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1
Nash, Ann. "Role clarity and instructional technology support: A naturalistic examination of various perceptions of the role of the ITRT within and across three high schools." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2975.
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Role clarity for any individual leads to more successful implementation of his or her job expectations. In a school, there are many individuals with various roles to fill. The Instructional Technology Resource Teacher (ITRT) has multiple roles within a school including: training teachers, designing integrated curriculum, managing learning resources, modeling instructional strategies, acting as a technology resource, assisting content specialists, and preview and recommending software. This study found that stakeholders in schools consistently recognize the ITRT as both a trainer and designer of integrated lessons. Other instructional support roles are recognized only by some stakeholders in schools. When a greater emphasis is placed on 21st Century skills throughout the school, there is greater consistency in the perceptions of the roles of the ITRT by stakeholders.
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Sepelyak, Mary. "The Instructional Technology Resource Teacher: A Descriptive Case Study of Deployment, Use, and Perceptions." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4592.
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This case study describes one professional development approach to support technology integration at all public schools in one large county in central Virginia. Using data obtained from daily time logs, the frequency of Instructional Technology Resource Teacher (ITRT) use by classroom teachers was analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to describe overall percentage of ITRT use, the various types of professional development requested by teachers, the consistency of those activities over time, and if the frequencies of activities varied as a function of school level, Title I status at the elementary level, or subject area taught by teachers at the secondary level. Qualitative data was collected via focus group interviews of the involved ITRTs, and an exploratory attempt to understand the reasons behind their use was made. Data indicated that ITRTs were used 52% of the time offered with 5% variation over 3 years. Across school levels, ITRT time was used more at the secondary level and use varied no more than 9% over time. Google Apps for Education and web-based programs represented 73% of the training requests. Over time, fluctuations in the number of requests for assistance with different applications were explained by contextual factors. Elementary schools classified as Title I accounted for 23% of the total time elementary ITRTs were used. At the secondary level, teachers of science and language arts requested ITRT assistance more often. ITRTs made sense of these results by identifying first order barriers as more influential than second order barriers. Of these, access barriers were the most frequently cited barrier by the ITRTs followed by subject culture, institution, assessment, attitude and beliefs, and knowledge and skills. Elementary ITRTs cited more instances of barriers than secondary. Recommendations for practice and future research were made.
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Carbone, Rocco. "Il GNSS per il controllo delle deformazioni crostali." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
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Se pensiamo ad un generico punto sulla superficie terreste questo sarà soggetto allo spostamento nel tempo della propria posizione, a causa delle deformazioni della crosta terrestre. Se conosciamo l’intensità e la direzione dello spostamento possiamo esprimere la variazione delle coordinate del punto in un sistema di riferimento geodetico , in funzione del tempo. Varie teorie spiegano la causa di tali deformazioni crostali (ES. La Tettonica a Placche) , attribuendo l’origine a movimenti convettivi del mantello, determinati dalla variazione spaziale della densità ed al progressivo rilascio degli sforzi accumulati nella litosfera a causa del peso delle massi di ghiaccio che, hanno ricoperto parte della superficie terrestre nelle glaciazioni passate. Fin dagli anni’80 il GNSS è divento una tra le tecniche più idonee per andare a valutare lo spostamento della crosta terrestre rispetto ad un sistema di riferimento globale e regionale grazie all’elevato grado di precisione conseguibile.
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Rebischung, Paul. "Can GNSS contribute to improving the ITRF definition ?" Observatoire de Paris, 2014. https://hal.science/tel-02095157.
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Les systèmes globaux de navigation par satellite (GNSS) jouent un rôle fondamental dans l’élaboration du repère international de référence terrestre (ITRF). Cependant, les GNSS ne se sont jusqu’à présent pas révélés aptes à déterminer de manière fiable l’échelle terrestre ni la position du centre de masse de la Terre (géocentre) et n’ont donc pas contribué à définir l’échelle de l’ITRF ni son origine. L’incapacité des GNSS à déterminer l’échelle terrestre indépendamment de biais conventionnels de centres de phase satellites est un problème bien connu. En revanche, leur incapacité à correctement observer le mouvement du géocentre restait jusqu’alors inexpliquée. Nous avons étudié cette question sous l’angle de la colinéarité entre paramètres d’un ajustement par moindres carrés. Pour prendre en compte plusieurs particularités du problème de la détermination du géocentre par GNSS, un diagnostic de colinéarité généralisé a été développé. Il a ainsi été mis en évidence que la détermination du géocentre par GNSS est sujette à de sérieux problèmes de colinéarité à cause de l’estimation simultanée de décalages d’horloges et de paramètres troposphériques dans les analyses de données GNSS. Différentes pistes ont finalement été étudiées en vue d’une possible future contribution des GNSS à la définition de l’échelle et de l’origine de l’ITRF : l’étalonnage de l’antenne d’au moins un satellite GNSS, l’invariabilité temporelle des biais de centres de phase satellites, l’analyse simultanée de données GNSS acquises par des stations terrestres et des satellites bas, la modélisation d’horloges satellites ultra-stables et la réduction des erreurs de modélisation orbitaleGlobal Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) play a fundamental role in the elaboration of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). However, GNSS have so far not proven able to reliably determine the terrestrial scale nor the location of the Earth’s center of mass (geocenter) and have thus not contributed to defining the ITRF scale nor its origin. The weak ability of GNSS to determine the terrestrial scale apart from conventional satellite phase center offsets is well understood. On the other hand, their inability to reliably monitor geocenter motion was so far not clearly explained. We investigated this question from the perspective of collinearity among the parameters of a least-squares regression. A generalized collinearity diagnosis was therefore developed and allows handling several peculiarities of the GNSS geocenter determination problem. It revealed that the determination of all three components of geocenter motion with GNSS suffers from serious collinearity issues due to the simultaneous estimation of epoch-wise station and satellite clock offsets and of tropospheric parameters in global GNSS data analyses. Several prospects were finally investigated in view of a possible future contribution of GNSS to the definition of the ITRF scale and origin: the antenna calibration of at least one GNSS satellite, the time invariability of the satellite phase center offsets, the simultaneous analysis of GNSS data collected by ground stations and low Earth orbiting satellites, the modelling of ultra-stable satellite clocks and the mitigation of orbit modelling errors
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Hitchins, Julianna. "Lost Opportunities: Ecuador's Yasuní ITT Initiative." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/170.
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In 2007, President Rafael Correa of Ecuador proposed the Yasuní ITT Initiative at the United Nations General Assembly in an effort to contribute to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and the local preservation of biodiversity. The initiative proposed enacting an indefinite ban on oil exploration and extraction within the Ecuadorian Yasuní National Park so long as the developed world was willing to contribute to half the forgone costs of drilling. However, despite initial support, the Yasuní Initiative was unsuccessful, and due to a lack of financial support, Correa terminated the proposal in August 2013.
With the increasing threat of climate change, the recent Paris Agreement highlights the need for bold actions such as those proposed by the Yasuní Initiative—which represents a solution that the global community needs. This paper looks at the history of the Yasuní Initiative from its inception to ultimate termination, as a developing country’s efforts to take part in the broader discussion of global warming and climate change. The Yasuní Initiative is examined within the context of Ecuador’s relation to oil, the country’s position as a steward of primary forest habitat that acts as a major carbon sink with rich biological and cultural diversity, in addition to the effect that the oil industry has had on the country with close attention to the Amazon region.
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Athrey, Ankith Suresh. "Design and Analysis of Electric Over-actuated Vehicle Suspension." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281708.
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The main aim of this master thesis is to improve the performance of the Research Concept Vehicle (RCV). The RCV is an electric over-actuated vehicle developed at Integrated Transport Research Lab (ITRL) at KTH Royal Institute of Technology. The vehicle steer, camber, drive, and brake on each wheel of the vehicle. The RCV also has various operation modes such as 2WD, 4WD, 2WS and 4WS. The RCV is used as a research platform to implement, validate, and demonstrate results of various research projects. The RCV was developed in the year 2012. There is now a requirement to improve the performance of the vehicle to create a more dynamically capable platform to do more dynamic tests with. The main aim of this thesis is to explore the possibility of upgrading the suspension system with integrated wheel hub motor, electric steering actuator and electric camber actuator. It also involves packaging of the new battery pack system and reinforcing the chassis to reduce the flex during operation. Steps followed involves analysis of the current electric steering and electric camber actuator systems using MBD method to test the performance. With this as the base, requirements are decided as to what must be done to improve the performance by creating another MBD model to obtain the new performance figures. Also, the new battery pack is to be positioned on the base plate of the vehicle and this is achieved by placing the new battery pack onto the existing CAD model. The chassis is to be reinforced with the help of cross members, also designed on CAD software. The damper unit needs to be repositioned to accommodate the battery pack. Based on the changes in the vehicle, new hardpoints are decided for the new steering system, camber system and suspension system. Based on the new performance figures obtained from MBD, the requirements of the new electric steering and camber actuator systems are presented. The strength in the new frame is tested using FEM method. The new position of the damper unit is tested for performance using an MBD software. With the end of this thesis, the requirements to develop the new and improved RCV was obtained, thereby allowing for more dynamic testing to be done with the electric vehicle.Huvudsyftet med detta examensarbete är att förbättra prestanda för Research Concept Vehicle (RCV). RCV är ett elektriskt överaktuerat fordon utvecklat vid Integrated Transport Research Lab (ITRL) vid KTH Royal Institute of Technology. Fordonet styr, reglerar cambervinkeln, kör och bromsar med varje hjul i fordonet. RCV har också olika driftlägen som 2WD, 4WD, 2WS och 4WS. RCV används som en forskningsplattform för att implementera, validera och demonstrera resultat från olika forskningsprojekt. RCV utvecklades år 2012. Nu är det nu ett krav att förbättra fordonets prestanda för att skapa en mer dynamiskt kapabel plattform att göra mer dynamiska tester med. Huvudsyftet med denna avhandling är att undersöka möjligheten att uppgradera upphängningssystemet med integrerad hjulnavmotor, elektrisk styrmanöverdon och elektrisk cambermanöverdon. Det handlar också om förpackning av det nya batteripaketet och förstärkning av chassit för att minska flex under drift. Stegen som följs innefattar analys av de nuvarande elektriska styrsystemen och de elektriska camber-ställdonssystemen med MBD-metoden för att testa prestandan. Med detta som bas bestäms krav på vad som måste göras för att förbättra prestandan genom att skapa en annan MBD-modell för att erhålla de nya prestandasiffrorna. Det nya batteripaketet ska också placeras på fordonets bottenplatta med hjälp av CAD-programvara. Chassit ska förstärkas med hjälp av tvärbalkar, även utformade på CAD-programvara. Spjällenheten måste placeras om för att rymma batteripaketet. Baserat på förändringarna i fordonet bestäms nya hårda punkter för det nya styrsystemet, camber-systemet och upphängningssystemet. Baserat på de nya prestandasiffrorna som erhållits från MBD presenteras kraven för de nya elektriska styr- och camber-ställdonssystemen. Styrkan i den nya ramen testas med FEM-metoden. Spjällenhetens nya position testas för prestanda med hjälp av en MBD-programvara. I slutet av denna avhandling erhölls kraven för att utveckla den nya och förbättrade RCV, vilket möjliggjorde en mer dynamisk testning med elfordonet.
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Vilarinho, Carlyle Ramos de Oliveira. "O imposto territorial rural (ITR) no Brasil." [s.n.], 1989. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286318.
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Orientador: Jose Graziano da SilvaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-16T04:46:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vilarinho_CarlyleRamosdeOliveira_M.pdf: 7372563 bytes, checksum: 77b6813ba095229f6c9385bcaac28d96 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1989
Resumo: Não informado
Abstract: Not informed.
Mestrado
Mestre em Economia
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Ganchozo, Moncayo Martha Inés. "Yasuní-ITT initiative: a different conservation proposal." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/106749.
