Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ladder

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Ladder'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Ladder"

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Beyer, Roman R., Roger L. McCarthy, and Christine T. Wood. "Ergonomic Analysis of Extension Ladders." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 38, no. 14 (1994): 816–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129403801404.

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Although the most serious accident mode associated with extension ladder use has always been “falling off the ladder” there has been increasing attention, recently, on “contact with electric current” or electrocution accidents primarily with aluminum ladders. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) has made several recommendations to address this problem from a technical approach. They have proposed insulating and/or isolating the ladder electrically or replacing it with a fiberglass ladder. Long extension ladders are heavy, and proposed recommendations by the CPSC to make aluminum extension ladders nonconductive include replacing them with fiberglass extension ladders, which will definitely result in a heavier ladder. A heavier ladder has implications for the characteristics of the user population and for types of injury patterns. Occupational accident data show that ladder associated accidents directly related to ladder weight, such as overexertion, are more likely. If ladder weight were increased for example, by using exclusively nonconductive fiberglass ladders, overexertion would be a greater concern. A statics model was developed that uses a variety of variables relevant to the ladder erection process to determine the amount of force required of users to erect various types of extension ladders. Anthropometric data on the male and the female adult population were compared to the ladder user requirements. The percentages of males and of females capable of erecting 12.2-meter (40-foot) extension ladders were determined. Only three percent of female adults have the strength and reach height to erect 12.2-meter (40-foot) fiberglass extension ladders. Mandated use of 12.2-meter (40-foot) fiberglass extension ladders would greatly restrict the numbers of females who could perform jobs requiring the use of such ladders.
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Irsyad Aziz, Andrijani Sumarahinsih, and Delila Cahya Permatasari. "Perancangan Automatic Tail Dock Berbasis Arduino Nano Pada Pesawat Menggunakan Metode PID." Uranus : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro, Sains dan Informatika 2, no. 3 (2024): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.61132/uranus.v2i3.299.

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The aviation industry is one of the service sectors. Due to its large number of users, safety is the primary concern in this industry. To ensure this safety, routine maintenance of operating aircraft is crucial, leading to the emergence of the aircraft maintenance industry. Due to the safety factors of the workpiece, installing ladders requires a significant workforce to supervise the workpiece, namely the aircraft itself, to prevent the ladder from hitting the aircraft body, which can result in COPQ (Cost Of Poor Quality). However, the use of many workers for ladder installation is considered inefficient because the maintenance process could be expedited if these workers could be utilized to install ladders on other parts of the aircraft. Therefore, if maintenance can be completed more quickly, the aircraft can return to flight sooner, meeting the airline's flight demands. Addressing this issue, this study aims to facilitate the ladder installation and removal process, thereby reducing the potential for collisions and ensuring the ladder is positioned at the required distance. This is achieved through ultrasonic sensors mounted on the work ladder, connected to a motor via Arduino Uno. The motor will stop when the input from the ultrasonic sensor reaches the predetermined distance. Additionally, if the aircraft tail moves while the ladder is installed, the system will automatically adjust the ladder's position to maintain the necessary distance, thus minimizing losses during aircraft maintenance.
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Pliner, Erika M., Daina L. Sturnieks, Kurt E. Beschorner, Mark S. Redfern, and Stephen R. Lord. "Ladder Use Ability, Behavior and Exposure by Age and Gender." Geriatrics 9, no. 3 (2024): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9030061.

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This study aimed to quantify and compare ladder use ability and behavior in younger and older men and women from three ladder use behavior experiments. The experimental tasks comprised (1) changing a lightbulb on a household stepladder under two cognitive demands (single and dual task), (2) clearing a simulated roof gutter on a straight ladder and (3) querying ladder choice in different exigency scenarios. Ladder use ability and behavior data were captured from recorded time, performance, motion capture and user choice data. In addition, this study surveyed ladder use frequency and habitual behaviors. The experimental findings indicate that older adults require more time to complete ladder tasks; younger adults display riskier ladder use behaviors; men and women display similar ladder use ability; and men are more willing to climb riskier ladders. The survey found older adults to report more frequent ladder use than younger adults, and men use straight ladders more frequently than women. These results suggest that the reported higher ladder fall rates experienced by older adults and men are linked to increased ladder use exposure and riskier ladder choice. This knowledge can help guide population-specific interventions to reduce ladder falls in both young and older people.
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Hicks, Cameron, Erika M. Pliner, Stephen R. Lord, and Daina L. Sturnieks. "Ladder Use in Older People: Type, Frequency, Tasks and Predictors of Risk Behaviours." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (2021): 9799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189799.

