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1
Venegas, Pablo, Francisco Calderon, Daniel Riofrío, et al. "Automatic ladybird beetle detection using deep-learning models." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0253027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253027.
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Fast and accurate taxonomic identification of invasive trans-located ladybird beetle species is essential to prevent significant impacts on biological communities, ecosystem functions, and agricultural business economics. Therefore, in this work we propose a two-step automatic detector for ladybird beetles in random environment images as the first stage towards an automated classification system. First, an image processing module composed of a saliency map representation, simple linear iterative clustering superpixels segmentation, and active contour methods allowed us to generate bounding boxes with possible ladybird beetles locations within an image. Subsequently, a deep convolutional neural network-based classifier selects only the bounding boxes with ladybird beetles as the final output. This method was validated on a 2, 300 ladybird beetle image data set from Ecuador and Colombia obtained from the iNaturalist project. The proposed approach achieved an accuracy score of 92% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.977 for the bounding box generation and classification tasks. These successful results enable the proposed detector as a valuable tool for helping specialists in the ladybird beetle detection problem.
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Kovalenko, Tatyana K., and Elena N. Lastushkina. "Potato resistance to the potato ladybird beetles Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata Motsch. (Coleoptera, Coccinelidae) – assessment data." Far Eastern Agrarian Herald, no. 4 (2020): 36–40. https://doi.org/10.22450/1999-6837-2020-4-36-40.
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The potato ladybird beetle is one of the most dangerous potato pests. The purpose of this work is to assess potato varieties as to resistance to phytophage in the climates of the Primorsky Region. The objects of the study were the potato ladybird beetles Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata Motsch., potato varieties of various maturity groups. Experimental work was carried out in the years 2015-2019 under laboratory and field conditions according to the methods of the research into potato resistance to pests. As the result of the research, varieties with a pronounced manifestation of antibiosis to potato ladybird beetle larvae were identified. Varietal resistance to colonization and damage caused by potato ladybird beetles was determined. There were significant differences in the pest population rate on the plants. According to the results of the assessment, the varieties Koroleva Anna, Impala, Rodriga, Pamyaty Rogachyova, Artemovets, Kazachok showed resistance to potato ladybird beetles. It was found that the varieties Yubilyar, Bellarosa, Latona, Bryansky Delikates were more preferable for the development of the pest and nonresistant to damage.
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Ermak, M. V., N. V. Matsishina, and P. V. Fisenko. "Phenology of the 28-spotted potato ladybird beetle <i>Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata</i> in the south of the Russian Far East." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 3 (June 23, 2022): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2022-3-62-70.
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Relevance. The 28-spotted potato ladybird beetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata, causes severe damage to plants of the Solanaceae family in the south of the Russian Far East. Today the application of chemicals is the main method for protecting crops against the potato ladybird beetle. This leads not only to the eradication of the pest, but also to the pollution of agricultural ecosystems and the emergence of potato ladybird beetle populations that are resistant to pesticides. A study on the seasonal cycles of the development of the potato ladybird beetle may help to devise new methods for controlling this pest.Methods. We conducted laboratory experiments to study the developmental timing ofa potato ladybird beetlepopulation. The number of eggs was counted, and then the eggs were placed in Petri dishes. The number of emerged larvae was recorded on a daily basis. The hatched larvae were transferred to glass containers (hereafter rearing cages) in batches of 10. We recorded the dates of the transition from one immature developmental stage to another notingthe simultaneity of these transitions. At the onset of the pupal stage, the date was recorded and food was withdrawn from the rearing cages. Scientific observations were carried out on the emergence ofyoung beetles. Field research on the phenology of the potato ladybird beetle was conducted at afield site of 40 m2. The timing of the following events was recorded: the emergence of the adult beetles from diapause, the colonization of the potato field, the beginning and the end of oviposition, the emergence of the larvae and the pupae, the flight of the new insect generation.Results and conclusion. Our laboratory experiment on the immature developmental stages of the potato ladybird beetle revealed that the egg stage was 4-5 days in duration, the larval stage was 16-17 days and the pupal stage was 4-5 daysunder optimal conditions. We also observed deviations from the mean values, which could be conditioned by external factors. For instance, the duration of embryonic development depended either on humidity or on the time range of hatching from one egg mass. The observed deviations of the developmental timing of the larvae and the pupae were most probably due to the quantity and quality of the available food, and the presence of secondary metabolites and glycoalkaloids in it. The field research on thephenology of the potato ladybird beetle showed that there was only one generation in 2020, but two generations in 2021. After comparing climatic conditions in 2020 and 2021, we concluded that Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata can produce two generations during dry and hot years.
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Bajracharya, Sushila, Prem Bahadur Budha, and Suraj Baral. "Feeding efficiency of Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus and Propylea luteopustulata (Mulsant) against Mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach)." Nepalese Journal of Zoology 7, no. 1 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njz.v7i1.56304.
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Ladybird beetles are efficient natural predators of aphids, particularly the ladybird beetles are efficient natural predators of aphids, particularly the widespread mustard pest, Lipaphis erysimi. This study compared the feeding efficiency of two adult predator ladybird beetle species Coccinella septempunctata and Propylea luteopustulata against L. erysimi in an experimental set-up for forty-nine days from 29 December 2019 to 15 February 2020. Five replicates of each beetle species were supplied with 100 aphids daily and their feeding rate was counted. Negative binomial regression analysis of these predator beetles showed that C. septempunctata consumed a significantly high number of mustard aphid individuals (29.42 ± 1.33) than P. luteopustulata (23.20 ± 1.07) at room temperature and relative humidity. Temperature and relative humidity also influenced the feeding rate of these beetles. The feeding rate of P. luteopustulata against a mustard pest aphid is described for the first time. The findings of the study will be an important aspect in the biological control of pests in Nepalese agroecosystems.
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Patel, P. B., and M. K. Jena. "Population dynamics of sucking pests, natural enemies, and the incidence of yellow mosaic disease on Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek in relation to weather factors." ENTOMON 49, no. 4 (2024): 553–56. https://doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v49i4.1346.
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The investigation on population dynamics of sucking pests, their natural enemies, and the per cent disease incidence (PDI) of mung bean yellow mosaic disease (YMD) on Vigna radiata was conducted. During the harvest of the crop, the population of Aphis craccivora, Empoasca kerri, ladybird beetle, and the PDI of YMD was the highest on the 17th Standard meteorolo gical week (SMW). In contrast, the population of Bemisia tabaci was at its peak on the 15th SMW. The minimum temperature had highly significant positive correlation with the population of A. craccivora, E. kerri, B. tabaci, ladybird beetle, and the PDI of YMD. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between wind velocity and the population of ladybird beetles. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between the PDI of YMD and the population of B. tabaci.
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Vilcinskas, Andreas, Krishnendu Mukherjee, and Heiko Vogel. "Expansion of the antimicrobial peptide repertoire in the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1750 (2013): 20122113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2113.
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The harlequin ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis has emerged as a model species in invasion biology because of its strong resistance against pathogens and remarkable capacity to outcompete native ladybirds. The invasive success of the species may reflect its well-adapted immune system, a hypothesis we tested by analysing the transcriptome and characterizing the immune gene repertoire of untreated beetles and those challenged with bacteria and fungi. We found that most H. axyridis immunity-related genes were similar in diversity to their counterparts in the reference beetle Tribolium castaneum , but there was an unprecedented expansion among genes encoding antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs). We identified more than 50 putative AMPs belonging to seven different gene families, and many of the corresponding genes were shown by quantitative real-time RT–PCR to be induced in the immune-stimulated beetles. AMPs with the highest induction ratio in the challenged beetles were shown to demonstrate broad and potent activity against Gram-negative bacteria and entomopathogenic fungi. The invasive success of H. axyridis can therefore be attributed at least in part to the greater efficiency of its immune system, particularly the expansion of AMP gene families and their induction in response to pathogens.
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Garbary, David J., Sarah Fraser, Carrie Ferguson, and Randolph F. Lauff. "Use of Eelgrass, Zostera marina, Wrack by Three Species of Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Prince Edward Island." Canadian Field-Naturalist 118, no. 2 (2004): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v118i2.917.