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Memoria (magíster en derecho internacional, inversión, comercio y arbitraje internacional)Climate change is a reality and its adverse effects are already evident. Today, it is undeniable that temperature is rising, glaciers are melting, precipitation patterns are changing, producing heavy rains and floods in some regions; and droughts and desertification in others. As a result of these alterations in the climate, natural ecosystems and human life are being affected. Awareness with regard to the negative consequences of climate changes, the international community has established specific environmental policies and concluded international agreements so as to mitigate and avoid the occurrence of these outcomes. In this respect, the most important instruments addressing this issue are United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol, which aim at limiting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from Member States through the establishment of emission reduction targets, based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. The Kyoto Protocol also created three mechanisms: The Emission Trading System (ETS), the Joint Implementation (JI) and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The first two mechanisms can be used exclusively by industrialized countries to meet their binding reduction requirements. While the CDM is the only tool for coping with climate change that allows the participation of developing and least developed countries in environmental mitigation activities. This fact is considered a limitation of the current climate regime since these countries are more vulnerable to dangerous impacts of climate change due to their economies depend greatly on the exploitation of natural resources and they have limited or no financial and technological capacity to respond effectively to this challenge.
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Bruni, Sara. "Combination of GNSS and SLR measurements : contribution to the realization of the terrestrial reference frame." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEO001/document.
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La mise en oeuvre exacte et précise du repère international de référence terrestre (ITRF) est une exigence fondamentale pour le développement des Sciences du Système Terre. La réalisation du référentiel mondial, en fait, concerne directement de nombreux domaines allant de la détermination précise des orbites des satellites, à la calibration des altimètres, à l'évaluation des étalonnages absolus d'antennes satellites pour le Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) et la validation des corrections du vecteur du centre de masse pour les véhicules spatiaux portant à bord des rétro-réflecteurs pour la technique de télémétrie laser sur satellite (SLR). En conséquence, toutes les études portant sur les mouvements de la surface de la Terre, y compris les océans et les calottes glaciaires, dépendent étroitement de la disponibilité d'un repère de référence fiable qui est fondamental pour référencer les mesures pertinentes. La réalisation de l'ITRF doit alors être périodiquement mise à jour, afin d'intégrer des nouvelles observations et progrès dans les procédures d'analyse des données et/ou des méthodes de combinaison. Toutes les nouvelles stratégies de calcul doivent viser l'amélioration de la réalisation des paramètres physiques du repère, à savoir l'origine et l'échelle, sur lesquels se fondent de façon critique un grand nombre d'études scientifiques et d'applications civiles. Ce travail se concentre sur le potentiel de combiner les observations GNSS et SLR par leur liens à bord de satellites GPS / GLONASS. En fait, les satellites GNSS équipés de rétro-réflecteurs peuvent être observés par les stations SLR, ce qui permet de déterminer les orbites des satellites à travers les deux signaux : optiques et à micro-ondes. En principe, la connexion inter-technique si réalisée pourrait être exploitée pour le calcul de l'ITRF en place des liens terrestres actuellement utilisés. Ces derniers sont connus pour être aujourd'hui un facteur limitant de la précision du repère en raison de leur distribution inhomogène et de leurs divergences avec les estimations de la géodésie spatiale en conséquence des erreurs systématiques dans les observations. Dans cette étude, la force du lien alternatif en orbite a été soigneusement analysée afin d'évaluer les performances de l'approche de combinaison sélectionnée dans les conditions opérationnelles disponibles. L'investigation porte sur la caractérisation de la précision, de la fiabilité et de la pertinence des paramètres combinés du repère de référenceThe accurate and precise implementation of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) is a fundamental requirement for the development of Earth System Sciences. The actual realization of the reference frame, in fact, directly impacts a number of different tasks ranging from precise satellite orbit determination to altimeter calibration, satellite antenna offset assessment for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and validation of center of mass corrections for spacecrafts carrying on board retro-reflectors for Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR). As a consequence, all the studies investigating motions of the Earth’s surface, including oceans and ice-sheets, strictly depend on the availability of a reliable TRF that is fundamental for geo-referencing the relevant measurements. ITRF realizations must then be periodically updated, in order to account for newly acquired observations and for upgrades in data analysis procedures and/or combination methods. Any innovative computation strategy should ameliorate the realization of the frame physical parameters, namely the origin and the scale, upon which a number of scientific applications critically rely. This work addresses the potential of combining GNSS and SLR observations via their co-location on board GPS/GLONASS satellites. GNSS vehicles equipped with retro-reflector arrays can be tracked by SLR ground stations, which allows determining the spacecraft orbits by means of both optical and microwave signals. In principle, the inter-technique connection so achieved could be exploited for the computation of the ITRF in place of terrestrial ties. These lasts are known to be currently a limiting factor of the frame accuracy because of their inhomogeneous distribution and of their discrepancies with space geodesy estimates due to technique systematic errors. In this study, the strength of the alternative link in orbit has been thoroughly investigated in order to evaluate the performances of the selected space tie approach under the available operational conditions. The analysis focuses on the characterization of the precision, the accuracy and the pertinence of the combined frame parameters
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Hardman, Alison. "Caught between theory and practice? : expert and practitioner views of the contributions made by universities and schools to initial teacher preparation in England." Thesis, University of Derby, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/618614.
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In November 2010, the coalition government published its seminal The White Paper, The Importance of Teaching. Its recommendations sought to reform Initial Teacher Training (ITT) so that more training was school-based; to create a new national network of ‘Teaching Schools’ that gave outstanding schools in England a leadership role in the initial training and professional development of teachers. This thesis critically analyses the subsequent changes in relationships and tensions between universities and schools as the reforms were implemented. The consequent increase in the number of routes into teaching, coupled with more autonomy devolved to schools in relation to Initial Teacher Preparation (ITP), has served to jeopardise university-based preparation. The changing notions of pedagogy and practice in school-led initial teacher preparation alter the significance of theory in ITP and ultimately question the future for university-led initial teacher education. What constitutes effective teacher preparation is explored through a series of semi-structured interviews drawn from a small, reputational sample across the field of education. This provides the data that reveals a contemporary dichotomy between ‘training’ and ‘education’ that challenges the relevance of a theoretically informed teacher education in favour of ‘on the job training.’ From the discussion of the contested data provided by reputational sample, an outcome of the current changes could result in a peripheral role for universities in ITP. In particular, undergraduate provision, such as the B.Ed, was threatened because it did not provide a sufficient depth of subject knowledge; a shift to post-graduate school-based preparation and a reliance on assessment-only routes renders the role of the universities defunct. The findings from the analysis of the reputational sample were further examined in the workplace through questionnaire given to academics and partnership school mentors working in delivering ITP in an East Midlands University. The tensions between ‘training’ and education and the role of universities in initial teacher preparation were mirrored by teachers and academics. In conclusion, the changes made by the coalition government have made the future of ‘teacher education’ uniquely fragile.
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LEÃO, Celina Gontijo. "ITR e IPTU : o contraste entre as finalidades sociais e a gestão praticada." Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2015. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/837.
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A tributação é uma política pública determinante para a atuação do Estado, pois as demais políticas dependem da arrecadação dela resultante. Mas a tributação não é apenas fonte de custeio para o Estado; a forma como é realizada a gestão da tributação traz consequências diversas para a sociedade, a chamada função extrafiscal do tributo. Em ambas as feições, fiscal e extrafiscal, a política de tributação está submetida aos princípios constitucionais, dentre os quais se destacam a função social da propriedade e a contribuição conforme a capacidade contributiva que têm por finalidade alcançar o objetivo estatal de construção de uma sociedade mais justa e solidária. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a qualidade da tributação brasileira sob a ótica dos tributos ITR (imposto territorial rural) e IPTU (imposto sobre a propriedade predial e territorial urbana), desde a gestão legislativa até a gestão da fiscalização e da arrecadação, para verificar se estão sendo respeitados os princípios mencionados. A hipótese levantada é que o sistema tributário brasileiro é regressivo, isto é, um sistema no qual o cidadão que possui menor capacidade financeira é taxado de forma mais penosa do que aquele que acumula patrimônio, em especial, patrimônio imobiliário, pois é cobrado proporcionalmente mais tributos sobre o consumo do que sobre a propriedade. Essa característica estaria provocando consequências extrafiscais de concentração de patrimônio e de renda e o uso improdutivo do território, consequências contrárias ao objetivo constitucional da solidariedade e da função social da propriedade. Para fazer essa análise, por meio de revisão bibliográfica, no segundo capítulo será discutida a questão pano de fundo para o objetivo do trabalho que é saber qual a relação entre Estado e propriedade privada que justifica a tributação e se esta pode conduzir à solidariedade fiscal. A depender da resposta a essa indagação, pode-se implantar uma tributação que vise apenas arrecadar, independentemente de quem paga, ou uma tributação que considere todas as implicações sociais da cobrança de tributos. No terceiro capítulo será realizado o estudo dos princípios da função social da propriedade e da capacidade contributiva, as alterações de seus significados ao longo da história, suas previsões em outros países, para chegar à interpretação desses princípios que melhor realiza os objetivos estatais constitucionais. Por fim, nos capítulos quarto e quinto serão analisados os tributos sobre o patrimônio imobiliário, ITR e IPTU, para verificar se as suas incidências, na prática, respeitam os princípios constitucionais. De todo o exposto, conclui-se que a gestão da tributação no Brasil é ineficiente, contrária aos princípios a que deve obediência, pois a tributação sobre o patrimônio imobiliário não alcança os cidadãos que realmente apresentam capacidade contributiva, além de permitir o uso especulativo do solo urbano e rural, deixando as finalidades de moradia, alimentação e equidade em segundo plano. A atual política de tributação, fortemente regressiva, contribui para o aumento da desigualdade social no país e para a ausência de cidadania tributária da população brasileira.The taxation is a crucial public policy to the performance of the State, because all other public policies depend on the revenues resulting from it. But taxation is not only the source of funding for the state; how taxation management performed brings several consequences for society, the function called extrafiscal tribute. In both features, fiscal and extrafiscal, taxation policy is subject to the constitutional principles, among which stand out the social function of property and the contribution as of the contributive ability which are intended to reach the state goal of building a society more justice and solidarity. The objective of this study is to analyze the quality of Brazilian taxation from the perspective of ITR (rural property tax) and IPTU (building and urban land ownership tax), from legislative management until the supervision and collection management, to ensure if they are respecting the principles mentioned. The hypothesis is that Brazilian tax is a regressive system, a system in which a citizen who has less financial capacity is tax more painfully than that accumulates assets, especially real estate heritage, because charges proportionately more taxes on consumption than on the property. This feature would be causing extrafiscal consequences of concentration of heritage and income and an unproductive use of land, consequences contrary to the constitutional goal of solidarity and the social function property. To do this analysis, through literature review, the second chapter will be discussed the issue backdrop for the purpose of work is to know what is the relationship between state and private ownership that justifies taxation and if this can lead to fiscal solidarity. Depending on the answer to that question, it can deploy a taxation aiming only raise, regardless of who pays, or taxation that considers all the social implications of tax collections. In the third chapter will be carried out the study of the principles of the social function of property and fiscal capacity, the changes their meanings throughout history, their predictions in others countries, to get the interpretation of these principles that better fulfills the constitutional state goals. Finally, in the fourth and fifth chapters will be reviewed taxes on real estate assets, ITR and IPTU, to check if its impact, in practice, respect the constitutional principles. From all the above, it is conclude that taxation management in Brazil is inefficient, contrary to the principles those should be obedience, because the taxation of real estate heritage does not reach the people who really have ability to pay, in addition to allowing the speculative use of urban and rural land, leaving the purposes of housing, feeding and equity in the background. The current taxation policy, highly regressive, contributes to increasing social inequality in the country and the absence of tax citizenship of the Brazilian population.
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Snowball, Lesley. "The development of a model of initial and ongoing training for the international teacher." Thesis, University of Bath, 2008. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518797.
