Academic literature on the topic 'Kazakhstan, foreign relations'
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Journal articles on the topic "Kazakhstan, foreign relations"
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Mamedov, Alexey V. "Kazakhstan’s Foreign Policy: Adjusting the Priorities." RUDN Journal of Political Science 26, no. 1 (March 15, 2024): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2024-26-1-121-130.
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Kazakhstan’s foreign policy has been characterized by continuity for a long time. The country has been balancing between Russia, the West and China. In the context of the transformation of world politics and economy, as well as aggravation of relations between the West and Russia, the adjusting foreign policy priorities and its specific content are getting especially important for Kazakhstan. The realization of a special military operation by Russia has greatly impacted Kazakhstan’s foreign policy. Kazakhstan is under strong political pressure from the West. It requires Kazakhstan to change its foreign policy course and join anti-Russian policy. The study is aimed to identify new trends in Kazakhstan’s foreign policy, both in the relations with Russia and the West as well as countries of Central Asia. For this purpose, the statements of the first persons of the state, reflecting the priorities, were analyzed. A special attention was also paid to Kazakhstan’s policy towards Russia, which remains a key partner. In the conclusion, the author identified the key priorities: an intensification of relations with the West, a search for new approaches to cooperation with Central Asian countries and preservation of balancing between Russia and the West.
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Yuneman, Roman А. "Kazakhstan’s Multi-Vector Foreign Policy." Russia in Global Affairs 21, no. 2 (2023): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31278/1810-6374-2023-21-2-141-162.
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The concept of multi-vector policy underlies Kazakhstan’s foreign policy strategy. However the implementation of this strategy in the UN General Assembly has not yet been studied. In this work, the author analyzes voting cohesion of Kazakhstan and Russia, China, the U.S., and Germany in 2007-2022, and also studies Kazakhstan’s behavior when the above countries voted oppositely. Based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of voting on more than a thousand resolutions concerning international relations or foreign policy, the author concludes that the main vector of this policy is not Russia, which is formally a key ally of Kazakhstan, but China. Most often Kazakhstan’s foreign policy position is identical to that of China (and least of all to that of the United States). In addition, Kazakhstan avoids offering explicit support to Russia on initiatives related to armed conflicts, including the one in Ukraine.
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Kozhirova, Svetlana, and Aisha Mukasheva. "THE LABOUR MIGRATION INFLUENCE ON KAZAKHSTANCHINESE RELATIONS." Qogam jane Dauir 75, no. 3 (September 25, 2022): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52536/2788-5860.2022-3.04.
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The article considers the process of Chinese migration to Kazakhstan. The piece analyzes the preconditions, flow, geography, and composition of labor migration; and predicts the possible consequences in the future. The article summarizes the results of surveys and social research conducted in Kazakhstan in different years. The analysis shows that widespread claims about Chinese demographic expansion in Kazakhstan are unfounded. However, it was noted that the uncontrolled expansion of China's economic presence, especially in strategically important sectors of Kazakhstan's economy, could lead to a rapid and large-scale increase in the flow of legitimate foreign migration from China.
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Kurmanguzhin, R., and A. Chebotarev. "Diplomacy of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Evolution of Foreign Policy Concepts." World Economy and International Relations 67, no. 7 (2023): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2023-67-7-74-84.
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During the thirty years of the country’s independence, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan developed several foreign policy concepts. The first document, which established the well-known Kazakh multi-vector approach, appeared in 1995. By that time, Kazakhstan had established constructive cooperation not only with the world major actors (Russia, China, US) and international organizations (EU, NATO, OIC), but also with the neighbors in the Central Asian region. In 1995, the Kazakh leadership took action to remove the Soviet nuclear weapons from its territory. All of the above steps demonstrated that Kazakhstan is a reliable and predictable foreign policy partner, as well as a responsible member of the international community. In 2000, 2005 and 2014, the foreign policy concepts were amended. The necessary amendments were prompted both by domestic developments and the situation in the international arena. In 2019, the Foreign Policy Concept 2020–2030 was adopted. This document was not only part of the election program of the President C.- J. C. Tokayev, it was a concept confirming the continuity of the multi-vector and balanced foreign policy of the “new” and “listening” Kazakhstan. Additionally in this document, Kazakhstan openly declared its intention to secure the status of the “leading state in the region”. Therefore, Kazakhstan’s relations with other countries of Central Asia acquired a strategic character. The Republic of Kazakhstan also called for expansion of multilateral dialogue and cooperation in the region, for strengthening the existing formats of interaction between the Central Asian countries and external partners. The current Foreign Policy Concept is not only a guide to action for Kazakhstan itself, but it also sends clear signals to foreign partners regarding the limits of what is acceptable in relations with the Republic of Kazakhstan. This message seems important in today’s turbulent system of international relations, when new pillars of sustainable development are needed not only for individual countries, but for the entire world.
