurring across more levels. Moreover, in this research, a context based framework for evaluation of external integration is proposed. The framework extends the previous SCI frameworks. It is founded on contextual factors which were considered by the studied cases when integrating with their SC partners. Furthermore, the factors were observed to promote establishment of an appropriate level of external integration. Each level consists of identified external integration activities. The thesis further contributes to the S&OP performance research by addressing the lack of process oriented frameworks for evaluation of the process performance. The proposed framework of measuring the S&OP process performance considers the five major steps of the process and their outputs as well as the output of the entire process. To reflect the process performance measures, the framework structures and defines effectiveness and efficiency measures and their relation to the process performance. The framework also conforms to the majority of the criteria for designing of appropriate performance measures. Finally, the major results of the thesis are synthesized and a framework is suggested of external integration and its effect on S&OP process performance. The framework considers the identified contextual factors, appropriate levels of external integration, and the S&OP performance measures the integration can have effect on. The thesis also discusses, alongside with the theoretical contributions, how the developed frameworks can support managers in evaluating their supply chain integration practices. Additionally, several opportunities for future research are outlined.
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Merriman, Carolyn S., K. Frith, and M. J. Hamilton. "Use of Computerized Testing for External and Internal Curriculum Evaluation in Undergraduate Nursing Programs." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8445.

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Velasquez, Alejandro Vargas. "Evaluation of internal and external markers for estimating dry matter intake and digestibility in cattle." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-17052017-152938/.