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Large numbers of the introduced ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata L., were present at Wood Islands and Green Point, Prince Edward Island, in wrack consisting primarily of Zostera marina L. (Eelgrass). The wrack occurred in a 0.5 to 1.0 m band parallel to the shore, and was from five to 25 cm thick. The other ladybirds, Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (L.), an introduced coccinellid also found in high numbers, and an individual of the native Hippodamia tredecimpunctata (Say) were found only at Wood Islands. At both sites the ladybird beetles occurred in the mid-intertidal zone along at least 100 m of shoreline, and were absent to rare on the terrestrial vegetation above the high tide mark. At four of the other eight sites surveyed, occasional individuals were present in the wrack, but they were no more abundant than could be observed on landward vegetation. Mean densities of C. septempunctata at the two primary sites were 52 m-2 (Green Point) and 410 m-2 (Wood Islands).
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Ermak, M. V., N. V. Matsishina, and P. V. Fisenko. "The 28-spotted potato ladybird beetle <i>Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata</i> (Motsch.) in Primorsky kray: the history of the pest (review)." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 5 (September 26, 2022): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2022-5-94-97.
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The 28-spotted potato ladybird beetle is an endemicspecies of the Russian Far East. Nowadays the potato ladybird beetle is widespread across Primorsky and Khabarovsky kray, south Sakhalin, Kunashir Island, and in China, Japan, and India. This paper presents historical data on the dispersal of the potato ladybird beetle in Russia. The first records of the pest presence in the coastal area of Primorsky kray were made in 1929. In the 1950s and 1960s, the pest was observed to inhabit not only the forest steppe zone and the districts adjacent to the taiga in Primorsky kray, but also Khabarovsky kray, Amur oblast and Jewish autonomous oblast. The process of dispersal of the potato ladybird beetle can be divided in several stages: the formation of a new breeding ground, an increase in the size of the pest population, the dispersal of the pest. The range expansion of the potato ladybird beetle can be linked to two facts. First, the land area under potato cultivation increased and neared the breeding grounds of the pest. Secondly, thedietary preference of the phytophagous insect shifted to the new fodder plant. In addition, the development of transportation routes played an important role in the dispersal of the pest. Therefore, anthropogenic factors significantly affected the distribution of the potato ladybird beetle. These factors in combination with a high ecological plasticity of the pest allowed the phytophagous insect to spread across the whole area under potato cultivation in the south of the Russian Far East.
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Manimala, R. Naveena, Shashikala M., C. N. Rajarushi, et al. "Distribution and Abundance of Seven Spotted Ladybird Beetle (Coccinella septempunctata) Linnaeus in Different Cropping System at Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, no. 17 (2024): 220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i174364.
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The primary objective of this research is to provide insight into how abiotic factors affect the coccinellid beetle population in Pantnagar region, India. The current study was conducted at six distinct Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, regions between November 2020 and April 2021. Predatory coccinellid beetle C. septumpunctata, diversity was investigated in a variety of crops, including ornamental, vegetable, fruit, and field crops. Seasonal abundance of C. septumpunctata, in different crops revealed that during the 50th standard meteorological week (SMW), there were more coccinellids in mustard fields than in other field crops. This suggests that conditions were favourable for both predators and prey. Similar to this, during the 12th SMW, rose crops had a high population of coccinellids, and during the 15th SMW, coriander had the largest population of ladybird beetles (98) among vegetable crops. Guava had the largest population of ladybird beetles in fruit orchards (75). Correlation studies between the population of ladybird beetles and weather factors revealed that in crops like mustard, rose, guava, and coriander, where high numbers of coccinellids were observed, the climatic conditions favored the coccinellids, and the availability of prey species.
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Pal, Suprakash, Biwash Gurung, Ponnusamy Natarajan, and Partha Sarathi Medda. "New prey record of giant ladybird beetle Anisolemnia dilatata (Fabricius) (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) feeding on Som Plant Aphid Aiceona sp." Journal of Threatened Taxa 15, no. 1 (2023): 22551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7450.15.1.22551-22555.
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This paper reports the occurrence of giant ladybird beetle Anisolemnia dilatata (Fabricius) (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) predating upon the aphid, Aiceona sp. infesting the Som plants, Persea bombycina Kost. from Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India. This is a new prey record for the Giant ladybird beetle.
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Ermak, M. V., and N. V. Matsishina. "The potato ladybird beetle <I>Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata</I> (Motsch.): classification, morphology and harmfulness (review)." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 6 (December 10, 2022): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2022-6-97-103.
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The 28-spotted potato ladybird beetle belongs to the subfamily Epilachninae, which is comprised exclusively by phytophagous insects. The potato ladybird beetle is a dangerous pest of potato in the south of the Russian Far East. Besides potato, it causes damage to tomatoes, cucumbers, watermelons, marrows and eggplants. Adult beetles and larvae eat the parenchyma of leaves severely damaging them. As the result, leaves turn yellow and wither. One beetle can eat up to 15 cm2 of leave surface on average per day, and 300-700 cm2 over its lifetime. A larva can eat from 20 to 30 cm2 of leave surface while developing. This significantly reduces the yield. The body of an adult beetle is small (males, 4-6 mm; female, 5-7 mm), dome-shaped, and elliptical. The elytra are yellow or brownish with 28 black round spots. Some spots, especially the ones along the line of junction, can partially merge. The color of the underside of male beetles is lighter than in females. Male beetles have yellow or less frequently darkened prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax, epimera, and the uppermost edge of the sternites of the abdomen. The anal sternite of the abdomen has a curve with two depressions. The underside of a female beetle is black. The uppermost edge of the anal sternite is straight and with a flat depression. The body of a larva is greyish, oval and with numerous setae. There are 4 rows of black chitinous spinules on the back. Depending on an instar, larvae have a different number of projections on the chitinous spinules. Pupae are exarate, light yellow, and have larval skin remnants at the apex of the abdomen. There are two large black spots on the backside of the thoracic segments. The spots on the abdominal segments are smaller. Fairly long protruding setae grow sparsely on the bodies of pupae. Eggs of the potato ladybird beetle are yellow, elongated, with a pointed apex and a flat bottom. The surface of an egg is characterized by a fine cellular structure.
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Singh, Priya, Geetanjali Mishra, and Omkar. "Influence of body size and familiarity on mating and reproductive parameters in the zig-zag ladybird beetle, Menochilus sexmaculatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no. 5 (2019): 453–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0344.
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Body size often indicates an individual’s quality and so mate selection is typically for larger individuals, including in ladybirds (Coccinellidae). Many organisms including ladybirds are also are known to refuse mating attempts with familiar individuals, but whether at the expense of mating with larger individuals is not clear. We assessed the cumulative effect of body size and familiarity on mating and reproductive behaviour in the zig-zag ladybird beetle (Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius, 1781) = Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius, 1781)). For this study, individuals were separated into small- and large-bodied individuals and allowed to mate in all possible combinations. Furthermore, following the first mating, an immediate second mating was provided to the males, with either a familiar (same as in the first mating) or an unfamiliar (new female with the same mating status) female. Mating and reproductive parameters were recorded. The mating duration was longer with familiar partners than unfamiliar individuals. Mating duration was shorter for the second mating, suggesting that mating and ejaculate transfer are costly, to assure higher reproductive success. In this ladybird beetle, familiarity modified mating duration, whereas fecundity and egg viability were influenced by body size.
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Baek, Sang-Min, Sojung Yim, Soo-Hwan Chae, Dae-Young Lee, and Kyu-Jin Cho. "Ladybird beetle–inspired compliant origami." Science Robotics 5, no. 41 (2020): eaaz6262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aaz6262.
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Origami can enable structures that are compact and lightweight. The facets of an origami structure in traditional designs, however, are essentially nondeformable rigid plates. Therefore, implementing energy storage and robust self-locking in these structures can be challenging. We note that the intricately folded wings of a ladybird beetle can be deployed rapidly and effectively sustain aerodynamic forces during flight; these abilities originate from the geometry and deformation of a specialized vein in the wing of this insect. We report compliant origami inspired by the wing vein in ladybird beetles. The deformation and geometry of the compliant facet enables both large energy storage and self-locking in a single origami joint. On the basis of our compliant origami, we developed a deployable glider module for a multimodal robot. The glider module is compactly foldable, is rapidly deployable, and can effectively sustain aerodynamic forces. We also apply our compliant origami to enhance the energy storage capacity of the jumping mechanism in a jumping robot.
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Kibulei, Ernest, Abdul Kudra, Sija Kabota, and Jackline Bakengesa. "Diversity of Ladybird Beetle Communities (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) under different Cucurbit Farming practices in Morogoro, Tanzania." Journal of Current Opinion in Crop Science 4, no. 2 (2023): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.62773/jcocs.v4i2.199.
