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Journal articles on the topic 'Intervention conditions'
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Killeen, Rosemary M. "Targeting GI conditions for intervention*." Canadian Pharmacists Journal 141, sp1 (2008): S2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3821/1913-701x(2008)141[s2:tgcfi]2.0.co;2.
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Mitchell, Amy E., Alina Morawska, and Mandy Mihelic. "A systematic review of parenting interventions for child chronic health conditions." Journal of Child Health Care 24, no. 4 (2019): 603–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367493519882850.
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This systematic review summarizes the parenting intervention literature for parents of children with chronic health conditions and evaluates intervention effects on parenting (parenting skills and parenting efficacy) and child (behaviour, illness severity/control and quality of life) outcomes. Systematic searches using seven electronic databases (including CINHAL, MEDLINE and PsycINFO) were used to identify relevant papers published in English between 1997 and 2017, and reference lists were searched for additional relevant articles. Ten papers reporting on eight separate studies met inclusion criteria: three studies evaluated stand-alone parenting interventions, while the remaining five studies included parenting components in broader interventions that also targeted medically oriented aspects of illness management. Results suggest that parenting interventions may lead to improved parent self-efficacy, parenting behaviour, illness severity/control, child quality of life and child behaviour; however, intervention effects were mixed and confined to parent-report outcome measures. A paucity of studies using rigorous randomized controlled trial study designs limits the conclusions that can be drawn regarding intervention efficacy. Achieving adequate enrolment and retention of families in parenting intervention trials appears to be problematic within these clinical groups. Larger samples and more diverse clinical populations will support the reliability of future evaluations of parenting interventions in this context and improve generalizability of results.
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Stookey, Jodi D. "Under What Conditions do Water-Intervention Studies Significantly Improve Child Body Weight?" Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 70, Suppl. 1 (2017): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000463074.
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There are particular conditions that may optimize the effects of drinking-water interventions on body weight change and risk of obesity. Strategic planning to create and sustain conditions for optimal effects of drinking water may maximize the impact of school-based interventions to reduce childhood obesity. This paper proposes questions about the target population, type of diet and activity level that will be maintained during the intervention, and planned intervention message(s). The proposed questions are motivated by conditions associated with significant effects of drinking water in randomized controlled trials. They are discussed in relation to conditions underlying the recently successful school-based drinking-water intervention in New York City. If conditions allow, school-based drinking-water interventions have the potential to efficiently benefit millions of children worldwide, who are at risk of becoming obese.
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Shields, Jane. "Early intervention in children with developmental conditions." British Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 6, no. 11 (1999): 526–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjtr.1999.6.11.13921.
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Capoore, H. S., C. M. Rowland Payne, and D. Goldin. "Does psychological intervention help chronic skin conditions?" Postgraduate Medical Journal 74, no. 877 (1998): 662–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.74.877.662.
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Wroe, Abigail L., Edward W. Rennie, Sarah Gibbons, Arek Hassy, and Judith E. Chapman. "IAPT and Long Term Medical Conditions: What Can We Offer?" Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 43, no. 4 (2014): 412–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465813001227.
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Background: The proposal of a 4-year plan to integrate treatment of people with long term medical conditions (LTCs) into the IAPT service (Department of Health, 2011) seeks for research to understand the effectiveness of IAPT interventions for this patient group. Aim: The aim of this service development pilot work was to develop an intervention that is effective for people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). It was hypothesized that the standard IAPT intervention would not be effective, but that it can be adapted so that it is effective both in terms of mood and self-management of T2DM. Method: Clients (n = 95) who experienced mild to moderate depression and/or anxiety and had a diagnosis of T2DM opted to attend. The intervention was adapted over a series of cohorts from a standard Step 2 intervention. A team of Psychological Wellbeing Practitioners (PWPs), a Clinical Health Psychologist and a General Practitioner worked in collaboration, using outcomes measures and feedback from service users and facilitators. Results: The standard IAPT Step 2 intervention met with challenges when specifically targeting this client group. Using paired t-tests, the modified Step 2 intervention demonstrated significant improvements from pre- to postintervention measures both in terms of psychological (n = 17) and physical (n = 9) outcomes. Conclusion: It is concluded that it may be possible to modify a generic Step 2 IAPT intervention to demonstrate improvements both in terms of psychological wellbeing and self-management of T2DM. The main adaptations were related to more targeted recruitment and linking of diabetes specifically into the CBT model.
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Kim, Mijung, Eunyoung Chung, and Mi Sook Jung. "An Analytical Study on Research Trends in Auriculotherapy in Korea." Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing 27, no. 4 (2020): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7739/jkafn.2020.27.4.323.
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Purpose: This study was done to analyze research articles and explore research trends in auriculotherapy between 2010 and 2019 in Korean academic journals.Methods: Domestic databases including KMbase, RISS, KISS, and NDSL were searched for studies published between 2010 and 2019. Research trends were analyzed according to The STandards Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA) guidelines including research design, control group type, and intervention details from a total of 78 domestic papers. Descriptive statistics were analyzed by frequency and percentage.Results: Most studies were conducted in nursing. Regarding research design, a quasi-experimental design with a no-treatment control group was most common. There were 12 conditions with 4 participant categories. The most common intervention was four-point acupuncture-buried therapy. Interventions conducted weekly with cessation of 2 days for 6 weeks were popular. Regarding dropouts, few studies reported side-effects, with personal reasons being the most frequently reported. However, 50% of the studies failed to provide adequate information regarding intervention details according to the STRICTA guidelines, such as the practitioner background, ear point used for intervention, and a flow diagram.Conclusion: Interventional studies on auriculotherapy have been steadily increasing and have included more diversified conditions. Future studies should investigate the effects of auriculotherapy with more rigorous design, and report more detailed information regarding interventions.
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Dyson, Nancy, Nancy C. Jordan, Amber Beliakoff, and Brenna Hassinger-Das. "A Kindergarten Number-Sense Intervention With Contrasting Practice Conditions for Low-Achieving Children." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 46, no. 3 (2015): 331–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.46.3.0331.
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The efficacy of a research-based number-sense intervention for low-achieving kindergartners was examined. Children (N = 126) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: a number-sense intervention followed by a number-fact practice session, an identical number-sense intervention followed by a number-list practice session, or a business-as-usual control group. The interventions were delivered in a small-group setting over 24 half-hour lessons. Both intervention groups performed better than controls on measures of number sense, arithmetic fluency, and general mathematics calculation achievement at immediate posttest. However, the number-fact practice condition gave children an additional advantage over the number-list practice condition on the outcomes at delayed posttest 8 weeks later. The number-fact practice condition was especially effective for producing gains in English learners.
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Stewart, Jay R. "Denial of Disabling Conditions and Specific Interventions in the Rehabilitation Counseling Setting." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 25, no. 3 (1994): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.25.3.7.
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Denial of disabling conditions is prevalent and significant in the rehabilitation counseling setting. For effective diagnosis and intervention with denial, rehabilitation counselors need to understand the causes and consequences of denial as a defense against anxiety. They also need generic intervention skills, as well as skills specific to each client in denial. Because individuals with personality disorders and unstable personalities have unique difficulties in counseling, their extensive use of denial is explained and specific interventions with that population suggested.
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Marcolin, Enrico, Raffaella Marzano, Alessandro Vitali, Matteo Garbarino, and Emanuele Lingua. "Post-Fire Management Impact on Natural Forest Regeneration through Altered Microsite Conditions." Forests 10, no. 11 (2019): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10111014.