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Feed intake assessment is a valuable tool for herd management decisions. The use of markers, either internal or external, is currently the most used technique for estimating feed intake in production animals. Three experiments were conducted with beef and dairy cattle. In dairy cows fed a corn silage based diet with 45% concentrate, the average fecal recovery (FR) of TiO2 was higher than FR of Cr2O3 and both FR were more than unity. The FR was unaffected by the fecal sampling procedure but, estimates for dry-matter digestibility (DMD) and fecal output (FO) were affected. The Cr2O3 + indigestible acid detergent fiber (iADF) marker pair produced accurate dry-matter intake (DMI) estimates. In steers fed diets with different forage sources FR of TiO2 was close to 1 and this marker produced adequate FO estimates. The FR was affected by the forage source that composed the diet and none of the marker pairs produced accurate DMI estimates. In young Nelore bulls fed corn silage or Tifton-85 hay based diets with varying F:C ratios, the average FR of internal markers acetyl bromide lignin (ABL), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF), iADF and cutin was different from 100%. Markers Cr2O3 and TiO2 had FR lower and higher than 100%, respectively. The combination of internal and external markers to estimate DMI produced satisfactory and accurate results, particularly Cr2O3 based pairs with iNDF and iADF. Internal markers ABL and cutin deserve more attention. The GRAB sampling procedures yielded accurate DMD, FO and DMI estimates, which were as good as or better than BULK sampling procedures. Regardless of the fecal sampling method and the composition of the diet, it is necessary to establish the FR of the markers to be used in each experiment, in order to obtain correct estimates. None of the markers had complete FR consistent throughout the 3 experiments. Cutin and ABL had lower than unity FR on all diets and failed to produce accurate DMD estimates. When either one was paired with Cr2O3 or TiO2, DMI estimates were also not accurate. Of the indigestible fibers, iNDF and iADF, the later was more accurate in estimating DMI when paired with Cr2O3. Consistently throughout the experiments, FR was lower than and higher than unity for internal and external markers, respectively. Corrected FO estimates were accurate for Cr2O3 on various diets under GRAB sampling. The same was not true for TiO2, which even after FR correction was applied failed to produce accurate FO estimates consistently. The method of dosing the external markers is extremely important and greatly affects and determines results. Whichever the method, it must allow the animals to display normal feeding behavior and not affect performance. The GRAB sampling procedures can replace TFC (once FR is established) which may open new possibilities for pasture based or collectively housed animals.
A determinação do consumo de alimentos é uma valiosa ferramenta na hora da tomada de decisões de manejo do rebanho. O uso de marcadores, sejam internos ou externos, é atualmente a técnica mais utilizada para estimar o consumo em animais de produção. Três experimentos foram conduzidos. Em vacas de leite alimentadas com silagem de milho com 45% de concentrado, a recuperação fecal (RF) média de TiO2 foi maior do que a RF de Cr2O3 e ambas foram maiores do que a unidade. A RF não foi afetada pelo método de coleta de fezes, mas, as estimativas de digestibilidade da matéria seca e produção fecal (PF) foram. A dupla de marcadores Cr2O3+i fibra detergente ácido indigestível (iADF) produziu estimativas de consumo de matéria seca (CMS) acuradas. Em novilhos alimentados com diferentes fontes de forragem, a RF do TiO2 foi próxima a 1 e este marcador produziu estimativas de PF adequadas. A RF foi afetada pela fonte de forragem que compunha a dieta e nenhum dos marcadores produziu estimativas de CMS acuradas. Em tourinhos Nelore alimentados com dietas compostas de silagem de milho ou feno de Tifton-85 e diferentes relações de volumoso:concentrado, a RF média dos marcadores internos lignina brometo de acetila (LBA), fibra detergente ácido indigestível (iFDN), (iFDA) e cutina foi diferente de 100%. Os marcadores Cr2O3 e TiO2 tiveram RF menor e maior que 100%, respectivamente. A combinação de marcadores internos e externos para estimar o CMS produziu resultados acurados e satisfatórios, principalmente as duplas Cr2O3 e iFDN ou iFDA. Os marcadores internos LBA e cutina merecem mais estudos. O método de coleta GRAB produziu estimativas de DMS, PF e CMS acuradas, as quais foram iguais ou melhores que as produzidas pelo método de coleta BULK. Independentemente do método de coleta de fezes e da composição da dieta, é necessário estabelecer a RF real dos marcadores que serão usados em experimento para obter estimativas corretas. Nenhum dos marcadores teve RF completa e consistente nos 3 experimentos. A cutina e LBA tiveram RF menor do que a unidade em todas as dietas e falharam em produzir estimativas acuradas de DMS. Quando qualquer dos dois foi pareado com Cr2O3 ou TiO2 as estimativas de CMS também não foram acuradas. Das fibras indigestíveis, iFDN e iFDA, a segunda foi mais acurada em estimar o CMS quando pareada com Cr2O3. As estimativas de PF corrigida foram acuradas para Cr2O3 em diferentes dietas sob metodologia de coleta GRAB. O mesmo não foi observado para o TiO2, que produziu estimativas enviesadas inclusive após a correção. O método de dosagem dos marcadores externos é extremadamente importante já que afeta e determina em grande medida os resultados. Qualquer que seja o método, este deve permitir ao animal comportar-se e alimentar-se normalmente sem comprometer seu desempenho. Os métodos de coleta GRAB podem substituir a coleta total de fezes (CTF) (após determinação da RF) o que poderá abrir novas possibilidades para estudos com animais em pastagem ou alojados em baias coletivas.
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Jones, Jane Myers. "University Image: Perceptions Held by Internal and External Stakeholders of East Tennessee State University." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2001. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1023101-165959/restricted/jonesj111901.pdf.

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Scott, Paul A. "Improving the application of implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy : an evaluation of new approaches to patient selection." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/377714/.

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Wimbauer, Lisa Kristina [Verfasser], and Carolin [Akademischer Betreuer] Haeussler. "Innovate with Crowds. Co-Creation and Idea Evaluation in Internal and External Crowdsourcing. / Lisa Kristina Wimbauer ; Betreuer: Carolin Haeussler." Passau : Universität Passau, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1217062602/34.

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Palki, Anand B. "CACHE OPTIMIZATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A STRUCTURED CFD CODE - GHOST." UKnowledge, 2006. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/363.

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This research focuses on evaluating and enhancing the performance of an in-house, structured, 2D CFD code - GHOST, on modern commodity clusters. The basic philosophy of this work is to optimize the cache performance of the code by splitting up the grid into smaller blocks and carrying out the required calculations on these smaller blocks. This in turn leads to enhanced code performance on commodity clusters. Accordingly, this work presents a discussion along with a detailed description of two techniques: external and internal blocking, for data access optimization. These techniques have been tested on steady, unsteady, laminar, and turbulent test cases and the results are presented. The critical hardware parameters which influenced the code performance were identified. A detailed study investigating the effect of these parameters on the code performance was conducted and the results are presented. The modified version of the code was also ported to the current state-of-art architectures with successful results.
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Fors, Sebastian. "Värderingars tillförlitlighet Värderingars tillförlitlighet." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146882.