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The farmers' friends, ladybird beetles, serve as predators to keep the plant-feeding insects from reaching damaging population levels and could be helpful in pest management. Farming strategies that retain biodiversity could be a viable option for pest management in agricultural systems. The current study examines the effects of various management practices on ladybird beetle diversity in cucurbit crops in both conventional and agroecological contexts. Trapping and netting were used to collect data on the diversity of these ladybird beetles in 2021. Collected data were analyzed using R software to determine both alpha and beta diversity. In the plateau and mountainous zones, 222 predatory ladybird beetles were collected, with nine genera and 12 species classified. Cheilomenes lunata (28.82 %) was the most prevalent of the nine (9) genera in terms of the total number of individuals, followed by Cheilomenes sulphurea (20.72 %) and Hippodamia variegata (15.90 %). The plateau zone collected 64.86 % of the total, while the mountainous zone comprised 35.14%. These findings are important in the decision-making and effective biological control and management of cucurbit crop pests. This study will help to gain insights into ecological balance and pest management.
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Bilal, Muhammad, Miao Jin, Wei Jizhen, et al. "Dietary Ecology of Predatory Insects Examining the Role of Prey and Non Prey Foods of Ladybird Beetle." Asian Plant Research Journal 12, no. 6 (2024): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2024/v12i6279.
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Ladybird beetles consume a wide variety of non-prey items in their natural habitats, including aphids, fruits, plants, fungi, honeydew, and nectar. These non-prey foods play several critical roles, such as boosting fertility, decreasing mortality during dormancy, supporting migration, and enhancing survival during times when prey is scarce. Larval ladybird beetles have more specialized nutritional needs compared to adults, with simple carbohydrates being crucial nutrients that can improve adult beetle function and reproductive success. Non-prey foods often provide similar or greater nutritional and caloric content compared to prey. Each non-prey item has distinct defense mechanisms and nutritional benefits, influencing its suitability for ladybird beetles. Research comparing diets consisting solely of prey with mixed diets that include non-prey foods revealed that while pollen improved larval and adult performance, a diet high in sugar alone was less effective for reproduction compared to an aphid-based diet. Wheat, which lacks essential nutrients such as proteins, could not adequately support egg production and larval development. Although pollen did enhance overall performance, it could not completely offset the nutritional shortcomings of a diet high in sugar. Adding sugar to a diet did not markedly enhance the performance of ladybird beetles compared to a diet composed entirely of prey. This review underscores the need to understand the varied diet of ladybird beetles within their ecological context, as it has significant implications for the success of conservation-oriented biological control effort.
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Richards, David P., Rohit N. Patel, Ian R. Duce, et al. "(−)-Adaline from the Adalia Genus of Ladybirds Is a Potent Antagonist of Insect and Specific Mammalian Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors." Molecules 27, no. 20 (2022): 7074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27207074.
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Ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) possess strong chemical defences that are secreted in response to stress and are also found on the coating of eggs, which are rich in alkaloids that are responsible for their toxicity to other species. Recent studies have shown that alkaloids from several species of ladybird beetle can target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) acting as receptor antagonists. Here, we have explored the actions of (−)-adaline, found in the 2-spot (Adalia bipunctata) and 10-spot (Adalia decempunctata) ladybirds, on both mammalian (α1β1γδ, α7, α4β2, α3β4) and insect nAChRs using patch-clamp of TE671 cells and locust brain neurons natively expressing nAChRs, as well as two-electrode voltage clamp of Xenopus laevis oocytes recombinantly expressing nAChRs. All nAChR subtypes were antagonised by (−)-adaline in a time-dependent, voltage-dependent and non-competitive manner with the lowest IC50s at rat α3β4 (0.10 μM) and locust neuron (1.28 μM) nAChRs, at a holding potential of −75 mV. The data imply that (−)-adaline acts as an open channel blocker of nAChRs.
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Matsishina, Nathalia Valerievna, Marina Vladimirovna Ermak, Irina Vyacheslavovna Kim, et al. "Allelochemical Interactions in the Trophic System «Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata Motschulsky—Solanum tuberosum Linneus»." Insects 14, no. 5 (2023): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14050459.
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Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata is an intrinsic element in the agroecosystem of potato fields. The issues of relationships in the system “potato ladybird beetle—potato plant” have not yet been studied. To study the effect of potato varieties on the potato ladybird beetle, only hatched and active larvae with a hatching rate close to 100% were selected from a laboratory colony. Larvae of the first summer generation collected in potato fields were used in our study to determine the level of adrenaline in the bodies of insects, fresh potato leaves were used to study the content of glycoalkaloids, the content and activity of proteinase inhibitors. The larvae that fed on plants of varieties Belmonda, Queen Anne, Lilly, Dachny, Kazachok, Yubilyar, and Avgustin demonstrated the highest level of stress while the stress level in those that fed on variety Smak was the lowest. The damage inflicted by potato ladybird beetles on leaves of some studied potato varieties led to a progressive increase in the content of glycoalkaloids already within 24 h after the phytophages had been transferred. In most cases, the content of glycoalkoloids increased by 20% within five days. Potato ladybird beetles feeding on plants of different potato varieties caused a progressive increase in proteinase inhibitors (% of the control). Plants of variety Smak did not show a significant increase in the content of alkaloids in the herbage in response to the damage. A correlation was established between the mortality rate, the activity of proteinase inhibitors, the dynamics of glycoalkaloids, and the level of adrenaline, which could be formulated as follows: the higher the content of glycoalkaloids and the activity of proteinase inhibitors in the tissues of potato plants, the higher the level of stress in the potato ladybird beetles that feed on them.
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SHUBHAM, SANJEEVANI, and Gaganpreet Bali. "Distribution and Impact of Beetles in Agriculture and Integrated Pest Management (IPM)." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 46, no. 6 (2025): 147–55. https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2025/v46i64852.
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The Indian subcontinent, with its diverse landscapes and climate variables, harbors a rich and varied beetle fauna. This effort aims to provide an overview of the distribution patterns of beetles across the region, considering factors such as geographical location, altitude, temperature, and rainfall. By analyzing existing literature and conducting field surveys, we had identified key beetle hotspots and assess the impact of human activities on their distribution. Understanding the distribution of beetles in the Indian subcontinent is crucial for conservation efforts and ecological research. The species which are studied: Blister Beetle, Aquatic Beetle, Ladybird Beetle, Dung Beetle, Ground Beetle. This review article focusses on the major beetles found in the Mohali region of Punjab. This article also focuses on the IPM which is the holistic approach to pest management that combines various strategies to minimize pesticide use while maintaining crop productivity and profitability. Beetles play a significant role in IPM strategies, both as targets of control measures and as beneficial agents that can be harnessed for natural pest suppression.
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Chowdhury, Zinat, Jaher Ahmed, Ashika Shitel, and Sushmita Saha. "Status of the major insect pests of squash plants at fruiting stage." Fundamental and Applied Agriculture 7, no. 3 (2022): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/faa.114314.
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Squash is a common cucurbitaceous vegetable in tropical and sub-tropical regions that is infested by a wide variety of insect pests. Therefore, the experiment was conducted to assess the status of insect pests in three different squash varieties viz., Pahu, Ahung, and SQ10 during the reproductive stage. It was observed that the total number of insect pests in the Pahu variety was significantly higher than Ahung, and SQ10. During the fruiting stage, 10 insects have been identified as harmful, while 6 were recorded as beneficial. The harmful insects were the blue pumpkin beetle, red pumpkin beetle, green long-legged fly, fruit flies, ants, blowfly, butterfly, grasshopper, house fly, and mosquito. The blue pumpkin beetle was significantly higher than all other insect species in all the varieties followed by the green long-lagged fly, the red pumpkin beetle, and fruit flies. Meanwhile, the number of butterflies and blowflies were the lowest of all the varieties. The ladybird beetle, hoverfly, tachinid fly, bumble bee, and honeybee were the most common beneficial insects found in squash fruits. However, a significant difference was observed among the beneficial insects, and the number of ladybird beetles was significantly higher than that of other insects, regardless of the variety. Therefore, the variety Pahu is considered the most susceptible to insect pests compared to Ahung and SQ10.
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Gutierrez, A. P., F. Schulthess, L. T. Wilson, A. M. Villacorta, C. K. Ellis, and J. U. Baumgaertner. "ENERGY ACQUISITION AND ALLOCATION IN PLANTS AND INSECTS: A HYPOTHESIS FOR THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF HORMONES IN INSECT FEEDING PATTERNS." Canadian Entomologist 119, no. 2 (1987): 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent119109-2.