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High severity stand-replacing wildfires can deeply affect forest ecosystems whose composition includes plant species lacking fire-related traits and specific adaptations. Land managers and policymakers need to be aware of the importance of properly managing these ecosystems, adopting post-disturbance interventions designed to reach management goals, and restoring the required ecosystem services. Recent research frequently found that post-fire salvage logging negatively affects natural regeneration dynamics, thereby altering successional pathways due to a detrimental interaction with the preceding disturbance. In this study, we compared the effects of salvage logging and other post-disturbance interventions (adopting different deadwood management strategies) to test their impact on microclimatic conditions, which potentially affect tree regeneration establishment and survival. After one of the largest and most severe wildfires in the Western Alps that affected stand-replacing behavior (100% tree mortality), a mountain forest dominated by Pinus sylvestris L., three post-fire interventions were adopted (SL-Salvage Logging, logging of all snags; CR-Cut and Release, cutting snags and releasing all deadwood on the ground; NI-No Intervention, all snags left standing). The differences among interventions concerning microclimatic conditions (albedo, surface roughness, solar radiation, soil moisture, soil temperature) were analyzed at different spatial scales (site, microsite). The management interventions influenced the presence and density of safe sites for regeneration. Salvage logging contributed to the harsh post-fire microsite environment by increasing soil temperature and reducing soil moisture. The presence of deadwood, instead, played a facilitative role in ameliorating microclimatic conditions for seedlings. The CR intervention had the highest soil moisture and the lowest soil temperature, which could be crucial for seedling survival in the first post-fire years. Due to its negative impact on microclimatic conditions affecting the availability of preferential microsites for regeneration recruitment, salvage logging should not be considered as the only intervention to be applied in post-fire environments. In the absence of threats or hazards requiring specific management actions (e.g., public safety, physical hazards for facilities), in the investigated ecosystems, no intervention, leaving all deadwood on site, could result in better microclimatic conditions for seedling establishment. A preferred strategy to speed-up natural processes and further increase safe sites for regeneration could be felling standing dead trees whilst releasing deadwood (at least partially) on the ground.
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Schmiedl, Martin, and Jan Prouza. "Conditions of External Military Interventions in African Internal Conflicts: Complexity of Conflict Intensity, Social Dislocation and Raw Materials." Central European Journal of International and Security Studies 15, no. 2 (2021): 24–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51870/cejiss.a150202.
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External interventions are one of the most important aspects of intrastate conflicts since a majority of them are significantly internationalised, especially in Africa where the interventions most often occur. Factors that lead to the military intervention remain, however, puzzling. The authors therefore apply the method of fs/QCA to understand not only conditionsbehind intervention into African intrastate conflicts, but also to catch interactions among them. The results show high complexity of various possible combinations, mainly of high intensity, massive social dislocation or presence of raw materials in case of interventions in African internal conflicts
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Carpenter, Chris. "Coiled-Tubing Telemetry Intervention in Shut-In Conditions." Journal of Petroleum Technology 70, no. 06 (2018): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0618-0056-jpt.
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Allaire, Saralynn J., Catherine L. Backman, Rawan AlHeresh, and Nancy A. Baker. "Ergonomic intervention for employed persons with rheumatic conditions." Work 46, no. 3 (2013): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-131761.
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Wallis, Holly, and Sinead Dufour. "Pilates As An Intervention For Lumbo-pelvic Conditions." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 46 (May 2014): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000493697.41062.a2.
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Singh, M., C. S. Rihal, V. L. Roger, et al. "Comorbid conditions and outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention." Heart 94, no. 11 (2008): 1424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2007.126649.
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Gonul, Suat, Tuncay Namli, Sasja Huisman, Gokce Banu Laleci Erturkmen, Ismail Hakki Toroslu, and Ahmet Cosar. "An expandable approach for design and personalization of digital, just-in-time adaptive interventions." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 26, no. 3 (2018): 198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy160.
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AbstractObjectiveWe aim to deliver a framework with 2 main objectives: 1) facilitating the design of theory-driven, adaptive, digital interventions addressing chronic illnesses or health problems and 2) producing personalized intervention delivery strategies to support self-management by optimizing various intervention components tailored to people’s individual needs, momentary contexts, and psychosocial variables.Materials and MethodsWe propose a template-based digital intervention design mechanism enabling the configuration of evidence-based, just-in-time, adaptive intervention components. The design mechanism incorporates a rule definition language enabling experts to specify triggering conditions for interventions based on momentary and historical contextual/personal data. The framework continuously monitors and processes personal data space and evaluates intervention-triggering conditions. We benefit from reinforcement learning methods to develop personalized intervention delivery strategies with respect to timing, frequency, and type (content) of interventions. To validate the personalization algorithm, we lay out a simulation testbed with 2 personas, differing in their various simulated real-life conditions.ResultsWe evaluate the design mechanism by presenting example intervention definitions based on behavior change taxonomies and clinical guidelines. Furthermore, we provide intervention definitions for a real-world care program targeting diabetes patients. Finally, we validate the personalized delivery mechanism through a set of hypotheses, asserting certain ways of adaptation in the delivery strategy, according to the differences in simulation related to personal preferences, traits, and lifestyle patterns.ConclusionWhile the design mechanism is sufficiently expandable to meet the theoretical and clinical intervention design requirements, the personalization algorithm is capable of adapting intervention delivery strategies for simulated real-life conditions.
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Akerstrom, Magnus, Linda Corin, Jonathan Severin, Ingibjörg H. Jonsdottir, and Lisa Björk. "Can Working Conditions and Employees’ Mental Health Be Improved via Job Stress Interventions Designed and Implemented by Line Managers and Human Resources on an Operational Level?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (2021): 1916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041916.
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Organisational-level interventions are recommended for decreasing sickness absence, but knowledge of the optimal design and implementation of such interventions is scarce. We collected data on working conditions, motivation, health, employee turnover, and sickness absence among participants in a large-scale organisational-level intervention comprising measures designed and implemented by line managers and their human resources partners (i.e., operational-level). Information regarding the process, including the implementation of measures, was retrieved from a separate process evaluation, and the intervention effects were investigated using mixed-effects models. Data from reference groups were used to separate the intervention effect from the effects of other concurrent changes at the workplace. Overall, working conditions and motivation improved during the study for both the intervention and reference groups, but an intervention effect was only seen for two of 13 evaluated survey items: clearness of objectives (p = 0.02) and motivation (p = 0.06). No changes were seen in employees’ perceived health, and there were no overall intervention effects on employee turnover or sickness absence. When using operational-level workplace interventions to improve working conditions and employees’ health, efforts must be made to achieve a high measure-to-challenge correspondence; that is, the implemented measures must be a good match to the problems that they are intended to address.
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Schmidt, S. J., F. Schultze-Lutter, B. G. Schimmelmann, et al. "EPA guidance on the early intervention in clinical high risk states of psychoses." European Psychiatry 30, no. 3 (2015): 388–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.01.013.