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Denna uppsats behandlar svenska börsnoterade fastighetsbolags tillvägagångssätt att värdera sitt fastighetsbestånd. Både när det kommer till metod och typ av värdering (graden av intern kontra extern). Vidare undersöks faktorer som står till grund för dessa och hur företagens värdering har förändrats sen en kortare tid tillbaka. Uppsatsen kombinerar analyser av finansiella årsredovisningar från svenska börsnoterade fastighetsbolag med ett par kvalitativa intervjuer med några av de högst respekterade och uppsatta personerna i fastighetsvärlden. Analyserna visar på att en majoritet av fastighetsbolagen använder en hög grad extern värdering tillsammans med avkastningsbaserade värderingsmetoder. Även en förändring av fördelningen mellan intern och extern värdering under de senaste fyra åren konstateras och reflekteras över. I intervjuerna jämförs bland annat interna och externa värderingars riktighet och trovärderighet ur två väldigt olika perspektiv. Här tas även problematik upp och skillnader i teori och praktik.
This paper deals with public Swedish property companies way of evaluating their property portfolio. Both when it comes to the valuation method and the type of the evaluation (rate of internal contra external). Further, factors behind these choices and how the evaluation have changed over a shorter time period. The thesis combines analysis of financial reports combined with qualitative interviews with some of the most respected and exalted people of the real estate world. The analysis shows that a majority of the property companies uses a high rate of external evaluation together with a yield method. Also a change in the ratio of internal and external evaluation during the last four years is found and reflected upon. In the interviews the correctness and reliability of internal and external evaluations are compared from two very different perspectives. Problems and differences between theory and practice are brought up here as well.
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Books on the topic "Internal and external approaches to evaluation"

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Approaches to the individual: The relationship between internal and external conversation. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

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Chalari, Athanasia. Approaches to the individual: The relationship between internal and external conversation. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

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Chalari, Athanasia. Approaches to the individual: The relationship between internal and external conversation. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

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Chalari, Athanasia. Approaches to the individual: The relationship between internal and external conversation. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

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Wilson, Paul F. Performance-based assessments: External, internal, and self-assessment tools for total quality management. Milwaukee, Wis: ASQC Quality Press, 1995.

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Mfunwa, Mzwanele Griffiths. Strengthening internal accountability in the context of programme-based approaches in Sub-Saharan Africa. Bonn: German Development Institute, 2006.

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Castañeda-Méndez, Kicab. The Baldrige assessor's workbook: How to perform the examiner's role for internal and external assessments. New York, N.Y: Quality Resources, 1997.

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Wedgwood, Ralph. Why Does Rationality Matter? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802693.003.0009.

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Internalism implies that rationality requires nothing more than what in the broadest sense counts as ‘coherence’. The earlier chapters of this book argue that rationality is in a strong sense normative. But why does coherence matter? The interpretation of this question is clarified. An answer to the question would involve a general characterization of rationality that makes it intuitively less puzzling why rationality is in this strong sense normative. Various approaches to this question are explored: a deflationary approach, the appeal to ‘Dutch book’ theorems, the idea that rationality is constitutive of the nature of mental states. It is argued that none of these approaches solves the problem. An adequate solution will have to appeal to some value that depends partly on how things are in the external world—in effect, an external goal—and some normatively significant connection between internal rationality and this external goal.
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Krupnikov, Yanna, and Blake Findley. Survey Experiments. Edited by Lonna Rae Atkeson and R. Michael Alvarez. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190213299.013.32.

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In recent years more and more scholars have turned to survey experiments. These studies randomly assign treatments in a survey context, which allows a researcher to balance both internal and external validity considerations. Although survey experiments carry with them numerous benefits, these studies are not without their costs. Pivotal to the costs and benefits of survey experiments are the types of participants recruited to take part in a study and the types of tasks these participants are asked to perform. This chapter explores the conditions under which survey experiments can live up to the promise of greater generalizability and considers those under which this type of experimental design is superior to other experimental approaches.
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Humphreys, Paul. Introduction. Edited by Paul Humphreys. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199368815.013.44.