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Tlemissova, Zh, and A. Mamyrbekov. "Cultural relations of Kazakhstan and Germany: the case of the German diaspora (1991-2020)." Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical Sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 140, no. 3 (2022): 106–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2022-140-106-121.
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Since independence, the Republic of Kazakhstan has been pursuing a multi-vector policy with Western countries. The main directions are aimed at politics, economics, and the cultural and humanitarian sphere. Our country has established relations with Western countries, including Germany. Bilateral cooperation is a priority and enhances mutually beneficial partnerships between the two states. Economic relations and political integration as an impulse of the new time are a model for all states of the modern world. In addition, the strategic partnership between Kazakhstan and Germany is constantly strengthening and expanding, covering almost all areas of activity. Reciprocity and tolerance, as a manifestation of the culture of relations between peoples, are the distinctive qualities of Kazakh-German relations. The coincidence of interests in the main areas of foreign relations will undoubtedly contribute to the harmonization of cultural relations in bilateral friendly relations. A significant part of the contact between Kazakhstan and Germany in the cultural sphere is linked to the German diaspora in Kazakhstan. If we make a historical digression, the Germans have lived throughout the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan since the time of tsarist power. Kazakhstani Germans, preserving their culture and identity, live in close cultural ties with the Kazakh people. Such activities between peoples reach the interstate level, which contributes to the development of cultural ties between Kazakhstan and Germany. The article examines the cultural ties between Kazakhstan and Germany through the example of the German diaspora in our country. The article presents a scientific analysis of the role and influence of Kazakhstani Germans on these relations.
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F., Kukeyeva, Baizakova K., Usen M., and Userova K. "Impact of the new geopolitical conditions on the multi-vector foreign policy of Kazakhstan." Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series 109, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 94–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023hph1/94-109.
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he relevance of the topic of this article is determined by the need to study the multi-vector foreign policy of Kazakhstan in the face of new challenges and risks for the foreign policy of the state. The scientific novelty of the research results is that the theory and practice of conducting foreign policy in transit and in the posttransit period is a little-studied problem in the field of international relations and related scientific disciplines. The article conducted research on modern geo–economic and geopolitical realities and analyzed the adaptability of the theory and practice of the main principle of Kazakhstan's foreign policy - multi-vector approach to the new geopolitical agenda. The multilateral foreign policy of Kazakhstan at the present stage is analyzed through the prism of the theories of geopolitics, rational choice and dependence/interdependence. To study the adaptability of the main principle of the foreign policy strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan at the present stage, criteria, theoretical approaches were determined in the study of multi-vector, its effectiveness in modern international relations. An analysis of foreign policy risks showed that they are all related to the interdependence of the Kazakh economy and diplomacy with its closest neighbors, in relation to which a multivector approach developed in the conditions of the formation of a multipolar world. New geopolitical realities indicate the expansion of the range of opportunities and at the same time the complication of the political space along the perimeter of the borders of Kazakhstan. A clearly built and conceptually substantiated multivector foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in practice needs constant adjustment. This is due to the more complex global realities, constant turbulence and the transformation of modern international relations
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Nyshanbayev, N. "Features of the new concept of kazakhstan's foreign policy: theoretical analysis." BULLETIN Series of Sociological and Political sciences 72, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-4.1728-8940.23.
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Kazakhstan's foreign policy is determined by its multi-vector nature. This means that Kazakhstan is developing relations on an equal footing with global and regional powers. Such a foreign policy understanding ensures the independence of Kazakhstan and creates a basis for its equal interaction with other states. On March 19, 2019, the head of state, who has the official status of the “Elbasy” leader of the nation, N. Nazarbayev, resigned and handed over the post of president to the chairman of the upper house of Parliament, Kassym - Jomart Tokayev. In this regard, the state of the main directions of Kazakhstan's.
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Kirilina, E. Yu. "Foreign Policy of Germany towards Kazakhstan." EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 18, no. 2 (July 15, 2024): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2024-02-189-197.