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AbstractThis guidance paper from the European Psychiatric Association (EPA) aims to provide evidence-based recommendations on early intervention in clinical high risk (CHR) states of psychosis, assessed according to the EPA guidance on early detection. The recommendations were derived from a meta-analysis of current empirical evidence on the efficacy of psychological and pharmacological interventions in CHR samples. Eligible studies had to investigate conversion rate and/or functioning as a treatment outcome in CHR patients defined by the ultra-high risk and/or basic symptom criteria. Besides analyses on treatment effects on conversion rate and functional outcome, age and type of intervention were examined as potential moderators. Based on data from 15 studies (n = 1394), early intervention generally produced significantly reduced conversion rates at 6- to 48-month follow-up compared to control conditions. However, early intervention failed to achieve significantly greater functional improvements because both early intervention and control conditions produced similar positive effects. With regard to the type of intervention, both psychological and pharmacological interventions produced significant effects on conversion rates, but not on functional outcome relative to the control conditions. Early intervention in youth samples was generally less effective than in predominantly adult samples. Seven evidence-based recommendations for early intervention in CHR samples could have been formulated, although more studies are needed to investigate the specificity of treatment effects and potential age effects in order to tailor interventions to the individual treatment needs and risk status.
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Horne, Rob, Vanessa Cooper, Vari Wileman, and Amy Chan. "Supporting Adherence to Medicines for Long-Term Conditions." European Psychologist 24, no. 1 (2019): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000353.
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Abstract. Pharmaceutical prescriptions are core to the treatment of most chronic illnesses, yet only half are taken as prescribed. Despite the high costs of nonadherence to individuals and society, effective adherence-promoting interventions are elusive. This is partly due to the sheer complicity of the issue. There are numerous determinants of adherence, both internal to the patient (intrinsic) and external (extrinsic, e.g., environmental or health system-related factors). Also, the relative importance of these determinants varies between individuals and even within the same individual over time and across treatments, presenting a challenge for intervention design. One complication is that interventions can target several levels: (1) patient (e.g., enhancing motivation and/or ability to adhere), (2) patient-provider interactions (e.g., improving communication and the prescribing process), and (3) the healthcare system (e.g., providing the opportunity to access medication through regulatory approval and co-payment schemes). Here, we focus on level 1: the patient. Although environmental factors are important, the effect of an intervention designed to change them will depend on how they impact on the individual. We describe the Perceptions and Practicalities Approach (PAPA), a pragmatic framework positing that adherence/nonadherence is essentially a produce of individual motivation and ability. Adherence interventions, targeted at any level, will therefore be more effective if tailored to address the perceptions and practicalities underpinning individual motivation and ability. We discuss how PAPA can be operationalized, including the application of theoretical models of illness and treatment representation (Necessity-Concerns Framework and Leventhal’s Common-Sense Model) to address salient adherence-related perceptions.
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Cherak, Stephana J., Kirsten M. Fiest, Laura VanderSluis, et al. "Nutrition interventions in populations with mental health conditions: a scoping review." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 45, no. 7 (2020): 687–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2019-0683.
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Nutrition is a modifiable factor for intervention in mental disorders. This scoping review characterized nutrition intervention research in mental disorders. A 3-category framework characterized nutrition interventions: Guide (e.g., counselling), Provide (e.g., food provisions), and Add (e.g., supplementation). Nutrition interventions were classified as single-component (e.g., Guide) or complex (e.g., Guide-Provide). Sixty-nine trials met inclusion criteria, 96% were randomized controlled trials. Most commonly diagnosed mental disorders were depressive disorder (i.e., persistent) or major depressive disorder (n = 39), schizophrenia (n = 17), and other psychotic disorders (n = 13). Few trials included patients with anxiety disorders (n = 2) or bipolar disorders (n = 3). Several trials (n = 15, 22%) assessed and implemented nutrition interventions to improve dietary patterns, of which 11 (73%) reported statistically significant and clinically important positive effects of nutrition interventions on mental disorders. The majority of the trials (n = 61, 90%) investigated supplementation, most commonly adding essential fatty acids, vitamins, or minerals. The majority (n = 48, 70%) reported either statistically significant or clinically important effect and 31 (51%) reported both. Though most interventions led to statistically significant improvements, trials were heterogeneous for targeted mental disorders, nutrition interventions, and outcomes assessed. Given considerable heterogeneity, further research from robust and clinically relevant trials is required to support high-quality health care with effective nutrition interventions. Novelty Future research on whole-diet interventions powered to detect changes in mental health outcomes as primary objectives is needed. Dietitians may be an opportunity to improve feasibility and efficacy of nutrition interventions for mental disorder patients. Dietitians may be of value to educate mental health practitioners on the importance of nutrition.
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Beukelman, David, Mark Hakel, Susan Koch Fager, Julie Marshall, and Chase Pfeifer. "Prosthodontic Management of Velopharyngeal Dysfunction in Speakers With Neurological Conditions." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 2, no. 5 (2017): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp2.sig5.18.
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The purpose of this article is to describe the use of palatal lift and nasal obturator interventions for children and adults with velopharyngeal dysfunction due to neurological conditions. These intervention procedures are illustrated with brief summaries of an adult and a child with velopharyngeal dysfunction due to traumatic brain injury. The use of 3D printing to produce nasal obturators is introduced.
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KIRWAN, JOHN R., STANTON NEWMAN, PETER S. TUGWELL, et al. "Progress on Incorporating the Patient Perspective in Outcome Assessment in Rheumatology and the Emergence of Life Impact Measures at OMERACT 9." Journal of Rheumatology 36, no. 9 (2009): 2071–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.090360.
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The Patient Perspective Workshop included over 100 researchers and 18 patient participants from 8 countries. Following preconference reading and short plenary presentations, breakout groups considered work undertaken on measurement of sleep, assessing interventions to develop the effective consumer, and assessing psychological and educational interventions. The workshop explored the best way to identify other outcome domains (and instruments) that should be measured in observational or interventional studies with broader intentions than simply altering outcomes captured in the traditional “core set” plus fatigue. Four sleep questionnaires showed promise and will be the subject of further study. The Effective Consumer scale (EC-17) was reviewed and the concept Effective Consumer was well received. Participants thought it worthwhile to measure the skills and attributes of an effective consumer and develop an intervention that would include education in all of the scale’s categories. Assessment of educational and psychological interventions requires a wider set of instruments than is currently used; these should relate to the purpose of the intervention. This principle was extended to include wider measures of the impact of disease on life, as indicated in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Life impact measure sets covering domains appropriate to different rheumatic conditions and focused on different interventions might be defined by future OMERACT consensus. Measurement instruments within these domains that are valid for use in rheumatic conditions can then be identified and, in the case of psychological and educational interventions, chosen to fit with the purpose of the intervention.
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Gleason, Kelly T., Laura N. Gitlin, and Sarah L. Szanton. "The Association of Socioeconomic Conditions and Readiness to Learn New Ways of Performing Daily Activities in Older Adults With Functional Difficulties." Journal of Applied Gerontology 38, no. 6 (2017): 849–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464817721110.
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Behavioral interventions for older adults can reduce difficulties in performing daily activities, hospitalizations, and mortality risk. The success of behavior change interventions, however, can be affected by a participant’s readiness to adopt changes. This study evaluates whether socioeconomic conditions, particularly financial strain affording food, are associated with readiness to change. We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive study of baseline data from disabled older adults ( N = 147) participating in an intervention to reduce physical disability. Readiness to change score was rated at the start of the intervention by interventionists as either pre-action (precontemplation = 1, contemplation = 2, preparation = 3) or action (=4). Participants reporting high financial strain affording food were more likely to have high readiness at the start of intervention; the association of this specific socioeconomic condition with readiness may be an important consideration in implementing interventions to reduce disability.