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Ladder fall and injury risk increases with age. People who present to a hospital after an injurious ladder fall have been surveyed, but little is known about ladder use in the community. The purpose of this study was to: (1) document salient factors related to ladder safety, and (2) determine physical, executive function, psychological and frequency-of-use factors associated with unsafe ladder use in older people. One hundred and two older people (aged 65+ years) were recruited. Participants completed questionnaires on demographics, health, and ladder use (type, frequency, task, behaviours) and underwent assessments of physical and executive function ability. Results showed both older men and women commonly use step ladders (61% monthly, 96% yearly), mostly inside the home for tasks such as changing a lightbulb (70%) and decorating (43%). Older men also commonly use straight ladders (27% monthly, 75% yearly), mostly outside the home for tasks such as clearing gutters (74%) and pruning trees (40%). Unsafe ladder use was more common in males and individuals with greater ladder use frequency, greater quadriceps strength, better upper limb dexterity, better balance, better stepping ability, greater self-reported everyday risk-taking, a lower fear of falling, and fewer health problems compared to their counterparts (all p < 0.05). These findings document ladder use by older people and provide insight into unsafe ladder behaviours that may be amenable to interventions to reduce ladder falls and associated injuries.
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Romaniello, Roberto, Antonia Tamborrino, and Alessandro Leone. "Mobile Elevated Work Platforms versus Ladders in Olive Tree Pruning: Evaluation of Physical Activity and Pruning Performance." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health 24, no. 3 (2018): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/jash.12720.

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Abstract. The use of mobile elevated work platforms (MEWPs) versus ladders was studied to evaluate the physical activity (PA) of workers and their performance during olive tree pruning. Accelerometers worn by the workers were used to measure triaxial accelerations, which were converted into PA using Freedson’s equation. The mean values of acceleration on the three axes for workers on ladders led to statistically higher results than for workers on MEWPs. The energy expenditure (EE) and metabolic equivalent (MET) values were statistically different (about 1.8 times higher) for the ladder work site than for the MEWP work site. The use of an MEWP leads to more time spent on moderate activity (84.30%) than when using a ladder (71.90%) but no time on vigorous activity compared to a ladder (13.88%). The pruning performance was 3.8 for the MEWP and 1.4 for the ladder, while the labor productivity was 11.4 for the MEWP and 4.2 for the ladder. Thus, it is possible to reduce worker employment and costs by about 2.7 times with MEWPs. Keywords: Accelerometry, Ladders, Mobile elevated work platform (MEWP), Olive tree pruning, Physical activity, Work overhead.
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Shimooka, So, Koki Katayama, Tetsuya Akagi, et al. "Development of Automatic Ladder Climbing Inspection Robot Using Extension Type Flexible Pneumatic Actuators." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 19, no. 1 (2022): 9593–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.21.0740.

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Recently, old and dilapidated infrastructures such as bridges, chimneys and tunnels have become very serious in Japan. Inspection of the infrastructure was done by climbing the ladders that were set up. However, the inspection becomes dangerous as it is necessary to climb into very high areas and unpredictable weather and conditions. In this study, a lightweight inspection robot that can climb ladders in adverse weather conditions was proposed and tested. To grasp a ladder pillar without hurting, the wrapping motion is required. Therefore, the flexible robot arm that can grasp the ladder pillar while approaching and release it while going away was also proposed and tested. The automatic ladder-climbing inspection robot that consists of two pillar grasping flexible robot arms and a lifting robot arm was proposed and tested. The control system of the robot, driven by four on/off valves and an embedded controller, was also constructed. The ladder climbing experiment using the tested robot was carried out. As a result, it could be confirmed that the robot can climb up and down a ladder with soft gripping the ladder, and the soft robot can be also operated by using only four valves.
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Senchenko, V. A., T. T. Kaverzneva, I. L. Skripnik, and S. V. Voronin. "Engineering Solutions of Ensuring Safety when Performing High-Rise Works from the Ladders." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 10 (October 2020): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2020-10-65-70.