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After the collapse of the Soviet Union, a large number of newly formed states appeared on the geopolitical map of the world, some of which are located in Central Asia. As one of the largest and most influential countries in Europe, Germany sought to establish strong economic, political and cultural ties with these countries. The author pays attention to the stages of development of bilateral relations from the early 90s to the present.Aim. The aim of this study is to identify key aspects of German foreign policy in the region, focusing on relations with Kazakhstan.Tasks. Study the main stages of the development of diplomatic relations between Germany and Kazakhstan. Identify the current state of relations between Germany and Kazakhstan. Explore possible expansion of economic ties and prospects for future cooperation. Show the importance of studying the foreign policy of Germany in relation to Kazakhstan for the Russian Federation.Methods. The research methodology is based on historical analysis, which helped to identify the stages of development of international relations between the two states. The comparative analysis defines the differences in the foreign policy line of Germany towards Kazakhstan at different stages. Regular summit meetings were the objects of event analysis.Results. By examining historical context, economic partnerships, and geopolitical considerations, it is possible to investigate the dynamics shaping German engagement in Central Asia.Conclusions. The genesis of the development of interstate relations was the collapse of the USSR, which served to form sovereign states in the post-Soviet space. The development of bilateral relations is characterized by several stages: some of them were characterized by stagnation, others, by an increase in the attention of Germany to Kazakhstan. The beginning of 2022 served to intensify Germany’s foreign policy in the region. At the present stage, Germany uses a multi-pronged approach that includes diplomatic, economic, cultural and educational components. Germany’s foreign policy in the region is aimed at protecting its national interests. Secondly, the partnership with Kazakhstan is a symbol of Germany’s shared foreign policy goals, emphasizing the importance of cooperation, dialogue and joint development efforts in the heart of Eurasia.
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Chang, Byung Ock. "Foreign Policy and International Relations in Kazakhstan." Journal of international area studies 2, no. 4 (December 31, 1998): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18327/jias.1998.12.2.4.27.
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Karassayev, Ganiy M., Kanat A. Yensenov, Bekmurat R. Naimanbayev, Alya A. Oskembay, and Hadisha K. Ermukhanova. "History of regional relations in foreign political activity of the Republic of Kazakhstan (1991-2014)." Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine 28, no. 3 (September 17, 2021): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37635/jnalsu.28(3).2021.119-128.
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Lately legal framework of Kazakhstan’s relations with other countries has been formed, the confidence and respect of the world community for the country has increased. This research article examines the regional partnerships of the East Kazakhstan and North Kazakhstan regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan from 1991 to 2014 on the basis of archival data, documents in collections and analysis of scientific papers. The multifaceted partnerships of the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the regions, districts, border areas of the Republic of Kazakhstan distinguished by their importance and effectiveness are studied. Experience in this area shows that such a partnership in foreign policy allows for the full realization of relations, especially in the economic and social spheres. Through such cooperation, it will be possible to deepen interstate relations on the basis of mutual benefit. It will be possible to identify the specifics and bilateral needs of the regions, and further establish contacts on a regular basis. Thus, the purpose of all agreements with foreign countries concluded since the beginning of the 90s of the XX century in economic, cultural, health, education, science and other areas was to involve all regions of Kazakhstan in this relationship. Such activities take into account the provision of cooperation and exchange of experience with countries that have developed through high technical development
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Kazakhstan, foreign relations"
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Ayazbekov, Anuar. "Independent Kazakhstan and the 'black box' of decision-making : understanding Kazakhstan's foreign policy in the early independence period (1991-4)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4895.
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This thesis presents a foreign policy decision-making analysis of Kazakhstan's foreign relations in the initial post-independence period. The study applies a neoclassical realist theoretical framework in order to provide the understanding of Kazakhstan's external behaviour. The thesis conceptually assumes that the integration of the presidential decision-making element in the analysis of the republic's foreign policy is essential to account for Kazakhstan's foreign strategies, which would otherwise appear to be anomalous from the deterministic perspective of the structural theories of international relations. The set objective of the work is to produce a theoretically informed historical narratives of Almaty's policymaking during three episodes in the republic's diplomatic history – the elaboration of a distinct balancing strategy; the relinquishment of the nuclear arsenal; and the Nagorno-Karabakh peace mission. The reconstruction of events behind the decisions made by president Nursultan Nazarbayev and his key advisors through the assessment of primary materials sourced from the archives of Kazakhstani foreign policy demonstrates that foreign decision-making process played a crucial role in the identification of national interests and development of appropriate policy responses in each of the episodes under examination. Chapter IV illustrates how the nation's policymakers developed a unique balancing strategy to ascertain the country's sovereignty and eliminate security risks under overwhelming geopolitical pressures that emanated from Russia and China. Chapter V discusses the episode when Nazarbayev was subjected to direct international pressure to surrender the inherited Soviet nuclear arsenal on the terms imposed by the USA, in response to which Nazarbayev devised a deliberately ambivalent and protracted strategy in regard to the republic's nuclear status. Chapter VI reveals the adaptability of the republic's policymaking to the changing international context as the regression of the Nagorno-Karabakh peace initiative demonstrates. The exposition of intricate policy planning and profound diplomatic endeavours reflected in archival documents reinforces the thesis's premise about the non-deterministic nature of Kazakhstan's foreign policy.