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Russell, Beth S., Courtney R. Lincoln, and Angela R. Starkweather. "Distress Tolerance Intervention for Improving Self-Management of Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review." Journal of Holistic Nursing 37, no. 1 (2018): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898010118777327.
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Background: The inability to tolerate distress can negatively influence effective self-management (SM) of chronic conditions by interfering with the ability to focus on illness needs and impairing problem-solving and prioritizing capabilities, as well as engagement in SM activities. Interventions to increase distress tolerance offer a holistic approach to chronic disease SM and may enhance the individual’s ability to apply SM skills and resources to improve quality of life and overall health. The purpose of this systematic review was to deepen understanding of the relationships among distress tolerance and goal-oriented problem-solving as an aspect of chronic disease SM. Method: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations were used to develop a search strategy, selection criteria, screening, and identification and extraction procedures. PubMed, CINAHL, PsychInfo, and Scopus were searched from 2006 to December 2017 using the following search terms: distress tolerance, chronic conditions, self-management. Results: Across the 11 studies included in the literature review, there was a high level of heterogeneity in the use of subjective and objective measures to assess distress tolerance, and only one study included instruments to measure goal-oriented problem-solving, the target of distress tolerance interventions that are assumed to influence the selected health outcome. Conclusion: Further research is needed on the efficacy of distress tolerance interventions for improving SM of chronic conditions. Theory-driven interventions that explicate the precise goal-oriented problem-solving and SM behaviors that are expected to change as a result of the distress tolerance intervention will provide insight on the efficacy of the intervention and help close the theory–practice gap.
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Moore, Darren A., Michael Nunns, Liz Shaw, et al. "Interventions to improve the mental health of children and young people with long-term physical conditions: linked evidence syntheses." Health Technology Assessment 23, no. 22 (2019): 1–164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta23220.
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Background Although mental health difficulties can severely complicate the lives of children and young people (CYP) with long-term physical conditions (LTCs), there is a lack of evidence about the effectiveness of interventions to treat them. Objectives To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions aiming to improve the mental health of CYP with LTCs (review 1) and explore the factors that may enhance or limit their delivery (review 2). Data sources For review 1, 13 electronic databases were searched, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Science Citation Index. For review 2, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched. Supplementary searches, author contact and grey literature searches were also conducted. Review methods The first systematic review sought randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and economic evaluations of interventions to improve elevated symptoms of mental ill health in CYP with LTCs. Effect sizes for each outcome were calculated post intervention (Cohen’s d). When appropriate, random-effects meta-analyses produced pooled effect sizes (d). Review 2 located primary qualitative studies exploring experiences of CYP with LTCs, their families and/or practitioners, regarding interventions aiming to improve the mental health and well-being of CYP with LTCs. Synthesis followed the principles of metaethnography. An overarching synthesis integrated the findings from review 1 and review 2 using a deductive approach. End-user involvement, including topic experts and CYP with LTCs and their parents, was a feature throughout the project. Results Review 1 synthesised 25 RCTs evaluating 11 types of intervention, sampling 12 different LTCs. Tentative evidence from seven studies suggests that cognitive–behavioural therapy interventions could improve the mental health of CYP with certain LTCs. Intervention–LTC dyads were diverse, with few opportunities to meta-analyse. No economic evaluations were located. Review 2 synthesised 57 studies evaluating 21 types of intervention. Most studies were of individuals with cancer, a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or mixed LTCs. Interventions often aimed to improve broader mental health and well-being, rather than symptoms of mental health disorder. The metaethnography identified five main constructs, described in an explanatory line of argument model of the experience of interventions. Nine overarching synthesis categories emerged from the integrated evidence, raising implications for future research. Limitations Review 1 conclusions were limited by the lack of evidence about intervention effectiveness. No relevant economic evaluations were located. There were no UK studies included in review 1, limiting the applicability of findings. The mental health status of participants in review 2 was usually unknown, limiting comparability with review 1. The different evidence identified by the two systematic reviews challenged the overarching synthesis. Conclusions There is a relatively small amount of comparable evidence for the effectiveness of interventions for the mental health of CYP with LTCs. Qualitative evidence provided insight into the experiences that intervention deliverers and recipients valued. Future research should evaluate potentially effective intervention components in high-quality RCTs integrating process evaluations. End-user involvement enriched the project. Study registration This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42011001716. Funding The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and the NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South West Peninsula.
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Bakanauskienė, Irena, and Laura Baronienė. "Theoretical Background for the Decision-Making Process Modelling under Controlled Intervention Conditions." Management of Organizations: Systematic Research 78, no. 1 (2017): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mosr-2017-0012.
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AbstractThis article is intended to theoretically justify the decision-making process model for the cases, when active participation of investing entities in controlling the activities of an organisation and their results is noticeable. Based on scientific literature analysis, a concept of controlled conditions is formulated, and using a rational approach to the decision-making process, a model of the 11-steps decision-making process under controlled intervention is presented. Also, there have been unified conditions, describing the case of controlled interventions thus providing preconditions to ensure the adequacy of the proposed decision-making process model.
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Miller, Jessica J., Bunny J. Pozehl, Windy Alonso, Myra Schmaderer, and Christine Eisenhauer. "Intervention Components Targeting Self-Management in Individuals with Multiple Chronic Conditions: An Integrative Review." Western Journal of Nursing Research 42, no. 11 (2020): 948–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945920902146.
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Multiple chronic conditions (MCC) are becoming increasingly common and self-management (SM) interventions to address MCC are emerging. Prior reviews have broadly examined SM interventions in MCC; however, interventional components were not thoroughly described. Components of SM interventions that have been delivered to individuals with MCC were identified. A review of CINAHL, Cochrane, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Embase was completed. This search yielded 13,994 potential studies; 31 studies among those 13,994 studies met inclusion for analysis. The literature is multidisciplinary and describes a wide variety of interventional strategies implementing various combinations of components. A descriptive analysis of the studies’ components, application of the components, delivery methods, and primary outcomes demonstrated clear variations between programs. The most common components noted in the 31 studies were education, action planning/goal setting, self-monitoring, and social/peer support. The variation in SM programs limits conclusive evidence for which components are recommended to improve self-management in individuals with MCC.
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Munce, Sarah Elizabeth Patricia, John Shepherd, Laure Perrier, et al. "Online peer support interventions for chronic conditions: a scoping review protocol." BMJ Open 7, no. 9 (2017): e017999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017999.
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IntroductionPeer support is receiving increasing attention as both an effective and cost-effective intervention method to support the self-management of chronic health conditions. Given that an increasing proportion of Canadians have internet access and the increasing implementation of web-based interventions, online peer support interventions are a promising option to address the burden of chronic diseases. Thus, the specific research question of this scoping review is the following:What is known from the existing literature about the key characteristics of online peer support interventions for adults with chronic conditions?Methods and analysisWe will use the methodological frameworks used by Arksey and O’Malley as well as Levac and colleagues for the current scoping review. To be eligible for inclusion, studies must report on adults (≥18 years of age) with one of the Public Health Agency of Canada chronic conditions or HIV/AIDS. We will limit our review to peer support interventions delivered through online formats. All study designs will be included. Only studies published from 2012 onwards will be included to ensure relevance to the current healthcare context and feasibility. Furthermore, only English language studies will be included. Studies will be identified by searching a variety of databases. Two reviewers will independently screen the titles and abstracts identified by the literature search for inclusion (ie, level 1 screening), the full text articles (ie, level 2 screening) and then perform data abstraction. Abstracted data will include study characteristics, participant population, key characteristics of the intervention and outcomes collected.DisseminationThis review will identify the key features of online peer support interventions and could assist in the future development of other online peer support programmes so that effective and sustainable programmes can be developed.
