Academic literature on the topic 'Intra-group set off rule'
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Journal articles on the topic "Intra-group set off rule"
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Chen, Ta Cheng, Yuan Yong Hsu, An Chen Lee, and Shiang Yu Wang. "GA Based Hybrid Fuzzy Rule Optimization Approach for Elevator Group Control System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 2380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.2380.
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Elevators are the essential transportation tools in high buildings so that Elevator Group Control System (EGCS) is developed to dynamically layout the schedule of elevators in a group. In this study, a fuzzy rules based intelligent elevator group control system has been proposed in which the structure of rules including the related parameters are generated optimally based on the traffic data so as to maximize service quality. In literature, the fuzzy related approaches have been applied in EGCS but the fuzzy rules were all pre-defined. However, how to create the most suitable fuzzy rule set in EGCS for dispatching elevators more efficiently and economically are never discussed in literature. The aim of the proposed approach is to minimize the average waiting time at peak hours as well as to minimize the power energy at off-peak hours by using the proposed fuzzy rule based ECGS. Moreover, there are many decision variables are considered in the GCGS to provide the most appropriate elevator assignment whenever any hall call is given. These variables include the number of elevators, traffic flow, direction, passenger preferences (for instance, department stores, hospitals, hotels, and office buildings), congestion and VIP priority floor, etc. In this study, a fuzzy rule based elevator-dispatching approach has been proposed for the EGCS in which the fuzzy rules and related parameters are derived optimally by using genetic algorithm based on the historical elevator transportation data. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed approach is superior to these of traditional approaches in literatures.
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Mazur, Kevin. "State Networks and Intra-Ethnic Group Variation in the 2011 Syrian Uprising." Comparative Political Studies 52, no. 7 (2018): 995–1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414018806536.
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The 2011 Syrian uprising looks, from afar, like a paradigmatic example of ethnically exclusive rule giving way to civil war. The ruling regime is drawn almost exclusively from the Alawi minority, and the challengers were drawn heavily from the Sunni majority. But many Sunnis remained quiescent or actively supported the regime. This article argues that variation in revolutionary participation among members of an excluded ethnic group is best explained in terms of the networks states construct across ethnic boundaries. It identifies several forms of linkage that regimes can develop with their subject populations and relates them to variations in local social structure. Drawing on an original data set of ethnic identity and challenge events in the Syrian uprising, the article quantitatively tests the state networks hypothesis. Its findings suggest that the mechanisms commonly associated with ethnic identity and “ethnic exclusion” frequently operate upon social boundaries below the ethnic group level.
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Schwemer, Daniel. "Witchcraft and war: The ritual fragment Ki 1904-10-9, 18 (BM 98989)." Iraq 69 (2007): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900001030.
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War, and imminent battle in particular, put any Babylonian or Assyrian king, whose rule and security very much depended on successful campaigns, in a precarious situation. While careful military planning certainly helped to defeat one's enemies, victory in the end was determined by the gods. Before entering battle, oracles were consulted to make certain that the king's decisions had the gods' favour, and a number of other rituals could be performed to ensure that the gods supported the king's cause. These rituals — dubbed “war rituals” by modern scholarship — are not very well known, and the texts attributed to this group are a rather mixed set of royal rituals related to the king's campaign and to potential aggression by enemies. They include traditional Babylonian rituals to be performed before setting off on a military campaign or immediately before a major battle, as well as specifically Assyrian rituals for the same purpose. It is not suprising that two of these texts include the performance of divination rituals, while others focus on the binding of substitute figurines representing the enemies and also use figurines representing the king himself. In line with the general ideology of war, the rubrics of the rituals clearly indicate that the reason for the king's military action is the enemy's aggression against his land, and that the king himself only acts in defence of his own land's borders. It seems that all these texts, apart from the Assyrian rituals in the narrow sense, were assembled in a “series ‘battle’” (iškar tāḫāzi) that is mentioned in the famous letter of an Assyrian king demanding the collection of various scholarly texts from the Ezida and scholars' houses in Borsippa. The same text refers to rituals (or a ritual) “So that in Battle Arrows do not Come Near a Man” that are also known from the catalogue of exorcistic texts (KAR 44 //). Apparently they were not thought to be part of the iškar tāḫāzi; but in the letter the two text groups are named together within a longer list and they were certainly closely associated with each other. Special namburbi rituals could be performed on campaign to avert evil indicated by accidents of the king's chariot, but there is no reason to assume that they belonged to the iškar tāḫāzi too. Other namburbi rituals were used to protect the land's borders when an earthquake had signalled an imminent invasion of the enemy.
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Moga, Tudor Voicu, Ioan Sporea, Raluca Lupușoru, et al. "Performance of a Noninvasive Time-Harmonic Elastography Technique for Liver Fibrosis Evaluation Using Vibration Controlled Transient Elastography as Reference Method." Diagnostics 10, no. 9 (2020): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10090653.
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Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnosis performance of time-harmonic elastography (THE) technique in real life in assessing liver fibrosis, considering vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) as a reference method. Material and Method: We prospectively evaluated outpatients from the gastroenterology department. Liver stiffness (LS) was measured by the THE system by dedicated operators, and by VCTE by experienced operators. The diagnostic accuracy of THE in staging liver fibrosis was assessed. We also performed an intra- and interobserver reproducibility sub-analysis on a sub-group of 27 subjects, where liver stiffness measurements (LSM) were performed by a novice, an elastography expert, and an ultrasound expert. Results: Of the 165 patients, using VCTE cut-off values, 49.6% were F0-F1, 15.7% were F2, 6.6% were F3, and 28.1% were F4. A direct, significant and strong correlation (r = 0.82) was observed between LSM assessed by VCTE and THE, p < 0.0001. The cut-off for ruling out liver cirrhosis (LC) by THE on our study group was <1.61 m/s (7.77 kPa)–AUROC = 0.90 [95% CI (0.82–0.93)], Se = 90.7%, Sp = 66.6%, PPV = 55.7%, NPV = 93.9%. The cut-off for ruling in LC by THE was >1.83 m/s (10 kPa)-AUROC = 0.90 [95% CI (0.82–0.93)], p < 0.0001, Se = 65.1%, Sp = 96.7%, PPV = 90.3%, NPV = 85.7%. The overall agreement between examiners was excellent: 0.94 (95% CI: 0.89–0.97); still, the ICCs were higher for the more experienced elastography examiner: 0.92 (95% CI: 0.82–0.96) vs. 0.94 (95% CI: 0.87–0.97) vs. 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95–0.99). Conclusions: THE is a feasible and reproducible elastography technique that can accurately rule in and rule out advanced liver disease.
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Godshaw, Brian M., Nicholas Kolodychuk, Benjamin Bryan Browning, Gerard Williams, Rachel Burdette, and Deryk G. Jones. "Suprapectoral vs. Intra Articular Biceps Tenodesis: A Comparison of Clinical Outcomes." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 7_suppl4 (2018): 2325967118S0010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118s00108.