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International schools, loosely defined as those involving students, teachers, curricula and/or languages not from the host country, form a significant sector of education worldwide, with numbers estimated at more than three thousand and predicted to grow rapidly over the next decade. Of equal significance is their role in developing students who are internationally-minded, often explicitly included in school mission statements, and increasingly accepted as a central educational imperative rather than a desirable but peripheral option. It is generally acknowledged that teacher effectiveness has a profound influence on student learning, and it follows therefore that teachers who model international-mindedness are also an important part of the equation. Yet, as the number of international schools increases, appropriately-prepared teachers are becoming increasingly scarce. This thesis identifies key issues facing international teachers, each well documented in literature and research, and increasingly evident in educational policy and strategy at national and international levels, yet found to be lacking in teacher preparation. It is my contention, therefore, that the substantial and systematic inclusion of these issues in initial teacher education programmes is absolutely essential and I investigate how the theoretical commitments of policy statements can be converted into practical provision of appropriate preparation for international teachers. By considering literature and research, survey data and anecdotal evidence from the international education community, I attempt to describe (though not define) international teachers, the international nature of the education they provide to their students, and the type of preparation they need in order to do so. Based on the key issues identified, I propose seven domains of knowledge and skills deemed essential for teacher preparation, synthesised into a potential model for systematic implementation within individual schools and programmes, or within whole educational systems at state or national level.
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Benoist, Clément. "Apport de la prise en compte de la dépendance spatiotemporelle des séries temporelles de positions GNSS à l'estimation d'un système de référence." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEO011.
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Tout positionnement global précis nécessite un repère de référence tel le repère international de référence terrestre (ITRF). La détermination de l’ITRF s’appuie sur des séries temporelles de positions d’instruments géodésiques, en particulier des stations GNSS permanentes. Les séries temporelles de positions de stations GNSS sont corrélées temporellement et spatialement. De nombreuses études ont caractérisé la dépendance temporelle de ces séries et son impact sur la détermination de repères de référence. En revanche, les corrélations spatiales (entre stations proches) des séries GNSS n’ont jusqu’à présent jamais été prises en compte dans le calcul de repères de référence. L’objectif de cette thèse est donc de proposer une méthodologie pour la prise en compte de ces corrélations spatiales et d’évaluer son apport.Les dépendances spatiales entre les séries de 195 stations GNSS sont tout d’abord évaluées à l’aide de variogrammes empiriques confirmant l’existence de corrélations jusqu’à des distances d’environ 5000 km. Des modèles de covariance exponentielle ne dépendant que de la distance inter-stations sont ajustés sur ces variogrammes empiriques.Une méthodologie basée sur un filtre de Kalman est ensuite développée pour prendre en compte les dépendances spatiales des séries GNSS dans le calcul d’un repère de référence. Trois modèles de dépendance spatiale sont proposés : un modèle ne tenant pas compte de la dépendance spatiale (cas actuel du calcul de l’ITRF), un modèle basé sur les covariances empiriques entre séries de différentes stations, et un modèle basé sur les fonctions de covariance exponentielle mentionnées ci-dessus. Ces différents modèles sont appliqués à trois jeux tests d’une dizaine de stations chacun situés en Europe, aux Caraïbes et sur la côte est des États-Unis. Les trois modèles sont évalués à l’aune d’un critère de validation croisée, c’est-à-dire sur leur capacité à prédire les positions des stations en l’absence de données. Les résultats sur les jeux tests d’Europe et des États-Unis montrent une amélioration considérable de cette capacité prédictive lorsque la dépendance spatiale des séries est prise en compte. Cette amélioration est maximale lorsque le modèle de covariance exponentielle est utilisé. L’amélioration est nettement moindre, mais toujours présente sur le jeu test des Caraïbes.Les trois modèles sont également évalués sur leur capacité à déterminer des vitesses de déplacement exactes à partir de séries temporelles de positions courtes. L’impact de la prise en compte de la dépendance spatiale des séries sur l’exactitude des vitesses estimées est significatif. Comme précédemment, l’amélioration est maximale lorsque le modèle de covariance exponentielle est utilisé.Cette thèse démontre ainsi l’intérêt de la prise en compte des dépendances spatiales entre séries GNSS pour la détermination de repères de référence. La méthodologie développée pourra être utilisée pour le calcul de futures versions de l’ITRFAny global and precise positioning requires a reference frame such as the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). The determination of the ITRF relies on the position time series of various geodetic instruments, including in particular permanent GNSS stations. GNSS station position time series are known to be temporally and spatially correlated. Many authors have studied the temporal dependency of GNSS time series and its impact on the determination of terrestrial reference frames. On the other hand, the spatial correlations (i.e., between nearby stations) of GNSS time series have so far never been taken into account in the computation of terrestrial reference frames. The objective of this thesis is therefore to develop a methodology to account for the spatial correlations of GNSS time series, and evaluate its benefits.The spatial dependencies between the position time series of 195 GNSS stations are first evaluated by means of empirical variograms, which confirm the existence of correlations up to distances of about 5000 km. Exponential covariance models, depending only on the distance between stations, are adjusted to these empirical variograms.A methodology based on a Kalman filter is then developed to take into account the spatial dependencies of GNSS time series in the computation of a terrestrial reference frame. Three models of spatial dependency are proposed: a model which does not account for the spatial dependency between GNSS time series (current case of the ITRF computation), a model based on the empirical covariances between the time series of different stations, and a model based on the exponential covariance functions mentioned above.These different models are applied to three test cases of ten stations each, located in Europe, in the Caribbean, and along the east coast of the US. The three models are evaluated with regard to a cross-validation criterion, i.e., on their capacity to predict station positions in the absence of observations. The results obtained with the Europe and US test cases demonstrate a significant improvement of this predictive capacity when the spatial dependency of the series is taken into account. This improvement is highest when the exponential covariance model is used. The improvement is much lower, but still present with the Caribbean test case.The three models are also evaluated with regard to their capacity to determine accurate station velocities from short position time series. The impact of accounting for the spatial dependency between series on the accuracy of the estimated velocities is again significant. Like previously, the improvement is highest when the exponential covariance model is used.This thesis thus demonstrates the interest of accounting for the spatial dependency of GNSS station position time series in the determination of terrestrial reference frames. The developed methodology could be used in the computation of future ITRF versions
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Beckeman, Klara. "Miljöeffekter vid ändrad ytbehandling på ITT Water & Wastewater." Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-843.
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ITT Water & Wastewater (före detta ITT Flygt) tittar på att eventuellt genomföra en förbättring av ytbehandlingen av deras pumpar för att eliminera de rostangrepp pumparna utsätts för idag. Examensarbetets uppgift är här att analysera och beskriva miljöeffekterna av de nya ytbehandlingsmetoderna som företaget undersöker.Målet med studien är att få fram ett underlag och en rekommendation om vilken ytbehandlingsmetod företaget bör välja ur miljösynpunkt.De olika metoder som studerats är:
• Järnfosfatering + ED-lackering
• Zinkmanganfosfatering + ED-lackering
• Oxsilan + ED-lackering
Dessa metoder har jämförts med nollalternativet, vilket innebär att samma metod som tillämpas idag fortsätter att användas.Miljöeffekterna som studerats för de olika metoderna är:
• utsläpp till luft och vatten
• avfall
• energi
Av de tre nya metoderna samt nollalternativet är Oxsilan följt av ED-lackering det alternativ som ger minst påverkan på miljön. Metoden har inga utsläpp av flyktiga organiska ämnen till luft, inget farligt avfall bildas och det avfall som ändå bildas är litet. Metoden har även lägre energiåtgång än de andra studerade metoderna.
2008:Nr 2 Teknik
ITT Water & Wastewater will perhaps change the surface treatment method of the pumps to improve the elimination of the rust attacks the pumps get affected by today. The task for this degree project is to analyze and describe the effects of the environment caused by the new surface treatment methods the company investigates.The aim with the project is to develop groundwork and a recommendation on which of the surface treatment ITT Water & Wastewater should choose from an environmental point of view.The methods that have been studied are:
• Iron phosphatising + electro coating
• Zinc manganese phosphatising + electro coating
• Oxsilan + electro coating
These methods have been compared to the no-action alternative, which means today’s process continuing unchanged.The studied effects on the environment of the different methods are:
• Emission to air and water
• Waste
• Energy
From the three new methods and the no-action alternative, Oxsilan followed by electro coating is the alternative that causes least effects of the environment. The method has no emissions of VOC to air, it doesn´t cause any hazardous waste and the waste created is a small amount. The energy consumption is also less than for the other studied methods.
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Pohl, Eva. "Towards Corporate Sustainable Development : The ITT Flygt Sustainability Index." Licentiate thesis, Mälardalen University, Department of Public Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-145.
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This thesis suggests a method for measurement of corporate contribution to sustainable development, looking at how well a company stands up to its policies and commitments regarding sustainable development.
A sustainability index is developed and calculated for ITT Flygt AB over a three years period (2002-2004). The index structure is based on scientific literature and interviews with ITT Flygt and four other engineering companies.
The purpose of the index is to support corporate sustainability-management.
The index is calculated by aggregating some forty sustainability-indicators. These indicators are individual to each company and are designed to measure the significant sustainability aspects of the company.
Besides from providing one aggregated sustainability-value of the company, the index also provides sub-indices, which support the interpretation of the index result.
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Arnesson, Fredrik. "Integreringsanalys av robot och arbetsstation på ITT Water & Wastewater." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Engineering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-5846.
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ITT Water & Wastewater ställer höga krav på kostnadseffektiv produktion vilket är en starkt bidragande orsak till att företaget är världsledande på sin marknad. För att erhålla kostnadseffektiv produktion har kombinationen människa robot visat sig vara framgångsrik.
Examensarbetets syfte var att ta fram underlag åt ITT Water & Wastewater för att ta beslut om frigörande av indirekt personal vid line 15:s isoleringsstation på Elmotorverkstaden. Syftets uppfyllande stöttades av de underbyggande syftena att försöka höja robotens utnyttjandegrad samt reducera isoleringsmaskinens omställningstid.
Arbetet bygger på kvalitativa och kvantitativa data i form av mätningar, intervjuer och egna observationer. Med stöd av erhållen data lyftes fyra olika förslag fram. Förslagen understryktes bland annat av integrering av arbetsmoment, förhöjd automatiseringsgrad och outsourcing.
ITT Water & Wastewater place high demands on cost-effective production which is a major contributing factor to the company enact as a world leader in its market. In order to obtain cost-effective production, the combination man robot proved to be successful.
The thesis purpose was to provide data for ITT Water & Wastewater to take decisions concerning the release of indirect staff in line 15´s isolation station at the electric motor workshop. The purpose of the implement supported by the reinforced purposes to increase the utilization of the robot and reduce the adaptation time at the isolation machine.
The work builds on qualitative and quantitative data in the shape of measurements, interviews and own observations. On the reliance of data four different suggestions were presented. The suggestions emphasized among integration of working moment, increased automation level and outsourcing.
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Rodrigues, Franco Coelho. "The tax territorial rural (ITR) how source of revenue municipal." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10178.
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nÃo hÃThe Federal Government, giving efficacy to section III of  4 of art. 153 of the Federal Constitution enacted Law No. 11,250, of december 27, 2005, which provides that the Union, through an agreement, delegate responsibility for monitoring and collection for the Municipalities and the Federal District on the Rural Land Tax (ITR). By adhering to the agreement, the cities appropriated the entire revenue of ITR, paying, however, with the cost of administering them. Without membership, municipalities receive the transfer equivalent to 50% of the proceeds. This study aims to evaluate the potential of revenue collection ITR considering various scenarios of tax administration costs, serving as a resource for decision-making of the city manager about the adherence agreement with the Union For this, we used data agricultural census 2006 for 184 municipalities in the Cearà linear regression model of OLS. As a result, it was found that characteristics such as the Gini index, the total area of establishments (crop, pasture, woods and forests, agroforestry and so residual) value of goods and livestock area of influence on the collection of ITR. It is presented as a consequence, the potential revenue collection of the tax to municipalities on the basis of the Cearà cost scenarios considered.