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Xie, Li Feng, Alexandra Itzkovitz, Amelie Roy-Fleming, Deborah Da Costa, and Anne-Sophie Brazeau. "Understanding Self-Guided Web-Based Educational Interventions for Patients With Chronic Health Conditions: Systematic Review of Intervention Features and Adherence." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 8 (2020): e18355. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18355.
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Background Chronic diseases contribute to 71% of deaths worldwide every year, and an estimated 15 million people between the ages of 30 and 69 years die mainly because of cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, or diabetes. Web-based educational interventions may facilitate disease management. These are also considered to be a flexible and low-cost method to deliver tailored information to patients. Previous studies concluded that the implementation of different features and the degree of adherence to the intervention are key factors in determining the success of the intervention. However, limited research has been conducted to understand the acceptability of specific features and user adherence to self-guided web interventions. Objective This systematic review aims to understand how web-based intervention features are evaluated, to investigate their acceptability, and to describe how adherence to web-based self-guided interventions is defined and measured. Methods Studies published on self-guided web-based educational interventions for people (≥14 years old) with chronic health conditions published between January 2005 and June 2020 were reviewed following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) Statement protocol. The search was performed using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE (Excerpta Medica dataBASE) databases; the reference lists of the selected articles were also reviewed. The comparison of the interventions and analysis of the features were based on the published content from the selected articles. Results A total of 20 studies were included. Seven principal features were identified, with goal setting, self-monitoring, and feedback being the most frequently used. The acceptability of the features was measured based on the comments collected from users, their association with clinical outcomes, or device adherence. The use of quizzes was positively reported by participants. Self-monitoring, goal setting, feedback, and discussion forums yielded mixed results. The negative acceptability was related to the choice of the discussion topic, lack of face-to-face contact, and technical issues. This review shows that the evaluation of adherence to educational interventions was inconsistent among the studies, limiting comparisons. A clear definition of adherence to an intervention is lacking. Conclusions Although limited information was available, it appears that features related to interaction and personalization are important for improving clinical outcomes and users’ experience. When designing web-based interventions, the selection of features should be based on the targeted population’s needs, the balance between positive and negative impacts of having human involvement in the intervention, and the reduction of technical barriers. There is a lack of consensus on the method of evaluating adherence to an intervention. Both investigations of the acceptability features and adherence should be considered when designing and evaluating web-based interventions. A proof-of-concept or pilot study would be useful for establishing the required level of engagement needed to define adherence.
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Briguglio, Marie. "HOUSEHOLD COOPERATION IN WASTE MANAGEMENT: INITIAL CONDITIONS AND INTERVENTION." Journal of Economic Surveys 30, no. 3 (2016): 497–525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joes.12156.
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Regan, Patrick M. "Conditions of Successful Third-Party Intervention in Intrastate Conflicts." Journal of Conflict Resolution 40, no. 2 (1996): 336–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002796040002006.
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Hanzaker, Christopher, Jennifer Maguire, Celeste Mayer, Renae Stafford, and Lydia Chang. "Comorbid Conditions in Patients Requiring Medical Emergency Team Intervention." Chest 142, no. 4 (2012): 282A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.1389997.
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Kubsch, Sylvia M. "Conflict, enactment, empowerment: conditions of independent therapeutic nursing intervention." Journal of Advanced Nursing 23, no. 1 (1996): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1996.tb03152.x.
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Sidani, Souraya, Mary Fox, and Maher M. El-Masri. "Guidance for the Reporting of an Intervention's Theory." Research and Theory for Nursing Practice 34, no. 1 (2020): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1541-6577.34.1.35.
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BackgroundInterventions in clinical trials should be clearly and completely described to inform their evaluation in replication studies and implementation in clinical practice. Guidelines were developed to standardize the reporting of interventions, but failed to provide guidance on reporting of the theory of interventions. Further, space constraints imposed by many research journals often limit the comprehensive description of both the theoretical and operational aspects of interventions.PurposeTo address these gaps, we propose that the theory of interventions be published in separate conceptual papers that would provide an in-depth description of the health problem targeted by an intervention, the components comprising an intervention, the causal mechanism responsible for an intervention's impact on the outcomes, and the conditions necessary for the proper implementation and the effectiveness of an intervention.ImplicationsSuch papers would assist in the critical appraisal of the adequacy, implementation, and evaluation of interventions. A description of the theory of interventions clarifies to health professionals what the interventions are about, who is likely to benefit from the interventions, how the interventions work and under what context.
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Gross, Benedict, Leonie Rusin, Jan Kiesewetter, et al. "Crew resource management training in healthcare: a systematic review of intervention design, training conditions and evaluation." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (2019): e025247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025247.
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ObjectivesCrew resource management (CRM) training formats have become a popular method to increase patient safety by consideration of the role that human factors play in healthcare delivery. The purposes of this review were to identify what is subsumed under the label of CRM in a healthcare context and to determine how such training is delivered and evaluated.DesignSystematic review of published literature.Data sourcesPubMed, PsycINFO and ERIC were searched through 8 October 2018.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesIndividually constructed interventions for healthcare staff that were labelled as CRM training, or described as based on CRM principles or on aviation-derived human factors training. Only studies reporting both an intervention and results were included.Data extraction and synthesisThe studies were examined and coded for relevant passages. Characteristics regarding intervention design, training conditions and evaluation methods were analysed and summarised both qualitatively and quantitatively.ResultsSixty-one interventions were included. 48% did not explain any keyword of their CRM intervention to a reproducible detail. Operating room teams and surgery, emergency medicine, intensive care unit staff and anaesthesiology came in contact most with a majority of the CRM interventions delivered in a 1-day or half-day format. Trainer qualification is reported seldomly. Evaluation methods and levels display strong variation.ConclusionsCritical topics were identified for the CRM training community and include the following: the need to agree on common terms and definitions for CRM in healthcare, standards of good practice for reporting CRM interventions and their effects, as well as the need for more research to establish non-educational criteria for success in the implementation of CRM in healthcare organisations.
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Punna, Mari, Tarja Kettunen, Anne-Marie Bagnall, and Kirsti Kasila. "Implementation and Outcomes of Lay Health Worker–Led Self-Management Interventions for Long-Term Conditions and Prevention: A Systematic Review." Health Education & Behavior 46, no. 6 (2019): 1045–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198119863842.
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The aim of this study was to systematically review lay health worker (LHW)–led self-management interventions for adults with long-term conditions to see how the interventions have been implemented and to compose a synthesis of research findings, taking into consideration the intervention components that have been applied. We conducted systematic searches for articles published between January 2010 and December 2015 in five databases: Cochrane, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Forty original studies were found that met the inclusion criteria: self-management with diabetes ( n = 29), cardiovascular diseases ( n = 8), and those at risk of cardiovascular diseases ( n = 3). These consisted of 22 randomized controlled trials and 18 other trials, with durations of 1 day to 24 months. The findings showed that the training of LHWs and the implementation of interventions varied widely. A synthesis of the implementation methods covers the background of the LHWs and the interventions as well as the components applied in each. Eight interventions had effects on physical activity and eight on nutrition behavior. The review also includes preliminary findings on intervention components effective in improving physical activity and nutrition behavior, including self-monitoring as a behavior change technique and group meetings as an intervention format. The same components and behavior change techniques were applied in effective and noneffective interventions. The review found that LHW-led interventions have potential in promoting self-management in long-term condition. In the future, a qualified and evidence-based structure for LHW-led interventions is suggested in order to improve the systematization of interventions and their effects.