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Objectives: The long head of the biceps tendon is a frequent pain generator within the shoulder. It is subjected to trauma and wear within the glenohumeral joint and within the intertubercular groove. Tenodesis of this tendon is a common treatment option for patients experiencing biceps tendon related pain. There are several different techniques to perform this procedure. Proximal intra-articular tenodesis can be performed but leaves the tendon within the intertubercular groove. Alternatively, suprapectoral tenodesis can be performed removing the tendon from the bicipital groove and sheath while avoiding conversion to an open procedure. Further, suprapectoral tenodesis limits complications associated with an open distally based incision. Several studies have compared these techniques to tenotomy or open-subpectoral tenodesis. This is the first study to directly compare patient outcomes between intra-articular and suprapectoral bicep tenodeses. Methods: Retrospective review of patients undergoing intra-articular or suprapectoral arthroscopic biceps tenodesis from 2010 - 2015. Clinical outcomes were measured at set intervals post-operatively (3 months, 6 months, and 12 months) and compared to pre-operative scores. Outcome measures included short form-12, both physical (PSF) and mental (MSF) component scores, and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (ASES). Results: A total of 96 patients were available for this study, 43 had intra-articular tenodesis and 56 had suprapectoral tenodesis. There was no difference in functional outcomes between intra and extra articular biceps tenodesis at 1-year post-operative. The intra-articular group had a quicker improvement in scores with the greatest increase at 3 months post-operatively, specifically in PSF group (p=0.016): however, this difference leveled off at 1-year follow up (p=0.238). The intra-articular group had greater absolute scores at all measured time points, but not significantly. Both groups showed improvement in all outcome measures and there was found to be no difference in changes for ASES, PSF, or MSF (p=0.262, p=0.489, and p=0.907 respectively). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that both intra-articular and surpapectoral techniques are acceptable options for biceps tenodesis. Despite leaving the biceps tendon within the glenohumeral joint and intertubercular groove, the intra-articular technique offers similar improvement in outcome measures to the suprapectoral technique.
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Nikiforov, I. I., I. V. Petrovskaya, and S. Ninković. "Interpretation of Rotation Curves of Giant Galaxies in the Local Group with the Truncated Disk Model: the Milky Way." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 174 (2000): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100055366.
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In some external edge-on spiral galaxies, such as NGC 891, 4244, 4565 and 5907, the observed light distribution exhibits a sharp truncation in the outer parts (e.g., Casertano 1983, hereafter C83). As a rule, such galaxies are known to be warped in their gas disk, the deformation starting at about their optical cut-off radius. These facts suggest a truncation in the disk density distribution. Moreover, the rotation velocity of these galaxies starts decreasing at about the same radius, which can also be considered as the "signature" of truncation (see C83).Both giant spiral galaxies in the Local Group, the Milky Way and M31, have a dip in the average rotation velocity which can be produced by a truncation of the galactic disk. Ninković & Petrovskaya (1992) constructed from Haud’s (1981) rotation curve for M31 a model including, like C83’s for NGC 5907, a truncated exponential disk and a halo. The truncation distance was found to be close to the radius beyond which warping of the hydrogen layer of M31 begins.
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Pacian, Jolanta. "Postępowanie przed Naczelnym Sądem Aptekarskim w sprawie naruszenia zasad etyki zawodowej farmaceuty." Studia Iuridica, no. 86 (June 14, 2021): 212–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2020-86.14.
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Members of the pharmacists’ self-government can be held liable before pharmaceutical courts for conduct breaching the rules of professional ethics and deontology, and infringing legal regulations concerning the practice of the pharmacist’s profession. Thus, the basis of professional responsibility of pharmacists is generally similar to the rules of professional liability of doctors, nurses, and midwives. Nevertheless, certain significant differences can be noticed in the course of the proceedings. Such a difference occurs in the proceedings before the Supreme Pharmaceutical Court. The professional group of pharmacists cannot be indifferent to punishable acts because this would imply tacit consent to breach of legal provisions regulating the professional practice and the rules of professional ethics and deontology set forth in the Code of Ethics of the Polish Pharmacist. Therefore, it is crucial that pharmacists, who practise a profession of public trust, should take care of the appropriate status of their occupation in order to conduct properly their mission of serving the society.
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Raza Baig, Mirza Ahmad, Usman Javed Iqbal, Sher-E. Murtaza, and Nosheen Ahmed. "MYOCARDIAL DAMAGEq." Professional Medical Journal 21, no. 05 (2018): 987–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.05.2545.
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Background: Intermittent antegrade warm blood cardioplegia is routinely usedas a mean of myocardial protection since its introduction. There is a considerable debate onthe longest time off cardioplegia interval during aortic cross clamping. Objective: To see thefrequency and extent of myocardial damage in patients undergoing CABG receiving intermittentantegrade warm blood Cardioplegia at LTOC (longest time off cardioplegia) 11-15 minutes(Group I) and 16-20 minutes (Group II). Patients and Methods: A randomized prospectivestudy involving 94 patients was arranged to see the safe periods of intermittency. There weretwo groups of patients having LTOC of 11-15 minutes (Group I) and 16-20 minutes (GroupII). 20 minutes was the upper limit. The duration of study was from 1-09-2013 to 10-02-2014.Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 16. Independent sample t-test and chi-square wereapplied to see the significance. Results: Mean age was 54.1±9.36 years. There were moremales as compared to females. More than 50% of the patients had Hypertension and Diabetes.There was no urgent surgery. Triple vessel disease (TVD) was present in 48.9% patients and40.4% had Double vessel disease (DVD). Average blood flow during CPB was 2.4±0.14 (L/min.m-2). Average body temperatures were 31.7±2.30C. Cardioplegia temperature was 36-370C.According to Left Ventricular Function Classification, 43.6% of the patients were of LV grade IIand 10.6% of LV grade III. There was no significant increase in the levels of CK-MB in two groups.77.8% patient in Group I and 66.7% in Group II gained spontaneous rhythm (p-value 0.16). IABPwas inserted in 5.4% patients in group I and 5.6% in group II (p-value 0.97). There was no failureto wean off from bypass and no peri-operative mortality. The levels of inotropes viz dopamineand epinephrine on weaning were also almost the same. Perioperative MI occurred only in 7patients (ruled out by biochemical evidence). Conclusions: A reasonable margin of safetyexists with intermittent antegrade warm blood cardioplegia in these two groups. So the LTOC(longest time off cardioplegia) up to 20 minutes is unlikely to lead to adverse clinical outcomesand is clinically acceptable.
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Mogos, Magdalena, Catalin Gabriel Herghelegiu, Raluca Gabriela Ioan, Cringu Antoniu Ionescu, and Adrian Neacsu. "Determining an Umbilical Cord pH Cutoff Value for Predicting Neonatal Morbidity Related to Intrapartum Hypoxia." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 2 (2019): 605–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.2.6965.