O Governo Federal, dando eficÃcia ao inciso III do  4 do art. 153 da ConstituiÃÃo Federal, editou a Lei n 11.250, de 27 de dezembro de 2005, que prevà a possibilidade de a UniÃo, por meio de convÃnio, delegar competÃncia de fiscalizaÃÃo e arrecadaÃÃo para os MunicÃpios e o Distrito Federal, quanto ao Imposto Territorial Rural (ITR). Ao aderirem ao convÃnio, os municÃpios apropriam a totalidade da receita de ITR, arcando, porÃm, com os custos de administrÃ-los. Sem a adesÃo, os municÃpios recebem o repasse equivalente a 50% do arrecadado. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o potencial arrecadatÃrio do ITR, considerando diversos cenÃrios de custos de administraÃÃo do tributo, servindo como subsÃdio para a tomada de decisÃo do gestor municipal acerca da adesÃo ao convÃnio com a UniÃo. Para tanto, utilizou-se dados do Censo AgropecuÃrio 2006, para os 184 municÃpios Cearenses, em modelo de regressÃo linear de mÃnimos quadrados ordinÃrios. Como resultado, constatou-se que caracterÃsticas como o Ãndice de Gini, a Ãrea total dos estabelecimentos (lavoura, pastagem, matas e florestas, sistema agroflorestal e de forma residual), valor dos bens e Ãrea de produÃÃo animal exercem influÃncia sobre a arrecadaÃÃo do ITR. Apresenta-se, como consequÃncia, o potencial arrecadatÃrio do tributo para os municÃpios Cearenses em funÃÃo dos cenÃrios de custos considerados.
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Rodrigues, Franco Coelho. "O Imposto Territorial Rural (ITR) como fonte de receita municipal." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/6313.
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RODRIGUES, Franco Coelho. O Imposto Territorial Rural (ITR) como fonte de receita municipal. 2012. 61 f. Dissertação (mestrado profissional em economia do setor público - Cariri) - Programa de Pós Graduação em Economia, CAEN, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2012.Submitted by Mônica Correia Aquino (monicacorreiaaquino@gmail.com) on 2013-10-22T20:10:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dissert_fcrodrigues.pdf: 5154015 bytes, checksum: 1549416da71e865b1a0e83d74513fb7a (MD5)
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Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-22T20:10:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dissert_fcrodrigues.pdf: 5154015 bytes, checksum: 1549416da71e865b1a0e83d74513fb7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
The Federal Government, giving efficacy to section III of § 4 of art. 153 of the Federal Constitution enacted Law No. 11,250, of december 27, 2005, which provides that the Union, through an agreement, delegate responsibility for monitoring and collection for the Municipalities and the Federal District on the Rural Land Tax (ITR). By adhering to the agreement, the cities appropriated the entire revenue of ITR, paying, however, with the cost of administering them. Without membership, municipalities receive the transfer equivalent to 50% of the proceeds. This study aims to evaluate the potential of revenue collection ITR considering various scenarios of tax administration costs, serving as a resource for decision-making of the city manager about the adherence agreement with the Union For this, we used data agricultural census 2006 for 184 municipalities in the Ceará linear regression model of OLS. As a result, it was found that characteristics such as the Gini index, the total area of establishments (crop, pasture, woods and forests, agroforestry and so residual) value of goods and livestock area of influence on the collection of ITR. It is presented as a consequence, the potential revenue collection of the tax to municipalities on the basis of the Ceará cost scenarios considered.
O Governo Federal, dando eficácia ao inciso III do § 4° do art. 153 da Constituição Federal, editou a Lei nº 11.250, de 27 de dezembro de 2005, que prevê a possibilidade de a União, por meio de convênio, delegar competência de fiscalização e arrecadação para os Municípios e o Distrito Federal, quanto ao Imposto Territorial Rural (ITR). Ao aderirem ao convênio, os municípios apropriam a totalidade da receita de ITR, arcando, porém, com os custos de administrá-los. Sem a adesão, os municípios recebem o repasse equivalente a 50% do arrecadado. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o potencial arrecadatório do ITR, considerando diversos cenários de custos de administração do tributo, servindo como subsídio para a tomada de decisão do gestor municipal acerca da adesão ao convênio com a União. Para tanto, utilizou-se dados do Censo Agropecuário 2006, para os 184 municípios Cearenses, em modelo de regressão linear de mínimos quadrados ordinários. Como resultado, constatou-se que características como o Índice de Gini, a área total dos estabelecimentos (lavoura, pastagem, matas e florestas, sistema agroflorestal e de forma residual), valor dos bens e área de produção animal exercem influência sobre a arrecadação do ITR. Apresenta-se, como consequência, o potencial arrecadatório do tributo para os municípios Cearenses em função dos cenários de custos considerados.
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Bentivegna, Lucia. "Studio delle proprietà di autoriparazione di conglomerati tiepidi mediante prove dinamiche di laboratorio." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/1044/.
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Olsson, David. "Historisk fiktion som försvar? : Ideologiskt historiebruk och politiska värderingar itre av Ivar Lo-Johanssons passionsnoveller." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4801.
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The Swedish working-class author Ivar Lo-Johansson (1901-1990) wrote a collection of one hundred short stories between the years 1968-1972. His other productions, generally speaking, have partially different social reform purposes, but, according to himself, these short stories were written with the intention to be totally free of tendencies (even though he himself doubted that he succeeded with this).
During the same period that these short stories were published, the Swedish social democrats were under the challenge of radical movements that, mainly on the radical left’s ideological foundation, had a relatively strong influence in Sweden, among other countries, from the mid 1960’s to the late 1970’s. Since Lo-Johansson mainly seemed to have supported the politics of the social democrats, the purpose of the investigation in this thesis has been to see if he – in the three short stories: Vikingakärlek (1970), Rikslögnaren (1971) and Ansgars resa till Sverige (1972) – is conveying an ideological use of history and basic political values that were used by the social democratic party during this time period. I have also tried to conclude if he is refuting ideas that two of the radical movements, in different ways, were using to challenge the social democracy of that time. These two movements are 1) the new left and 2) radical feminism. The new left opposed, among other things, parliamentary democracy and promoted a revolution. Radical feminism instead challenged social democracy by emphasizing the private sphere as a central cause for the continuing submission of women in society, something that previous to this movement had been neglected. More specifically I have tried to map out if the new left’s ideological use of history and some of its foundational political values are refuted, and if radical feminism’s explanation for the cause of female submission is confuted.
My conclusions are that Lo-Johansson, in the three short stories, verified the legitimacy of social democracy’s ideological use of history and foundational political values, and, at the same time, he repudiated the new left’s ideological use of history and foundational political values. His view of the cause of women’s submission in society is more ambivalent. In one of his short stories he seemed to be pointing at biological causes, which, among other things, contributed to the legitimacy of the gender system that was a part of social democratic politics, mainly up to the 1960’s. In the other two short stories it instead seemed that he agreed with radical feminism’s ideas of patriarchy as the cause, even though it is not clear if he truly agreed that this system needed to be abolished.
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Källberg, Lisette, and Helny Malmborg. "Ledarskapet som skapar komplex(itet) för rektorn : En studie om rektorns professionella och administrativa roll." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för vård, arbetsliv och välfärd, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-127.
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Enligt skollagen ska rektorn vara huvudansvarig för sin skolverksamhet. I uppdraget ingår administrativa uppgifter och pedagogiskt ledarskap, vilket innebär att rektorn har två skilda logiker att hantera, managerialism och professionalism. Den kvalitativa undersökningen fokuserar därmed på hur det pedagogiska ledarskapet ska utövas parallellt med administrativa uppgifter där ekonomiska styrförutsättningar skiljer kommunala och fristående verksamheter åt. Pedagogiskt ledarskap ska leda till goda studieresultat hos eleverna och anses därför som viktigt. Direkt forskning om rektorns delade ledarskap har inte skett inom skolvärden men däremot inom sjukvården som har flera likheter till skolverksamhetens organisation. Inom sjukvården har professionalism och managerialism, i en så kallad hybridroll, ansetts svår för en person att klara, vilket är detsamma för rektorn. Utifrån detta undersöktes ifall det var möjligt för två personer att dela lika på rollen som rektor, ett så kallat samledarskap. Dock går det inte enligt lag att genomföra då varje skolverksamhet endast får ha en ordinarie rektor. Inslag av samledarskap kan däremot appliceras som en lösning för rektorn, genom att exempelvis delegera uppgifter till en biträdande rektor.I och med att ledningsgrupperna ser olika ut samt har olika styrförutsättningar har även utfallet blivit olika i de olika skolformerna. Inom den kommunala skolverksamheten har rektorn kunnat utöva mer pedagogiskt ledarskap då det i regel funnits en eller flera biträdande rektorer att samarbeta med och delegera administrativa uppgifter till. Detta tillskillnad från rektorer i fristående skolverksamheter som generellt är ensamma i ledningsgruppen. I de fall då rektorn är ensam i ledningen borde det därför vara bra att se över möjligheter för att tillsätta en biträdande rektor i ledningsgruppen för att verka som avlastning. Tillsättande av en biträdande rektor skulle underlätta rektorns arbete men då de fristående skolverksamheterna har ett bestående krav på att inte överskrida budgeten begränsas möjligheten att i varje enskilt fall tillsätta en biträdande rektor.According to the Swedish school law, the principal is in charge for the school organization. The task includes administrative tasks and pedagogical leadership, which means that the headmaster has two distinct logics to deal with, managerialism and professionalism. The qualitative methodology study is focusing on the pedagogical leadership that must be exercised in parallel with administrative tasks where economic regulatory conditions are significant and differ between public and independent school activities. Pedagogical leadership should lead to good outcomes for the students and is therefore considered important. There has been no direct research concerning the principal's shared leadership within the school system but a lot of research within healthcare can be applied in this area since healthcare has several similarities to the school organization. A so-called hybrid role has within healthcare been considered difficult for one person to manage. In this role, professionalism and managerialism are combined which can be linked to the principal’s role where both logics have to be handled by one person. Based on this this study will examine whether it is possible for two people to share the role of the principal equally, a so-called shared leadership. However, it is not required by law to implement this solution when every school organization may only have one regular principal. Elements of shared leadership can, however, be applied as a solution for the principal, for example by delegating tasks to an assistant principal.Since the management teams are controlled differently the outcome has been various in diverse school systems. The principal of the public school has been able to practice more pedagogical leadership since there normally exist one or several assistant principals to whom they can delegate administrative tasks. This is different from principals in independent school organizations, which generally are alone in the management team. In cases where the principal is alone in the leadership, it should be useful to see whether there are opportunities to appoint an assistant principal to join the management team to ease the burden. The appointment of an assistant principal would facilitate the principals' work, but because of the independent schools’ permanent requirement not to exceed the budget, the possibility is limited to assign an assistant principal in each individual case.This study is written in Swedish
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Seglert, Christian, and Emma Lundberg. "Projektkommunikationför Framgångsrik Produktutveckling : - Utveckling av en Projektöversikt på ITT W&WW." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-40029.