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Karrar, Hasan H. (Hasan Haider) 1973. "The new silk road diplomacy : a regional analysis of China's Central Asian foreign policy, 1991-2005." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102514.
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This thesis explores China's relations with Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, from 1991 to 2005, contributing to the body of knowledge by arguing that China's relations with post-Soviet Central Asia were shaped by security and economic imperatives in Xinjiang, home to Muslim Turkic nationalities who have historically challenged Beijing's jurisdiction.As discussed in Chapter One, after 1949, the Communist Party sought to bring Xinjiang firmly within Beijing's orbit, ending a 150-year long period during which Beijing's hold over Xinjiang periodically faltered. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, coupled with instability in Afghanistan, led to new challenges to Beijing's authority.
Chapter Two examines China's relations with Central Asia from 1992 to 1996. In the post-Cold War order characterized by US primacy, China envisioned Central Asia as an arena of cooperation between China, Russia, and the independent republics. However, the republics became fertile ground for transnational Islamist movements. China feared spillover into Xinjiang; consequently, China extended economic cooperation to the impoverished republics with the understanding that they would suppress emigre Uighur organizations. Bilateral economic cooperation was also important for Xinjiang, which benefited from cross-border trade.
Chapter Three examines Sino-Central Asian relations from 1996 to 2001, exploring the development of the Shanghai Five mechanism in 1996 between China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, which initially addressed confidence building, but after 1998, focused on regional security. This was important for China, since in 1996/1997, Xinjiang experienced instability that was exacerbated by the independence of Central Asia. Competition over the region's energy is also examined, which contributed to international rivalry.
Chapter Four examines Sino-Central Asian relations from 2001 to 2005. In June 2001, the Shanghai Accord signatories, and Uzbekistan, established the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). While envisioned as a forum for wide-ranging cooperation, combating "terrorism, separatism, and extremism," was an immediate priority. Following the attacks on September 11, 2001, the United States sought a military presence in Central Asia that temporarily undermined China's influence, heightening China's concerns over energy security. China's response was to gradually deepen relations with the republics in the energy and security fields.
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PATALAKH, ARTEM. "SOFT POWER REVISITED: HOW ATTRACTION WORKS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/579396.
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This thesis problematises the bases of soft power, that is, causal mechanisms connecting the agent (A) and the subject (B) of a power relationship. As the literature review reveals, their underspecification by neoliberal IR scholars, the leading proponents of the soft power concept, has caused a great deal of scholarly confusion over such questions as how to clearly differentiate between hard and soft power, how attraction (soft power’s primary mechanism) works and what roles structural and relational forces play in hard/soft power. In an effort to ascertain the bases, I address this issue not from the viewpoint of A’s policies or resources, like do IR neoliberal scholars, but in terms of B’s psychological perception of A. Employing social psychological accounts, I argue that attraction can be produced in three distinct ways, namely 1) through B’s identification with A (“emotional” attraction), 2) via B’s appreciation of A’s competence/knowledge in a particular field (“rational” attraction) and 3) by means of the activation of B’s
internalised values which contextually prescribe B to act in A’s favour (“social” attraction). Importantly, depending upon the way attraction is produced, it is peculiar in a number of characteristics, the main of which are power scope, weight and durability. Insights from social psychology also show that unlike soft power, hard power requires not only B’s relevant perception of the A-B relationship (as coercive or rewarding), but also A’s capability to actualise a threat of punishment and/or a promise of reward. I argue this difference can be fairly treated as definitional rather than empirical, which implies that coercion and reward necessarily have both relational and structural dimensions, whereas for attraction, a structural one alone suffices, while a relational one may or may not be present. Having explicated the soft power bases, I illustrate each of them using three “most likely” case studies, namely Serbia’s policies towards Russia (emotional attraction), Kazakhstan’s approach to relations with the EU (rational attraction) and Germany’s policies vis-à-vis Israel (social attraction).