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AbstractA distributed delay age structure model is presented for plants and insects that describes the dynamics of per capita energy (dry matter) acquisition and allocation patterns, and the within-organism subunit (e.g. leaves, fruit, ova) number dynamics that occur during growth, reproduction, and development. Four species of plants (common bean, cassava, cotton, and tomato) and two species of insects (pea aphid and a ladybird beetle) are modeled. A common acquisition (i.e. functional response) submodel is used to estimate the daily photosynthetic rates in plants and consumption rates in pea aphid and the ladybird beetle. The focus of this work is to capture the essence of the common attributes between trophic levels across this wide range of taxa. The models are compared with field or laboratory data. A hypothesis is proposed for the observed patterns of reproduction in pea aphid and in a ladybird beetle.
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Mumtaz, Tamseela, Rabia Afzal, Dilber H. Roy, and Shamim Akhtar. "Assessment of Relative Toxicity of Common Insecticides against Adult and Grubs of Coccinella septempunctata under Laboratory Settings." Journal of Zoo Biology 6, no. 1 (2023): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/zoobiol.006.01.4618.
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One of the significant aphid-eating predators that are natural is the ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata. C. septempunctata is a biological control agent and effective in integrated pest management strategies (IPM). In the development of IPM, chemical insecticides are routinely utilized, to boost crop protection and support the activity of biological control agents. Research on the relative toxicity of multiple insecticides on seven spotted ladybird beetle C. septempunctata L. instars was conducted in a lab environment to gauge the C. septempunctata’s reaction to powerful insecticides. Six insecticides were treated as Spinetoram 120SC (0.4%/0.5L), Steward 150EC (0.86/0.5L), Coragen 200ml (0.4%/0.5L), Siphtoram 120SE (0.8/0.5L), Chlorfenapyr 36% (1.25/0.5L), and Lufenuron 50% (1.0/0.5L) to the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instars of C. septempunctata. After 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours of the treatment, the results of the proportional death were determined. Ongoing investigation was done at 60±5% RH and 25+2oC. When administered on adult ladybird beetles, Lufenuron was detrimental in 99.4 % cases, Chlorfenapyr in 88.4% Steward in 85.5% of cases, Coragen in 83.2%, and Siphtoram in 77.6%, Spinetoram was very little hazardous substance based on the death rate, followed by, Coragen, Steward, Chlorfenapyr, and Lufenuron.
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Heepe, Lars, Jonas O. Wolff, and Stanislav N. Gorb. "Influence of ambient humidity on the attachment ability of ladybird beetles (Coccinella septempunctata)." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 7 (September 22, 2016): 1322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.123.
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Many insects possess adhesive foot pads, which enable them to scale smooth vertical surfaces. The function of these organs may be highly affected by environmental conditions. Ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae) possess dense tarsal soles of tenent setae, supplemented with an adhesive fluid. We studied the attachment ability of the seven-spotted ladybird beetle (Coccinella septempunctata) at different humidities by horizontal traction experiments. We found that both low (15%) and high (99%) relative humidities lead to a decrease of attachment ability. The significantly highest attachment forces were revealed at 60% humidity. This relationship was found both in female and male beetles, despite of a deviating structure of adhesive setae and a significant difference in forces between sexes. These findings demonstrate that not only dry adhesive setae are affected by ambient humidity, but also setae that stick due to the capillarity of an oily secretion.
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Matsishina, N. V., P. V. Fisenko, M. V. Ermak, and O. A. Sobko. "The dynamics of wild populations of Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata Motch. (<i>Coleoptera:Coccinellidae</i>) in Primorsky Krai." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 1 (February 16, 2023): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2023-1-80-86.
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Relevance. Population dynamics (population waves) is an intrinsic quality of population systems. These fluctuations can be induced by various factors, e.g. environmental conditions and resource availability, elements of a food chain from the same or a higher level (competitors, parasites, predators), and diseases. Few researchers have addressed the issue of the population dynamics of Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata in the Russian Far East. This paper investigates the reasons why the potato ladybird beetle became a pest of introduced cultivated plants.Materials and methods. To collect data on imagines, all research sites were examined at intervals of eight days during the entire period of the study. The examination of the research sites was conducted within one day. All the imagines taken from host plants were marked at the first encounter by puncturing their elytra with a sewing needle (0.4 mm in diameter) according to Hirano. The next generation of beetles was marked with nail polish (in two-three days after emergence) to avoid traumatizing the insects. At the second encounter, these beetles were also marked by puncturing their elytra with a needle. The methods implemented did not have an adverse effect on the survivability of the studied imagines. The beetles were released to the same plants where they had been taken from. The research data were analyzed by Jolly’s method.Results. Overwintered imagines appeared in the fields and began ovipositing at the end of May. The first generation of imagines appeared at the end of June – the begging of July. The second generation of imagines could be observed at the end of July – the beginning of August. A part of the imagines migrated to overwintering sites without ovipositing approximately at the end of August. The overwintered beetles were observed to emerge on the Mongolian oak Q uercus mongolica, the greater celandine Chelidonium majus, and the bird cherry Prunus padus. A typical primary biotope of the potato ladybird beetle was a potato field at the stage of vegetative growth (5-7 leaves) surrounded by the couch grass Elymus repens, the common dandelion Taraxacum officinale, and the perennial sow-thistle Sonchus arvensis. Marking the overwintered and new generations of imagines showed that the presence of the potato ladybird beetle in an ecosystem depended on agricultural and agrometeorological conditions.
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Hasan, Md Rajib, Md Rasel Raju, and Un Taek Lim. "Laboratory risk assessment of Beauveria bassiana AAD16 on two species of ladybird beetle." PLOS ONE 20, no. 1 (2025): e0317483. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317483.
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Beauveria bassiana AAD16, isolated from Allomyrina dichotoma, shows promise as a mycoinsecticide against various coleopterans. However, assessing non-target impacts on beneficial beetles like ladybirds is crucial before commercialization. Here we assessed the compatibility between ladybird beetles and B. bassiana AAD16. The virulence of the AAD16 strain was compared with that of an available commercial strain, B. bassiana GHA, for two developmental stages (adults and 3rd instar larvae) of two coccinellids, Harmonia axyridis Pallas and Chilocorus spp. Say using the topical (1μl) application method. The ST50 for the two life stages of the two ladybird beetles were not different between the two tested fungal strains. Mycosis rates recorded from the dead bodies were also not significant except in the 3rd instar which showed 36 and 63% from AAD16 and GHA strains in H. axyridis, while those of Chilocorus spp. were 40 and 63%, respectively. In adult stage, the mycosis rates of H. axyridis (males and females tested separately) were (20–23) % and (26–30) % from the AAD16 and GHA strains, while those of Chilocorus spp. (unsexed) were 23 and 30%, respectively. AAD16 caused similar rates of mortality in the adult stages of both species. Therefore, we conclude that B. bassiana AAD16 would not increase risk to these beneficial insects compared to a similar pathogen commercialized.
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J. V., Chauhan, Bindu K. Panickar, Prajapati A. R., and Gothi H. R. "Seasonal Incidence of Insect-Pests of Field Pea." Environment and Ecology 41, no. 4 (2023): 2303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.60151/envec/kvtm5678.
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During both seasons, aphid incidence peaked at 38.40 aphids/10cm shoot at the 5th SMW and 40.51 aphids/10cm shoot at the 4th SMW, respectively. While the activity of leafhoppers attained the peak of 14.20 leafhoppers/3 leaves during 7th SMW and 13.20 leafhoppers/3 leaves during 6th SMW during both seasons, respectively. During 2019-20, the whitefly population initiated at 5th WAS and persisted until the 13th WAS (1.44 to 11.28 whiteflies/3 leaves), whereas, in 2020-21, the population began in the 6th WAS and peaked during 12th WAS (12.21 whiteflies/3 leaves). Pod borer population started in 5th WAS and peaked (1.34 larvae/plant) in 10th WAS during 2019-20; in 2020-21, the population peaked (1.12 larvae/plant) during 11th WAS. The ladybird beetle population was active from 6th to 13th WAS and reached a peak (2.86 beetles/plant) during the 10th WAS in 2019-20. During the second season, the population of ladybird beetles started in the 7th WAS and peaked at 2.30 beetles/plant in 10th WAS. The spider appeared on the crop on the 5th WAS and remained active until 14th WAS, with the peak activity (0.34 and 0.30 spider/plant) reported during 6th SMW in both seasons. Significantly negative correlation was seen between evening relative humidity and leafhopper population during both seasons. Other insect-pests (aphid, leafhopper, whitefly and H. armigera) showed non significant impact of weather parameters during both seasons. Whereas, H. armigera larvae had positive correlation with bright sunshine hours and wind velocity during both seasons. Ladybird beetle showed highly significant and positive correlation with aphid, leafhopper and whitefly population during both seasons. Spider showed significant and positive correlation with aphid, leafhopper and whitefly population in both seasons.