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Intrapartum hypoxia can lead to perinatal asphyxia, acidosis, neuronal injury, long-term morbidity or even death. Intrapartum asphyxia and hypoxia can be predicated by fetal acidosis. Umbilical cord gases are used to evaluate a newborn�s acid-base status and the presence of hypoxia. Depending on what references are used, normal values for umbilical cord gases can wildly vary. Although most papers set a pH threshold of [7.2 for fetal acidosis / acidemia, some studies suggest that neonatal morbidity and mortality is increased only when the pH threshold is set below / cut-off value is 7.0. We did a retrospective study and evaluated all newborns from singleton term births in INSMC Alessandrescu Rusescu between 2010 - 2012. We found 83 cases of intrapartum asphyxia (IA) and 25 cases of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Also a control group of 100 normal term newborns were randomly selected. The IA and HIE showed significant lower mean umbilical cord pH values compared to the control group (7.19, respectively 7.12 compared to 7.28). Using the Youden index we calculated pH a cutoff value of 7.25 for the prediction of IA and of 7.16 for the prediction of HIE. While a low Apgar score can be a predictor of neonatal outcome and may be determined by fetal hypoxia, it remains a subjective evaluation with variable intra-observer reliability. Thus it is important to have an objective test able to accurately diagnose perinatal asphyxia and predict the neonatal outcome.
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Sulistyo, Bambang. "Trade and Ethnicity: Business Ethics and the Glory of Maritime Trade of The Makassar’s Wajorese in the 18th Century." Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration 4, no. 2 (2020): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmsni.v4i2.9610.
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This article aims to trace the role of the book Amanna Gappa, also known as Ade Alopping-loping Bicarana Pabalue, as a set of business ethics practiced by the Wajo ethnic group in the city of Makassar in the 18th century. The Wajo people of Makassar at that time were one of the tribes that lost the war between the Goa-Tallo Sultanate and the alliance of the Sultanate of Bone and the Dutch trading company VOC (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie) in the 1660s. The Wajo people were famous as great traders in Southeast Asia and their communities are scattered across the Indonesian archipelago. This article argues that one of the factors for their success in maritime trade is their ability to create business rules and ethics in maritime navigation and trade. Some scholars refer to this set of rules as the law of navigation or the law of commerce. However, this research seeks to explain that this set of rules was a set of maritime business ethics practiced by the Wajorese as traders and sailors. The Wajo people were not rulers of a sovereign state and were unlikely to have been able to enforce their business ethics as a law.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Intra-group set off rule"
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Andersson, Martin, and Andreas Malm. "Kvittningsrätten inom fållan : En analys av reglernas förenlighet med den skatterättsliga neutralitetsprincipen." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Redovisning och Rättsvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26855.
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Den 1 juli 2013 meddelade Högsta förvaltningsdomstolen (HFD) beslut i ett mål gällande kvittningsrätten för kapitalvinster och kapitalförluster på delägarrätter. Frågan som be-handlades i målet var om aktiebolaget hade rätt att kvitta sina kapitalförluster mot kapital-vinsterna som uppkommit i den utländska delägarbeskattade juridiska personen. HFD beslutade att neka aktiebolaget möjligheten till kvittning på grund av att lagstöd saknades. Denna bedömning väcker frågor, då aktiebolag som väljer att placera delägarrätter i del-ägarbeskattade juridiska personer får en mindre utsträckt kvittningsrätt vid jämförelse om delägarrätterna hade placerats direkt i aktiebolaget. Vid närmare granskning av kvittnings-möjligheterna kan det konstateras att även kvittningsrätten för kapitalförluster (inte bara kapitalvinster) på delägarrätter i delägarbeskattade juridiska personer är begränsade, vid jämförelse om motsvarande kapitalförluster hade uppkommit direkt i aktiebolaget. Be-gränsningarna för kapitalförlusterna på delägarrätter i delägarbeskattade juridiska perso-ner innebär att kapitalförlusten ska kvoteras till 70 % innan kvittning kan ske, vilket inte är ett krav om kapitalförlusten hade uppkommit direkt i aktiebolaget. Vidare finns varken en sparanderegel eller en koncernkvittningsregel att tillgå i 48 kap. 27 § IL, vilket finns om kapitalförlusten hade uppkommit direkt i aktiebolaget enligt 48 kap. 26 § IL. Frågan som uppkommer är hur dessa begränsningar står i förhållande till den skatterätts-liga neutralitetsprincipen, där den skattskyldiges val ska styras i minsta möjliga utsträck-ning av skattesystemet. Avsteg från denna princip kan göras i syfte att motverka oönskad skatteplanering. Av en samlad bedömning anser skribenterna att samtliga begränsningar av kvittningsrätten för delägarrätter ägda via delägarbeskattade juridiska personer är oför-enliga med neutralitetsprincipen. Detta grundar skribenterna på att aktiebolag som väljer att placera delägarrätter via delägarbeskattade juridiska personer missgynnas ur ett skatte-mässigt perspektiv, vid jämförelse om delägarrätterna hade placerats direkt i aktiebolaget. iii En av de motiveringar som har anförts av lagstiftaren har varit att motverka oönskad skatteplanering. Denna motivering anser skribenterna inte vara hållbar för att rättfärdiga dessa begränsningar. Reglerna borde därmed ändras så att kvittningsmöjligheten på delä-garrätter ägda via delägarbeskattade juridiska personer blir lika omfattande som om delä-garrätterna hade ägts direkt av aktiebolaget. Den framtida existensen av kvittningsrätten på delägarrätter har diskuterats av lagstiftaren och det återstår att se ifall den kommer att avskaffas eller inte.<br>July 1, 2013, the Supreme Administrative Court (SAC) announced a decision in a case concerning the right to set off of capital gains and losses on securities. The question that was raised in the case was whether the Swedish company had the right to set off their capital losses against capital gains arisen in the foreign part-owner taxable legal person. SAC decided to deny the company the right to set off due to lack of legal support. This decision raises questions, because companies that chooses to place securities in part-owner taxable legal persons gets less extended rights to set off, in comparison to if the securities had been placed directly in the Swedish company. By a closer examination of the possibilities to set off, it can be concluded that the right to set off of capital losses (not just capital gains) on securities in part-owner taxable legal persons are limited, in comparison to if the corresponding capital losses incurred directly in the Swedish com-pany. The limitations of capital losses on securities in part-owner taxable legal persons means that the capital losses should be subject to a quota of 70 % before set off can occur, which is not a requirement when capital losses incurred directly in the Swedish company. Furthermore, there is neither a carry forward rule nor an intra-group set off rule in Chap-ter 48. 27 § Swedish Income Tax Act (SITA), which exists if the capital losses incurred directly in the company according to Chapter 48. 26 § SITA. The question that arises is how these limitations stand in relation to the principle of neutrality where the taxpayer's choices should be controlled as little as possible by the legal tax system. Derogations from this principle can be made in order to coun-teract undesirable tax planning. By an overall assessment the writers consider that all limitations to set off of secu-rities owned via part-owner taxable legal persons are incompatible with the principle v of neutrality. The reason for this opinion is that a company who chooses to place securities via part-owner taxable legal persons is affected adversely from a tax per-spective in comparison to if the securities were owned directly by the Swedish com-pany itself. According to the writers, there is no sustainable justification for these limitations. The rules should therefore be amended so that the set off possibilities on securities owned via part-owner taxable legal persons should be as extensive as if the securities were owned directly by the Swedish company. The future existence of the set-off right on securities has been discussed by the legislature and the future will tell if it will be abolished or not.