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SammanfattningDe flesta företag som arbetar med produktutveckling idag använder sig av någon form avproduktutvecklings-process. Även om en process är mycket användbar, så garanterar inte den enframgångsrik produktutveckling. En av de viktigaste aspekterna i projektarbete ochproduktutveckling är kommunikation – hur projektmedlemmar utbyter information medvarandra. En framgångsrik produktutveckling är svår att uppnå utan effektivprojektkommunikation.Temat för den här uppsatsen är baserad på denna bakgrund. De frågor som ska besvaras är: Vilkaproblem finns i produktutvecklings-projekten idag? Hur är de relaterade till kommunikation?Hur kan kommunikationen förbättras för att lösa dessa problem? För att svara på dessa frågor haren fallstudie på produktutvecklings-företaget ITT Water and Wastewater genomförts. Genom 37intervjuer har data rörande företagets kommunikationsmetoder och utvecklingsprocess insamlats.Dessutom har teorier på samma studerats. Tillsammans bildar de basen till examensarbetetsanalys.Den empiriska datainsamlingen visade på problem i utvecklingsprocessen: brister i utvärderingarav projekt, långa utvecklingstider, projekt med för svag marknadsorientering och beslut tagnabaserade på otillräcklig information. De två sistnämnda har identifierats att vara beroende avkommunikationen i processen.Vidare visade studien att en projektöversikt skulle lösa dessa problem. Som resultat harförfattarna skapat en utformning av denna projektöversikt. Fastän brister i kommunikation inte ärden enda anledningen till de identifierade problemen, tror författarna att den framtagnaprojektöversikten kommer att avstyra dem. Då det finns stora likheter i hur produktutvecklingutförs på olika företag idag, anses resultatet vara överförbart även till andra organisationer.AbstractThe majority of companies working with new product development today are using a productdevelopment process. Although very helpful, a process will not guarantee successful productdevelopment. One of the most important aspects to consider in projects and product developmentis communication - how project members exchange information with one another. Successfulproduct development is hard to achieve without efficient project communication.This master thesis is based on the previously mentioned background. The questions to beanswered are: What problems exist within product development projects? How are these relatedto communication? How can communication be improved to solve them? To answer thesequestions, a case study at the product development company ITT Water and Waste Water wascarried out. By conducting 37 interviews, data regarding the company’s communication anddevelopment process has been collected. In addition, theories regarding project development andcommunication are researched. Together, theses constitute the basis for the thesis analysis.The empirical research showed that there indeed exist problems in the case company’sdevelopment process: a lack of project evaluation, too development times, a lack of marketorientation, and decisions being made without sufficient information. The later two where foundclosely dependent on communication.Further research showed that introducing a project overview would solve these problems. As afinal conclusion, a layout of the proposed project overview was introduced. Even thoughinsufficient communication is not believed to be the only cause for the identified problems, theauthors believe that the project overview would in part solve them. Since there are largesimilarities in how product development is carried out at different companies, the findings aremost likely transferable to other organizations.
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Arantes, Fernanda Teodoro. "ITR: análise da norma de incidência, de isenção e dos deveres instrumentais." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21713.
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The present work intends to investigate the standard of incidence of rural territorial tax, exemption and instrumental duties. To do so, we first draw the method used for the elaboration of the work, as that of semantic logical constructivism, we establish premises and clarify fundamental concepts defining them. We address the criteria of the tax incidence rule-array, delving deeper into its general theory to apply to the construction of the rule-array of tax incidence of the rural territorial tax. When constructing this norm of behavior, we have made a split between the fiscal and extra-fiscal rules, in order to analyze carefully all its structure. We find a very complex tax, in the construction of all its criteria from the antecedent of the norm, which are: material (concept of property and rural property), spatial (between destination and location) and temporal, as well as (passive and active) (quantitative or not) and quantitative (exemption, non-incidence, principle of contributory capacity, isonomy, non-confiscation). The division of the norm of behavior allowed us to verify the strict relation of the extrafiscal tax rate with the materiality that authorizes it, what is the exercise of the social function. The analysis of the exemption rules led us to also investigate the institute of non-incidence and its application in this tax, as well as to observe its structure as a standard of structure. The duties of presenting the ADA, CAR, and registering the legal reserve in enrollment, instigated us to classify them as instrumental duties of the exemption rules, which had repercussions in the analysis of the imposed sanction. We conclude with the analysis of some practical cases, such as the incidence of ITR in the areas of mineral exploration, landfill and embargoed for any activity by competent agent. To conclude we made our final considerations exploring the main constructions realized on the subject
O presente trabalho foi realizado com intuito de investigar a norma de incidência do imposto territorial rural, de isenção e dos deveres instrumentais. Primeiramente foi traçado o método utilizado para a elaboração do trabalho – o constructivismo-lógico semântico – firmadas premissas e esclarecidos conceitos fundamentais. Foram abordados os critérios da regra-matriz de incidência tributária, com aprofundamento na sua teoria geral para aplicação à construção da regra-matriz de incidência tributária do imposto territorial rural. Quando da construção dessa norma de comportamento, foi feita uma cisão entre a norma fiscal e extrafiscal pra a análise cuidadosa de toda sua estrutura. Ao longo da pesquisa, foi descoberto um tributo muito complexo, na construção de todos os seus critérios, desde os do antecedente da norma, quais sejam: material (conceito de propriedade e de imóvel rural), espacial (entre a destinação e a localização) e temporal, como também os do consequente da norma: pessoal (sujeição passiva e ativa (parafiscalidade ou não) e quantitativo (isenção, não incidência, princípio da capacidade contributiva, isonomia, não confisco). A cisão da norma de comportamento permitiu verificar a estrita relação da alíquota extrafiscal com a materialidade que lhe autoriza, qual seja o exercício da função social. A análise das normas de isenção levou a pesquisa a investigar também o instituto da não incidência e sua aplicação neste imposto, além de observar sua estrutura como norma de estrutura. Os deveres da apresentação do ADA, CAR, e averbação da reserva legal na matrícula, instigou esta investigação a classificá-los como deveres instrumentais das normas isentivas, o que repercutiu na análise da sanção imposta. Ao final, são analisados alguns casos práticos, como a incidência do ITR nas áreas de exploração mineral, de aterro sanitário e embargadas para qualquer atividade por agente competente. Para concluir, a dissertação traz nossas considerações finais explorando as principais construções realizadas sobre o tema
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Vidumsky, John E. "From Inzhener to ITR: Russian Engineers and the First Five-Year Plan." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/117912.
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HistoryM.A.
The Russian engineering corps was almost completely transformed during the first five-year plan, which ran from 1928-1932. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the nature of that change, and the forces that drove it. In this paper, I will argue that the corps was transformed in four fundamental ways: class composition, skill level, role in production, and political orientation. This paper begins by examining the old engineering corps on the eve of the first five year plan. Specifically, it examines Russian engineers as a subgroup of the intelligentsia, and how that problematized their relationship with power. I next examine how the Soviet government forcibly reshaped the engineering corps by pressure from above, specifically by a combination of state terror and worker-promotion campaigns. These two phenomena were closely intertwined. Along with collectivization and crash industrialization, they were part of the "Cultural Revolution" that reshaped Russian society in this period. I next examine how the campaign of terror against engineers was used by Stalin and his camp for political gain on a variety of fronts. Lastly, I will examine how engineers became part of the Soviet elite after 1931. For sources, I rely especially on the correspondence between Stalin, Kaganovich, and Molotov, which was published in the Yale University Annals of Communism series. I also draw heavily on The Harvard Refugee Interview Project, memoirs, and the collected works of Joseph Stalin.
Temple University--Theses
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San, Lucas Ceballos Malka Andrea. "Los derechos de los pueblos indígenas ante la explotación petrolera del Yasuní-ITT." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/380742.
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El Yasuní, és l'àrea protegida més gran de l'Equador continental i una de les zones de major diversitat genètica del planeta. A més, és la llar de diversos pobles indígenes, entre ells pobles en aïllament voluntari. Així mateix, és un espai sotmès a l'extracció petroliera ja que se situa en una zona estratègica per l'Equador en matèria energètica. L'Estat, en el seu afany de satisfer la necessitat energètica i sostenir les finances i l'economia nacional, promou l'aprofitament de recursos naturals no renovables com el petroli, la qual cosa ha implicat no solament degradacions ambientals en tot el país, sinó també afectacions directes als drets dels pobles indígenes, per la coincidència de zones mega diverses i territoris indígenes amb les instal•lacions petrolieres.
En aquest context, el 2007 va sorgir la Iniciativa Yasuní-ITT, que buscava, entre altres objectius, respectar el territori de les comunitats indígenes que viuen al Yasuní abstenint-se d’explotar les reserves petrolieres del bloc ITT per temps indefinit. No obstant això, aquesta Iniciativa va finalitzar el 2013 al no complir-se amb els objectius econòmics previstos per tal què la seva execució fos viable.
La present tesi explora la relació existent a l’Equador entre explotació petroliera i drets dels pobles indígenes, concretament al Yasuní i més específicament davant la decisió d'explotació del bloc ITT. Mitjançant l'estudi del marc jurídic nacional i internacional dels drets dels pobles indígenes es busca determinar la seva situació jurídica per així establir si l'explotació del ITT posa en risc la seva supervivència física i cultural o interfereix amb els seus drets, tals com el dret a la propietat, a la participació, a la consulta i els drets específics dels pobles en aïllament voluntari. A més de considerar de manera general les implicacions per a la resta dels equatorians.El Yasuní es el área protegida más grande del Ecuador continental y una de las zonas de mayor diversidad genética del planeta. Además, es el hogar de varios pueblos indígenas, entre ellos, pueblos en aislamiento voluntario. Asimismo, es un espacio sometido a la extracción petrolera por encontrarse ubicado en una zona estratégica para el Ecuador en materia energética. El Estado en su afán de satisfacer la necesidad energética y sostener las finanzas y la economía nacional, promueve el aprovechamiento de recursos naturales no renovables como el petróleo, lo que ha implicado no solo degradaciones ambientales en todo el país sino también afectaciones directas a los derechos de los pueblos indígenas, por la coincidencia de zonas mega diversas y territorios indígenas con las instalaciones petroleras. En este contexto surgió en 2007 la Iniciativa Yasuní-ITT, que buscaba entre otros objetivos, respetar el territorio de las comunidades indígenas que viven en el Yasuní mediante la abstención de explotación de las reservas petroleras del bloque ITT por tiempo indefinido. No obstante, dicha Iniciativa finalizó en 2013 al no cumplirse con los objetivos económicos previstos para que su ejecución fuera viable. La presente tesis explora la relación existente en Ecuador entre explotación petrolera y derechos de los pueblos indígenas, concretamente en el Yasuní y más específicamente ante la decisión de explotación del bloque ITT. Mediante el estudio del marco jurídico nacional e internacional de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas se busca determinar su situación jurídica para así establecer si la explotación del ITT pone en riesgo su supervivencia física y cultural o interfiere con sus derechos, tales como el derecho a la propiedad, a la participación, a la consulta y los derechos específicos de los pueblos en aislamiento voluntario. Además de considerar de manera general las implicaciones para el resto de los ecuatorianos también.
Yasuní is the largest protected area of continental Ecuador and one of the world’s greatest genetically diverse areas. It is also home to several indigenous peoples, including those in voluntary isolation. At the same time it is an area subject to oil extraction since it is located in a zone considered strategic for Ecuador’s energy sector. On its effort to meet its energy needs and sustaining its finances and the country’s economy, the State encourages the use of the non-renewable natural resources such as oil, situation that has led not only to environmental degradation all over the country but has also had effects on the rights of indigenous populations, as mega diverse areas and indigenous territories often coincide with oil extraction facilities. It is within this context that in 2007 the Yasuní-ITT Initiative was launched. Among others, one of the objectives of the Initiative was to respect the territories of the indigenous communities that inhabit the Yasuní by leaving the oil reserves in the ITT oil block underground indefinitely. Nevertheless, this Initiative was abandoned in 2013 after not meeting the established economic goals required for its implementation to be feasible. This thesis explores the relationship between oil exploitation and indigenous peoples’ rights in Ecuador, particularly in the Yasuní and more specifically in relation with the decision of exploiting the ITT oil block. By studying the international and national legal frameworks of the rights of indigenous peoples we intend to determine their legal status in order to establish whether the ITT exploitation jeopardizes their physical and cultural survival or interferes with their rights, such as property right, the right to participate, to be consulted and the specific rights of peoples in voluntary isolation. Plus, we will also take into account the general implications for the rest of the Ecuadorians.
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Dyar, Joel. "Before its time? : a case study and lessons of the Yasuní-ITT initiative." Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18703.