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This introduction provides an overview of the current state of philosophy of science and some predictions about its future direction. The contents of the handbook are described using a framework based on the unity of science and approaches to reduction, with the successes and failures of each described. New areas in the discipline, such as the philosophy of astronomy, data, neuroscience, and post-empiricism are discussed, as well as traditional areas such as causation, explanation, and theory structure. A defense of contemporary philosophy of science against external criticisms is given, including examples of progress within the field and technical relevance to particular sciences. The reasons for internal disagreements are provided and compared to disagreements within science.
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Book chapters on the topic "Internal and external approaches to evaluation"

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Poth, Alexander, Mario Kottke, and Andreas Riel. "Evaluation of Agile Team Work Quality." In Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming – Workshops, 101–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58858-8_11.

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Abstract The maturity of organizations is measured with process assessment models like the ISO/IEC 33001. The product quality is aligned with internal and external product quality charactersitics based on models like the ISO/IEC 25010. With the shift from the Tailorism-driven process orientation to a more people centric organization, the two dimensions process and product quality have to be extened by the people or team quality dimension. The presented approach offers aspects for agile Team Work Quality (aTWQ), as well as related measurement indicators. The approach is evaluated in the large enterprise context of the Volkswagen AG. The indicators of aTWQ have been integrated and established in the agile tool box for a sustainable agile transition of the company.
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Chalari, Athanasia. "Simmel and Goffman on Internal and External Conversation." In Approaches to the Individual, 19–49. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230244344_2.

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Schwenter, Scott A. "Variationist Approaches to Spanish Morphosyntax: Internal and External Factors." In The Handbook of Hispanic Sociolinguistics, 121–47. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444393446.ch6.

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Terziyan, Vagan Y., and Seppo Puuronen. "Knowledge Acquisition Based on Semantic Balance of Internal and External Knowledge." In Multiple Approaches to Intelligent Systems, 353–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48765-4_39.

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Byrne, Francis. "Approaches to ‘Missing” Internal (and External) Arguments in Serial Structure." In Creole Language Library, 207. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cll.9.22byr.

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Mouriño, Edwin. "Organization Development/Change and Evaluation: External and Internal Sources to Consider." In Evaluating Organization Development, 125–42. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2017.: Productivity Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21877-7.

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Chun, Keyoung Jin, and Ho Jung Li. "A Study on the External and Internal Morphology of the Mandibular First Premolar Using a Micro-CT." In Advanced Nondestructive Evaluation I, 1139–44. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-412-x.1139.

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Geppert, Hanna, and Martin Wilhelm. "Internal Versus External Balancing in the Evaluation of Graph-Based Number Types." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 359–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34029-2_24.

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Starr, Harvey. "Introduction: The Future Study of International Relations, Two-Level Games, and Internal-External Linkages." In Approaches, Levels, and Methods of Analysis in International Politics, 1–9. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403983480_1.

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Gray, Peter J., and Arun Patil. "Internal and External Quality Assurance Approaches for Improvement and Accountability: A Conceptual Framework." In Engineering Education Quality Assurance, 299–308. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0555-0_22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Internal and external approaches to evaluation"

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Mann, J. Adin, Allen C. Fagerlund, and Daniel Eilers. "AIV Evaluation With Sound Pressure and Fabrication Quality Standards." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97599.

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Criteria for evaluating acoustic induced vibration damage (AIV) has been based on available data, often referred to as the Carucci-Mueller approach1. The Carucci-Mueller approach has been developed with several variances, but all approaches apply the internal sound power formula used with that original published data. However, the equation is an approximation to sound power which is used in very few other applications. This paper will show a correlation between the Carucci-Mueller data and the related design curve to one generated using the IEC 60534-8-3 Control Valve Aerodynamic prediction noise standard2. Additional corrections for fabrication quality will be reviewed. Using internal sound power and the coupling to pipe wall vibration, the resulting external sound pressure can be directly related to strain and thus fatigue failure criteria which are material based. Utilizing the IEC noise standard as well as standards which give corrections for fabrication quality can move the AIV evaluation techniques to methods that are documented in international standards.
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Danisˇka, Vladimir, Jozef Pri´trsky´, Frantisˇek Ondra, Matej Zachar, and Vladimi´r Necˇas. "Reuse of Conditional Released Materials From Decommissioning: A Review of Approaches and Scenarios With Long-Term Constructions." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59149.