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Zoumpoulis, Christos. "Aspects juridiques et fiscaux de la mobilité des sociétés dans l’espace régional européen." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020028.
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La question de la mobilité des sociétés met principalement en cause deux ensembles normatifs étatiques. Tout d’abord, la société mobile rencontre en permanence la question des conflits de lois. Ainsi, la mobilité implique le passage par la question fondamentale de la reconnaissance, la mise en jeu des règles de conflit sur la loi applicable aux sociétés ainsi que, plus généralement, la nécessité de consulter en permanence toutes les règles délimitant la compétence normative de l’Etat en matière sociétaire, telles les règles de conflit (jurisprudentielles ou du droit positif) ou les lois de police susceptibles d’être mises en œuvre dans une opération de restructuration transfrontalière d’un groupe de sociétés ou dans une opération transfrontalière d’acquisition ou de prise de contrôle. Dans un second lieu, la mobilité met inéluctablement en jeu les règles formant les systèmes nationaux de fiscalité internationale des sociétés, à savoir les règles fiscales nationales ou internationales (émanant du droit fiscal interne ou des traités d’évitement de double imposition) applicables à des situations relevant des activités internationales des sociétés. Ces deux aspects de la question de la mobilité intra-communautaire des sociétés ne peuvent pas être traités indépendamment l'une de l'autre, puisque les deux corps de règles (règles de conflit et règles de compétence fiscale) obéissent plus ou moins aux mêmes impératifs hiérarchiquement supérieurs de nature politique, économique et sociale et, par conséquent, ils sont interdépendants. En outre, l’étude de leur évolution historique durant la période qui s’étend du début du XIXe siècle jusqu’à nos jours au sein des ordres juridiques analysés (français, anglais, allemand, belge) démontre qu'ils se sont réciproquement influencées pour atteindre leur état actuel. Au travers d’une analyse interdisciplinaire, nous mettons l'accent, dans une première partie, sur les points d'intersection des deux corps de règles afin d'exposer la mécanique complexe de la mobilité internationale des sociétés et afin de mettre en exergue les considérations juridiques et fiscales qui dominent la matière. Cela dit, les systèmes nationaux de fiscalité internationale et les systèmes nationaux de droit international des sociétés sont aujourd’hui en pleine transformation sous l’emprise du droit communautaire qui se veut un méta-ordre d’organisation des comportements des gouvernements nationaux et des agents économiques selon et vers un modèle nouveau de régulation du marché de nature à rendre la création d’un Marché unique au sein de l’UE possible. Dans la seconde partie de notre étude, nous explorons l’impact du droit dérivé et de la jurisprudence de la CJUE -qui agissent conjointement afin d’atteindre cet objectif- sur ces deux ensembles normatifs nationaux, afin de conclure que toutes les évolutions récentes et anticipées en matière de mobilité des sociétés, tant au niveau national qu’au niveau communautaire, s’inscrivent dans le contexte de l’évolution globale du processus de transition des ordres juridiques nationaux d’un modèle capitaliste traditionnel de régulation du marché inspiré par les travaux de M. Keynes à un modèle néo-libéral, accélérée par la pression de la vague contemporaine de la mondialisation économique. En se situant dans une perspective historique et interdisciplinaire de la question de la mobilité intra-communautaire des sociétés, nous nous efforçons d’en cerner les tendances et les configurations ainsi que d’en faire l’état des lieux des progrès effectués depuis le XIXe siècle<br>Cross-border company mobility principally involves two main sets of State norms. Firstly, mobile companies continuously encounter conflict of laws questions. Therefore, mobility implies a necessary passage from the fundamental question of recognition of foreign companies, the application of conflict of laws rules determining the lex societatis and, more generally, the consultation of all the rules delineating the normative jurisdiction of the State in corporate matters, namely the conflict of laws rules (whether they stem from positive law or from judicial precedents) or the mandatory rules (lois de police) likely to be implemented in cross-border M&As, reorganizations and take-overs. Secondly, company mobility brings inevitably into play the national or international tax rules which constitute the national systems of international taxation of companies, namely tax rules emanating either from national tax legislation or from international treaties on avoidance of double taxation. These two aspects of the matter of company cross-border mobility shall not be examined separately, given that the formation of conflict of laws rules and tax jurisdiction rules that delineate a state’s tax jurisdiction depends on each State’s hierarchically superior imperatives of a political, economic and social nature, these two body of rules being, therefore, interdependent. The study of their historical evolution within the legal systems examined in our thesis (French, English, German and Belgian) from the early 19th century to date, demonstrates that their current state constitutes the result of their mutual influence. Through an interdisciplinary analysis, we emphasize, in the first part of our thesis, on the crossing points of these two sets of rules in order to explain the complex mechanics of cross-border mobility of companies and point out the legal and tax considerations that dominate the matter. We further explore their transformation by EU law which is intended as a meta-order aimed at orchestrating national government and economic agents’ behaviors according to and towards a new model of market regulation susceptible to the creation of a European single market. The second part of our thesis is dedicated to the study of the impact of secondary EU legislation and European Court of Justice jurisprudence –that act jointly to achieve the European single market objective- on the aforementioned bodies of national rules, that leads to the conclusion that the recent and anticipated developments on the mobility of companies within the EU both on national and European level, fall within the broader framework of the overall development of the transition process of national legal orders from a traditional capitalist model of market regulation inspired by the theories of M. Keynes towards a neo-liberal model which is accelerated by the pressure of the contemporary trend of economic globalization. Addressing the subject of cross-border mobility of companies within the EU both from a historical and an interdisciplinary perspective, we endeavor to identify trends and patterns and to assess the progress achieved since the early 19th century
Books on the topic "Intra-group set off rule"
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Mirrington, Alexander. Transformations of Identity and Society in Anglo-Saxon Essex. Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462980341.