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Bristy, Khadija Siddique, Mohammad Mahir Uddin, Tasnia Zannat, and Naznin Nahar. "Conventional Versus Biorational Insecticides for Controlling Mustard Aphid and Their Effects on Beneficial Insects." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 22, no. 3 (2024): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v22i3.76406.
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Mustard is one of the most important oilseed crops in Bangladesh. However, its production is severely constrained by aphid infestation. Farmers usually spray conventional insecticides to control aphids that negatively affect beneficial insects and environment. Thus, alternatives to conventional insecticides are required. We tested three biorational insecticides (Nimbicidine @ 1ml/L, Spinosad: Libsen 45SC @ 0.5 ml/L and Lufenuron: Hayron 5EC @ 0.5ml/L of water) against aphid infestation and assessed their effect on ladybird beetle and honey bee and compared these effects with two conventional insecticides (Diazinon: Sabion 60EC @ 2ml/L and Cypermethrin: Cypraplus 10EC @ 1ml/L of water) and with an untreated control. The study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with each treatment replicated thrice in the field of Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University. Number of infested plants per plot, aphid per plant and per pod, number of ladybird beetle and honey bee per plot was counted and yield per plot was calculated. All tested insecticides reduced aphid infestation compared to untreated control indicating all of them were effective against aphid. However, Lufenuron and Nimbicidine was most effective to reduce plant infestation and number of aphids per plant and pod. Spinosad and Sabion were found fairly effective whereas Cypraplus was found to be least effective. Lufenuron and Nimbicidine did not reduce the number of ladybird beetle and honey bee visit per plot, however, Spinosad and conventional insecticides reduced their number. Lufenuron treated plots provided highest yield (1.35 t/ha) followed by Nimbicidine (1.15 t/ha), Spinosad (1.10 t/ha) and Sabion (1.00 t/ha) whereas Cypraplus treated plots provided lowest yield (0.9 t/ha). In terms of reducing aphid population thus plant infestation and increasing yield, all biorational insecticides performed better than conventional insecticides, however, concerning effect on ladybirds and honey bees, only Lufenuron and Nimbicidine can be recommended to farmers. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 22(3): 335-341, 2024
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Sharma, Ramnik, and Pushpendra Kumar Sharma. "DISTRIBUTION, MORPHOLOGY, AND TAXONOMY OF COCCINELLIDS OF GENUS NOVIUS (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) WITH ONE NEW RECORD FROM UTTARAKHAND, INDIA." ANNALS OF ENTOMOLOGY 42, no. 02 (2024): 165. https://doi.org/10.59467/ae.2024.42.165.
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Coccinellids of Genus Novius Mulsant are predaceous ladybirds placed under the tribe Noviini of the sub-family Coccinellini belonging to the family Coccinellidae. The present work was conducted to study the distribution, morphology, and taxonomy of coccinellids of Genus Novius found in the agricultural sampling sites of the Tehri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand, India. During this study, three species of the Genus Novius were recorded from the four sampling sites. The three recorded species of Genus Novius were Novius sexnotatus (Mulsant), Novius fumidus (Mulsant), and Novius amabilis (Kapur). N. sexnotatus, with 92 recorded individuals, was the most abundant species found in all four sampling sites. N. fumidus, with 47 recorded individuals, was reported from three study sites. N. amabilis (Kapur) was the least abundant species, with 14 individuals reported from the two study sites. N. sexnotatus was a medium-sized, oval ladybeetle with 4.60-4.90 mm length, 3.50-3.70 mm breadth, and three black spots on each bright reddish-brown elytron. N. fumidus was 4.50-5.00 mm long and 3.40-3.90 mm wide ladybird beetle with distinct brownish-black sublateral margins on dull reddish-brown elytra. N. amabilis was a tiny, bright reddish-brown ladybird of 2.50-2.70 mm length and 2.40-2.80 mm width with no spots on the elytra. N. amabilis (Kapur) was recorded for the first time from Uttarakhand.. KEYWORDS :Biocontrol Agents, Diversity, Novius, Novius amabilis, Predatory beetles
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Krafsur, E. S., and J. J. Obrycki. "Gene flow in the exotic 14-spotted ladybird beetle, Propylea quatuordecimpunctata." Genome 39, no. 1 (1996): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g96-018.
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Propylea quatuordecimpunctata is a Palearctic ladybird beetle that has recently become established fortuitously in northeastern North America. This predator has also been cultured by the United States Department of Agriculture from geographically diverse Old World populations and propagated for release in the U.S.A. Massive releases of P. quatuordecimpunctata have not resulted in any recognized established populations, raising a number of questions about its population genetics. We sampled beetles for electrophoretic variation in three feral populations in the U.S.A., one feral population in Europe, one cultured population from Canada, and six cultured populations from the Old World. Of the 31 putative genetic loci resolved, 26 were polymorphic (84%). Mean heterozygosity was 18.32 ± 2.84% among all loci and was 21.84 ± 2.89% among only polymorphic loci. Cultured and feral populations showed similar levels of heterozygosity at the 11 loci scored. New World and Old World beetles showed no significant differences in heterozygosities. Wright's fixation index FST was 0.034 ± 0.021 among feral populations and 0.331 ± 0.101 among cultured populations. Drift was the major force driving differentiation of cultured beetle populations. Our data do not suggest that the failure of P. quatuordecimpunctata to become established in areas where it was deliberately released was related to a paucity of genie diversity. Key words : allozymes, breeding structure, biological control, gene flow, colonization.
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Lami, Francesco, Giovanni Burgio, Serena Magagnoli, et al. "The Effects of Natural Insecticides on the Green Peach Aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Its Natural Enemies Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (L.) and Aphidius colemani Viereck." Insects 15, no. 7 (2024): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects15070556.
Full textAbstract:
Botanical insecticides and soaps are frequently proposed as environmentally safer alternatives to synthetic insecticides. However, the efficacy and selectivity of these products are often only partially supported by empirical evidence. Here, we tested the effectiveness of five botanical insecticides, belonging to different categories, on the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and their selectivity towards two natural enemies, the ladybird beetle Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (L.) and the parasitoid Aphidius colemani (Dalman). White thyme essential oil (EO), sweet orange EO, crude garlic extract and Marseille soap were tested and compared with a pyrethrin-based commercial product. Both direct spray assays and residual contact assays on treated cabbage leaf disks were carried out. The tested products had low efficacy against aphids when compared to pyrethrins but were in general less detrimental to ladybird beetle larvae, meaning that if applied against other pests, they have a lower chance of harming this agent of aphid biocontrol. Some of the products (soap, orange EO) did, however, show direct exposure toxicity toward ladybird larvae, and thyme EO had extensive phytotoxic effects on cabbage leaves, possibly indirectly leading to higher mortality in ladybird adults. These results underline the necessity for case-by-case evaluations of botanical insecticides.
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Thakur, Kiran, S. P. S. Tomar, Bharat Lal, Sitaram Seervi, and Shradha Parmar. "Sucking Insect Pests and Their Natural Enemies in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.) under the Climatic Conditions of the Gird Region." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 28, no. 4 (2025): 142–50. https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2025/v28i42175.
Full textAbstract:
The present study was conducted during the Kharif seasons of 2023 and 2024 at the Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, to investigate the seasonal incidence of major insect pests and their natural enemies on black gram (Vigna mungo L.) variety PU-31. Weekly observations were recorded on the population dynamics of Aphis craccivora, Empoasca kerri, Bemisia tabaci, and their natural predator, ladybird beetles. The influence of abiotic and biotic factors on pest populations was analyzed using correlation and regression analysis to support sustainable pest management strategies. The initial infestation of whiteflies, aphids, and leafhoppers was observed in the 33rd standard meteorological week (SMW), with their activity continuing until the 41st SMW. Peak population densities of whiteflies and leafhoppers occurred in the 35th SMW, whereas aphids reached their highest population in the 38th SMW. The abundance of ladybird beetles peaked in the 39th SMW. Correlation analysis revealed non significant association between sucking pest incidence and temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and evaporation. However, a positively significant correlation was found between aphid populations and ladybird beetle abundance, highlighting the role of biotic interactions in pest regulation. These findings emphasize the importance of systematic pest monitoring and integrated pest management strategies for sustainable black gram production.