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Sidorenko, Tatiana. "The impact of Ukrainian crisis on Russia's relations with CIS countries." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-335948.
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The Master's Thesis focuses on the impact of the Ukraine political crisis of 2013 - 2014 on Russia's relations with the CIS countries. The crisis was triggered by Ukrainian government when it suspended plans of closer ties with the European Union, and has since spurred escalating tensions between Russia and Western powers. The tense situation in Ukraine and Russia's policies is one of the central affairs in international relations today and this makes this topic especially actual. The Thesis examines impact of Ukrainian events of 2013-2014 on the Eurasian integration led by Russia. Integration projects in the post-Soviet space are a high priority for Russia and a tool, how the country articulates its interests in the region. The work provides a look at the development of Russia's foreign policy since the dissolution of the Soviet Union and considers factors and ideological aspects that affected it. Selected integration projects and Russia's policies towards the Eurasian integration are described. The final part is devoted to the origins of Ukrainian crisis and Russia's attitude to it. Current, as well as potential impact of Ukrainian crisis on Russia's relations with the CIS states is derived from the analysis. KEYWORDS Russian Federation, Russian Foreign Policy, Ukraine, Commonwealth of...
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Gonzalez, Benjamin F. "Charting a new Silk Road? The Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Russian foreign policy." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/204.
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The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) first came into being as a result of border negotiations between Russia and China but evolved shortly thereafter into more than this. A regional organization comprised of Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and China the SCO’s mandate now encompasses trade and security. Most secondary literature on this organization tends to detail the interests of its constituent members, while overlooking the historical relationships underlying the SCO’s growth and evolution. This thesis argues that Russia’s long-standing relationships with the states of Central Asia created the conditions making the SCO a necessary tool of Russian foreign policy, while Moscow’s relations with China and the US have driven the development of the group. It concludes that the SCO has become the most viable of Central Asia’s regional organizations because it has effectively resolved contradictions and conflicts in Russia’s relationships with the other SCO members.
Books on the topic "Kazakhstan, foreign relations"
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Sultanov, B. K. Kazakhstan segodni︠a︡. Almaty: Kazakhstanskiĭ in-t strategicheskikh issledovaniĭ pri Prezidente Respubliki Kazakhstan, 2009.
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Ermekbaev, N. B., G. T. Koĭshybaev, and K. K. Lama Sharif. Kazakhstan i strany mira. Almaty: Izd-vo Ȯner, 2006.
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Arystanbekova, Akmaral. Ob"edinennye Nat︠s︡ii i Kazakhstan. Almaty: Daĭk-Press, 2002.
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Sabitov, Zhaxylyk. International image of Kazakhstan in foreign countries. Astana: [s.n.], 2009.
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Khan, G. B. Vneshni︠a︡i︠a︡ politika respubliki Kazakhstan: Monografii︠a︡. Almaty: Kazakhskai︠a︡ gosudarstvennai︠a︡ i︠u︡ridicheskai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡, 2001.
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Afghanistan) Round Table "Kazakhstan-Afghanistan: Cultural and Historical Ties Between Two Brotherly Nations and their Perspectives in the Current Stage of Development" (2012 Kabul. Afghanistan - Kazakhstan: 20 years of friendship. Kabul: Embassy of Kazakhstan, 2012.
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K, Tokaev K., ed. Pravda o gosudarstvennoĭ granit︠s︡e Respubliki Kazakhstan. Almaty: Zhibek Zholy, 2006.
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Tūrsynov, Saghynbek. Kazakhstan--Vengrii︠a︡: Istoricheskie svi︠a︡zi i sovremennoe sotrudnichestvo. Astana: Kultegïn, 2004.
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K, Santhanam, Baĭzakova K. I, Dwivedi Ramakant, India-Central Asia Foundation, and Ăl-Farabi atyndaghy Qazaq ūlttyq universitetī., eds. India-Kazakhstan perspectives: Regional and international interactions. New Delhi: Anamaya Publishers, 2007.
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Shaĭkhutdinov, M. E. Kazakhstan i Rossii︠a︡ v novykh geopoliticheskikh koordinatakh. 2nd ed. Pavlodar: Ėko, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Kazakhstan, foreign relations"
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Sorbello, Paolo. "Italian Business in Central Asia." In Eurasiatica. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-376-2/015.