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A great number of injuries when performing the work at height are recorded when falling from the stairs. Injuries due to falling from height including ladders are usually severe and even fatal. At the same time, about 70 % of injuries occur with portable ladders. Most often, the fall of a person is caused by the effect of sliding ladders and breaking the stability of its overall structure. One of the ways to increase the stability of the ladder is to use attachments on its upper part. Depending on the method of coupling with the support, the possibility of adjusting the coupling area, as well as the presence of built-in safety systems, different types of attachments are used. The article considers the forces that cause the slip and fall of the ladder when using it in work. Engineering solutions aimed at preventing the upper part of the ladder from slipping while working on the support are presented. The systematization is carried out concerning the available attachments on ladder by the method of coupling with the support. The evaluation of these engineering solutions in various ways of their application is carried out. A mathematical model is proposed for risk assessment when performing work at height using ladders with attachments. The stability of the ladder with the attachment will be higher, the greater the coefficient of friction of the attachment and the less degrees of freedom of movement in the «attachment — support» bundle. An empirical conclusion is made that the safest attachment at the top of the ladder will be the structure that is fixed on the support. The attachment with an anchor point ensures the safety of work at height, but it is not suitable in all cases. There is no universal effective engineering solution to ensure the safety of work at height from the ladder. Technical safety measures have great potential, since they allow eliminating the human factor in this process.
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Ghorpade, Sudhir R., and Christian Krattenthaler. "Computation of the a-invariant of ladder determinantal rings." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 14, no. 09 (2015): 1540014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498815400149.

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We solve the problem of effectively computing the a-invariant of ladder determinantal rings. In the case of a one-sided ladder, we provide a compact formula, while, for a large family of two-sided ladders, we provide an algorithmic solution.
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Nemire, Kenneth. "Consumer perception of portable ladder hazards and warnings." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (2018): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621094.

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This article describes the results of a survey intended as a preliminary assessment of consumer perceptions of the hazardousness of portable ladders and the warning labels provided on portable ladders. One hundred ten participants responded to an online survey tool called Amazon Mechanical Turk. The survey collected information about participants’ use of ladders, their ratings of familiarity with ladders, perceived hazardousness of portable ladders, and perception of warning labels on portable ladders. Results indicated a small but significant relationship between familiarity with ladders and their perceived hazardousness, and that participants thought that people should be warned about the hazards associated with ladder use. Implications for future research about consumer perception of portable ladder hazards and warnings are described.
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Nguyen, Van Tinh. "Effect of pre-tensioned rope tensions on a ladder structure of turntable ladders." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - HUCE 16, no. 1 (2022): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.huce(nuce)2022-16(1)-12.

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To expand the operating zone and control more precisely, it is vital to enhance the flexural stiffness of the ladder structures of turntable ladders. Based on one set of optimized 3-segment ladders, the author proposed a solution to increase the bending stiffness on each ladder while their mass hardly increases. Steel wire ropes are suggested to be added inside the handrails. They are pre-stretched and controlled to reduce the vertical displacement and rapidly quench oscillation at the ladder top. These benefits have been demonstrated in the dynamic aspect in other works. In this study, the effect of pre-tensioned rope tensions on ladder structure is investigated and evaluated according to current standards. The work includes modeling the ladder structure, defining loads, combining loads, investigating stresses and displacements according to the tension values. Afterward, the positive effects and negative influences, as well as the recommendations on tension load and tensile process, are presented. According to the obtained results, the structure still ensures the working conditions while the tension value reaches the maximum one. Most of the stress values in the structural elements decrease with increasing tension. The vertical displacement at the top decreases significantly.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ladder"

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Strömwall, Joakim. "Staggered Ladder Spectra." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-13872.