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Hu, Ya Hui, Yong Liu, Lin Wei, and Hao Tao Chen. "De Novo Transcriptome Sequencing of Serangium japonicum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Application of Two Assembled Unigenes." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 1 (2019): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400785.
Full textAbstract:
The ladybird beetle Serangium japonicum is an important predator of whiteflies. Investigations of the molecular mechanisms of this predatory beetle have been hindered by the scarcity of gene sequence data. To obtain gene sequences for the ladybird beetle and determine differences in gene expression between the summer and winter seasons, paired-end sequencing was performed. Real-time PCR was used to validate differences in Krueppel homolog 1 gene (Kr-h1) mRNA expression in summer vs. winter samples. To determined the diversity of the population, annotated cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COX1) gene fragments were amplified from several ladybird beetle populations. The analysis yielded 191,246 assembled unigenes, 127,016 of which (66.4%) were annotated. These functional annotations of gene sequences are currently available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and will provide a basis for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the biological characteristics of S. japonicum. We found a change in expression of ribosome-associated genes across seasons, and postulate that this change is because of seasonal variation in temperature and photoperiod. The differential expression of Kr-h1 suggests that S. japonicum can successfully overwinter because the adults enter diapause. To explain the effects of season on Kr-h1 gene expression, we hypothesize a model in which that a short photoperiod affects the density of Ca2+, the subsequent activity of methyl farnesoate epoxidase and the synthesis of JH, and in turn Kr-h1 gene expression. COX1 annotation was concordant with the morphological ID. The same COX1 sequence was found in the samples from several provinces in China. Therefore, the COX1 sequence is worth further study to distinguish beetle species and populations.
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González, Guillermo, and Hermes E. Escalona. "Two new species of the ladybird beetle Hong Ślipiński from Chile (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Microweiseinae)." Zootaxa 3616, no. 4 (2013): 387–95. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3616.4.7.
Full textAbstract:
González, Guillermo, Escalona, Hermes E. (2013): Two new species of the ladybird beetle Hong Ślipiński from Chile (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Microweiseinae). Zootaxa 3616 (4): 387-395, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3616.4.7
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Romanowski, Jerzy, Piotr Ceryngier, Jaroslav Vĕtrovec, Marta Piotrowska, and Karol Szawaryn. "Endemics Versus Newcomers: The Ladybird Beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Fauna of Gran Canaria." Insects 11, no. 9 (2020): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090641.
Full textAbstract:
Research on the fauna of beetles (Coleoptera) of the Canary Islands has a long tradition, which enables tracking changes in their species composition and arrival of new species. In this paper, we provide new faunistic data on the ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae) recorded on Gran Canaria, one of the central islands of the archipelago, and then analyze available information on the Gran Canarian ladybird fauna from geographical and historical points of view. The field survey resulted in recording 1402 ladybird individuals belonging to 30 species. Ten of these species were new to Gran Canaria and three of them, Chilocorus bipustulatus (Linnaeus), Nephus bisignatus (Boheman), and Nephus ulbrichi Fürsch, had not previously been reported to be on any of the islands of the Canarian archipelago. Tetrabrachys tinerfensis (Hodgson) is synonymized with T. deserticola (Wollaston). Our survey and literature reports allowed us to recognize 42 species of Coccinellidae so far recorded on Gran Canaria. Seventeen of them (40%) belonged to the Canarian endemic and subendemic species, and 21 (50%) were newcomers and presumed newcomers. Colonization of Gran Canaria and other islands of the archipelago by ladybird species of various origins seems to be a frequent phenomenon that may pose a threat to the unique communities of the native Canarian species.
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SZAWARYN, KAROL. "Taxonomic notes on Australian herbivorous ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae: Epilachnini)." Zootaxa 4413, no. 1 (2018): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4413.1.5.
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The Australian fauna of ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae) is very diverse and estimated to include about 500 species with only 260 species currently described (Ślipiński 2007). The tribe Epilachnini is poorly represented and consists of only ten species (Li 1993, Ślipiński 2007). Most of them are widely distributed in Asia and Oceania except Epilachna dawkinsi Li, 1993. This species was originally described by Li (1993) from South Australia near Adelaide, from a single female specimen. There were efforts made to collect other specimens of this beetle but they were not successful. Li drew the female genitalia (precisely one female coxite) but they did not resemble the genitalia of any Australian or Asian members of Epilachnini.
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Soleimani, Safura, and Hossein Madadi. "Seasonal dynamics of: the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), its natural enemies the seven spotted lady beetle Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus and variegated lady beetle Hippodamia variegata Goeze, and their parasitoid Dinocampus coccinellae (Schrank)." Journal of Plant Protection Research 55, no. 4 (2015): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2015-0058.
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Abstract Two important lady beetle species commonly found in alfalfa fields in Iran are the variegated lady beetle Hippodamia variegata Goeze and the seven spotted lady beetle Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). These two species attack many aphid species including the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). In this study, the seasonal population changes of A. pisum, H. variegata, C. septempunctata and the parasitoid, Dinocampus coccinellae (Schrank) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were studied in alfalfa fields in the 2012 and 2013 seasonal periods. The highest ladybird densities were noted on July 5, 2012 and on September 6, 2013 (17.2±2.8 and 13.4±1.6) individuals per 20 sweeps, respectively. Parasitism rates by D. coccinellae ranged from approximately 3 to 6% in two subsequent years, respectively. Parasitism was higher early in the growing season. Most parasitised ladybirds were females. There was no significant relationship between the temperature and relative humidity with pea aphid populations, although the aphid populations declined during the hot summer period. In contrast, the relationship between temperature and the H. variegata population was significant and positive in both years of the study. It has been shown that these lady beetle species have a major role in reducing the pea aphid populations in alfalfa fields. Due to the relatively low percentage of field parasitism by D. coccinellae, this parasite might not reduce the biocontrol efficiency of lady beetle species.
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Javed, Khan, Khan Ashraf, Ahmad Irfan, and Rasool Awais. "Effect of Prey Densities on the Biological Attributes and Predatory Efficiency of Harmonia Dimidiata (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Feed On Schizaphis. Graminum (Rond.) Aphid." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 5, Sep & Oct 2021 (2021): 74–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5734097.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Research experiments were conducted on the biological attributes of ladybird beetle Harmonia dimidiata (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) at constant prey densities feed on Schizaphis gaminum aphid at constant temperature (24 ±1 °C) at Insect Pest Management Program, National Agricultural Research Centre Islamabad.</em> <em>The effect of six constant prey densities of S. graminum aphid was investigated on development, weight, reproductive and predatory efficiency of larvae and adult female H. dimidiata. The prey density for larval and adult stages was different. The prey densities for larvae were 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 aphids/day and for adult female beetle the prey density include 40, 80, 120, 160, 200 and 240 aphids/ day. The larvae were maintained till pupation and adult female beetles were maintained from the time of eclosion till their death on constant prey densities. The duration of different larval instars were different at lower prey densities and as the densities increase the duration may become non-significant at higher densities. The pre-oviposition period was significantly different at lower densities and at lowest prey density, 40 aphids /day, the female beetles could not produce eggs, while at higher densities the pre-oviposition period was non-significant different. The oviposition period was also significantly different at lower densities while at higher densities 200 and 240 aphids/ day the oviposition period was non-significant different from each other. The female fecundity was lowest at lower densities and highest at prey density 200 aphids/ day. Once the asymptote level attain by the female beetle then further increase in prey density have non-significant effect on female fecundity. The functional response exhibited by first, second, third and fourth instar larvae exemplified type II with optimum response at a prey density of 40, 60, 80 and 100 aphids/ day respectively. Both the functional and the reproductive numerical response of female beetle showed the upper asymptote level at 200 aphids/ day.</em> <em>The study highlight the importance of environmental regulation in mass rearing of ladybird beetle H. dimidiata for application as a biological control agent against economically important aphid pests of wheat crops in Pakistan.</em>
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Röhrich, Christian Rene, Che Julius Ngwa, Jochen Wiesner, et al. "Harmonine, a defence compound from the harlequin ladybird, inhibits mycobacterial growth and demonstrates multi-stage antimalarial activity." Biology Letters 8, no. 2 (2011): 308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0760.
