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Academic literature on the topic 'Jews, Caucasian'
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Journal articles on the topic "Jews, Caucasian"
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SORENE, E. D., E. RUBINRAUT-OPHIR, and D. R. GOODWIN. "Dupuytren’s Disease in Oriental Jews." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 32, no. 5 (October 2007): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhse.2007.04.014.
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Twelve month minimum follow-up was available for 19 Oriental Jewish patients who underwent surgery for Dupuytren’s disease over a 10-year period. In this population, the disease is uncommon. The initial deformity, operative findings and results of surgery were similar to those described for North European Caucasian patients. Possible factors that may result in a low genetic predisposition to Dupuytren’s disease amongst Jews are discussed.
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Murzakhanov, Yuriy I. "ON THE QUESTION OF ETHNO-LINGUISTIC CONTACTS OF MOUNTAIN JEWS WITH THE PEOPLES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS (BASED ON ANTHROPONYMIC MATERIALS)." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 17, no. 1 (March 28, 2021): 250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch171250-260.
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The purpose of our research is to study the specifics of ethnolanguage contacts between mountain Jews and the peoples of the North Caucasus, which allows us to trace the ethnocultural Parallels that existed in the past between them. As you know, language is an important historical source, and since language communication involves interaction between members of an ethnic group, ethnographic group, or subethnos, it can be stated that each language is characterized by the totality of all forms of its existence: a spoken language with its division into territorial dialects, a literary language in oral and written varieties, a special cult language, etc. Accordingly, studies on the language contacts of mountain Jews with the peoples of the North Caucasus (of course, structurally diverse and genetically unrelated peoples) are of great value from the point of view of not only linguistics, but also history and Ethnography. The study of the anthroponic Fund of the North Caucasian mountain Jews is also of great interest in this regard. Anthroponymy, due to its special functional nature, is subject to rapid changes, and its composition is heterogeneous. The mountain Jews of the North Caucasus attached special importance to the naming ceremony. In the second half of the XIX – early XX century, the anthroponymicon of mountain Jews was dominated by Jewish names, but in addition to them, there was also a significant layer of names of Persian and Turkic origin, as well as names that arose on the mountain-Jewish soil proper. During the Soviet period, borrowed names (of Latin, Greek, and Slavic origin) became the predominant foreign-language names among the mountain Jews of the North Caucasus, which is typical for almost all the Caucasian peoples of the Caucasus.
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Vikhnovich, Vsevolod. "Jews of the land of Kedar." Nordisk Judaistik/Scandinavian Jewish Studies 18, no. 1-2 (September 1, 1997): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30752/nj.69544.
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At present, it is safe to say that alongside the Slavic, Finnish, Scandinavian, Turkic, Baltic, Iranian, Caucasian elements the Jewish element has also played its role in the early period of the ethnocultural history of the vast region to the north of the Black and the Caspian seas. According to the medieval Jewish sources, the members of Judaic communities belonged to various social and even racial groups. This fact sheds light on the Jews whom the Jewish traveler Petahyah of Regensburg met in the Land of Kedar in the 12th century. Petahyah traveled from Regensburg to the Middle East via Prague, Kiev, Crimea and Caucasus. What were the origins of these Jews?
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Ezri, Tiberiu, Daniel Sessler, Marian Weisenberg, Gleb Muzikant, Michael Protianov, Edward Mascha, and Shmuel Evron. "Association of Ethnicity with the Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Sevoflurane." Anesthesiology 107, no. 1 (July 1, 2007): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.anes.0000267534.31668.62.
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Abstract Background: Selective breeding produces animal strains with varying anesthetic sensitivity. It thus seems unlikely that various human ethnicities have identical anesthetic requirements. Therefore, the authors tested the hypothesis that the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane differs significantly as a function of ethnicity. Methods: The authors recruited 90 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II adult patients belonging to three Jewish ethnic groups: European, Oriental, and Caucasian (from the Caucasus Mountain region). All were scheduled to undergo surgery requiring a skin incision exceeding 3 cm. Without premedication, anesthesia was induced with 6–8% sevoflurane in 100% oxygen, and tracheal intubation was facilitated with succinylcholine. The skin incision was made after a predetermined end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane of 2.0% was maintained for at least 10 min in the first patient in each group. Blinded investigators observed the patient for movement during the subsequent minute. The concentration in the next patient was increased by 0.2% when patients moved, or decreased by the same amount when they did not. Results are presented as means [95% confidence intervals]. Results: Morphometric and demographic characteristics were similar among the groups; however, mean arterial pressure was slightly greater in European Jews. Minimum alveolar concentration for sevoflurane was greatest in Caucasian Jews (2.32% [2.27–2.41%]), less in Oriental Jews (2.14% [2.06–2.22%]), and still less in European Jews (1.9% [1.82–1.99%]) (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The results suggest that minimum alveolar concentration varies as a function of ethnicity. However, the extent to which confounding characteristics contribute, including lifestyle choices and environmental factors, remains unknown.