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Paper presents the overall scope and actual results of the project for evaluation of representative scenarios for reuse of conditionally released materials from decommissioning. Aim of the project is to evaluate the possibilities of reuse of conditionally released steels and concrete in technical constructions which guarantee the long-term preservation of design properties over periods of 50–100 years. Interaction of conditionally released materials with public is limited and predictable due to design and purpose of selected constructions and due to fact that in many scenarios these materials are embedded in non-radioactive materials such as bars in reinforced concrete. Worker’s scenarios for preparation, operation and maintenance of these constructions are analysed in detail including the manufacturing of elements for these constructions. Project aims to evaluate the scenarios of reuse of conditionally released materials in a complex way in order to develop the data for designers of scenarios and to evaluate the volumes of conditionally released materials based on facility (to be decommissioned) inventory data. The long-term constructions considered are bridges, tunnels, roads, railway constructions, industrial buildings, power industry equipment and others. Evaluation covers following areas: • Analysis of activities for manufacturing of reinforcement bars, rolled steel sheets and other steel elements and analysis of activities for construction of evaluated scenarios in order to evaluate the external exposure of professionals performing these activities; • Analysis of external exposure of professionals involved in operation and maintenance of the long-term constructions; analysis of external exposure of public groups which are exposed to evaluated constructions; • Analysis of internal exposure of public groups from the radionuclides released from the evaluated scenarios based on models for migration of radionuclides from the long-term constructions to critical groups of public; • Based on evaluation of external and internal exposure both for public and workers, maximal concentration of individual radionuclides is defined for construction elements of evaluated scenarios, manufactured from conditionally released materials; • Evaluation of volumes of steels and concrete in the frame of a decommissioning project which fulfil the defined radioactivity concentration limits. Visiplan 4.0 3D ALARA software is used for evaluation of external exposure of professionals and public, GOLDSIM software for evaluation of internal exposure of public and OMEGA code for evaluation of volumes of conditionally releasable materials. Several other parallel papers proposed for ICEM 11 are presenting selected details of the project.
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Narcus, A. R., H. R. Przirembel, and F. O. Soechting. "Evaluation of the External Heat Transfer Coefficients in the High-Pressure Turbine of a Full-Scale Core Engine." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-172.

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The external heat transfer coefficients, necessary for efficient and accurate turbine blade design, have been quantified using three independent methods of data reduction for the high-pressure turbine blades tested in a core engine. Two of the methods utilized external and internal thermocouple data to determine the heat transfer coefficient levels while the third method required the applied heat-flux levels to determine the coefficients. The heat-flux was calculated from the measured potential difference between thermocouple pairs embedded in the external and internal walls of the turbine blades. The instrumented airfoils were calibrated in a laboratory prior to engine testing. The results of the experimental test showed external heat transfer coefficients could be obtained in an engine environment with a ±3.2% minimum absolute uncertainty. All three data reduction methods produced external heat transfer coefficients within a high degree of accuracy and precision for all data locations on the instrumented airfoils. The three data reduction approaches are presented as well as the data for a specific location on a turbine blade for each method of data reduction. In addition, pre-test calibration procedures and data are discussed along with supporting engine instrumentation used to verify the data acquired during the experimental evaluation.
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De Deyne, Simon, Amy Perfors, and Daniel J. Navarro. "Predicting Human Similarity Judgments with Distributional Models: The Value of Word Associations." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/671.