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The harlequin ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis has been introduced in many countries as a biological control agent, but has become an invasive species threatening the biodiversity of native ladybirds. Its invasive success has been attributed to its vigorous resistance against diverse pathogens. This study demonstrates that harmonine ((17 R ,9 Z )-1,17-diaminooctadec-9-ene), which is present in H. axyridis haemolymph, displays broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that includes human pathogens. Antibacterial activity is most pronounced against fast-growing mycobacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis , and the growth of both chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains is inhibited. Harmonine displays gametocytocidal activity, and inhibits the exflagellation of microgametocytes and zygote formation. In an Anopheles stephensi mosquito feeding model, harmonine displays transmission-blocking activity.
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Rahaman, MM, KS Islam, M. Jahan, and MAA Mamun. "Relative abundance of stem borer species and natural enemies in rice ecosystem at Madhupur, Tangail, Bangladesh." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 12, no. 2 (2016): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i2.28681.
Full textAbstract:
The relative abundance of different stem borer species and their natural enemies with interaction effects were studied at three growth stages of irrigated Boro rice at Madhupur under the district of Tangail, Bangladesh during January to April, 2013. Five stem borer species viz; Yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas), Pink stem borer (Sesamia inferens), Dark headed stem borer (Chilo polyhcrysus), Stripped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis), White stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata), and nine different natural enemies were collected from the rice fields and recorded. The population of stem borers and natural enemies was highest in tillering stage and lowest in seedling stage. The relative abundance of stem borer species under investigation showed ranking order; yellow stem borer >dark headed stem borer>pink borer>white borer>stripped stem borer and natural enemies as ladybird beetle >long jawed spider>wolf spider>damselfly>carabid beetle>green mirid bug>lynx spider>dragon fly>ear wig. Populations of all five stem borers were positively correlated with ladybird beetle, wolf spider, long jawed spider, lynx spider, damsel fly, dragon fly, green mirid bug and negatively correlated with carabid beetle and earwig.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(2): 267-272, December 2014
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Fedorenko, Vitaliy, and Yana Medvid. "THE FEATURES OF BIOLOGY OF HARMONIA AXYRIDIS PALL. AND THE MOST COMMON SPECIES OF COCCINELLIDS IN UKRAINE AGROCOENOSIS." EUREKA: Life Sciences, no. 5 (September 30, 2020): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2020.001431.
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The research was conducted in 2017–2019 years in the Institute of Plant Protection of The National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine in the Laboratory of entomology and resistance of agricultural crops against pests (Kyiv, Ukraine).
 The objective of the research is investigation of particular biology features of Harmonia axyridis Pall. in comparison with the main species of coccinellids in typical agrocoenosis. The research methods are the following: laboratory method that means laboratory maintenance of coccinellids; mathematical-statistical method that means statistical processing of the obtained results.
 The Coccinellidae family (Latreille, 1807) has an important economic value in the human business activities. Most species are predators of aphids, scale insects, thrips, spider mites, leafhoppers, whiteflies, eggs and larvae of other small arthropods. Coccinellids are marked by their high gluttony, polyphagous, fertility. Beetles and larvae of ladybirds play a significant role in the quantity control of pests of agricultural, forest and ornamental plants.
 Since 2009 researchers in Ukraine have devoted great attention to identification and distribution of invasive species of Asian lady beetle, or Multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harlequin ladybird, Halloween ladybeetle (Harmonia axyridis Pallas, 1773). H. axyridis Pall. is characterized by its wide ecological plasticity, trophic specialization, greater gluttony, fertility and number of generations leading to the gradual displacement of local species of coccinellids.
 The comparative results of researches of some biology features of H. axyridis Pall. and the most common species of ladybirds are presented. The survival of coccinellids imago during the wintering, in the active period in the absence of feed, their gluttony for different species of aphids is examined. Features of oviposition and duration of various stages of coccinellids development are presented.
 In the laboratory the Asian lady beetle was marked among other species by the number of its laid eggs, oviposition period, duration of various stages of its development, survival and gluttony
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Vitaliy, Fedorenko, and Medvid Yana. "THE FEATURES OF BIOLOGY OF HARMONIA AXYRIDIS PALL. AND THE MOST COMMON SPECIES OF COCCINELLIDS IN UKRAINE AGROCOENOSIS." EUREKA: Life Sciences, no. 5 (September 30, 2020): 24–28. https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2020.001431.
Full textAbstract:
The research was conducted in 2017–2019 years in the Institute of Plant Protection of The National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine in the Laboratory of entomology and resistance of agricultural crops against pests (Kyiv, Ukraine). The objective of the research is investigation of particular biology features of <em>Harmonia axyridis</em> Pall. in comparison with the main species of coccinellids in typical agrocoenosis. The research methods are the following: laboratory method that means laboratory maintenance of coccinellids; mathematical-statistical method that means statistical processing of the obtained results. The Coccinellidae family (Latreille, 1807) has an important economic value in the human business activities. Most species are predators of aphids, scale insects, thrips, spider mites, leafhoppers, whiteflies, eggs and larvae of other small arthropods. Coccinellids are marked by their high gluttony, polyphagous, fertility. Beetles and larvae of ladybirds play a significant role in the quantity control of pests of agricultural, forest and ornamental plants. Since 2009 researchers in Ukraine have devoted great attention to identification and distribution of invasive species of Asian lady beetle, or Multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harlequin ladybird, Halloween ladybeetle (<em>Harmonia axyridis</em> Pallas, 1773). <em>H. axyridis</em> Pall. is characterized by its wide ecological plasticity, trophic specialization, greater gluttony, fertility and number of generations leading to the gradual displacement of local species of coccinellids. The comparative results of researches of some biology features of <em>H. axyridis</em> Pall. and the most common species of ladybirds are presented. The survival of coccinellids imago during the wintering, in the active period in the absence of feed, their gluttony for different species of aphids is examined. Features of oviposition and duration of various stages of coccinellids development are presented. In the laboratory the Asian lady beetle was marked among other species by the number of its laid eggs, oviposition period, duration of various stages of its development, survival and gluttony
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Camarano, Soledad, Andrés González, and Carmen Rossini. "Chemical defense of the ladybird beetle Epilachna paenulata." Chemoecology 16, no. 4 (2006): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00049-006-0342-z.
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IQBAL, ZAFAR, MUHAMMAD FAROOQ NASIR, and IMRAN BODLAH. "A new species of Sasajiscymnus Vandenberg (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Pakistan ." Zootaxa 4759, no. 3 (2020): 379–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4759.3.4.
Full textAbstract:
A new species of a ladybird beetle, Sasajiscymnus nigritus sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Pakistan. An identification key to Pakistani species of Sasajiscymnus Vandenberg is provided. A preliminary checklist of species of Sasajiscymnus in Asia is also included.
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von der Schulenburg, J. Hinrich Graf, Michael Habig, John J. Sloggett та ін. "Incidence of Male-Killing Rickettsiaspp. (α-Proteobacteria) in the Ten-Spot Ladybird BeetleAdalia decempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, № 1 (2001): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.1.270-277.2001.
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ABSTRACT The diversity of endosymbiotic bacteria that kill male host offspring during embryogenesis and their frequencies in certain groups of host taxa suggest that the evolution of male killing and the subsequent spread of male-killing symbionts are primarily determined by host life history characteristics. We studied the 10-spot ladybird beetle, Adalia decempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), in which male killing has not been recorded previously, to test this hypothesis, and we also assessed the evolution of the male killer identified by DNA sequence analysis. Our results show thatA. decempunctata harbors male-killingRickettsia (α-proteobacteria). Male-killing bacteria belonging to the genus Rickettsia have previously been reported only for the congeneric two-spot ladybird beetle, Adalia bipunctata L. Phylogenetic analysis of Rickettsia DNA sequences isolated from different populations of the two host species revealed a single origin of male killing in the genusRickettsia. The data also indicated possible horizontal transfer of symbionts between host species. In addition, A. bipunctata is known to bear at least four different male-killing symbionts in its geographic range two of which coexist in the two locations from which A. decempunctata specimens were obtained for the present study. Since only a single male-killing taxon was found in A. decempunctata, we assume that the two closely related ladybird beetle species must differ in the number and/or geographic distribution of male killers. We discuss the importance of these findings to our understanding of the evolution and dynamics of symbiotic associations between male-killing bacteria and their insect hosts.