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Transformations of Identity and Society in Anglo-Saxon Essex: A Case Study of an Early Medieval North Atlantic Community presents the results of a comprehensive archaeological study of early medieval Essex (c.AD 400-1066). This region provides an important case study for examining coastal societies of north-western Europe. Drawing on a wealth of new data, the author demonstrates the profound influence of maritime contacts on changing expressions of cultural affiliation. It is argued that this Continental orientation reflects Essex’s longterm engagement with the emergent, dynamic North Sea network. The wide chronological focus and inclusive dataset enables long-term socio-economic continuity and transformation to be revealed. These include major new insights into the construction of group identity in Essex between the 5th and 11th centuries and the identification of several previously unknown sites of exchange. The presentation also includes the first full archaeological study of Essex under ‘Viking’ rule.
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Gross, Corina. Composition Notebook: Disney Descendants Set It off Group Shot Journal/Notebook Blank Lined Ruled 6x9 100 Pages. Independently Published, 2020.
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Abrahms, Max. Rules for Rebels. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811558.001.0001.
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Imagine you’re the leader of a militant group. Your enemy is a government far stronger than your crew. How can you beat the odds and achieve your political goals? For over a decade, the author has studied hundreds of militant groups throughout world history to discern why some succeed while others are doomed to fail. This book offers welcome news for the rebel. It turns out that the leaders of militant groups possess a surprising amount of agency over their political destiny. Triumph is possible. But only for those who know what to do. This is the first book to identify a cohesive set of actions that can enable militant leaders to win. Discover the secrets of their success. Successful militants follow three simple rules that are based on original insights from numerous disciplines (communication, criminology, economics, history, management, marketing, political science, psychology, sociology) and methodological approaches (qualitative cases studies, content analysis, network analysis, regression analysis, experiments). There’s a science to victory in world history. But even rebels must follow rules.
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Hertz, Rosanna, and Margaret K. Nelson. The Social Capitalists. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190888275.003.0010.
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The parents in the Social Capitalist network introduce a set of new ideas about the meaning of relationships with donor siblings. Rather than trying to squeeze themselves into any preexisting model of family, they actively negotiate their own rules for interaction and for language (including use of the word “dibling”). They also introduce a set of new ideas about the benefits the group can provide. They state quite clearly that they value the social and cultural capital available through group membership. The parents scurry to become members early (while their children are under the age of five) because they want both to influence the group’s formation and to secure the benefits they hope their children will receive in years to come. Because the children are so young, we hear only from the parents.
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Lim, Timothy H. 8. Jewish sectarianism in the Second Temple period. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198779520.003.0008.
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‘Jewish sectarianism in the Second Temple period’ contextualizes the Dead Sea Scrolls within the history of Second Temple Judaism and discusses the origins and history of the Qumran community of the Essenes. The period began under Persian rule, when Cyrus adopted a policy of religious tolerance. Alexander’s conquest of Judaea led to Hellenistic rule, until the Maccabaean revolt gained Jewish freedom. The Qumran–Essenes did not view Maccabaeans as legitimate rulers, so left the group before the Hasamonaean dynasty began. Judaism at this time comprised many sects. Some, such as the Qumran–Essenes, were introversionist and isolated, whereas others were reformist and remained in wider society.
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Sparham, Gareth. Tantric Ethics. Edited by Daniel Cozort and James Mark Shields. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198746140.013.29.
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There are many early sets of rules (vrata) specific to the ascetic practices of particular Tantras, but the first codification of ethical conduct for practitioners of Buddhist Tantra, in general, is found in the Vajraśekhara, a part of the Tattvasaṃgraha group. There, Tantric ethics are codified as five sets of commitments (samaya) connected with the transformation of the five skandhas into five family buddhas. The full systematization of the Buddhist Tantric code of ethics as the avoidance of fourteen major and eight minor infractions appears soon after. This fully developed Tantric code of ethics incorporates earlier Buddhist codes, in particular the tripartite codification of a syncretistic morality systematized in the Bodhisattvabhūmi. The defining characteristic of the Buddhist Tantric code of ethics is the centrality of the unification of wisdom (prajñā) and special feelings of bliss with method (upāya) as an underpinning.
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Weiner, Marli F., and Mazie Hough. The Examined Body. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036996.003.0006.
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This chapter examines physicians' views of the interactions of mind and body in their patients. Southern physicians believed that the bodies they examined and sought to cure were not simply subject to the physiological rules defined by race, sex, and place. They thought that bodies were also influenced by the mind of the individual, and that the mind had a tendency to defy what doctors considered appropriate behavior. In the South, physicians struggled to disentangle the influences of minds and bodies for each group in the population. They wondered how to reconcile their patients' own views of what was wrong and how to treat it with their own, which could lead to conflicts about modesty, use of the speculum, and the very nature of health and illness, among others. This chapter explores how physicians explained the influence of mind–body connection on reproduction and as a cause of nervous diseases in white women, as well as the relationship of race and sex to hysteria.
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Ludwig, Kirk. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789994.003.0001.
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Chapter 1 sets out the problem of institutional agency, explains the project and its methodology, describes the structure of the book, and gives advice to readers on navigating through it. The central problem of institutional action is to understand how the structure of institutions is grounded in more primitive forms of joint intentional action, and how those more primitive forms of joint intentional action are expressed through those institutional structures. The project aims to uncover the conceptual structure of institutional agency, taking as examples familiar institutions. It starts with the question of the logical form of grammatically singular group action sentences, that is, action sentences about mobs and organizations and institutions, and then provides reductive analyses of key notions in understanding institutional action in particular, namely, constitutive rules, status functions and roles, institutional membership, and proxy agency.
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Bork, Reinhard, and Kristin van Zwieten, eds. Commentary on the European Insolvency Regulation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198727286.001.0001.
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This book provides a detailed article-by-article commentary on the recast EU Regulation on Insolvency Proceedings (EIR), written by a group of experts drawn from several European jurisdictions. The commentary is prefaced by an introductory chapter that explains the rationale for the EIR, charts the background to its enactment, and sketches its key features as originally made and as recast. The commentary that follows has been published in time to cover the long-awaited and much-debated recast Regulation which was finalised in 2015. The introduction of the recast EIR has given authors and editors the opportunity to analyse a newly drafted and modernised law, containing a highly sophisticated set of rules designed to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of Member State insolvency laws in cross-border cases. The timing of publication will enable practitioners and scholars to equip themselves with a thorough understanding of the recast EIR ahead of full implementation in 2017. The article-by-article analysis has a multi-jurisdictional focus which reports and evaluates significant developments in the application of the Regulation across Member States. This is a key new work for all those who advise on or research European insolvency law.
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Tara, Davenport. 7 The Archipelagic Regime. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198715481.003.0007.
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The archipelagic regime in Part IV of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) was aimed at resolving an issue that had long challenged the international community, namely, whether a group of islands should be considered a single entity and thus subject to a special regime distinct from the rules applicable to continental land masses and individual islands. This chapter examines the critical issues associated with the implementation of Part IV as well as future issues that may arise. It first discusses the development of the archipelagic regime. It then addresses the definition of an archipelago and an archipelagic State, archipelagic baselines, and archipelagic waters, respectively, and examines issues in implementation. It considers the issue of ‘dependent archipelagos’ and whether there is a lacuna in LOSC in this regard. The chapter concludes with a discussion on future areas of focus for the archipelagic regime.