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Kedmi, Meirav, Sara B. Cohen, and Deborah Rund. "Polymorphisms in Drug Metabolism/Disposition Genes and Increased Susceptibility to Adult De Novo AML: MDR1 and CYP3A4." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 2078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.2078.2078.
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Abstract Primary AML may be induced by environmental toxins in the same way as chemotherapy-induced genotoxic damage leads to therapy-related AML (t-AML). The genotypes of MDR1 and CYP3A4 genes may be important in predisposing to both primary and t-AML. Hoffmeyer et al (PNAS, 2000) found that a silent single nucleotide polymorphism, C3435T was associated with higher plasma concentrations of digoxin after oral dosing. The T allele increases effective exposure to toxins, and may predispose to renal tumors. We previously reported (ASH 2002) an association of t-AML with C3435T in a small sample (17 pts). The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes including CYP3A4 metabolize drugs and toxins, and can activate procarcinogens. Some studies found that an A to G substitution in the CYP3A4 promoter (CYP3A4*1B) “protects” against t-AML, while the wild type allele was associated with t-AML (including our study, ASH 2002). Aims: To determine if either the MDR1 or CYP3A4 polymorphism affects predisposition to develop primary AML, and to determine ethnic differences in the frequency of the polymorphisms. Methods: The MDR1 C3435T polymorphism was analyzed using PCR and Sau3A1 digestion. CYP3A*1B was studied using PCR and hybridization to a wild type or mutant 19-mer oligonucleotide probe. We studied primary and t-AML patients (68 Jewish and 43 Arab for C3435T, and 81 Jewish and 37 Arab for CYP3A1*1B), and control DNA samples of the same ethnic origin (58 Caucasian Jewish and 44 Arab and 88 Ethiopian Jews). Results: The TT genotype at position 3435 of MDR1 was found more frequently in AML patients (both primary and t-AML) than in controls (p value: 0.0302). There was an additive effect of the T allele, with fewest AML patients having the CC genotype, more with CT and the most with the TT genotype (P value: 0.0015). The relative risk of primary AML is 0.5975 (C.I- (0.3135, 1.1389) for patients with the CC genotype versus those with CT/TT. The relative risk of t-leuk is 0.1180 (C.I- (0.0073 1.8952) for patients with the CC genotype versus those with CT/TT. Of 23 t-AML patients analyzed, none had the CC genotype. Because the allele may affect response to therapy, we analyzed survival. Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, we found no statistically significant difference in the survival of AML patients of different MDR1 C3435T genotypes. Among controls, there was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of the different genotypes among Arabs, Caucasian Jews and Ethiopian Jews. Arab individuals had a lower frequency of the CC genotype and more frequent TT, Ethiopian Jews had a high frequency of the CC genotype (p value: 0.0072). Among AML patients of different ethnicity, there was no difference in genotype. The CYP3A*1B polymorphism was found in approximately 15% of the Israeli population (Caucasian Jews and Arabs alike). In comparison, 52% of Ethiopian Jews carried CYP3A*1B. 9/118 primary AML patients (7%) carried CYP3A*1B and only 1 (2.4%) of 41 t-AML patients was found to carry CYP3A4*1B (p value < 0.05). Conclusions: The MDR1 C3435T polymorphism is associated with a higher risk of developing primary as well as t-AML. Arabs may be at higher risk for AML due to a high frequency of the T allele. In addition, the CYP3A4*1B polymorphism might be protective against primary AML, and we confirm previous reports that it may protect against t-AML in adults. Lastly, Ethiopian Jews have a high frequency of the C allele of the MDR1 C3435T polymorphism, and high frequency of CYP3A4*1B, which may underlie the relatively low incidence of AML in this ethnic group in Israel.
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Malik, Elad, Sara B. Cohen, and Deborah Rund. "The NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase (NQO1) C609T Polymorphism Is Found at Variable Frequency in Different Ethnic Groups but Does Not Predispose to De Novo AML in Israel." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 4381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.4381.4381.