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Bosma, A. R., C. R. L. Boot, F. G. Schaafsma, G. Kok, and J. R. Anema. "Development of an Intervention to Create a Supportive Work Environment for Employees with Chronic Conditions: An Intervention Mapping Approach." Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 30, no. 4 (2020): 624–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10926-020-09885-z.
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AbstractPurpose This study describes the development of an evidence-based intervention to create a supportive work environment for employees with chronic conditions. Occupational physicians (OPs) play an important role in guiding organizations in this process of organizational change. Supportive work environments can aid in preventing work-related problems and facilitate sustainable employment. Current workplace interventions for employees with chronic conditions are mainly focused on return to work or a reduction in sick leave at the individual worker’s level. This study contributes to the literature an organizational-level intervention which utilizes a preventive approach. Methods Intervention mapping (IM) is a six-step, structured protocol that was used to develop this intervention. In step 1, a needs assessment was conducted to define the problem and explore the perspectives of all stakeholders involved. The program outcomes and the performance objectives of employees with chronic conditions and occupational physicians were specified in step 2. In step 3, appropriate methods and practical applications were chosen. Step 4 describes the actual development of the intervention, consisting of (1) a training for occupational physicians to teach them how to guide organizations in creating a supportive work environment; (2) a practical assignment; and (3) a follow-up meeting. The intervention will be implemented in a pilot study in which occupational physicians will put their acquired knowledge and skills into practice within one of their organizations, which is delineated in step 5. Conclusions IM proved to be a valuable and practical tool for the development of this intervention, aiming to facilitate sustainable employment for employees with chronic conditions.
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Lemos, Marina Serra, Inês Areal Rothes, Filipa Oliveira, and Luisa Soares. "Raising cervical cancer awareness: Analysing the incremental efficacy of Short Message Service." Health Education Journal 76, no. 8 (2017): 956–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896917728306.
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Objective: To evaluate the incremental efficacy of a Short Message Service (SMS) combined with a brief video intervention in increasing the effects of a health education intervention for cervical cancer prevention, over and beyond a video-alone intervention, with respect to key determinants of health behaviour change – knowledge, motivation and intention. Methodology: Quasi-experimental study design, comparing three conditions – control group, video intervention group and SMS + video intervention group. Participants were 144 Portuguese female college students allocated into one of the three experimental conditions. The effects of the health education interventions were assessed using a theoretically based multidimensional cancer prevention questionnaire. Data were collected at baseline and post-test. Results: Interventions significantly increased the key predictors of adhesion to cancer preventive behaviours. SMS contributed to increases in the expected directions. Evidence of the superiority in efficacy of the combined intervention (SMS + video) over the video-alone intervention was found for cervical cancer screening. Interventions were not as effective in improving intentions and more complex preventive practices such as sexual behaviour as they were in improving knowledge. Conclusion: Results are encouraging in that cervical cancer prevention knowledge and motivation appear modifiable via a one-session video preventive intervention. If, however, the development of intentions is an important predictor of effective behaviour change, study findings point to the added importance of an SMS-based strategy for improving specific cancer preventive behaviours. Findings reinforce the need for specific and tailored health education interventions according to the various determinants of behaviour change, as well as to the particular target behaviour with respect to cervical cancer prevention.
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Ali, Saba Rasheed, Aurora Pham, Yunkyoung Loh Garrison, and Samantha D. Brown. "Project HOPE: Sociopolitical Development and SCCT Beliefs of Latinx and White Rural Middle School Students." Journal of Career Development 46, no. 4 (2019): 410–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894845319832973.
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This quasi-experimental investigation tested whether adding a sociopolitical development (SPD) component to a social cognitive career theory–based (SCCT) career intervention program, Project health-care opportunities, preparation, and exploration (HOPE), was more effective than an SCCT-only intervention among a group of eighth-grade students ( n = 94). Results of the study indicated both intervention conditions were associated with increases in health-care career (HC) and math/science (MS) interests among the participants. Results also demonstrated that gains in HC interests (HCIs) were associated with intervention conditions: students in the SCCT + SPD condition only reported statistically significant gains in HCIs. The study found no statistically significant interaction effects between ethnicity and condition on any of the outcome variables. Results suggest limited support for the effectiveness of SPD-infused SCCT interventions and that more research is needed to better understand how rural students can benefit from SCCT/SPD-based career interventions.
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Gesell, Sabina B., Kayla de la Haye, Evan C. Sommer, Santiago J. Saldana, Shari L. Barkin, and Edward H. Ip. "Identifying Social Network Conditions that Facilitate Sedentary Behavior Change: The Benefit of Being a “Bridge” in a Group-based Intervention." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (2020): 4197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124197.
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Using data from one of the first trials to try to leverage social networks as a mechanism for obesity intervention, we examined which social network conditions amplified behavior change. Data were collected as part of a community-based healthy lifestyle intervention in Nashville, USA, between June 2014 and July 2017. Adults randomized to the intervention arm were assigned to a small group of 10 participants that met in person for 12 weekly sessions. Intervention small group social networks were measured three times; sedentary behavior was measured by accelerometry at baseline and 12 months. Multivariate hidden Markov models classified people into distinct social network trajectories over time, based on the structure of the emergent network and where the individual was embedded. A multilevel regression analysis assessed the relationship between network trajectory and sedentary behavior (N = 261). Being a person that connected clusters of intervention participants at any point during the intervention predicted an average reduction of 31.3 min/day of sedentary behavior at 12 months, versus being isolated [95% CI: (−61.4, −1.07), p = 0.04]. Certain social network conditions may make it easier to reduce adult sedentary behavior in group-based interventions. While further research will be necessary to establish causality, the implications for intervention design are discussed.
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McMahon, Siobhan K., Beth Lewis, J. Michael Oakes, Jean F. Wyman, Weihua Guan, and Alexander J. Rothman. "Examining Potential Psychosocial Mediators in a Physical Activity Intervention for Older Adults." Western Journal of Nursing Research 42, no. 8 (2019): 581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945919871697.
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The purpose of this study was to examine psychosocial constructs targeted as potential mediators in a prior physical activity (PA) intervention study. This secondary analysis used data from 102 older adults randomized to one of four conditions—within a 2 (Interpersonal Strategies: yes, no) x 2 (Intrapersonal Strategies: yes, no) factorial design. We tested intervention effects on social support, self-efficacy, self-regulation, and goal attainment, and whether these constructs mediated intervention effects on PA. Participants who received interventions with interpersonal strategies, compared to those who did not, increased their readiness (post-intervention), the self-regulation subscale of self-assessment, and goal attainment (post-intervention, 6-months). Participants who received interventions with intrapersonal strategies, compared to those who did not, increased their social support from family (post-intervention). There was no statistically significant mediation. To understand mechanisms through which interventions increase older adults’ PA and to improve intervention effectiveness, researchers should continue to examine potential psychosocial mediators. Clinical Trial Registry: NCT02433249.