Book chapters on the topic "Intra-group set off rule"
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Raimbault, Benjamin, and Pierre-Benoît Joly. "The Emergence of Technoscientific Fields and the New Political Sociology of Science." In Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61728-8_4.
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AbstractThis chapter conceptualizes the emergence of a techno-scientific field (TSF) as a multiscalar and progressive establishment of a new set of epistemic and social rules. Drawing on science and technology studies and field theories, we design an original conceptual framework that allows us to formulate three propositions to characterize the process of emergence of a TSF. We use the emergence of synthetic biology (Synbio) as a ‘laboratory’ to test this framework. Each proposition refers to a determinant dimension in the process of emergence—heterogeneity, hierarchy, and autonomy. First, we claim that heterogeneity (of disciplines, research questions, visions, social norms) is constitutive of the emergence of a new TSF. Second, the population of Synbio researchers is highly stratified; a core group of scientific entrepreneurs (incumbents and challengers) plays an active role in the process of emergence. Third, strategies for the control of external resources are crucial to the structuration of the field, which is mirrored by the prominent role of core-group members as boundary spanners. An original scientometric approach is used to create specific variables that allow us to investigate both network and field structural dynamics bridging qualitative and quantitative approaches.
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Rosenstein, Donald L., and Justin M. Yopp. "Dating 2.0." In The Group. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190649562.003.0017.
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When Lisa created her family rules shortly before her death, she wrote them for her three daughters. She wanted the girls to remain close and look out for each other during the difficult days that would lie ahead. However, Bruce realized immediately that Lisa’s rules were meant for his benefit as well. The last rule was unambiguous: . . . Support Dad when he is ready to date. He is going to need it. . . . Lisa wanted Bruce to find happiness again and did her part to make that possible. Early on, Bruce had no interest in dating and felt disloyal to Lisa for even wanting companionship. After the one-year anniversary of her death, and with Lisa’s explicit approval, Bruce reached out to an old friend who had offered to set him up. A lunch date was scheduled for the following week. As the date approached, Bruce began to doubt himself. That morning, he tried to stay busy around the office, but as lunchtime neared, he panicked. He hurried down the hallway toward the office of a co-worker with whom he had become close since Lisa’s death. “I can’t go through with it!” Bruce said as he burst through the door. “Whoa, what’s going on?” his friend asked. “I’m not ready for this. I don’t know what the hell I was thinking. To go on an actual date!?! It’s too soon.” “Okay, just calm down. Have a seat and we’ll figure it out.” Bruce continued to pace around the room. “Seriously, how can I have lunch with another woman and act like it’s okay. It isn’t. I was with Lisa for almost twenty years. I don’t want to be with anyone else.” “I thought that she wanted you to date again.” “I know, I know. But how am I supposed to act … what am I supposed to talk about the whole time? That’s it. I’m not doing it.” Grabbing Bruce by the shoulders, his friend looked him in the eyes. “Get yourself together, man! I know this is hard, but you’ve got to calm down.
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Bork, Reinhard, and Renato Mangano. "Group Insolvencies." In European Cross-Border Insolvency Law. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198729099.003.0008.
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This chapter deals with European cross-border issues concerning groups of companies. This chapter, after outlining the difficulties encountered throughout the world in defining and regulating the group, focuses on the specific policy choices endorsed by the EIR, which clearly does not lay down any form of substantive consolidation. Instead, the EIR, on the one hand, seems to permit the ‘one group—one COMI’ rule, even to a limited extent, and, on the other hand, provides for two different regulatory devices of procedural consolidation, one based on the duties of ‘cooperation and communication’ and the other on a system of ‘coordination’ to be set up between the many proceedings affecting companies belonging to the same group.
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Rozen, Yuri, and Alexander Siora. "Rod Group and Individual Control System." In Nuclear Power Plant Instrumentation and Control Systems for Safety and Security. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5133-3.ch010.
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Chapter 10 considers the Rod Group and Individual Control (RG&IC) system, which is one of the individual I&C systems and a part of the reactor control and protection system. RG&IC is an actuation system, which performs functions initiated by emergency and preventive reactor protection, reactor power control, unloading, limitation and accelerated preventive protection, and remote control rod position commands sent by the power unit personnel. The central part of RG&IC system consists of software-hardware complex SHC RG&IC-R based on the equipment family of the Research and Production Corporation “Radiy” (RADIY PLATFORM – see Chapter 1). The RG&IC system combines functions that belong to A and B categories according to safety impact (IEC, 2009), relates to safety class 2(A) and complies with the fundamental safety principles (IAEA, 1999), requirements that are set forth in international standards (IAEA, 2002, 2012; IEC, 2011), and Ukrainian nuclear safety rules and regulations (NP, 2000, 2008a, 2008b).
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Phelps, Charles E., and Guru Madhavan. "Decision Rules." In Making Better Choices. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190871147.003.0003.
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Group decisions are driven by rules—constitutions, bylaws, contracts. Often the set of choices voted on by the group has been winnowed down by a committee or a backroom process that can strongly control the outcome by determining what choices are offered (and how they are described). This prescreening is often filled with obscure rules and processes. Organizations that come to crucial decision points (sometimes vital to the organization’s future) may find themselves suddenly looking at their bylaws (or whatever controls these processes) to find out how things should be done, but when those rules are poorly constructed (or give immense power to a few select people within the group), bad decisions can emerge that please very few people. The time to review organizational bylaws and rules is before crucial votes appear, not in the midst of major decisions themselves.
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Koh, Yun Sing, Richard O’Keefe, and Nathan Rountree. "Interestingness Measures for Association Rules." In Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Technologies. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-960-1.ch002.
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Association rules are patterns that offer useful information on dependencies that exist between the sets of items. Current association rule mining techniques such as apriori often extract a very large number of rules. To make sense of these rules we need to order or group the rules in some fashion such that the useful patterns are highlighted. The study of this process involves the investigation of an “interestingness” in the rules. To date, various measures have been proposed but unfortunately, these measures present inconsistent information about the interestingness of a rule. In this chapter, we show that different metrics try to capture different dependencies among variables. Each measure has its own selection bias that justifies the rationale for preferring it compared to other measures. We present an experimental study of the behaviour of the interestingness measures such as lift, rule interest, Laplace, and information gain. Our experimental results verify that many of these measures are very similar in nature. From the findings, we introduce a classification of the current interestingness measures.
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Karpowitz, Christopher F., and Tali Mendelberg. "The Deliberative Justice Experiment." In The Silent Sex. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691159751.003.0005.