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Abstract Background: The NQO1 gene is located on chromosome 16q22.1. This gene encodes a cytosolic enzyme which is expressed in many tissues including the hematopoietic system. NQO1 has an important role in detoxifying quinones, which are widespread compounds that are present thoughout the body (vitamin K), the diet (proteins, fruits and vegetables) and the environment (solvents, cosmetics, cigarette smoke). A single nucleotide polymorphism (C to T) at position 609 (NQO1*2) produces a proline to serine substitution at codon 187 and results in very reduced enzyme activity (null allele). Wild type genotype individuals have normal NQO1 activity, heterozygotes have reduced activity and homozygotes for the mutation have nearly absent activity. The polymorphism is present at varying frequencies in different ethnic groups throughout the world. Several reports have shown an association of this polymorphism and susceptibility to nonhematological malignancies such as lung cancer in smokers. Other reports have found that it is associated with de novo adult AML, therapy-related AML, infant leukemia with MLL rearrangements and benzene-induced hematotoxicity/leukemia. Aims: To determine the frequency of the NQO1*2 allele in Israeli ethnic groups and to determine if the allele predisposes to de novo adult AML in Israeli patients. Methods: We used PCR to analyze for the presence of the NQO1*2 allele, utilizing the methodology of MT Smith (Blood 2001) with nested PCR and digestion with Hinf1. We studied adult AML patients of different ethnic origins (156 Jews and 106 Arabs) and normal controls of three major ethnic groups in Israel (270 Caucasian Jews, 250 Arabs and 168 Ethiopian Jews). Too few Ethiopian adult AML patients were identified to be included in the analysis. Results: In the control Arab group, the distribution of the alleles was: homozygous normal (CC) 54%, heterozygotes (CT) 38.5%, and homozygous mutant (TT) 7.5%, which was virtually identical to the distribution in Arab AML patients (CC 52.8%, CT 41.5% and TT 5.7%). Similarly, the distribution in Caucasian Jewish controls was: CC 60.8%, CT 37.2%, and TT 2%, virtually identical to CC 61.1%, CT 35% and TT 3.9% in Caucasian AML patients. Ethiopian controls had a very different allelic distribution: CC 72.6%, CT 26.2% and TT 1.1 %. While the differences among the various ethnic groups was highly statistically significant, there were no statistically significant differences in allelic frequencies of patients as compared to ethnic matched controls. Conclusions: In Israel there are significant differences in allelic distribution of NQO1 among various ethnic groups. However, the null allele was not present at a higher frequency in patients, suggesting that the null allele did not predispose to the development of de novo adult AML in Israel. The reason for the discrepancy between our data and other published studies may relate to underlying genetic differences in our population, for example, in CYP2E1, which participates in the same metabolic pathways as NQO1. Alternatively, it is possible that NQO1 protects against de novo AML only under specific environmental conditions, which may not exist in Israel. Our findings emphasize the importance of cross-cultural validation of pharmacogenetic studies, in order to assure the reliability of the findings.
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Burkholder, Zoë. "From “Wops and Dagoes and Hunkies” to “Caucasian”: Changing Racial Discourse in American Classrooms during World War II." History of Education Quarterly 50, no. 3 (August 2010): 324–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2010.00274.x.
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Margaret Gillum was distressed. Her sophomore English students in Terre Haute, IN were making “sneering remarks” about “dirty foreigners,” even though she implored them to use language that reflected the principles of “brotherhood” and “true neighborliness.” Pressed into action by the catastrophic world war unfolding around her, Gillum decided to teach her students to be more tolerant of human diversity. Describing her successful lesson to colleagues in a popular teaching journal in 1941, Gillum explained, “There are in my city a number of racial groups gathered into neighborhoods, as one finds them everywhere: Syrians, Italians, French, and a large number of Germans and Jews, as well as three distinct communities of Negroes drifted up from the South.” Hoping to foster empathy for the “racial groups” in her community, Gillum initiated her lesson by asking students to list familiar racial epithets. Her students responded enthusiastically and as Gillum called out the names of different “races” her students shouted back their answers:And what do we call Italians—Dagoes!And the Germans?—Dutchmen!The Irish?—Oh, Pat or Mike!
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Sternfeld, Lior. "Jewish-Iranian Identities in the Pahlavi Era." International Journal of Middle East Studies 46, no. 3 (July 18, 2014): 602–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002074381400066x.