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While distant and little-known to the Italian public, Central Asia plays an important role for Italy. Kazakhstan is an important supplier of oil to Italy and Italy is the principal customer for Kazakhstani oil. This article concentrates on Italy-Kazakhstan relations because they represent the lion’s share of Italy-Central Asia relations, while also providing a rationale to explain the diverging pathways that allowed Kazakhstan to interact more proficiently with foreign companies, rather than its close neighbours. By focusing on the energy sector, this article also highlights how trans-national companies (TNCs), such as Italy’s Eni, transfer practices from their global experience in oil and gas to their destination countries in Central Asia. In particular, this article analyses the cost-cutting practices of outsourcing services and outstaffing workforce, for which Italian companies and joint ventures have become instrumental.
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Skok, Oleksandra, and Taisiia Shevchenko. "CRIMINAL AND LEGAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSNATIONAL CRIME: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." In European vector of development of the modern scientific researches. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-077-3-39.
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This article focuses on the criminal law characteristics of transnational crime, which has an extremely negative impact on the economic and social spheres of modern society in many countries. The provisions of international regulations on the definition of transnational crime and the reality of implementation of international agreements signed and ratified by Ukraine in terms of implementation in national criminal law of liability for crimes with transnational links have been thoroughly studied. In particular, the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Agreement between Ukraine and the European Police Office on Operational and Strategic Cooperation and other international regulations on cooperation of member states in combating transnational crime were studied. The statistical data of the General Prosecutor’s Office of Ukraine are analyzed, which indicate the negative dynamics of the state of organized crime, which has increased over the last five years. The article presents official statistics, according to which in 2016 the share of organized crime amounted to 0.02% of the total number of crimes committed; in 2017 – 0.04%; in 2018 – 0.06%, in 2019 – 0.07%, in 2020 – 0.1% – which indicates an increase in the level of organized crime in general. An analysis of international regulations signed or ratified by Ukraine on the definition of transnational crime is carried out. The dispositions of the norms of the criminal legislation on detection of signs of crimes with transnational connections are analyzed. Crimes with signs of transnational crime have been identified under national legislation and the legislation of some foreign countries, on the basis of which their comparative characteristics have been made. It is established that some foreign countries also regulate the possibility of applying exemptions from criminal liability for similar criminal offenses under the domestic law on criminal liability. In particular, the norms of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Azerbaijan, Georgia, the Republic of Moldova, the Republic of Turkmenistan, the Republic of Tajikistan, the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, the Republic of Armenia are analyzed. The article identifies a list of crimes that may have signs of transnational crime. It has been established that the largest number of crimes that may have the characteristics of transnational crime are acts related to drug trafficking, human trafficking, smuggling, economic crimes, arms trafficking, smuggling and other closely related crimes. with border crossing and international criminal relations. On this basis, it is proposed to set out the disposition of Part 2 of Art. 201 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which provides for liability for smuggling, taking into account the new qualifier for the commission of this act by criminal groups with transnational ties. In addition, the problem of the lack of definition of transnational crime at the legislative level in Ukraine, which prompts further research in this area, has been identified.
Conference papers on the topic "Kazakhstan, foreign relations"
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Ebrem, İlker Salih. "Examination Relations of Turkey and Kazakhstan from the Perspective of Foreign Trade Datas and Organizations." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01330.
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Established after the disintegration of the Soviet Union and Turkic Republics has tried to improve its relations with Turkey but relations have not developed to the required level. Existing relations between Turkey and Kazakhstan which from one of these countries, is assessed, have been mentioned economic and political contributions of organizations such as Turkish Exim Bank, Turkish International Cooperation and Coordination Agency (TIKA) and Hoca Ahmet Yasawi University, which are effective in the development of bilateral relations. Turkey and Kazakhstan relations has reached a momentum in recent years. The development of bilateral relations have also reflected the economic figures but this level of development is not enough.
Finally, by examining the trade volume between the two countries, import and export rates and which product mainly taken place in the foreign trade volume are examined and interpreted.
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Ospanova, Dzhamilya, and Muslim Tazabekov. "Improving the system of accessibility of public services: national and foreign experience." In Development of legal systems of Russia and foreign countries : problems of theory and practice. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02110-1-117-130.