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Коvalenko, T. K. "EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS AGAINST PESTS ON POTATOES IN PRIMORSKY TERRITORY." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 48, no. 4 (2018): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2018-4-2.
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The work presents the results of comparative field tests on effectiveness of insecticides and bioinsecticides and their tank mixtures for potatoes against the potato ladybird and the Colorado beetle in the South of the Far East. Effectiveness of preplanting and vegetation treatment of potatoes with preparations was observed. The study, conducted in 2012–2014 on the plants of the recognized Yantar potatoes variety, showed high biological efficiency of preparations from the neonicotinoid class of Prestige and Cruiser in the rates of 1.0 l/t and 0.2 l/t by pre-planting treatment of potato tubers. The Prestige and Cruiser provided long-term protective effect against the Colorado potato beetle and the potato ladybird, which eliminated the need for treatment in the growing season of the crop. The use of these insecticides caused productivity increase of potatoes by 7.5 and 8.4 t/ha. For vegetation treatment the preparation Decis Extra showed the highest and the most long-lasting effect. On the 28th day after the treatment, its effectiveness accounted for 84.4–90.3%. Protective effect of bio-insecticide Phytoverm lasted for 14 days. Double treatment of potatoes with this bio-insecticide restrained the number of pests below the threshold number until the end of the growing season. During the research it was found that the joint use of Phytoverm with 3 times lower rates of the insecticides Decis Extra and Konfidor provided a significant reduction in the number of the potato ladybird and the Colorado potato beetle and the preservation of 39.3-41.6% of potato productivity.
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Thodusu, Mamatha, Tapan Kumar Hath, Indra Kumar Kasi, Suprakash Pal, and Prithusayak Mandal. "Arthropod Richness and Abundance in Brinjal Crop Ecosystems." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, no. 23 (2024): 10–21. https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i234682.
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In the study on arthropod biodiversity in brinjal with the variety Navakiran, 12 numbers of different insect pests under 6 orders and 12 families were recorded. These included Phyllotreta sp., epilachna beetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata Fab. cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), cotton jassid, Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida, hooded hopper, Oxyrachis terandus Fab., thrips, Thrips tabaci (Linderman), brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guen, short horned grasshopper, Hieroglyphus banian Fab., long horned grass hopper (unidentified), red pumpkin beetle, Aulachophora foviecollis (Lucas) and dipteran fruit fly (unidentified). Besides, six different natural enemies namely, one species of lynx spider (unidentified), one species of Syrphid fly (unidentified), one species of ant (Solenopsis sp.) and three species of ladybird beetles (Cheilomenes sexmaculatus Fab., Coccinella transvarsalis Fab. and Brumoides sp.) were recorded from the field. The cotton aphid showed its peak during 8th SW (Standard Week) while in case of jassid, whitefly and leaf hopper it was during 9th SW. Epilachna beetle had two peaks- during 8th and 18th SW. Brinjal shoot and fruit borer attained peak during 8th SW.
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Sardar, M., MR Khatun, KS Islam, MT Haque, and G. Das. "Potentiality of light source and predator for controlling brown planthopper." Progressive Agriculture 30, no. 3 (2020): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v30i3.45152.
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Experiments were conducted at the net house and laboratory of the Entomology Division of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) to determine the effectiveness of four light sources for light trapping, and performance of three predators for controlling brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.).The light intensity and sources were 30-50 lux (candle light), 80-100 lux (kerosene lamp), 180-200 lux (bulb) and 380-400 lux (energy saving lamp). The predators, ladybird beetle, carabid beetle and wolf spider, Light traps of 380-400 lux from energy saving lamp showed maximum effect in reducing the pest brown planthopper. Other light sources had little effect on brown planthopper. Light source of 30-200 lux reduced only a few brown planthopper. The predator wolf spider, Lycosa pseudoannulata consumed all the prey individuals of Nilaparvata lugens in three days exposure period indicating its high predation potentiality. Performance of ladybird beetle, Micraspis discolor was moderate and the carabid beetle, Ophionea indica was poor in controlling brown planthopper. The findings of these experiments indicate that light trapping with a source of 380-400 lux, predation by Lycosa pseudoannulata are the promising options in reducing brown planthopper population successfully and it could be an important part of IPM that is essential for the sustainable management of this deleterious brown planthopper in rice cultivation.
 Progressive Agriculture 30 (3): 275-281, 2019
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Maure, Fanny, Jacques Brodeur, Nicolas Ponlet, et al. "The cost of a bodyguard." Biology Letters 7, no. 6 (2011): 843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0415.
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Host manipulation by parasites not only captures the imagination but has important epidemiological implications. The conventional view is that parasites face a trade-off between the benefits of host manipulation and their costs to fitness-related traits, such as longevity and fecundity. However, this trade-off hypothesis remains to be tested. Dinocampus coccinellae is a common parasitic wasp of the spotted lady beetle Coleomegilla maculata . Females deposit a single egg in the haemocoel of the host, and during larval development the parasitoid feeds on host tissues. At the prepupal stage, the parasitoid egresses from its host by forcing its way through the coccinellid's abdominal segments and begins spinning a cocoon between the ladybird's legs. Remarkably, D. coccinellae does not kill its host during its development, an atypical feature for parasitoids. We first showed under laboratory conditions that parasitoid cocoons that were attended by a living and manipulated ladybird suffered less predation than did cocoons alone or cocoons under dead ladybirds. We then demonstrated that the length of the manipulation period is negatively correlated with parasitoid fecundity but not with longevity. In addition to documenting an original case of bodyguard manipulation, our study provides the first evidence of a cost required for manipulating host behaviour.
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Parmar, P. R., G. R. Bhanderi, R. D. Patel, and H. R. Desai. "Impact of seed dressing insecticides on natural enemies of Bt cotton ecosystem." ENTOMON 48, no. 3 (2023): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v48i3.953.
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Investigations were carried out on the effect of seed dressing chemicals on the beneficial predators in the Bt cotton ecosystem during 2021-22. All seed dressing insecticides were found safer to the natural enemies as the population of Chrysoperla and ladybird beetle were found comparable to population of untreated control treatment up to 37 days of seed treatment. Similarly, the spider population was also not affected up to 17 days of seed treatment. Thereafter, the population of natural enemies was found higher with the higher prey (sucking pests) populations in the untreated check compared to treatments of seed dressing chemicals and in later treatments, there was no significant difference. The maximum population of spiders (0.52/plant), Chrysoperla (0.42/plant) and ladybird beetle (0.42/plant) was observed in the untreated control. Yield data indicated that the treatment with imidacloprid 70 WG @ 3 g kg-1 obtained highest seed cotton yield (21.69 q ha-1) and it was found superior over the other seed treatments.
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Aman, A. S., S. K. Singh, and U. Chandra. "Comparative biology and predatory potential of ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata at different temperature regimes." Journal of Environmental Biology 44, no. 3 (2023): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/3/si-159.
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Aim: To assess the impact of various temperature regimes on the biology and predatory potential of ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata under laboratory conditions. Methodology: Five treatments and four replications were used for observing the biology and predatory potential on different temperature regimes under laboratory conditions on field-collected mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi as a host. Results: Among different temperature regimes, the maximum fecundity and hatchability recorded were 250.67±9.50 and 80.07±0.95, respectively, at 30±2oC. Total grub and adult maximum predatory potential were 238.00±0.50, 508.00±2.65 and 556.33±2.84 at 30±2oC and the minimum were 180.00±5.00, 446.00±12.76 and 493.33±15.28, respectively, at 40±2oC. Interpretation: The present study revealed that 30±2oC temperature was most congenial for the development of Coccinella septempunctata under laboratory conditions and it could be used for mass multiplication of this aphidophagous insect. Key words: Coccinella septempunctata, Ladybird beetle, Predatory potential, Temperature regimes
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AZAD, RASHID, ABID FARID, LIZHI HUO, HABIB ALI, and XINGMIN WANG. "The genus Cryptogonus Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Pakistan, with description of a new species and a new record." Zootaxa 4861, no. 1 (2020): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4861.1.11.
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The new species of a ladybird beetle, Cryptogonus bhalwalnensis Azad & Wang sp. nov. is described from Pakistan. Cryptogonus nepalensis bhutanensis Bielawski is recorded for the first time from Pakistan. Both species of Cryptogonus from Pakistan are diagnosed and illustrated; a distribution map is also presented.