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Gulledge, Brenda T. "The Perceptions of Career Ladder I, Career Ladder Ii, and Career Ladder Iii Elementary Principals Regarding Instructional Leadership." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1994. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2917.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if Career Ladder I, Career Ladder II, and Career Ladder III Tennessee Elementary Principals perceived differently their role as instructional leaders. The amount of time principals spent in six identified dimensions of instructional leadership was examined. The study examined selected independent variables, such as, grade level configuration of the school, years of experience as a principal, number of years of classroom experience, and gender for any effect on the Career Ladder I, Career Ladder II, and Career Ladder III elementary principals' perceptions of their instructional leadership role. The research design included three research questions with 16 null hypotheses testing for differences among Career Ladder I, Career Ladder II, and Career Ladder III elementary principals' perceptions of their instructional leadership role. Data were obtained using the Instructional Leadership Survey of Elementary School Principals, a 48-item instrument, administered to 125 elementary principals in the First Tennessee Development District. Both Career Ladder I and Career Ladder III elementary principals indicated significantly greater importance than Career Ladder II elementary principals in their perceptions of their instructional leadership role in the instructional leadership dimensions of observing teachers and classrooms, evaluating and supervising teachers, instructional problem-solving, and planning and developing instructional programs. Female principals indicated greater importance than did male principals in their perceptions of their instructional leadership role in all six identified dimensions of instructional leadership.
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Patil, Satish Amrutrao. "Ladder polymers for photonic applications." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972447490.

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Gad, Soumyashree Shrikant Gad. "Semantic Analysis of Ladder Logic." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1502740043946349.

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Brake, Nancy Elaine Thompson. "The impact of career ladder on district characteristics and career ladder goals in Missouri schools /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9962505.

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Kamprath, Richard Alan. "Impedance matching techniques for ethernet communication systems." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5856.

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In modern local area networks, the communication signals sent from one computer to another across the lines of transmission are degraded because of reflection at the receiver. This reflection can be characterized through the impedances of the transmitter and the receiver, and is defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) as the S11 return loss. The specifications for S11 return loss in Gigabit Ethernet are given in terms of magnitude only in the IEEE 802.3 guidelines. This does not fully take into account, however, the effects of frequency dependant impedances within the bandwidth of interest. With a range of 30% error in the category 5, or CAT5, transmission line impedance used in this specification and no further requirements for individual components within the Gigabit Ethernet port, such as the RJ45 magjack or the physical layer, the system can easily be out of tolerance for return loss error. A simple impedance matching circuit could match the CAT5 cable to the physical layer such that the return loss is minimized and the S21 transmission is maximized. The first part of the project was commissioned by Dell Computer to characterize the return loss of all of its platforms. This thesis goes further in the creation of a system that can balance these two impedances so that the IEEE specification failure rate is reduced with the lowest implementation cost, size, power and complexity. The return loss data were used in the second phase of the project as the basis for component ranges needed to balance the impedance seen at the front of the physical layer to the CAT5 transmission line. Using the ladder network theory, an impedance matching circuit was created that significantly reduced the S11 return loss in the passband of the equivalent ladder network. To manage this iterative process, a control loop was also designed. While this system does not produce the accuracy that a programmable finite impulse response (FIR) filter could, it does improve performance with relatively minimal cost, power, area and complexity.
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Campos, Venuti Lorenzo. "Spin gap in doped ladder systems." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11244201.

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Fung, Pak-shing, and 馮百成. "The conservation plan for Ladder Street." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4758127X.

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- The Conservation Plan for Ladder Street is prepared based on the research findings by going through the early history about the development of the streets in Hong Kong and particularly the driving forces about how the Ladder Street was developed. - Based on site survey to record about the significant value culturally and architecturally of the Ladder Street in this study. - Being part of the urban heritage of Hong Kong, the ever changing in nature of the street will be discussed. Taking the street’s basic function, statutory requirements and together with the significance values into consideration to develop a Conservation Guidelines for conservation and maintenance usage. - The importance of sustainability in conservation for the future generation will also be considered<br>published_or_final_version<br>Conservation<br>Master<br>Master of Science in Conservation
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LINDER, FELICIA, and HANNA WALLNER. "Ski Ladder : Bekvämare lasting i takbox." Thesis, KTH, Produkt- och tjänstedesign, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233350.