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Masters in ScienceDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional & Community Planning
Stephanie A. Rolley
This case study considers the lessons of Ecuador’s Yasuní-ITT initiative for future climate change policy and international conservation and development efforts. A comprehensive post-cancellation history of the initiative and background information regarding key domestic and international actors and institutions is presented in the Literature Review. Documents identified from LexisNexis and Google searches are analyzed to identify seven narratives of the initiative’s failure, which provide a basis for the suggestion of lessons. Questions regarding supply-side climate policy opportunities and challenges are explored. The initiative’s political mismanagement, design omissions and insufficient domestic political efforts, and a lack of contribution incentives are identified as the key causes of failure. The author concludes that the initiative’s supply-side model of shared sacrifices has the potential to align developed and developing country needs in support of greenhouse gas emissions reduction goals while addressing the difficulties posed by an emergent political economy of developing world resource extractivism in Ecuador and elsewhere. Future research regarding supply-side climate policies is suggested.
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Munghemezulu, Cilence. "Determination of geodetic velocity field parameters for the African tectonic plate using the technique of Global Navigation Satellite Systems." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40360.
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Space geodesy is one of the disciplines that contributes uniquely to the global society; its applications have grown to such an extent that system Earth is better understood today. The current accuracy of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technique is below centimetre level and this allows very accurate determination of velocity field parameters. This study focused on utilizing GNSS to determine the inter-continental plate velocity field for Africa in support of the African Geodetic Reference Frame (AFREF). Data spanning 12.4 years were processed in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF2008) using GAMIT/GLOBK 10.4 (developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Primarily, processing of data focused on International GNSS Service (IGS) stations with a few non-IGS stations (which are of geodetic quality) included, such as Hamburg (HAMB) and Matjiesfontein (MATJ). The same data set was analysed using the Combination and Analyses of Terrestrial Reference Frame (CATREF) software developed at Institut National de l’Information Géographique et Forestière (IGN). Validation of the results was achieved through comparison of the velocity solution from this study with a solution obtained from a core of IGS GNSS stations processed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). No significant differences were evident between the GAMIT/GLOBK 10.4, CATREF and JPL solutions. The results from the Matjiesfontein station indicated that the proposed Matjiesfontein Observatory site shows no significant vertical or horizontal local motion; this information is valuable in that there is no obvious local site instability. The velocity field as derived by GNSS displays no unexpected deviations and supports current understanding of the motion of the Nubian, Somalian and Arabian plates. Furthermore, the comparison of the velocity vectors derived from the IGS station HRAO, Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) MOBLAS-6 station and 26 m Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) telescope, which are collocated at the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory (HartRAO) indicated good agreement and both techniques exhibit no significant vertical motion. This study also contributed to the first computation of the AFREF solution. It is envisaged that as more stations are added to the sparsely distributed current network, more accurate results and better tectonic models can be derived. The availability of station velocities will facilitate adjustments within the AFREF.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology
unrestricted
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Svensson, Martina, and Nina Fält. "Förenkling och säkring av materialstyrning : En studie på produktverkstad B, ITT Water & Wastewater." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-5978.
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Gower, N. J. D. "Studies on the regulation and function of the itr-1 gene in Caenorhabditis elegans." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599581.
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Conservation in genomic structure of itr-1 and the Caenorhabditis briggsae orthologue of itr-1, Chitr-1, was used to confirm that itr-1 has three promoters, termed pA, pB and pC. Promoter fusions to GFP were used to demonstrate that each promoter drives tissue-specific expression of ITR-1. Synteny between itr-1 and Chitr-1 sequences identified conserved boxes within each promoter and those in promoter pA were assayed for their role as regulatory factor binding sites. The results showed that certain boxes contained the information for cell-specific expression of itr-1. One such box termed C1-C2, which is responsible for itr-1 expression in the pharyngeal terminal bulb and rectal epithelial cells, was used to identify PHA-4 a member of the forkhead/HNF-3 family of transcription factors as a key regulator of itr-1 expression. PHA-4 binds to a site within C1-C2 with high affinity and removal of this site from the promoter pA reporter construct removes expression in the pharyngeal terminal bulb. Knockdown of itr-1 by RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) identified a role for ITR-1 in the up-regulation of pharyngeal pumping in response to food. It was also used to confirm the role of ITR-1 in defecation, ovulation and ventral enclosure. Cell specific expression of a dominant-negative IP3 'sponge' directed by the three itr-1 promoters was used to further dissect these functions. RNAi or itr-1 in males identified a significant role for ITR-1 in male fertility. Defects were identified in male turning ability and rate of spicule insertion however the most striking defect was their inability to transfer sperm into the hermaphrodite. The expression patterns in males directed by the three itr-1 promoters were characterised and based on these and the RNAi results predictions were made regarding potential roles of ITR-1 in male specific structures.
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Vallejo, José Luis. "La dette écologique dans l'analyse économique. Le cas du projet Yasuni-ITT en Équateur." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV038.
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L’objectif de cette recherche est d’analyser et représenter la dette écologique, puis l’évaluer, dans le cadre du projet Yasuni en Equateur. A présent, il n’y a pas de consensus sur la formalisation d’une définition standard, dont il ressort la nécessité de délimiter la signification du concept de dette écologique, à l’aide d’une définition de travail. A cet égard, il nous semble adéquat de reprendre la proposition faite par Erik Paredis. Celle-ci permet de moduler sa portée en fonction de chaque cas étudié, ainsi que de considérer les débiteurs écologiques à une échelle spatiale ou temporelle.Le défi porte sur la possibilité de construire un cadre analytique adéquat à la problématique du projet Yasuni, en particulier quant à l’extraction de pétrole. Ainsi, nous nous concentrerons d'abord sur la caractérisation de la notion de dette écologique sous l'angle de la justice environnementale. Pour cela, il a été envisagé de reprendre les travaux menés par le projet EJOLT, puis de l'articuler dans le cadre du système monde, en concevant la dette écologique comme un processus cumulatif d'injustices environnementales.En ce qui concerne l'évaluation, cette recherche est fondée sur la méthode d'analyse multicritères, notamment celle proposée par REEDS et la plateforme Eplanete. On procède dans un premier temps à la représentation de la dette écologique dans le cadre du projet équatorien Yasuni, à l’aide d’un ensemble de théories, puis à son évaluation avec l'outil matrice de délibération proposant une liste d’indicateurs associés à chaque théorie, en tenant compte des critères et de la typologie des inégalités et des principes de la justice environnementale.De même, une analyse est faite des évaluations et des méthodes ainsi utilisées pour les comparer à la proposition du présent travail. Le processus de délibération semble conforter l’idée selon laquelle, dans le cas du projet Yasuni, des injustices environnementales sont générées, qui ne sont ni récompensées, ni restituées avec le temps, ce qui accroît la dette écologique qui en résulteThe objective of this research is to analyze and represent the ecological debt, and then to estimate it, within the framework of the project Yasuni in Ecuador. As there is currently is no consensus on the formalization of a standard definition, it highlights the necessity of bounding the meaning of the concept of ecological debt by using a working definition. In this respect, it seems appropriate to implement the proposal made by Erik Paredis. This allows to modulate its scope according to each case studied as well as to consider ecological debtors on a spatial or temporal scale.The challenge lies in the possibility of constructing an adequate analytical framework for the Yasuni project, particularly with regard to oil extraction. Thus, we will first focus on the characterization of the notion of ecological debt from the perspective of environmental justice. For that, consideration was given to building on the work carried out by the EJOLT project, then to articulating it within the framework of the world system, by conceiving the ecological debt as a cumulative process of environmental injustices. For that, we considered to take in account the work carried out by the EJOLT project, then to articulate it within the framework of the world system, by conceiving the ecological debt as a cumulative process of environmental injustices.As far as evaluation is concerned, this study is based on the multicriteria analysis method, especially that proposed by REEDS and the Eplanete platform. Firstly, we proceed to representation of the ecological debt in the context of the Ecuadorian Yasuni project, using a set of theories, and then evaluating it with the deliberation matrix tool which proposes a list of indicators associated with each theory, taking into account the criteria and the typology of inequalities and principles of environmental justice.Similarly, an analysis is made of the evaluations and methods thus used to compare them with the proposal in this study. The deliberation process seems to support the idea that, in the case of the Yasuni project, environmental injustices are generated, that are neither rewarded nor restored over time, thereby increasing the resulting ecological debt
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Teixeira, Paula Rezende. "Identificação e caracterização de elementos de transposição no genoma de Rhynchosciara." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-12062008-100547/.
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Os elementos de transposição são seqüências discretas que são capazes de mover- se de um lócus para outro, constituindo uma parte significante do genoma de eucariotos. São agrupados em duas classes principais, os elementos da Classe I, que se transpõem via um intermediário de RNA (retrotransposon), e os elementos da Classe II, que se transpõem via mecanismo de DNA do tipo corta e cola (transposon). A análise das seqüências de um banco de cDNA construído com RNA mensageiro da glândula salivar de Rhynchosciara americana mostrou a presença de representantes das duas classes de elementos. Nesse trabalho caracteriza-se quarto elementos de transposição tipo mariner, onde as seqüências consenso de nucleotídeos foram derivadas de múltiplas cópias defectivas contendo deleções, mudança no quadro de leitura e códons de terminação. Ramar1, um elemento full-length e Ramar2 um elemento defectivo que contém uma deleção na região interna da ORF da transposase, mas mantém e as extremidades intactas. Ramar3 e Ramar4 são elementos defectivos que apresentam muitas deleções no interior da ORF. As seqüências preditas das transposases demostraram que Ramar1 e Ramar2 estão filogeneticamente muito próximos dos elementos mariner da subfamília mauritiana. Enquanto, Ramar3 e Ramar4 pertencem às subfamílias mellifera e irritans, respectivamente. Hibridização in situ mostrou que Ramar1 localiza-se em muitas regiões do cromossomo, principalmente na heterocromatina pericentromérica, enquanto Ramar2 aparece em uma única banda no cromossomo A. Resultado ainda mais curioso foi a caracterização molecular de um elemento de retrotransposição, denominado RaTART, que provavelmente é o responsável pela reconstituição telomérica em R.americana, assim como os elementos TART, HeT-A e TAHRE de Drosophila. Experimentos de Southern Blots do retroelemento RaTART indicam que este está representado por seqüências repetidas no genoma de R.americana, enquanto que Northern Blots mostraram uma expressão em diferentes estágios do desenvolvimento e o transcrito de alto peso molecular detectado representa o retrotransposon non-LTR inteiro. Enquanto a localização cromossômica de RaTART por hibridização in situ mostrou uma marcação predominante nas extremidades dos cromossomos, indicando possivelmente o primeiro elemento de transposição descrito em R.americana com função definida na estrutura do cromossomo. O último retrotransposon, identificado nesse projeto, presente no genoma de R.americana, denominado R2Ra, foi isolado a partir de uma varredura em um banco genômico construído no bacteriófago lambda dash usando como sonda o recombinante pRa1.4 que contém a unidade de repetição do rDNA. A análise da seqüência mostrou a presença de regiões conservadas, como o domínio de transcriptase reversa e o motivo zinc finger na região amino-terminal. O sítio de inserção no gene 28S do rDNA é altamente conservado em R.americana e a análise filogenética mostrou que este elemento pertence ao grupo R2. A localização cromossômica confirma que o elemento móvel R2Ra se insere em um sítio específico no gene rDNA.Transposable elements are discrete sequences that are able to move from one locus to another within the genome, constituting a significant part of eukaryotic genome. They are grouped into two main types, Class I elements transpose via an RNA intermediate (retrotransposon), and Class II elements transpose via a DNA \"cut-and-paste\" mechanism (transposons). The analysis of sequences of a cDNA bank constructed from mRNA of the salivary glands of Rhynchosciara americana showed the presence of putative types of two classes elements. In the present thesis we describe four mariner elements, where the nucleotides consensus sequences were derived from multiple defective copies containing deletions, frame shifts and stop codons. Ramar1, a full-length element and Ramar2 is a defective mariner element that contains a deletion overlapping most of the internal region of the transposase ORF and the extremities of the element maintain intact. Ramar3 e Ramar4 are defective mariner element that were impossible to predict a complete ORF. Predicted transposase sequences demonstrated that Ramar1 and Ramar2 are phylogenetically very close to mariner-like elements of mauritiana subfamily. However, Ramar3 and Ramar4 belong to mellifera and irritans subfamilies, respectively. In situ hybridisations showed Ramar1 localized in several chromosome regions, mainly in pericentromeric heterochromatin and their boundaries, while Ramar2 appeared as a single band in chromosome A. More interesting data were the molecular characterization of the non-LTR retrotransposon element, called as RaTART, that probably is the responsible by telomeric reconstruction in R.americana, as well as the telomeric retrotransposable elements TART, Het-A and TAHRE of Drosophila. Southern blot analysis indicated that this transposable element is represented by repeat sequences in the genome of R. americana, and Northern blot analysis showed a expression in different developmental stages and the transcript of high molecular mass detected represents the full-length non-LTR retrotransposon. However, the chromosomal localization of the retroelement by in situ hybridisation showed a labelling predominant on chromosome ends, indicating possibly the first transposable element described in R.americana with a defined role in chromosome structure. The last retrotransposon, identified in this project, present in the genome of Rhynchosciara americana, called R2Ra, was isolated from screening of a lambda dash genomic library using as probe the recombinant pRa1.4 of rDNA. The analysis of sequence showed the presence of conserved regions, like transcriptase reverse domain and zinc finger motif in the amino terminal region. The insertion site is high conserved in R.americana and a phylogenetic analysis showed that this element belongs to the R2 clade. The chromosomal localization confirm that the R2Ra mobile element insert into the site specific in rDNA gene.