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This chapter looks at how there is no shortage of commentary about women's presence in decision-making groups. Part of the challenge of answering the lingering questions about women's voice and authority is methodological. For example, many of the studies that take up the question of gender do not disentangle group gender composition from individual gender or do not involve sufficient variation in gender composition to allow for a full understanding of group-level factors. In particular, there are many ways that gender composition and decision rule could be correlated with other possible causes of women's participation and substantive representation at a meeting. The chapter takes up these issues in detail by cataloging a number of methodological gaps in existing studies.
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Prusa, Thomas J. "Antidumping Provisions in Preferential Trade Agreements." In The World Trade System. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035231.003.0005.
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Using information culled from 217 PTAs we find that nearly three out of four PTAs include either additional AD rules or prohibit the use of AD against PTA members. PTA rules generally either prohibit AD protection against members or make AD protection harder to apply. As a result, PTAs may further tilt the playing field toward members by shifting contingent protection toward non-members – protection diversion. We examine AD usage patterns by NAFTA countries as a case study of PTA rules. We find evidence that NAFTA rules have discouraged the intra-North American use of AD and likely increased the incidence against non-NAFTA countries. We also discuss usage trends across a wider set of PTAs and again find evidence that PTA rules have altered the pattern of AD activity, likely lowering the incidence against members and shifting the restrictions to non-members.
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Robinson, John P., and Henry E. C. Amirtharaj. "MAGDM-Miner." In Fuzzy Systems. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1908-9.ch070.
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In this article, the authors propose a new framework called the MAGDM-Miner, for mining correlation rules from trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy data efficiently. In the MAGDM-Miner, the raw data from a Multiple Attribute Group Decision Making (MAGDM) problem with trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy data are first pre-processed using some arithmetic aggregation operators. The aggregated data in turn are processed for efficient data selection through fuzzy correlation rule mining where the unwanted or less important decision variables are pruned from the decision making system. Using this MAGDM-Miner, a decision-maker can overcome the drawbacks in the conventional methods of Decision Support Systems (DSS) especially when dealing with large data-set. The algorithm is also presented, in which the technique of Fuzzy Correlation Rule Mining (FCRM) is fused into the MAGDM problem, in order to enhance the efficiency and accuracy in decision making environment. A numerical illustration is presented to show the effectiveness and accuracy of the newly developed MAGDM-Miner algorithm.
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Rosenstein, Donald L., and Justin M. Yopp. "The Meaning of Life." In The Group. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190649562.003.0020.
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Not long after Susan died, Karl traveled to Connecticut to attend a wedding. He anticipated some uncomfortable moments but made it through the ceremony without feeling too sad. The reception was much more difficult. Karl was sitting alone and nursing a drink when the deejay announced: . . . Listen up everybody. I need all the married couples to come out on the dance floor. . . . A dozen or so couples came forward as the deejay explained the rules. . . .I want everyone to keep dancing until I call out the number of years that you’ve been married. Let’s start with an easy one: take a seat if you’ve been married for less than four hours. . . . The smiling bride and groom walked off the dance floor as their guests laughed and applauded. . . . Now, keep dancing if you’ve been married for five years or longer. . . . Several young couples took their seats. . . . Ten years … fifteen years. . . . Karl’s heart sank. He and Susan would never reach that milestone. Their number, 14, was frozen in time. The contest ended when an elderly couple who had been married for more than fifty years were the only dancers remaining. As the guests stood and clapped, Karl sat in silence and scanned the room. The contest winners were on a victory lap of hugs and high-fives. The newlyweds stood to the side of the dance floor staring deeply into each other’s eyes. Karl was alone and Susan was dead. Nothing about this celebration felt relevant to him. The focus of group meetings continued to evolve. In the beginning, the group was mostly a safe place for the fathers to share their grief and feel less alone. It quickly became a practical problem-solving get-together and over time matured into a forum to experiment with personal reinvention. The men and their children had experienced staggering pain that often struck them as completely meaningless. They related to Karl’s experience at the wedding in that they also often felt alone, disconnected, and fundamentally confused about their new place in the world and whether it even mattered.
Conference papers on the topic "Intra-group set off rule"
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Boehmer, Niclas, Robert Bredereck, Dušan Knop, and Junjie Luo. "Fine-Grained View on Bribery for Group Identification." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/10.
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Given a set of individuals qualifying or disqualifying each other, group identification is the task of identifying a socially qualified subgroup of individuals. Social qualification depends on the specific rule used to aggregate individual qualifications. The bribery problem in this context asks how many agents need to change their qualifications in order to change the outcome. Complementing previous results showing polynomial-time solvability or NP-hardness of bribery for various social rules in the constructive (aiming at making specific individuals socially qualified) or destructive (aiming at making specific individuals socially disqualified) setting, we provide a comprehensive picture of the parameterized computational complexity landscape. Conceptually, we also consider a more fine-grained concept of bribery cost, where we ask how many single qualifications need to be changed, and a more general bribery goal that combines the constructive and destructive setting.
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Sun, Nuogang, Youyun Zhang, and Xuesong Mei. "A Simplified Systematic Method of Acquiring Design Specifications From Customer Requirements." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34769.
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Faithfully obtaining design specifications from customer requirements is essential for successful designs. The natural lingual, inexact, incomplete and vague attributes of customer requirements make it very difficult to map customer requirements to design specifications. In general design process, the design specifications are determined by designers based on their experience and intuition, and often a certain target value is set for a specification. However, it is on one hand very difficult, on the other hand unreasonable, so a suitable limit range rather than a certain value is preferred at the beginning of design, especially at the concept design process. In this paper, a simplified systematic approach of transforming customer requirements to design specifications is proposed. First, a two-stepped clustering approach for grouping customer requirements and design specifications based on HOQ matrix is presented, by which the mapping is limited to within each group. To further simplify the inference mapping rules of customer requirements and design specifications, the minimal condition inference mapping rules for each design specification are extracted based on rough set theory. In the end, a suitable value range is determined for a specification by applying the fuzzy rule matrix.
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Daoust, Ph, P. Detroux, and J. Weverbergh. "European Nuclear Pressure Components: What Kind of Rules Do We Need?" In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75458.
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In Europe, Nuclear Pressure Components are subject to different sets of rules in different countries. In the 1970s, small and medium-sized countries generally adopted a complete American set of rules transposed into national legislation. Larger nations that already had more detailed legislation preferred to introduce a full set of their own national regulations. In the early 2000s, the Pressure Equipment Directive was introduced (PED) in each EU country. Its main aims were to standardize the approaches, to strengthen the evaluation of safety risks and to open up the market. This paper summarizes the regulatory developments. In connection with potential nuclear investments by the GDF SUEZ group in France, different studies and comparisons have been carried out within TE. The paper gives the principal conclusions and recommendations from the ongoing evaluation of the rules.
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Dey, Palash, Neeldhara Misra, Swaprava Nath, and Garima Shakya. "A Parameterized Perspective on Protecting Elections." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/34.