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One of the priorities in the modernization of public administration in Kazakhstan is the achievement of the quality of public services. The term “public service” has recently entered the circulation of legal science and legislation. In Kazakhstan, as in Russia, it is associated with the implementation of administrative reform, while in many developed foreign countries public services act as one of the main forms of relations between individuals, legal entities and public authorities. The essence of the new stage of administrative reform in Kazakhstan is reduced to a short formula — from administration to management. The demand for efficiency and quality in the provision of public services should become a central point of public service policy.
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Uzun Kocamış, Tuğçe, Serdar Kuzu, and Emre Aksu. "An Overview of Relations between Turkey and Kazakhstan in Light Of Economic Developments in Central Asia." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00459.
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Kazakhstan is in a distinctive position among other Central Asian Republics due to its rich economic resources. It has the highest per capita GDP. Turkey is the first country to recognize the independence of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is the major strategic partner of Turkey in Central Asia. Due to its active and constructive approach, its importance has been increasing in Turkey’s foreign policy. Turkey, having qualified human resources, technology know-how, and international experience, is capable of supporting Central Asian countries in various areas. When their economy, production structure, export and import demands are compared withTurkey, we may see a great collaboration opportunities to complement each other. Due to the common history, ethnics, and culture, Turkey has become the strategic partner for Kazakhstan. Turkeyis also an important market for Kazakhstan as it has a continously developing industry, increasing consumer expenses, and growing export potential.
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Satinova, Aytolkyn N., and Clara U. Kunakova. "ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE DISCURSIVE COMPETENCE." In Люди речисты - 2021. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-49-5-2021-178-194.
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Modern foreign language education in Kazakhstan aims to train future specialists capable of competing in market relations. An important component in the graduate’s model is discursive foreign language competence. A theoretical analysis of the structural-content model of this competence made it possible single out its main components related to different classes of discourse use: linguistic discourse, reconstruction of the method of composing a text, achieving an ideal type of communication.
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Özdil, Tuncer, Zamira Oskonbaeva, and Ainura Turdalieva. "An Evaluation of Independence of Kazakhstan Economy by Input-Output Analysis (2006-2009)." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00262.
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Input-output analysis is an analytical technique widely used both in developed and developing countries which reflects the production consumption relationships of production sectors of a country’s economy.
At the same time it is the macroeconomic analysis tool that defines economic relations of each sector by production and consumption. During the process of globalization all developed and developing country economies are trying to open their economies in order to provide their economic development. However, the openness can lead to negative consequences in some countries such as increasing their external dependence. In this paper it is aimed to investigate the structure of foreign trade of Kazakhstan and to measure the external dependence of economy.
For this purpose, with the help of input-output tables prepared for the period of 2006-2009, the inverse import matrix will be calculated by using coefficients of foreign trade flows, consequently the import quantities necessary to meet final demand and their changes during the period will be examined. According to the results obtained the potential impact of Kazakhstan’s foreign trade structure on both Kyrgyzstan and other Central Asian Turkish Republics will be discussed.
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Akça, Tacinur. "Foreign Trade Relations Between Turkey and the Eurasian Countries: An Empirical Study." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01793.
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The Eurasian Countries incorporates many economic and cultural wealth. The Eurasian countries have attracted attention all over the world with its rich oil and natural gas reserves and geopolitical situation. Due to the increasing importance of the Eurasian countries, as well as being an alternative to a political foreign policy and it has created an economically viable alternative in terms of foreign trade for Turkey. The importance of exports is increasing for the development of Turkey and Eurasia cannot be neglected as an important issue. History of the republic's foreign policy is focused on establishing good relations with the West. Of the Soviet Union collapsed and the Cold War ended after the opening of the new Turkish foreign policy became inevitable to be based in Central Asia and the Caucasus, Turkey aimed to be active in this region.
The main purpose of our study was that Turkey's foreign trade with The Eurasian Countries is to reveal the relationship. The interest in the region began in the beginning of 1990, the economic policies implemented by Turkey has tried to analyze using relevant data. İn our study, in order to analyze the economic relationship between our countries and Eurasian Countries, Turkey's import and export figures which were explained in the form of tables with the countries concerned. We will concentrate on the major Eurasian countries, especially in our work we focus on Russia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, Ukraine and Moldova.
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Karluk, S. Rıdvan. "Effects of Global Economic Crisis on Kyrgyzstan Economy and Developments in Economic Relations between Turkey and Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00239.