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Ett projekt har genomförts som ett kandidatexamensarbete inom Teknisk Design, vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan i Stockholm. Med Thule som samarbetspartner var syftet med projektet att ta fram en produkt som underlättar lastning i takbox. Thule är marknadsledare inom takboxar och har som ambition att förenkla transportering av friluftssaker och på så sätt hjälpa sina kunder att leva ett aktivt liv [1]. Projektets idé grundades på en tes om att folk upplever att lastning i takbox är besvärligt. Utvecklingsprocessen inleddes med en omfattande och grundlig förstudie i form av en enkät,intervjuer, observationer samt informationssökning. Förstudien fokuserade främst på hur takboxar används men innefattade också när och hur ofta de brukas. Dessutom hade förstudien som avsikt skapa gedigna kunskaper i det mesta som har med takboxar att göra; bilmodeller,takräcken, relingar, bilparkeringar samt hjälpmedel för lastning. Med förstudien som grund gjordes en nuläges analys där riktlinjer och krav kunde fastställas inför kommandebutvecklingsprocess. Idégenereringen, i form av skiss- och brainstorming-sessioner samt modelltester resulterade i tre koncept som på olika sätt löser det formulerade problemet; Ställningen, Stegen och Tiltaren. Efter noggrann utvärdering fastställdes att Stegen var bäst lämpad att vidareutvecklas. Resultatet av projektet blev en produkt som fick namnet Ski Ladder, bestående av två huvudsakliga delar; en bygel som fästs mellan takräckena på bilen och en teleskopstege somlutas mot bygeln när den används. Teleskopstegen fälls ut respektive in med en enda handrörelse. I utfällt läge är den 320 mm bred och 1850 mm lång och i hopfällt läge är den 320mm bred och 650 mm lång. Stegen bygger på 7 sektioner aluminiumrör, i dubbel uppsättning vilka är sammanbundna med fyra fotsteg och fyra handtag. Bygeln är roterbar och har två lägen;vertikalt när den inte används och horisontellt när stegen ska lutas mot den. Den är utformad för att sträcka sig 200 mm ut från takräckena i sitt horisontella läge för att möjliggöra brantare lutning på stegen. Den framtagna produkten löser problemet med besvärlig lastning i takboxen genom att tillåta användaren att ta sig närmare lasten med upp till 970 mm.<br>A project has been performed as a bachelor’s degree thesis in engineering design at Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. With Thule as cooperation partner, the objective withthis project was to develop a product that makes it easier to load, and unload a roof box. Thuleis a market leading company within the roof box industry and has the ambition to simplify transportation of outdoor activity gear and that way help their customers live an active life [1]. The idea of the project was founded upon a thesis that people experience discomfort when loading their roof boxes. Initially, a substantial and thorough pre-study was performed. This included a survey, interviews, observations and information retrieval. The focus of the study was mainly to gain information about the usage of roof boxes, but also about when and how often they are used. In addition to this, the study also intended to provide knowledge within almost everything that has to do with roof boxes; types of cars, roof racks, rails, parking spaces and loading equipment. With the pre-study as a foundation, an analysis was made, where upon requirements and guidelines for the development process could be defined. Ideas were generated by sketching, brainstorming and tests using simple models. This resulted in three concepts that, through different technical principles, solve the defined problem; The Gantry, The Ladder and The Tilter. After thorough evaluation, The Ladder was established to be the most suitable concept for further development. The project eventually resulted in a product, given the name Ski Ladder, consisting of two main components; a stem assembled between the roof racks, and a telescopic ladder that rests against the stem. The telescopic ladder extends and retracts through a single push of a button. In its extended position, the ladder measures 320 mm wide and 1850 mm long, and in its folded state 320 mm wide and 650 mm long. The ladder´s foundation consists of a double set of 7 sections of aluminum pipes, interconnected through four footsteps and four handles. The stem is rotatable and has two positions; vertical when not in use, and horizontal when supporting the telescopic ladder. It is designed to stretch 200 mm from the roof racks in its horizontal position. The product solves the problem that was identified in the beginning of this project; discomfort when loading a roof box. The solution allows the user to reduce the distance to the load surface with up to 970 mm.
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Mecker, Satyajit Singh. "A simulator for ladder logic debugging." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53232.