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To represent the meaning of a word, most models use external language resources, such as text corpora, to derive the distributional properties of word usage. In this study, we propose that internal language models, that are more closely aligned to the mental representations of words, can be used to derive new theoretical questions regarding the structure of the mental lexicon. A comparison with internal models also puts into perspective a number of assumptions underlying recently proposed distributional text-based models could provide important insights into cognitive science, including linguistics and artificial intelligence. We focus on word-embedding models which have been proposed to learn aspects of word meaning in a manner similar to humans and contrast them with internal language models derived from a new extensive data set of word associations. An evaluation using relatedness judgments shows that internal language models consistently outperform current state-of-the art text-based external language models. This suggests alternative approaches to represent word meaning using properties that aren't encoded in text.
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Muresan, Alex-Manuel, and Daia Zwicky. "Dimensioning the Flexural Strengthening of Concrete Slabs with Textile Reinforced Mortar - Litterature Data Evaluation." In IABSE Conference, Copenhagen 2018: Engineering the Past, to Meet the Needs of the Future. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/copenhagen.2018.180.

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When strengthening reinforced concrete slabs with textile reinforced mortars (TRM), the “correct” consideration of the global bond behaviour between textile and cementitious matrix is identified as the main challenge in determining the most appropriate global analytical model. The first model evaluated here is based on classical assumptions for structural concrete design. The second model, as another extreme assumption, is completely neglecting textile bond in the cracked zone, thus assuming it as unbonded, end-anchored, external reinforcement. The third model is based on the simplifying assumption of the textile reinforcement being only significantly activated when the internal steel reinforcement is yielding. Analytical results from these approaches are compared to a database containing more than 130 test results reported in literature, and are statistically evaluated.
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Panik, Michal, and Vladimir Necas. "Evaluation of External Exposure During Building and Operation of Concrete Bridges Constructions That Reuse the Conditionally Released Steels." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59120.

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This paper presents ongoing results of the project presented at ICEM’10 [1] related to the topics of reusing the conditionally released materials from decommissioning. The subject of the reuse of conditionally released materials in this case is modeling of bridge constructions which reuse the conditionally released steel in the form of reinforcement bars for the concrete bridges. A general approach for the project was presented at ICEM’10. The activities of the project continue in evaluating the individual effective doses from the external exposure based on reused conditionally released steels separately for public and for professionals (the internal exposure will be evaluated in next stages of the project). Evaluated scenarios are related to critical groups of professionals constructing the bridges (worker’s scenarios). The computer code VISIPLAN 3D ALARA 4.0 planning tool was used for the calculation of the individual effective dose for professionals. Various limits of the annual individual effective dose are used for the evaluation of calculation results. The aim of the ongoing modeling is to develop a set of data of maximal radioactivity concentration for individual radionuclides in the conditionally released steel used in the bridges model constructions in order not to exceed the limits for the individual effective dose.
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Dose, Thies, and Gunar Kachel. "Business-Oriented Reserves and Resource Management - Experiences from a Merger." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206322-ms.

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Abstract In May 2019, the merger between Wintershall GmbH and DEA Deutsche Erdoel AG was closed, which was the start of Wintershall Dea.This paper provides detailed insight into managing reserves and resource information during this merger. After merger, three resource management activities required attention: (i) combining existing resources reporting, (ii) defining a lean but effective resources management and control system, and (iii) ensuring readiness for Initial Public Offering (IPO) by establishing an external independent evaluation of resources ("external resource audit"). This paper describes objectives, challenges and solutions on reserves and resources reporting of the new company. The merged reserves and resources database of the previous year's reports had to consider audits from two different reporting systems in parallel to four different external auditors.With priorities defined by status of external auditing, operatorship and asset share a common database was derived and could immediately be used for financial transactions such as the issuance of an inaugural bond. The new system for internal reporting of petroleum resources provides a fit-for-purpose approach, such as a consistent interpretation of commerciality criteria or definition of resources sub-classes.Particular attention was paid to synergies with respect to business planning, strategic portfolio analysis, and a link to technology & innovation. By defining specific attributes and sub-processes, the portfolio can be analyzed systematically. This provides additional insights and ensures synergies with business planning, strategic planning as well as internal technology initiatives. A systematic resource control system is defined focusing on internal review, external and internal audits as well as synergetic use of project reviews. Moreover, a feedback loop for continuous improvement of reservoir management allows attending to important audit observations. The external resource audit to ensure IPO readiness was structured to assign tasks for head office, business units and auditing company.The sequence of events from introduction to assets to reconciliation of differences between auditor and company was set-up, executed and monitored.Focus was on the definition of a structured but agile approach for external independent evaluation of all reserves and contingent resources.
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Ishizaki, Yoichi, Futoshi Yonekawa, Takeaki Yumoto, Teppei Suzuki, and Shuji Hijikawa. "Remaining Life Assessment of an External Pressure Vessel in Creep Range and Inspection Findings." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65194.