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Benoist, Clément. "Prise en compte de la dépendance spatiotemporale des séries temporelles de coordonnées GNSS pour une meilleure détermination des plaques tectoniques majeures par rapport au centre de la Terre." Thesis, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEO011/document.
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Tout positionnement global précis nécessite un repère de référence tel le repère international de référence terrestre (ITRF). La détermination de l’ITRF s’appuie sur des séries temporelles de positions d’instruments géodésiques, en particulier des stations GNSS permanentes. Les séries temporelles de positions de stations GNSS sont corrélées temporellement et spatialement. De nombreuses études ont caractérisé la dépendance temporelle de ces séries et son impact sur la détermination de repères de référence. En revanche, les corrélations spatiales (entre stations proches) des séries GNSS n’ont jusqu’à présent jamais été prises en compte dans le calcul de repères de référence. L’objectif de cette thèse est donc de proposer une méthodologie pour la prise en compte de ces corrélations spatiales et d’évaluer son apport.Les dépendances spatiales entre les séries de 195 stations GNSS sont tout d’abord évaluées à l’aide de variogrammes empiriques confirmant l’existence de corrélations jusqu’à des distances d’environ 5000 km. Des modèles de covariance exponentielle ne dépendant que de la distance inter-stations sont ajustés sur ces variogrammes empiriques.Une méthodologie basée sur un filtre de Kalman est ensuite développée pour prendre en compte les dépendances spatiales des séries GNSS dans le calcul d’un repère de référence. Trois modèles de dépendance spatiale sont proposés : un modèle ne tenant pas compte de la dépendance spatiale (cas actuel du calcul de l’ITRF), un modèle basé sur les covariances empiriques entre séries de différentes stations, et un modèle basé sur les fonctions de covariance exponentielle mentionnées ci-dessus. Ces différents modèles sont appliqués à trois jeux tests d’une dizaine de stations chacun situés en Europe, aux Caraïbes et sur la côte est des États-Unis. Les trois modèles sont évalués à l’aune d’un critère de validation croisée, c’est-à-dire sur leur capacité à prédire les positions des stations en l’absence de données. Les résultats sur les jeux tests d’Europe et des États-Unis montrent une amélioration considérable de cette capacité prédictive lorsque la dépendance spatiale des séries est prise en compte. Cette amélioration est maximale lorsque le modèle de covariance exponentielle est utilisé. L’amélioration est nettement moindre, mais toujours présente sur le jeu test des Caraïbes.Les trois modèles sont également évalués sur leur capacité à déterminer des vitesses de déplacement exactes à partir de séries temporelles de positions courtes. L’impact de la prise en compte de la dépendance spatiale des séries sur l’exactitude des vitesses estimées est significatif. Comme précédemment, l’amélioration est maximale lorsque le modèle de covariance exponentielle est utilisé.Cette thèse démontre ainsi l’intérêt de la prise en compte des dépendances spatiales entre séries GNSS pour la détermination de repères de référence. La méthodologie développée pourra être utilisée pour le calcul de futures versions de l’ITRFAny global and precise positioning requires a reference frame such as the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). The determination of the ITRF relies on the position time series of various geodetic instruments, including in particular permanent GNSS stations. GNSS station position time series are known to be temporally and spatially correlated. Many authors have studied the temporal dependency of GNSS time series and its impact on the determination of terrestrial reference frames. On the other hand, the spatial correlations (i.e., between nearby stations) of GNSS time series have so far never been taken into account in the computation of terrestrial reference frames. The objective of this thesis is therefore to develop a methodology to account for the spatial correlations of GNSS time series, and evaluate its benefits.The spatial dependencies between the position time series of 195 GNSS stations are first evaluated by means of empirical variograms, which confirm the existence of correlations up to distances of about 5000 km. Exponential covariance models, depending only on the distance between stations, are adjusted to these empirical variograms.A methodology based on a Kalman filter is then developed to take into account the spatial dependencies of GNSS time series in the computation of a terrestrial reference frame. Three models of spatial dependency are proposed: a model which does not account for the spatial dependency between GNSS time series (current case of the ITRF computation), a model based on the empirical covariances between the time series of different stations, and a model based on the exponential covariance functions mentioned above.These different models are applied to three test cases of ten stations each, located in Europe, in the Caribbean, and along the east coast of the US. The three models are evaluated with regard to a cross-validation criterion, i.e., on their capacity to predict station positions in the absence of observations. The results obtained with the Europe and US test cases demonstrate a significant improvement of this predictive capacity when the spatial dependency of the series is taken into account. This improvement is highest when the exponential covariance model is used. The improvement is much lower, but still present with the Caribbean test case.The three models are also evaluated with regard to their capacity to determine accurate station velocities from short position time series. The impact of accounting for the spatial dependency between series on the accuracy of the estimated velocities is again significant. Like previously, the improvement is highest when the exponential covariance model is used.This thesis thus demonstrates the interest of accounting for the spatial dependency of GNSS station position time series in the determination of terrestrial reference frames. The developed methodology could be used in the computation of future ITRF versions
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Chung, Chia-Jung, and 鍾佳蓉. "ITRI and Taiwan's Flat Panel Display Industry." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55647744464502640399.
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碩士國立清華大學
科技管理研究所
96
This paper focuses on the relationship between ITRI and Taiwan’s Flat Panel Display Industry. The author separates the history to three periods to review. In the first period (from 1987 to 1996), ITRI was the first institute of Taiwan to research TFT LCD technologies and developed 10.4” TFT LCD successfully. In the second period (from 1997 to 2000), many Taiwan manufacturers engaged into large scale TFT LCD industry. ITRI developed lots of proactive technologies, such as LTPS TFT LCD, OLED etc. Besides, ITRI assisted many corporations and the industry alliance, TTLA, to set up. In the last period (from 2001 to 2006), ITRI did its best to impel many research alliances to build, like TDMDA and FEIA etc. In 2006, ITRI restructured its organization and set up the Display Technology Center (DTC). The Display Technology Center integrates all the resources of ITRI and the projects of the display technologies. In the future, DTC will continue developing flexible display technologies and be the leader of the Taiwan’s Flat Panel Displays industry.
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周一成. "Technology-Derived Value-Added Management of ITRI." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27072811755976613687.
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碩士國立交通大學
管理學院碩士在職專班科技管理組
93
In knowledge-based economy era, the value-creation of a company is dependent mainly on intangible assets ─Intellectual Properties (IPs). Under critical competition circumstances, it is the synergy efforts of R & D, manufacture, marketing, management and finance to maintain competitive advantages. Eventually, IPs are the core competence of technology. Implementation of R & D results could be realized through organizational modifications and process adjustments. As so, the management of IPs is the meaningful way and goal to improve technology evaluation. Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) is a national research institute that engaged in industrial technology research and development and to promote technological innovation nationwide. As a technology- oriented research institute, the value creation efforts of technology is one of the three goals of ITRI. The other two goals are industrial technology researches and knowledge-based technology services. Many years, ITRI has supplied technologies necessarily to Taiwan industry. This study examines the IPs management and value-chain creation of technology in ITRI. The results of this research show that: 1. the value-chain of IPs could evaluate through many methodologies as a tool to bridge technology and economy. Thus, companies could systematically improve their economic value by IPs management. 2. as a leader of technology research institute, ITRI has the privilege of IPs treasure, experienced manpower, facilities and effective service system to establish technology value-added efforts for promoting technology transfer union, cooperation of IP transfer with service projects and settlement start –up companies. 3. technology transaction intermediaries are important players of value-added performance. These companies could supply the services as IPs management, technology information services, patent analysis, IP management software supply, transaction of technology, staff training, etc. 4. according to the interviews, the key factors of a successful start-up company include the market availability, the timing of start up, and the intention of the team-leader. 5. the license of aggregated patents brings great benefits to ITRI. And the Technology Transfer Center (TTC) of ITRI has the responsibility to improve IP development, collection, value-addition, license and to run start –up companies.
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Huang, Yi-Hua, and 黃怡華. "Resource, Technology and Industry: The ITRI Model." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32289045854295249883.
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碩士國立清華大學
科技管理研究所
91
The purpose of this study is to study how ITRI exploits internal and external resources to speed up the commercialization process of emerging technologies, which, in turn, stimulate the development of new technology-based industries. Theoretically, we draw on resource-based theory, organization evolution, and technology commercialization to develop our conceptual framework. This framework is then applied to the comparative study of nine Taiwanese industries which include ICs, PCs, notebooks, HDDs, opto-storages, TFT-LCDs, automotive engines, bio-chips, nanotechnology. We conclude the paper by discussing implication for theory and managerial practice.
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WU, ZHONG-XUN, and 吳宗訓. "Dynamic modeling of ITRI U-type manipulater." Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21238584407260552080.
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Liu, Chao Hui, and 劉昭惠. "Force Control of ITRI A-type Robot Manipulator." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98233617382144434081.
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Cheng, Ying-Hua, and 鄭楹華. "Organizational Transformation as Punctuated Equilibrium：A Case Study of ITRI." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82903467736435694211.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
科技管理研究所
95
Organizational Behavior theories regard social organization as an organism that will grow up and pass away. In order to exist in the social environment, organizations have to change partial or whole according to external or internal environment The stage of organizational transformation is following the process：stable turn into instable than turn into stable. When external and internal environment have dissatisfied with organization, they will bring pressures to make organization filling with nervous and instable. Once nervous and instable over bounds, they will disintegrate organization. In order to eliminate nervous and instable, organization must adjust itself until the situation go down. From the beginning of ITRI established, ITRI always is good partner of industrial circles and focus on technology innovation to increase the competition ability. Due to the change of economical environment, ITRI needs to focus on cross-field integration; puts more efforts on research and development to invent new technology; creates new opportunity for economic growth . This paper surveys the organization changes of ITRI from beginning to the present, uses the Punctuated Equilibrium Theory to study the key point of successful organizational transformation. Keyword：ITRI, Organizational Transformation, Punctuated Equilibrium Theory, Single Case Study
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Jou, Yuh-Tyng, and 周育廷. "Business Model For Intellectual Property Product-Experiences From ITRI." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93339279933254448093.