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A simulator for use in programmable controller ladder logic testing is developed. A simulation language, based on SIMSCRIPT 11.5, to model ladder logic run physical systems is also designed. This System Description Language (SDL) handles simulations of the physical systems and the corresponding ladder-system interactions via the usage of specially designed constructs. The simulation package uses as input an SDL program file describing the system to be simulated, and a ladder file containing the ladder written to control this system. The simulation processor generates the actual simulation from the description contained in the SDL program file. A ladder scanning procedure approximates the actual programmable controller scan as closely as possible. The simulator also incorporates the ability for the user to dynamically interact with, and control the simulation by manipulating ladder inputs from the keyboard. A rolling timing diagram display of a maximum of 7 elements can be created and continuously updated for viewing purposes. System simulations of functionally different manufacturing systems are created and run with their respective ladders on the simulator. Different ladders for the same system are compared for evaluating the performance of the control logic of each ladder. These comparisons are based on the viewing of timing diagrams generated by the ladders. Thus, an off-line ladder logic debugging environment is created.<br>Master of Science
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Books on the topic "Ladder"

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McLean, Bruce. Ladder. Knife Edge Press, 1986.

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McLean, Bruce. Ladder. Knife Edge Press ((62 Castelnau, Barnes, SW13 9EX), 1986.

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Smith, Pauline B. Ladder laddies: The Shelburne Volunteer Firefighters. Shelburne Volunteer Fire Dept., 1999.

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Lyon, Malcolm. Bronze Ladder. Matador, 2007.

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Anna, Wenger, and Pineda Eric, eds. Planet ladder. Tokyopop, 2005.

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Harris, H. S. Hegel's ladder. Hackett, 1997.

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Harris, H. S. Hegel's ladder. Hackett Pub, 1997.

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Shepeṭinsḳi, Yaʻaḳov. Jacob's ladder. Minerva, 1996.

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Egan, Greg. Schild's ladder. PerfectBound, 2004.

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Harris, H. S. Hegel's ladder. Hackett, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ladder"

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Bergman, Tomas. "Ladder sequencing." In Proteomics in Functional Genomics. Birkhäuser Basel, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8458-7_9.

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Ottmar, Roger D. "Ladder Fuels." In Encyclopedia of Wildfires and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51727-8_233-1.

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Ottmar, Roger D. "Ladder Fuels." In Encyclopedia of Wildfires and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52090-2_233.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Ladder Polymers." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_6737.

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Allen, Janet. "Concept Ladder." In Inside Words. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032681313-3.

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Mishra, Munmaya, and Biao Duan. "Ladder Polymers." In The Essential Handbook of Polymer Terms and Attributes. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003161318-86.

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"ladder." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_120033.

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"Ladder." In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_9175.

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"Ladder." In Wally’s Stories. Harvard University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv26071sq.36.

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"ladder." In The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Fashion. Fairchild Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365287.1528.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ladder"

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Cano, Santi, Carlos Caballero, Lluís Acosta, Mario Faura, Jordi Verdú, and Pedro de Paco. "Breaking the Ladder Bandwidth Limitation: Synthesis of Acoustic Wave Ladder Filters adding Parallel Connected Resonators." In 2024 IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Joint Symposium (UFFC-JS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/uffc-js60046.2024.10793620.

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Kyrola, Erkki, and Markus Lindberg. "Spectra of ladder systems." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.my5.

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A strong laser field interacting with an atom or a molecule can induce a coherent process which includes a large number of energy levels. If we can find a transformation which eliminates the explicit time dependence of the interaction Hamiltonian (for example, the rotating-wave approximation), we can reduce the dynamic problem to the consideration of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Hamiltonian. However, the complexity of an arbitrary multilevel Hamiltonian usually forces us to use numerical methods, and, therefore, not much general understanding about multilevel systems can be achieved. We consider the multilevel problems in a more general setting. Our approach is based on the observation that an arbitrary Hamiltonian matrix can be transformed into a tridiagonal form by unitary transformation.1 A tridiagonal form represents a ladder-type multilevel system. From all W-level systems the ladder configuration is the simplest in the sense that the number of level connections is the smallest possible. This means that the most effective analysis of a given multilevel system can be achieved using the transformation to ladder configuration. The spectral analysis of ladders is facilitated by the connections to orthogonal polynomials and continued fractions. The investigations about the spectral properties of ladders are reported.
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Knox, Erick H., Michael P. Van Bree, Matthew T. Kenner, and John A. Wilkinson. "Structural Stepladder Failure: Analysis of Root Cause." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11551.