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As widely recognized in the industry, it is important to evaluate the creep damage of an elevated temperature vessel so that the mechanical integrity of the vessel can be achieved through the adequate repair and replacement planning. This is quite straight forward procedure for internal pressure vessels. For an external pressure vessel, it is not easy to assess the creep damage due to the complexity of the creep buckling analysis. Eventually, creep cavity evaluation technique without identifying the correct stress distribution has been used so often. However, due to the uncertainty of the technique itself plus conservative mindset of the inspectors, it tends to leads to an excessive maintenance most of the cases. In order to conduct a reasonable remaining life assessment, it is desirable to use the creep cavity inspection in conjunction with another assessment technique such as FEM creep analysis as stated in API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 10.5.7. In this paper, comprehensive approach with FEM and field inspection such as creep cavity evaluation to reinforce the uncertainty of each method will be demonstrated.
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Pereira, C., J. Ambro´sio, and A. Ramalho. "Internal Contact of Cylindrical Geometries: A New Approach." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44296.

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Most of the models available in the literature describing the contact between cylindrical geometries express the contact force as an implicit function of the indentation. As a result, a numerical iterative technique is required to evaluate the contact force at each integration time step, during the solution of the dynamics of a system, which represents a numerical difficulty when implementing it in a computational program [1]. An analytical model that explicitly defines the indentation as a function of the contact force is more efficient for implementation in a computational code for impact simulation of dynamical systems. A new analytical model for cylindrical contact that in which the force is an explicit function of the indentation, still providing a force-indentation curve similar to that of the Johnson model [2], is proposed and discussed here. The new force contact law expresses the contact force as a function of the indentation and of geometric and material parameters for the contacting cylinders. The new analytical force model parameter identification is based on a sensitivity analysis of the response of the model against the response of the Johnson model [2] for specific contact geometries of the cylinders and Young modulus and Poisson coefficients of the materials of these elements. A comparative study is established to evaluate the performance of the new model with respect to the model presented by Johnson. Considering moderate load values, the force-indentation results show that the new model has always differences lower than 10% from the Johnson model for all geometries and materials, i.e., for a wide range of cylinder diameters and metallic materials properties. Nevertheless, the new model inherits some of the foundations of the Johnson model, which in turn is based on the Hertz non linear contact theory. The Hertz elastic contact theory includes several assumptions that limit its application is restricted to non-conformal contact situations [2]. Therefore, the applicability of the Hertz theory to describe the contact of internal cylinders, in particular for very low clearances, is questionable, to say the least. To show the performance of the new proposed model for internal contact of cylinders with low clearance numerical and experimental studies are performed. The comparative evaluation of results of the experimental studies with those resulting from the analytical model proposed by Johnson and from the new model is presented. The experimental and numerical results using the new model, for cylindrical contact with similar clearance values, show differences smaller than 3%. The experimental results difference with respect to the Johnson model reaches values of 15%. Finally, it can be concluded that not only for a wide range of large clearance values but also for very small clearance/external radii ratios, both the Johnson model and the new model are perfectly suitable to describe the contact between cylindrical bodies.
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Panggabean, Erika Christine, and Jerry Stevan Sinambela. "Evaluation Of User Satisfaction Towards New Student Admission Website Quality." In International Conference of Education in the New Normal Era. RSF Press & RESEARCH SYNERGY FOUNDATION, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/iceiakn.v1i1.243.

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This study aims to evaluate the quality of the IAKN Tarutung PMB website using the WebQual approach. The population in this study were users of the IAKN Tarutung PMB website, where the total sample was 201 respondents by using purposive sampling Webqual 4.0. Webqual 4.0 consists of 4 variables, namely Usability, Information Quality, Service Interaction Quality, and Overall. The research method used is a survey with a questionnaire based on Webqual 4.0. The results of the validity and reliability tests show that all questionnaire items are valid and reliable because they meet the requirements. The results of multiple correlation analysis also indicate a strong relationship between the independent and dependent variables in this study. Moreover, based on the data analysis that Webqual can be used to analyze the quality of several websites, both internal (intranet) and external websites. So the conclusion is usability, information quality, and service interaction is jointly influence user satisfaction.
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Reports on the topic "Internal and external approaches to evaluation"

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Aiginger, Karl, Andreas Reinstaller, Michael Böheim, Rahel Falk, Michael Peneder, Susanne Sieber, Jürgen Janger, et al. Evaluation of Government Funding in RTDI from a Systems Perspective in Austria. Synthesis Report. WIFO, Austria, August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2009.504.