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We study the parameterized complexity of the optimal defense and optimal attack problems in voting. In both the problems, the input is a set of voter groups (every voter group is a set of votes) and two integers k_a and k_d corresponding to respectively the number of voter groups the attacker can attack and the number of voter groups the defender can defend. A voter group gets removed from the election if it is attacked but not defended. In the optimal defense problem, we want to know if it is possible for the defender to commit to a strategy of defending at most k_d voter groups such that, no matter which k_a voter groups the attacker attacks, the out-come of the election does not change. In the optimal attack problem, we want to know if it is possible for the attacker to commit to a strategy of attacking k_a voter groups such that, no matter which k_d voter groups the defender defends, the outcome of the election is always different from the original (without any attack) one. We show that both the optimal defense problem and the optimal attack problem are computationally intractable for every scoring rule and the Condorcet voting rule even when we have only3candidates. We also show that the optimal defense problem for every scoring rule and the Condorcet voting rule is W[2]-hard for both the parameters k_a and k_d, while it admits a fixed parameter tractable algorithm parameterized by the combined parameter (ka, kd). The optimal attack problem for every scoring rule and the Condorcet voting rule turns out to be much harder – it is W[1]-hard even for the combined parameter (ka, kd). We propose two greedy algorithms for the OPTIMAL DEFENSE problem and empirically show that they perform effectively on reasonable voting profiles.
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Sprott, Kenneth, and Bahram Ravani. "Ruled Surfaces, Lie Groups, and Mesh Generation." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/dac-3996.
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Abstract This paper develops a method for design of Beziér and B-spline ruled surfaces taking advantage of the Lie group structure associated with the displacement of lines. The result is a computational method which is independent of the choice of coordinate system. The method is unique in that it can be used on a set of intersecting lines and in this way is applied to automatic mesh generation for finite element analysis.
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Celis, L. Elisa, Lingxiao Huang, and Nisheeth K. Vishnoi. "Multiwinner Voting with Fairness Constraints." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/20.
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Multiwinner voting rules are used to select a small representative subset of candidates or items from a larger set given the preferences of voters. However, if candidates have sensitive attributes such as gender or ethnicity (when selecting a committee), or specified types such as political leaning (when selecting a subset of news items), an algorithm that chooses a subset by optimizing a multiwinner voting rule may be unbalanced in its selection -- it may under or over represent a particular gender or political orientation in the examples above. We introduce an algorithmic framework for multiwinner voting problems when there is an additional requirement that the selected subset should be ``fair'' with respect to a given set of attributes. Our framework provides the flexibility to (1) specify fairness with respect to multiple, non-disjoint attributes (e.g., ethnicity and gender) and (2) specify a score function. We study the computational complexity of this constrained multiwinner voting problem for monotone and submodular score functions and present several approximation algorithms and matching hardness of approximation results for various attribute group structure and types of score functions. We also present simulations that suggest that adding fairness constraints may not affect the scores significantly when compared to the unconstrained case.
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Nagy, Nikolas, Miroslav Holienka, and Matej Babic. "Intensity Of Soccer Players´ Training Load In Small–Sided Games With Different Rule Modifications." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-11.
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Purpose: The aim of this research was to make reference to the difference in heart rate values (HR) of soccer players in small-sided games (SSG) with different rule modifications. We assumed that the permitted number of ball touches in SSGs will significantly affect the internal load of participating soccer players’ organism. Methods: The experimental group consisted of older junior players (U19) from the FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda soccer club (n=6). The HR values were evaluated on the basis of collected data, which were obtained using sport testers and special software. In order to find out the statistical significance of the difference in HR the one-way ANOVAand the Bonferroni post hoc test was used. The level of statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: We found out that by the change of the SSG rules, the internal reaction of players´ organism to training load was at different level. In the SSG1, where players were permitted only one ball contact during the SSG, the highest achieved average HR value of the moni-tored players’ (160.08 9.27 beats.min-1) was recorded. This form of the SSGs was the most intense for the players’cardiovascular system. However, there were no significant differences in HR values among the different types of the SSGs. Conclusions: Our recommendation is to employ small forms of SSGs (3 vs. 3) with different rule modifications in the systematic training process, because by the means of it we can ad-equately prepare the players for the real competitive match demands.
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Humann, James, and Yan Jin. "Evolutionary Design of Cellular Self-Organizing Systems." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12485.
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In this paper, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to discover interaction rules for a cellular self-organizing (CSO) system. The CSO system is a group of autonomous, independent agents that perform tasks through self-organization without any central controller. The agents have a local neighborhood of sensing and react only to other agents within this neighborhood. Their interaction rules are a simple set of direction vectors based on a flocking model. The five local interaction rules are assigned relative weights, and the agents self-organize to display some emergent behavior at the system level. The engineering challenge is to identify which sets of local rules will cause certain desired global behaviors. The global required behaviors of the system, such as flocking or exploration, are translated into a fitness function that can be evaluated at the end of a multi-agent based simulation run. The GA works by tuning the relative weights of the local interaction rules so that the desired global behavior emerges, judged by the fitness function. The GA approach is shown to be successful in tuning the weights of these interaction rules on simulated CSO systems, and, in some cases, the GA actually evolved qualitatively different local interaction “strategies” that displayed equivalent emergent capabilities.
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Czerniawska, Mirosława. "DIRECTIVENESS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP." In Business and Management 2018. VGTU Technika, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2018.22.
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The main aim of this research is to investigate attitudes towards entrepreneurship. It was assumed that these attitudes depend on personality traits, like directiveness. The study group consisted of 368 students. The Ray Directiveness Scale was used. Attitudes has been assessed using a set of views – five pairs of statements from publication of Morawski and a publication edited by Reykowski. Re-sults of the research show that persons with a higher directiveness index opted for free economic competition of enterprises, reduction of the state interventionism and meritocratic emolument rules. This group also presents more positive attitudes towards business people.
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Oosterhuis, Kas. "Where Are We Now?" In International Conference on the 4th Game Set and Match (GSM4Q-2019). Qatar University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/gsm4q.2019.0025.
Full textAbstract:
After 16 years of leading the Hyperbody research group as professor of practice at the TU Delft, I wanted to do something completely different and looked at the Gulf region for further educational and professional activities. I was familiar with the region, having lectured in several countries of the Middle East and eventually having realized an office building in Abu Dhabi. My practice ONL [Oosterhuis_Lenard], which I run together with my wife and business partner visual artist Ilona Lenard, proposed a number of iconic architectural proposals for hotels and office towers, and was eventually awarded some prestigious commissions for master planning projects: the redevelopment of Manhal Palace, the residence of previous ruler Sheik Zayed in Abu Dhabi. Our continuous efforts to contribute to the building market in the UAE culminated in our realized design for Mr Abdullah Al Nasser, the LIWA tower in Abu Dhabi [2014]. I Joined the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning [DAUP] at Qatar University in September 2017.