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A few years ago, while conducting archival research on Pahlavi-era Iranian newspapers, I came across a photo from the anti-shah demonstrations that took place in late 1978 and early 1979. It showed a large group of Armenians protesting against the shah. In these years many Iranians and Westerners considered the shah's policies beneficial for religious minorities in Iran. Around the same time, I found a sentence that made this discovery more intriguing. In his seminal workIran between Two Revolutions, Ervand Abrahamian mentions that throughout the Muhammad Riza Pahlavi era, the opposition to the communist Tudeh party accused it of being controlled by “Armenians, Jews, and Caucasian émigrés.” I tried to find references in the current scholarship to Jews participating in the party, which could have earned them their part in this propaganda campaign, but found very little. Having read the important works of Joel Beinin, Orit Bashkin, and Rami Ginat on Jewish revolutionaries, including communists, in the Middle East, I wondered where the Jewish radicals in Iran were. Several factors may contribute to this silence in the historiography: the writing of Iranian history from a Zionist vantage point, a lack of interest in the history of the Iranian left in the postrevolutionary historiography, and an inability to conceptualize the transregional and global nature of the Iranian Jewish community.
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Ehrlich, Gal, Dalia Ginzberg, Yael Loewenstein, David Glick, Batsheva Kerem, Shlomi Ben-Ari, Haim Zakut, and Hermona Soreq. "Population Diversity and Distinct Haplotype Frequencies Associated with ACHE and BCHE Genes of Israeli Jews from Trans-caucasian Georgia and from Europe." Genomics 22, no. 2 (July 1994): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/geno.1994.1386.
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Beginina, I. A., S. G. Ivchenkov, M. S. Ivchenkova, and N. V. Shakhmatova. "The level of ethnic-confessional tolerance in the Saratov Region." RUDN Journal of Sociology 19, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 722–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2019-19-4-722-736.
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Ethnic-confessional relationships in multiethnic regions are dynamic and influenced by globalization and the growth of horizontal mobility, and also by everyday practices. All these factors structure the public opinion in a certain way and determine the degree of tolerance of the regions and Russia as a whole. The article aims at assessing the level of ethnic-confessional tolerance in the multiethnic Saratov Region. The article presents the results of the sociological survey conducted in March 2018 in the city of Saratov and eleven districts of the Saratov Region. According to the survey’s results, the degree of acceptance of a person of a different nationality is inversely proportional to the size of social distance. The level of the religious tolerance is also high, but does not correlate with the size of social distance. According to the data, the vast majority of respondents did not encounter violations of national or religious rights, and among those who actually experienced national discrimination (personally or in close social circle) it was expressed in the form of ignoring, insulting, difficulties when looking for employment, threats and physical abuse. In general, the low prevalence of direct forms of negative ethnic-religious attitudes proves the high level of tolerance in the Saratov Region. Interethnic relations of the Saratovites with representatives of the Caucasian peoples are more prone to conflicts than with representatives of peoples traditionally settled in the region (Ukrainians, Tatars, Kazakhs, Jews, Bashkirs, Volga Germans). Despite the prevailing positive assessments of the national policy, it still needs to take into account the features of the Saratov Region.
Books on the topic "Jews, Caucasian"
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Murzakhanov, I︠U︡ I. Ocherk istorii ėtnograficheskogo izuchenii︠a︡ gorskikh evreev: XVIII-nachalo XX v. Moskva: Izd-vo "Choro", 1994.
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Bram, Chen. Yehude Ḳaṿḳaz be-Dagesṭan: Zehut ḳoleḳṭivit ṿe-hiśardut ḳehilatit. Ramat-Gan: Merkaz Rapaporṭ le-ḥeḳer ha-hitbolelut ule-ḥizuḳ ha-ḥiyuniyut ha-Yehudit, Universiṭat Bar-Ilan, ha-Faḳulṭah le-madaʻe ha-Yahadut, 2006.
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Mgaloblishvili, Tamila. Kʻartʻuli ebraelebi: Georgian Jews = Yahadut Geʼorgyah : istoria da kultura. Tʻbilisi: Sakʻartʻvelos erovnuli muzeumi, 2010.
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Murzakhanov, I︠U︡ I. Gorskie evrei: Annotirovannyĭ bibliograficheskiĭ ukazatelʹ. Moskva: Choro, 1994.
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Komaxiże, Tʻeimuraz. Żala ertʻobašia. Batʻumi: S.S. "Gamomcʻemloba Ačara", 2000.
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Kukullu, Amaldan. Ėkho minuvshikh i zov gri͡a︡dushchikh ėpokh. Moskva: Amaldanik, 1997.
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Slaṿin, Yiśraʼel. Sefer Bet Yiśraʼel: Toldot ṿe-ḳorot ḥayim : yovel shanim be-erets ha-ḳodesh, maḥatsit ha-yovel me-aḥore masakh ha-barzel. Yerushalayim: Y.N. Slaṿin, 2000.
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