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It is estimated that over 100,000 people each year are injured as a result of falls from ladders. Stepladders are one of the many different types of portable ladders, and are used frequently both on the job and around the home. Many times a fall from a stepladder is accompanied by a damaged ladder. In particular, one or both front side rails are often bent inward below the lowest step, and the lowest step buckled upward. This paper investigates the root cause of these types of structural failures through multiple analytical methods, including calculations, strain gage analysis, computer modeling, specialized strength and stability testing, and analysis of the user dynamics on the ladder. Results include data collected from various ladder makes (wood, aluminum, or fiberglass), sizes, and duty ratings (200 pounds, 225 pounds, 250 pounds, and 300 pounds). Additionally, the results were compared to the requirements of the existing ladder safety standards. The results demonstrate that the above described damage patterns do not occur when the ladder is upright on all four legs under normal use circumstances. Instead, the analyses conducted herein show that the damage results from the dynamic forces of the user impacting the ladder after the ladder has already substantially tipped over.
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Barnett, Ralph L. "Ladder Slide Out: First Order Analysis." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/rsafp-8865.

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Abstract One of the more important collapse modes for straight, combination, and extension ladders is base slide out; the top of the ladder slides down the support wall as the base slips away from it. Various fundamental models have been used to study this behavior. This paper revisits the analytical solutions associated with these models and describes their implications for the analysis, design, and testing of ladders.
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Hammond, Tracy, and Randall Davis. "LADDER." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses. ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1185657.1185788.

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Barnett, Ralph L. "Characterization of Task Specific Force Systems and the Rational Selection of A-Frame Ladders." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70280.

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Because it is inexpensive, an A-Frame ladder is routinely chosen to perform specific aerial work tasks. Presently, these death defying activities cannot be evaluated a priori using information furnished by ladder manufacturers relative to the resistance of their ladders or by trade organizations who cannot define the reasonably foreseeable load environment for various construction tasks. This paper proposes a methodology for rationally evaluating the safety of A-Frame ladders for specific overhead work tasks. A force-plate, normally used in gait testing, is used to safely support workers engaged in a specific work task. The force-plate output can be used to characterize the loading environment for a menu of important operations such as tuck pointing, painting, installation of lighting fixtures, speakers, and ceiling fans. Using statics, the loading menu may be accessed to simulate the forces applied to any ladder under any user profile. The overturning resistance of A-Frame ladders must be established by testing; static stability calculations are unconservative. When the loading environment associated with the installation of a typical ductwork detail was compared to the resistance of a special duty A-Frame ladder, the applied forces sometimes exceeded its lateral resistance. This is consistent with our field experience involving six death cases of sheet metal workers.
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Sylla, Cristina Maria, Ahmed Sabbir Arif, Elena Márquez Segura, and Eva Irene Brooks. "Paper ladder." In MobileHCI '17: 19th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services. ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3098279.3122139.

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Munsell, W. P. "Dynamic Instability and Failure in Ladder-Style Hunting Treestands Due to Sudden Loss of the Horizontal Brace." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95944.