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Wilcox, M. Jeanne, Theresa A. Kouri, and Susan B. Caswell. "Early Language Intervention." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 1, no. 1 (1991): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0101.49.
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This investigation focused on the effectiveness of classroom versus individual interventions in promoting initial lexical acquisition for young preschool children with language delays. Twenty children aged 20–47 months were randomly assigned to individual and classroom-based early intervention programs. Progress was measured in terms of children’s spontaneous and productive use of the target items in treatment and home-based generalization settings at mid- and posttreatment measurement points. Results indicated that use of target words as measured by treatment data was equal for children in the two intervention conditions. Differences were apparent when home generalization data were considered. Children in the classroom intervention condition demonstrated a greater degree of productive use of target words in the home generalization measures than did children in the individual intervention condition. The children also demonstrated differences in use of target words in treatment versus home settings. A fair amount of individual variation was apparent in lexical learning in each of the treatment conditions, and pretreatment cognitive aptitude was found to play a role in this variation for children in the classroom intervention condition. It was concluded that, with respect to initial lexical training, classroom-based intervention is associated with superior generalization of lexical targets to the home environment. Additionally, given differences in children’s target word use in different settings, it was concluded that treatment progress data in isolation are not likely to provide complete information regarding children’s lexical learning.
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Zadro, Joshua R., Mary O’Keeffe, Jodie L. Allison, Kirsty A. Lembke, Joanna L. Forbes, and Christopher G. Maher. "Effectiveness of Implementation Strategies to Improve Adherence of Physical Therapist Treatment Choices to Clinical Practice Guidelines for Musculoskeletal Conditions: Systematic Review." Physical Therapy 100, no. 9 (2020): 1516–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzaa101.
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Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of implementation strategies aimed at improving the adherence of physical therapists’ treatment choices to clinical practice guidelines for a range of musculoskeletal conditions. Methods For this review, searches were performed in several databases combining terms synonymous with “practice patterns” and “physical therapy” until August 2019. The review included randomized controlled trials that investigated any intervention to improve the adherence of physical therapists’ treatment choices to clinical practice guidelines or research evidence. Treatment choices assessed by surveys, audits of clinical notes, and treatment recording forms were the primary measures of adherence. Self-reported guideline adherence was the secondary measure. Three reviewers independently assessed risk of bias. Because of heterogeneity across studies, only a narrative synthesis of the results was performed. Results Nine studies were included. Four demonstrated a positive effect on at least 1 measure of treatment choices for low back pain and acute whiplash. One involved a comparison with no intervention, and 3 involved a comparison with another active intervention. The interventions that demonstrated a positive effect included dissemination of clinical practice guidelines, with additional elements including interactive educational meetings (3 studies), tailored interventions and monitoring of the performance of health care delivery (1 study), peer assessment (1 study), and local opinion leaders plus educational outreach visits (1 study). Conclusions Although this review revealed limited trials evaluating interventions to increase physical therapists’ use of evidence-based treatments for musculoskeletal conditions compared with no intervention, it highlighted some interventions that may be effective. Impact Dissemination of clinical practice guidelines, interactive educational meetings, tailored interventions and monitoring the performance of health care delivery, peer assessment, and use of local opinion leaders plus educational outreach visits should be implemented to improve physical therapists’ adherence to clinical practice guidelines for a range of musculoskeletal conditions.
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Pineda, Roberta, Jessica Roussin, Elizabeth Heiny, and Joan Smith. "Health Care Professionals' Perceptions about Sensory-Based Interventions in the NICU." American Journal of Perinatology 36, no. 12 (2018): 1229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676536.
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Objective The main objective of this article is to define perceptions of health care professionals regarding current use of sensory-based interventions in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Study Design A multidisciplinary group of NICU health care professionals (n = 108) defined the types of sensory-based interventions used in their NICU, the postmenstrual age (PMA) sensory-based interventions are administered, conditions under which sensory-based interventions are used, and personnel who administer sensory-based interventions. Results The most commonly reported tactile intervention was infant holding (88% of respondents), the most common auditory intervention was recorded music/singing (69% of respondents), the most common kinesthetic intervention was occupational and physical therapy (85% of respondents), and the most common vestibular intervention was infant swings (86% of respondents). Tactile interventions were initiated most often at 24 to 26 weeks PMA (74% of respondents), auditory interventions at 30 to 32 weeks (60% of respondents), kinesthetic interventions at 30 to 32 weeks (76% of respondents), vestibular interventions at 33 to 34 weeks (86% of respondents), and visual interventions at 32 to 36 weeks (72% of respondents). Conditions under which sensory-based interventions were administered, and personnel who provided them, varied across settings. Conclusion Varied use of sensory-based interventions in the NICU were reported. While this study was limited by biased sampling and the identification of health care professionals' perceptions but not real-world practice, this information can be used to build a comprehensive approach to positive sensory exposures in the NICU.
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Baron-Cohen, Simon, Ofer Golan, and Emma Ashwin. "Can emotion recognition be taught to children with autism spectrum conditions?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1535 (2009): 3567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0191.
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Children with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have major difficulties in recognizing and responding to emotional and mental states in others' facial expressions. Such difficulties in empathy underlie their social-communication difficulties that form a core of the diagnosis. In this paper we ask whether aspects of empathy can be taught to young children with ASC. We review a study that evaluated The Transporters , an animated series designed to enhance emotion comprehension in children with ASC. Children with ASC (4–7 years old) watched The Transporters every day for four weeks. Participants were tested before and after intervention on emotional vocabulary and emotion recognition at three levels of generalization. The intervention group improved significantly more than a clinical control group on all task levels, performing comparably to typical controls at time 2. The discussion centres on how vehicles as mechanical systems may be one key reason why The Transporters caused the improved understanding and recognition of emotions in children with ASC. The implications for the design of autism-friendly interventions are also explored.
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Zadro, Joshua R., Sonia Cheng, Mary O’Keeffe, and Christopher G. Maher. "What Interventions Do Physical Therapists Provide for Patients With Cardiorespiratory Conditions, Neurological Conditions, and Conditions Requiring Acute Hospital Care? A Systematic Review." Physical Therapy 100, no. 7 (2020): 1180–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzaa064.
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Abstract Objective The aim of this systematic review was to determine what percentages of physical therapists provide interventions that are of high value, low value, or unknown value for cardiorespiratory conditions, neurological conditions, or conditions requiring acute hospital care. Whether an intervention was considered high or low value was determined by reference to guidelines or systematic reviews. Methods Searches of numerous databases were performed by combining terms synonymous with “practice patterns” and “physical therapy” until April 2018. Studies that investigated what interventions physical therapists provide for any cardiorespiratory condition, neurological condition, or condition requiring acute hospital care through surveys and audits of clinical notes were included. Through the use of medians and interquartile ranges, the percentages of physical therapists who provided interventions that were of high value, low value, or unknown value were summarized. Results Twenty-six studies were included. The median percentages of physical therapists who provided interventions of high, low, and unknown value for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ranged from 78% to 96%, 67% to 100%, and 56% to 91%, respectively. These percentages ranged from 61% to 97%, 87% to 98%, and 83% to 98% for adults who were critically ill in intensive care units; 70% to 93%, 38% to 50%, and 8% to 95% before or after cardiac/thoracic surgery; 25% to 96%, 23% to 84%, and 96% for acute stroke; and 11% (high value) and 13% (unknown value) for Parkinson disease, respectively. Conclusions This review found patterns of physical therapist practice for cardiorespiratory conditions, neurological conditions, and conditions requiring acute hospital care that were both evidence based and not evidence based. A concern is that a substantial percentage of physical therapists provided interventions that were of low or unknown value despite the availability of high-value interventions. Impact This systematic review is the first, to our knowledge, to summarize the percentage of physical therapist treatment choices that were high versus low value for cardiorespiratory conditions, neurological conditions, and conditions requiring acute hospital care. The findings highlight areas of practice where low-value care could be replaced with high-value care—such as in the management of patients who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or who are in intensive care—and identify an urgent need to develop and test strategies to ensure that patients with these conditions receive the interventions most likely to improve their outcomes.