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In the spring of 2008, WIFO, KMU Forschung Austria, Prognos AG in Germany and convelop were jointly commissioned by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Economy, Family and Youth to perform a systems evaluation of the country's research promotion and funding activities. Based on their findings, six recommendations were developed for a change in Austrian RTDI policy as outlined below: 1. to move from a narrow to a broader approach in RTDI policy (links to education policy, consideration of the framework for innovation such as competition, international perspectives and mobility); 2. to move from an imitation to a frontrunner strategy (striving for excellence and market leadership in niche and high-quality segments, increasing market shares in advanced sectors and technology fields, and operating in segments of relevance for society); 3. to move from a fragmented approach to public intervention to a more coordinated and consistent approach(explicit economic goals, internal and external challenges and reasoning for public intervention); 4. to move from a multiplicity of narrowly defined funding programmes to a flexible, dynamic policy that uses a broader definition of its tasks and priorities (key technology and research segments as priority-action fields, adequate financing of clusters and centres of excellence); 5. to move from an unclear to a precisely defined allocation of responsibilities between ministries and other players in the field (high-ranking steering group at government level, monitoring by a Science, Research and Innovation Council); 6. to move from red-tape-bound to a modern management of public intervention (institutional separation between ministries formulating policies and agencies executing them, e.g., by "progressive autonomy").
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Leavy, Michelle B., Danielle Cooke, Sarah Hajjar, Erik Bikelman, Bailey Egan, Diana Clarke, Debbie Gibson, Barbara Casanova, and Richard Gliklich. Outcome Measure Harmonization and Data Infrastructure for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research in Depression: Report on Registry Configuration. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcregistryoutcome.

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Background: Major depressive disorder is a common mental disorder. Many pressing questions regarding depression treatment and outcomes exist, and new, efficient research approaches are necessary to address them. The primary objective of this project is to demonstrate the feasibility and value of capturing the harmonized depression outcome measures in the clinical workflow and submitting these data to different registries. Secondary objectives include demonstrating the feasibility of using these data for patient-centered outcomes research and developing a toolkit to support registries interested in sharing data with external researchers. Methods: The harmonized outcome measures for depression were developed through a multi-stakeholder, consensus-based process supported by AHRQ. For this implementation effort, the PRIME Registry, sponsored by the American Board of Family Medicine, and PsychPRO, sponsored by the American Psychiatric Association, each recruited 10 pilot sites from existing registry sites, added the harmonized measures to the registry platform, and submitted the project for institutional review board review Results: The process of preparing each registry to calculate the harmonized measures produced three major findings. First, some clarifications were necessary to make the harmonized definitions operational. Second, some data necessary for the measures are not routinely captured in structured form (e.g., PHQ-9 item 9, adverse events, suicide ideation and behavior, and mortality data). Finally, capture of the PHQ-9 requires operational and technical modifications. The next phase of this project will focus collection of the baseline and follow-up PHQ-9s, as well as other supporting clinical documentation. In parallel to the data collection process, the project team will examine the feasibility of using natural language processing to extract information on PHQ-9 scores, adverse events, and suicidal behaviors from unstructured data. Conclusion: This pilot project represents the first practical implementation of the harmonized outcome measures for depression. Initial results indicate that it is feasible to calculate the measures within the two patient registries, although some challenges were encountered related to the harmonized definition specifications, the availability of the necessary data, and the clinical workflow for collecting the PHQ-9. The ongoing data collection period, combined with an evaluation of the utility of natural language processing for these measures, will produce more information about the practical challenges, value, and burden of using the harmonized measures in the primary care and mental health setting. These findings will be useful to inform future implementations of the harmonized depression outcome measures.
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