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碩士東海大學
會計學系
100
In the era of knowledge economy, intellectual property (IP) is the key element of competitive advantage. In recently Taiwan enterprises patent application and certified numbers increases year by years, but commercialization of the outcome is still limited. Therefore, the IP business model will be an important issue in the future. This is a case study research. The theory and model based on by Chesbrough open innovation combined with types of the licensee, the types of strategy and life cycle identification form IP business models. The development of IP management experience to the ITRI, explain the application of practices of the IP business model. The important findings are as follows：First, the development process of IP business model, IP has been treated as operating assets. By the set of technology transfer center dedicated units, transformed into strategic out-licensor. Second, building The Patent Auction public bidding determines the price, combined with other R & D institutions, schools and businesses to promote the trading of IP. Third, by the recognition of the IP life cycle, according to the emerging, growth / maturity and decline, in sequence as new ventures, licensing /theme patent assignment and general patent assignment of application basis. Finally, an offensive strategy in the face of the infringer, safeguarding legal rights and obtain compensation income.
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陳維. "ITRI-U Robot Dynamic Analysis and Control System Design." Thesis, 1987. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45334946987620568684.
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Lin, Yu-Ling, and 林裕淩. "Externality and Performance Evaluation: An Empirical Study of ITRI." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26866243792908522002.
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博士國立交通大學
管理科學系所
94
A framework is proposed to analyze the performance of the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), a national industry technology development research institution, set up by Taiwan's government in 1973. Financial statements measure short-term and tangible assets. As R&D performance indices are lagging indices, and moreover, they are difficult to quantify or measure their external impacts. The primary purpose of this study is to set up the intellectual capital report of ITRI and evaluate the overall performance of ITRI for the past 30 years. The study first explores internal R&D outputs and the external effects of ITRI, then attempts to model the specific diffusion effects and external impacts.
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Hsu, Yeou-Geng, and 許友耕. "A Critical Analysis of ITRI''s Organizational Change Management." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54025325570390736179.
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博士國立交通大學
工業工程與管理系
92
This dissertation reports on a critical analysis for the understanding of organizational change management of a public research institute, ITRI, during 1995-2002. By adopting cross-level approaches (organizational, and individual level) and the multiple paradigms (prescriptive approach with fuzzy multiple criteria evaluation and descriptive with cognitive appraisal analysis), four managerial studies of theoretical and practical importance are reported. The fuzzy multiple criteria approach is applied to two studies, namely, the selection of frontier technology R&D projects, and the evaluation of policy tools toward the formation of new biotechnology firms. Study I demonstrates that this approach is effectively in solving the disparity problem between advanced knowledge required for evaluation and expectancy from various interest groups. Study Ⅱ examines the relative effectiveness of policy tools for the development of venture firms of biotechnology, which demonstrates that ITRI not only plays the role as a crucial source of technology and human capital, but also an important collaborator in the industrial innovation system. The Lazarus’s stress-based theory is applied for the other two studies. In Study Ⅲ, it was found that the managerial cognition of the top management team, which includes cognitive appraisal and perception of organizational identity, plays a crucial role in the organization-environment relationship, and bridges the gap between environmental stressors and organizational actions involving strategic change. Using structural equation modeling, Study Ⅳ provides support for the proposed “stress--appraisal-coping” model and partial support for hypothesized propositions. The proposed model provides an initial explanation for how individual beliefs, such as trust and empowerment, shape survivor’s responses, thus providing avenues for future research on employee responses to organizational change. Further research issues and contributions of the dissertation both in theory and practice are also discussed.
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CAI, ZHONG-CHENG, and 蔡宗成. "Controller design of ITRI U-type robot using Q.F.T." Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08917381595501155241.
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Huang, Su-chen, and 黃素珍. "A Strategic Analysis of R&D Service of ITRI." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53340506128485395365.
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碩士國立交通大學
管理學院碩士在職專班科技管理組
92
This thesis reports on strategic analysis of semiconductor equipment services provider, using an Innovation Intensive Service Model. Specific emphasis is placed on the strategic positioning of Innovation Intensive Service Model using a Real Competence Matrix, a combination of degrees of customization (Generic, Restricted, Selective, Unique) and types of innovation (Product, Process, Organization, Structural, Market), through the interactions between internal core competences (Design Service, Validation of Testing, Market and Marketing, Delivery, After Service, Supporting Activities) and external resources (Complementary Assets Supplier, R&D, Design, Production, Servicing, Market, Users). A case study has been conducted to analyse Industrial Technology Research Institute(ITRI), a leader of R&D service provider, by using Real Competence Matrix. Through experts interview and questionnaire we concluded current strategic positioning and strategic intend for future. From the results a Difference Matrix will be generated, the strength and weakness of ITRI to its strategic intend will be analysed. Based on the analysis, it was found that ITRI with strong capabilities at “Design Service”, “Validation of Testing”, “Market and Marketing”, “Delivery”, “After Service”, and “Supporting Activities” internally, which is consistant in IIS model when doing the product innovation, organizational innovation, and market innovation approach. ITRI also shows strong intend at “Complementary Assets”, “R&D”, “Design”, “Production”, “Servicing”, “Market”, and “Users” externally to meet their strategic positioning.
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Youtsuen, Kuo, and 郭洮村. "A Research of Start-up Behavior Former Employees in ITRI." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16150477203933664891.
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碩士中原大學
企業管理研究所
86
Spin-off plays an important role in the development of industry,but spin-off by no means a new company been founded.In fact,resignedworkers from R&D department play an importment role.Such technologyentrepreneurs have a deep impact on industry structure.From the literatures review we can find out personal characteristicsand environment have strong relationship with the performance of new company.However there werw few researches about start-up process.Thus,this study like to realize more about start-up process.This studytries to explore how the factors effecting start-up process,from casestudy of 8 companies that the entrepreneur were formerly employer in ITRI.This study based on the important factors that concluded from the cases to make categorization of entrepreneurs,start-up team and environment.Besides,this study finds out how entrepreneurs,start-up team and environment effect start-up process.According to the findings of this study, we propose the following propositions about the start-up behaviors,1.The motive for starting up depends majorly on environmental attraction.2.The characteristics of entrepreneurs will affect the characteristic of start-up team.3.Most of the non-technical background entrepreneurs will start up in mature technical environment and growing potential.4.The non-technical background entrepreneurs will easily faced the trouble in communication and coordination with the start-up team.5.The characteristicsof environment will affect the start-up process.Kuo Youtsuen
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Lin, Shih-Han, and 林士涵. "Case study research in ITRI entrepreneurial ecosystem and start-up." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8gmwqt.
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碩士國立清華大學
經營管理碩士在職專班
105
Silicon Valley is the world's dominant center of startup. Israel is one of the hottest places for technology entrepreneurship. The Israel government spends a large amount of money and resources into the defense-related technology research and development to drive technology startup and to build the environment of startup. Taiwan's strengths are OEM and ODM manufacturing over the past few decades. But Taiwan industry has to build competitive strengths and to transform. Value-added innovation technology startup is one of the ways to drive the industrial transformation. Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) founded in 1973 is a nonprofit R&D organization engaging in applied research and technical services. ITRI has been dedicated to helping industries stay competitive and sustainable. ITRI has nurtured more than 240 companies over the years. Many technology companies transferred from ITRI have had a significant impact to Taiwan industry. The innovation and entrepreneurial platform are emphasized in ITRI. Therefore, through interview, archives review, documents review and field observation, this thesis includes a case study research in the entrepreneurial history, entrepreneurial ecosystem and start-up platform of ITRI and the case study of the startup experience of ITRI spin-off company - Taiwan Biomaterial Company.
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Lee, Chun-Yi, and 李軍義. "The Smart-Robot Service Quality Improvement and Innovation In ITRI." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/smyguy.
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碩士中華大學
科技管理學系
106
A variety of internet applications and services are vividly striving in current era of computer network. The traditional customer service centers are mainly based on telephone services, which require a lot of manpower and high on personnel costs. As customer service centers evolved from CTI to Multi-Channel, plus with the innovative self-service technology continues to improve, users of the new generation customer service centers may use multiple channels for service and inquiries. In the early days, consultations and troubleshooting must be done through telephone systems and by customer representatives, and there are always limitations on hours of services nevertheless. Customer representatives can’t work 24 hours a day, which leads to users can’t get inquires or ask questions anytime, anywhere. The numbers of customer representatives are limited, but the numbers of inquirers are endless. "Smart Robot Service" breaks through previous customer service centers’ barriers and provides 24-hour self-service via text chat, hence the support and assistant for their users won’t be subject to users where about or busy service lines. This study subjects to I company’s staff, uses PZB and the gap model, capitalizes on five major aspects (including tangibility, reliability, reactivity, assurance, and caring dimensions,) shaped from 36 questionnaires and customer satisfaction and importance survey, to identify gaps in its service quality. Based on the surveys completed by I company’s staff after trying out " Smart Robot Service”, (in which includes their expectation on customer satisfaction levels comparing between traditional customer service and " Smart Robot Service,) as well as using data analysis identifying common problems, this study hopes to show "Innovative Intelligence e-Service" can replace traditional customer services for the purpose of reducing the amount of calls and lowering personnel costs. The focus of this study was to provide references for future service strategy development or performance improvement.
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Chiang, Min ju, and 江閔如. "Commercialization by Non-Profit Organization- A Case Study on IEK/ITRI." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94650208096470980910.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
工業管理系
100
The study aims to discuss the classification of Taiwan NPO and also the difficulties and challenges of NPO commercialization. The research purposes, one is to track the development of industrial information service system in Taiwan and the other is to present a case study on NPO commercialization of Taiwan industrial information service institution for future reference. The main task of IEK/ITRI is to strengthen the study of industry trends and provide customers with professional information and consultancy services, creating value for customers and improve performance. IEK is also committed to promote Taiwan's knowledge-based services development. The case study focus on how IEK faces the changes from internal and external environment, how to set up the business strategy, and also the difficulties and challenges of facing the commercialization progress. IEK also plays the active role and is prompted to create Star Class in order to cultivate outstanding analysts, to amend the reward system and also release additional marketing budget. We discover the proper reward system would encourage NPO employees to jump into commercialization progress deeply. Government also needs to express the regulations more clearly to avoid the intervention of NPG commercialization. This essay aims to use case studies to demonstrate and promote further studies of how to succeed by commercialization on different kinds of NPOs.
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Ho, Yu-Lun, and 何侑倫. "Entrepreneurial Business Strategy for the Automated Guided Vehicle Team in ITRI." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83068043122372093332.
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碩士國立清華大學
經營管理碩士在職專班
101
Technological innovation is one of the most important driving forces for the country's economic growth in recent years. Such as the United States, Japan, Britain, Germany and other advanced countries, through business incubation centers to help individuals and small entrepreneurs, and it has obtained outstanding results. And recently ITRI also create a business-trial environment that encourages employees to be entrepreneurial innovation. In this study, the technical team derivative ITRI to new ventures from the background, and use structural changes in industry environment to analyze market trends, and target the future innovation business operation method, customer segments and demands, in assessing the technical team existing technological capabilities and resources, and propose new venture development blueprint and implementation strategies. From the entire analysis process of this study concluded: 1. Rapid growth when the market demand, if the key components of the supply chain presents oligopoly situation, the operation method can be used in this study and strategic breakthrough; 2. New ventures may utilize internal resources to accelerate time to market.
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Huang, Min-Yen, and 黃名妍. "Framing and Change : The Case Study of ITRI in Service Innovation." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/762u4t.
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碩士國立清華大學
科技管理研究所
101
Drawing on the framing literature as well as according to the theoretical point of view, this paper develops an alternative framework for analyzing the process of framing strategies, which includes problem-structuring, logical argument, agenda-setting, roadmapping and blueprinting, scenario planning, foresight, metaphor and analogy, and story-telling. In this research, I not only discuss the background and meaning, but examine how leaders integrate the framing strategies to achieve strong effect. Empirically, in this research I use the naturalistic inquiry approach and examine the case of the creation of the service innovation model-manufacturing servitization and IT-enabled service of Industrial Technology Research Institute（ITRI）during 2000 to 2012. Base on the previous discussed strategies, I particularly focus on the practical method of ITRI in the promotion of service innovation. This paper concludes by discussing implications for theory, practice and future research.