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Abstract There are a variety of consumer products designed to aid the hunter in ascending a tree and provide an elevated platform for spotting game and firing their weapon. One of the most widely used is the ladder-style hunting treestand. Such a stand combines up to a 20-foot ladder with a standing/seating platform to create a dual-purpose structure. Although these products perform the same function, ladder-style hunting treestand manufacturers do not observe the requirements of ANSI A14.2, American National Standard for Ladders - Portable Metal - Safety Requirements [1]. Instead, they adhere to the much less rigorous ASTM series of standards for treestands [2–5]. While the ANSI standard addresses the performance of metal ladders under foreseeable conditions of installation, including user error, the ASTM standards do not address the performance of ladder-style hunting treestands during the installation phase whatsoever. This phase is especially critical for such treestands, because they require the user to ascend the ladder to the platform at the top before the platform is secured to the tree by ratchet straps. Prior to ascending the ladder, all known commercially available designs require the user to affix an adjustable horizontal brace between the tree and the mid-point of the ladder. It has been demonstrated in the field that sudden release of this horizontal brace can occur for several reasons. If this happens during initial installation, the lack of a secure platform allows the structure to cascade down the tree, injuring the user. The scope of the problem is significant. Indeed, investigators have shown that falling from treestands is the number one source of medically attended injuries for hunters, out-pacing injuries related to firearms [6]. Better understanding of the role of the brace in these collapses is needed. Because the typical ladder-style treestand design is statically indeterminate, a static analysis is not possible. Moreover, testing conducted for this paper demonstrates that the load carried by the brace is relatively minimal, and the structure will support its rated load without the brace in place. How then, do such catastrophic collapses occur when the brace connections separate during use? This paper investigates the nature of the failure mode and identifies the relevant design and usage parameters that enable it. It was found that due to the segmented design of the ladder, the tolerances allowed in the joints between segments, and the weak rail cross-sections employed, that small changes in brace length adjustment can affect the initial geometry of the assembly in ways that significantly impact its ability to arrest the momentum developed if the brace suddenly detaches under load. If the initial momentum is great enough, the ladder rails will yield in bending before equilibrium can be re-established. If the amount of yielding approaches a plastic hinge, the collapse will be comprehensive. Finally, recommendations are made for improved designs that can preclude this mode of failure.
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Furfaro, Angelo, and Ludovica Sacco. "Adaptive Ladder Queue." In SIGSIM-PADS '18: SIGSIM Principles of Advanced Discrete Simulation. ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3200921.3200925.

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Barnett, Ralph L., and Peter J. Poczynok. "Ladder Rung vs. Siderail Hand Grip Strategies." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/sera-24001.

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Abstract When climbers lose their foothold on fixed, straight or extension ladders, the incipient fall may be arrested by gripping either the ladder rungs or siderails. Grasping the rungs provides an interference or power grip; squeezing the siderails provides a friction grip which is the primary focus of this paper. The falling scenario begins with free fall that lasts for the duration of the simple reaction time. Free fall is then decelerated by contravening friction forces derived from hand grip forces rapidly applied to the siderails. Using hand grip/time histories for various individuals, their fall distances were calculated for bare and gloved hands on a vertical steel fixed ladder. Sometimes the candidates could not arrest their falls; often their fall distance was too great to prevent ground impact. Under some circumstances, the vertical motion was brought under timely control. Although a rich literature is available for characterizing grip strength, data reflecting grip/time profiles does not appear. Grip strength/time diagrams were measured for fourteen test subjects.
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Reports on the topic "Ladder"

1

Smith, M. Pelton Ladder Master Plan. Test accounts, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6177194.

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Chochoms, Michael. Ladder Safety Live #12985. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1345132.

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Smith, Max. Pelton Ladder Master Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/772960.

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Pascale, Andrew, Shoibal Chakravarty, Paul Lant, Simon Smart, and Chris Greig. Surprises up the energy ladder. The University of Queensland, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/uql.2017.373.

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Jones, D. D. Sodium storage facility ladder logic diagrams. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/325415.

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Haltiwanger, John, Henry Hyatt, and Erika McEntarfer. Who Moves Up the Job Ladder? National Bureau of Economic Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23693.

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Garcia, Christine G. Dental Laboratory Career Ladder (AFSC 4Y0X2). Defense Technical Information Center, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada364169.

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Ball, Lester A. Still Photographic Career Ladder, AFSC 231X2. Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada253806.

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Ratzmann, Paul. D0 Silicon Upgrade: Ladder Assembly Sequences. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1033316.

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Moscarini, Giuseppe, and Fabien Postel-Vinay. The Job Ladder: Inflation vs. Reallocation. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w31466.

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