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Cho, Ooksang. "Impact of Physical Education on Changes in Students’ Emotional Competence: A Meta-analysis." International Journal of Sports Medicine 41, no. 14 (2020): 985–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1192-5812.
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AbstractThe theoretical background related to how physical activity positively influences children and adolescents’ brain function for social and emotional competency has been stably structured. However, according to our review of the literature, no study has synthetically analyzed physical education interventions that produce positive outcomes related to learners’ emotional status. Therefore, the aim of the study was to systematically analyze the effectiveness of physical education interventions designed to improve students’ emotional ability. In October 2017, we searched electronic research databases for intervention studies that analyzed the impact of school physical education on students’ emotional changes. We assessed the risk of bias, extracted data, and conducted meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of physical education intervention. From an initial pool of 1200 non-duplicate records, 12 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The effectiveness of school-based physical education was analyzed by calculating standard mean difference. Based on the results of the meta-analysis, students in intervention conditions changed their psychological conditions compared with students in usual practice conditions (standardized mean difference=0.30, 95% confidence interval=− 0.05−0.66). Physical and sport education for children and adolescents has positively influenced changes in their emotional conditions.
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Fitzpatrick, Claire, Clare Gillies, Samuel Seidu, et al. "Effect of pragmatic versus explanatory interventions on medication adherence in people with cardiometabolic conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis." BMJ Open 10, no. 7 (2020): e036575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036575.
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ObjectiveTo synthesise findings from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions aimed at increasing medication adherence in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD). And, in a novel approach, to compare the intervention effect of studies which were categorised as being more pragmatic or more explanatory using the Pragmatic-Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary-2 (PRECIS-2) tool, to identify whether study design affects outcomes. As explanatory trials are typically held under controlled conditions, findings from such trials may not be relatable to real-world clinical practice. In comparison, pragmatic trials are designed to replicate real-world conditions and therefore findings are more likely to represent those found if the intervention were to be implemented in routine care.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesOvid Medline, Ovid Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2018.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRCTs lasting ≥3 months (90 days), involving ≥200 patients in the analysis, with either established CVD and/or T2DM and which measured medication adherence. From 4403 citations, 103 proceeded to full text review. Studies published in any language other than English and conference abstracts were excluded.Main outcome measureChange in medication adherence.ResultsOf 4403 records identified, 34 studies were considered eligible, of which 28, including 30 861 participants, contained comparable outcome data for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Overall interventions were associated with an increase in medication adherence (OR 1.57 (95% CI: 1.33 to 1.84), p<0.001; standardised mean difference 0.24 (95% CI: −0.10 to 0.59) p=0.101). The effectiveness of interventions did not differ significantly between studies considered pragmatic versus explanatory (p=0.598), but did differ by intervention type, with studies that included a multifaceted rather than a single-faceted intervention having a more significant effect (p=0.010). The analysis used random effect models and used the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool to assess study quality.ConclusionsIn this meta-analysis, interventions were associated with a significant increase in medication adherence. Overall multifaceted interventions which included an element of education alongside regular patient contact or follow-up showed the most promise. Effectiveness of interventions between pragmatic and explanatory trials was comparable, suggesting that findings can be transferred from idealised to real-word conditions.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017059460.
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Di Tecco, Cristina, Karina Nielsen, Monica Ghelli, et al. "Improving Working Conditions and Job Satisfaction in Healthcare: A Study Concept Design on a Participatory Organizational Level Intervention in Psychosocial Risks Management." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (2020): 3677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103677.
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This paper contributes to the literature on organizational interventions on occupational health by presenting a concept study design to test the efficacy of a Participatory Organizational-level Intervention to improve working conditions and job satisfaction in Healthcare. The Participatory Organizational-level Intervention is developed using the Italian methodology to assess and manage psychosocial risks tailored to Healthcare. We added an additional step: evaluation, aiming to examine how the intervention works, what worked for whom and in which circumstances. This ongoing study is conducted in collaboration with two large Italian hospitals (more than 7000 employees). The study design comprises a quasi-experimental approach consisting of five phases and surveys distributed pre- and post-intervention aiming to capture improvements in working conditions and job satisfaction. Moreover, to evaluate the efficacy of the Intervention in terms of process and content, we use a realist evaluation to test Context-Mechanisms-Outcome (CMO) configurations. We collect contextual factors at baseline and during and post-intervention process data on the key principles of line manager support and employees participation. This study is expected to provide insights on methods and strategies to improve working conditions and employees’ job satisfaction and on national policies in the occupational health framework.
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Grill, Eva, Erika O. Huber, Thomas Gloor-Juzi, and Gerold Stucki. "Intervention Goals Determine Physical Therapists' Workload in the Acute Care Setting." Physical Therapy 90, no. 10 (2010): 1468–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20090390.
Full textAbstract:
Background Investigating determinants of physical therapy workload in the acute care setting is essential for planning interventions, for justifying resource allocation, and for reimbursement. Objective The objective of this study was to examine whether International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) intervention goals (ICF categories representing goals of physical therapy interventions typical for an acute care hospital) could predict physical therapy workload in the acute care hospital setting. Design This investigation was a multicenter, observational cohort study. Methods Patients were recruited from a representative sample of 32 acute care hospitals across Switzerland if they received physical therapy during their inpatient stay for the treatment of any injury or disease in 1 of 3 main diagnostic categories: musculoskeletal, neurological, and cardiopulmonary conditions. Physical therapists completed questionnaires at the time of the patients' discharge to report on ICF intervention goals. Information on workload was collected retrospectively from hospital documentation systems. Multivariable regression models were used to identify the intervention goals independently associated with workload. Results The mean workload for 642 patients (mean age=61 years [SD=18 years], 45% women) was 370 minutes. The daily workload for interventions ranged from 33 minutes (cardiopulmonary conditions) to 49 minutes (neurological conditions). There were significant variations in workload across hospital sites and medical disciplines. The goal “maintaining a body position” emerged as a significant indicator of a higher workload for all condition groups; the goals “attention functions” and “transferring oneself” were indicators for neurological and musculoskeletal conditions, respectively. Limitations Not all potential predictors of workload could be examined. Other, person- or setting-specific variables might have been relevant to workload. Case mix and clinical practice were representative only for Swiss hospitals. Conclusions A small set of intervention goals were the major factors influencing physical therapy workload, independent of diagnosis or clinical specialty. Describing variability in physical therapists' practices in the acute care setting and relating these data to relevant patient-centered outcomes are the initial steps for improving resource allocation and reimbursement for interventions that maintain or improve functioning.