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The global crisis which started in September 2008 adversely affected many global economies and also Kyrgyzstan economy. Kyrgyzstan economy which declined and experienced a severe recession in 2009 due to the crisis started recovering from the adverse effects of the crisis after 2010. What lie beneath this positive development is increased foreign exchange revenues abroad and vigor experienced in construction industry and industrial production. The recovery experienced in economies of Russia and neighbor Kazakhstan resulted in increased exports and thus increased revenues in foreign currencies obtained from foreign countries. The political disturbances experienced in Bishkek in April 2011 and ethnic conflicts experienced in southern Kyrgyzstan in June 2011, created an adverse effect on the economy. The crisis resulted in degradation of investment environment, adversely influenced the foreign investments and increased the current account deficit. These developments adversely influenced the banking sector too. The government attempted to diminish effects of the crisis through financial incentives. The budget deficit emerged as a result of crisis was attempted to be closed through support secured from International Monetary Fund (IMF). IMF, World Bank and Asian Development Bank lent great support to invigorating Kyrgyzstan economy after events of April and July. According to IMF, if political instability goes on in Kyrgyzstan in medium and long term, economic problems shall continue. Uncertainties in banking sector are amongst the main factors which increase the economic risks. Recovery of Kyrgyzstan economy is dependent on medium term financial policy measures to be applied to the economy and balancing the foreign trade.
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Karaman, Ömer Faruk. "The Impacts of the Eurasian Economic Union on the Relations Between Kyrgyzstan and Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.02023.
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With the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russian Federation, trying to develop economic and political relations with various countries, in order to maintain its influence in the newly independent states, is in charge of creating an organization called the Eurasian Economic Union. In this context, the Eurasian Economic Union, which started its activity in January 2015, is an attempt to economic integration among Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan. The Turkish foreign policy has changed in multi-vector direction. Thus, the last events in Eurasia began to attract the attention of Turkey. In this paper, focusing on the perceptions of Eurasia by Russia and Turkey, examines the influence of the Eurasian Economic Union on relations between Turkey and Kyrgyzstan. In this context, Kyrgyzstan's membership in the Eurasian Economic Union, in a political sense, may negatively affect relations between two countries and reduce the presence of Turkey in Kyrgyzstan. Also, because of the expected increasing in customs duties and hence rise in prices for goods imported from Turkey, the decline in demand for Turkish goods is expected. Nevertheless, the possibility of signing free trade agreements between member states, including Kyrgyzstan and Turkey in the long term, will change the political, commercial and cultural relations between two countries in a positive way.
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Erdem, Ekrem, and Oğuzhan Türker. "The Relationship between Economic Liberalisation and Growth for the Central Asian Republics." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00484.
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With the increase in globalization, the liberalisation tendencies have appeared on countries’ economic policies as well as at other areas. The countries have performed liberalisation in almost all the areas of economy by increasing their economic growth. Economic liberalisation movements have especially intensified on foreign trade and finance. The aim of this paper is to exhibit the relationship between economic liberalisation and economic growth for the Central Asian Republics. There are few studies that examine the relationship between economic liberalisation and growth for the Central Asian Republics. In this paper, the relationship between economic liberalisation and economic growth has been tested for 1998-2011 period on the six Central Asian Republics which are Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Nine variables about economic liberalisation have been taken into account in the analysis. We reached two main results. Firstly, the countries have high index scores in terms of business freedom, trade freedom, fiscal freedom, government size and monetary freedom, while they have low index scores in terms of investment freedom, financial freedom, property rights, freedom from corruption. Secondly, there is no long-term relationship between economic freedom and growth for all countries. The available relations that we found out are short-term character.
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Büyükakıncı, Erhan. "The Siberian Factor in the Russian Foreign Policy: Economic Instruments and Geopolitical Games." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01297.
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In this paper, we try to discuss how the Siberian part of the Russian territory can present advantages and disadvantages for Russian foreign policy. Situated in the center of the Eurasian geography, Siberia offers many economic opportunities and energy reserves as well as a strategic value for Russia, whose population and interests are mostly concentrated in the western provinces. Long considered as an isolated continent for exile for political dissidents, Siberia has become nowadays a center of the economic strategies of the Russian administration, in relation with its foreign policy perspectives. As an energy source for natural gas and oil and transit corridor toward China and Kazakhstan, Siberia is now supported through governmental policies of restructuration and labour migration. This new perspective can lead to a new policy of regionalism in connection with foreign policy interests. For the federal center, there is an unavoidable correlation between the domestic and foreign policy stakes with Siberia’s integration in world and regional politics.