Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Language and languages English language'
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Itani-Adams, Yuki. "One child, two languages bilingual first language acquisition in Japanese and English /." View thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/28484.
Full textA thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, School of Humanities and Languages, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies.
Yu, Yuanfang. "Foreign language learning : a comparative study of Australian and Chinese University students /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16092.pdf.
Full textMohamed, Mohamed Abdulla. "Ellipsis : a contrastive study of Swahili and English discourse /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1986. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10620175.
Full textLiando, Nihta V. F. "Foreign language learning in primary schools with special reference to Indonesia, Thailand and Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09arml693.pdf.
Full textYuen, Dick-yan Dennis. "A comparison of oral and written composition in L1 Chinese and L2 English in an L2 English medium school." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14036435.
Full textChang, Kwai-yan. "Will the English language become the single world language in the 21st century?" Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42575709.
Full textGordon, Leslie S. "Factors affecting English speakers' perception of L2 Spanish vowels." Connect to Electronic Thesis (ProQuest) Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2008. http://worldcat.org/oclc/436442802/viewonline.
Full textWong, Shiu-yu Winnie. "Agrumentative writing in L1 Chinese and L2 English : a study of secondary six students in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14709351.
Full textCaissie, Roland. "English verb phrase grammar prototypes for speakers of other languages : a cognitive approach to facilitate second language English composition /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9351.
Full textNogic, Claire. "Politics and policy an analysis of the policy environment and motivating factors behind the English language policy in Rwanda /." Thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/85845.
Full textThis thesis presented as a partial fulfilment to the requirements for the Postgraduate Certificate in Research Preparation (Humanities). Bibliography: p. 47-55.
Martínez, Ramón Antonio. "Spanglish is spoken here making sense of Spanish-English code-switching and language ideologies in a sixth-grade English language arts classroom /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1971760601&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textFalbo, Vincent. "English language & third generation programming language pedagogical practice analysis /." Online version of thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/7879.
Full textDijk, Wilhelmina Van, and Lori Jean Marks. "English Language Learners with Learning Disabilities and the Language in Mathematics: Inclusive Instruction to Support the Acquisition of Both Languages." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3533.
Full textNguyen, Thi Cam Le. "Learner autonomy and EFL learning at the tertiary level in Vietnam : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Applied Linguistics /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1203.
Full textService, Elisabet. "Phonological coding in working memory and foreign-language learning." Helsinki : Dept. of Psychology, University of Helsinki, 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/24617470.html.
Full textHeinonen, Elisabeth. "Writing in English as a Second Language." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Educational Science (IUV), 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-834.
Full textThe aim of this essay was to extend my knowledge of teaching writing and children's attitudes towards writing in English. I chose to focus my study on grade six, as I had the opportunity to work with two different classes in Linköping and Södertälje. I assigned them a free writing task as well as a questinnaire. In the literture study I intended to extend my knowledge of the process of writing in a second language.
Throught the course of my research I have come to understand how important it is to choose subjects which inspire all pupils to write. They should also have the opportunity to choose subjects which interests them. It is the content which is important not the layout or spelling.
In my study I have found that pupils take writing in English seriously. However, I have also found that without an encouraging teacher, it is hard to engage pupils in writing. One could say that it is the teacher who directs the writing process. Moreover, the pupils need to be motivated and interested to write well. This includes having varied lessons and considering the pupils'explicit needs.
Lim, Jayeon. "The developmental process of English simple past and present perfect by adult Korean learners /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3080591.
Full textTypescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-186). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
Kessler, Greg. "Computer Assisted Language Learning Within Masters Programs for Teachers of English to Speakers of other Languages." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1125514948.
Full textYuen, Hon-ming Jacky. "Implementing peer assessment and self-assessment in a Hong Kong classroom." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19883535.
Full textOÌ, hIfearnaÌin Tadhg. "Language minorisation : the Gaelic languages in European sociolinguistic perspective; English language abstract of Mionlu Teanga; An Ghaeilge i gComhtheacs Sochtheangeolaiochta na hEorpa." Thesis, Ulster University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242064.
Full textStacey, Bibi. "Can minority languages survive around English? : An investigation into family language policy in the UK." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-144461.
Full textPérez, de Arce Ryabova Felipe, and Fernández Cristián Lagos. "Language ideologies in chilean education programmes : the case of english and mapudungun as second languages." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/115685.
Full textAs the influence of language ideologies is notedin a number of social fields involving different aspects of language, these have caught the attention of researches. This study intends to look into the language ideologies underlying the official education programmes of English and Mapudungun in Chile, so as to find the motivations behind these programmes. The analysis consisted in the review and categorization of main language ideologies found in Ministry and interviews with the authorities of the education programmes. The main results showed two different language paradigms regarding each language. On the one hand, English is usually conceived under a rationalist model focusing on its functional value, while Mapudungun on the other hand in commonly conceived under a romantic model focusing on its cultural and historic value. These ideologies help to explain the reasons for the language initiatives currently being carried out in Chile in terms of education programmes.
Tan, Siew Imm. "Languages in contact: a corpus-based study ofMalaysian newspaper English." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45015673.
Full textEisenhower, Kristina. "American attitudes toward accented English." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79762.
Full textThe purpose of the present study was to determine the evaluative reactions of an American-born audience toward accented English speech. Fifty-three American college students listened to an audio recording of eight accented English speakers, four representing regional U.S. accent groups and four representing ethnic or foreign accent groups. The students' evaluative reactions indicated favoritism toward the American English speakers with a consistent downgrading of the ethnic speakers. Analysis of the personality ratings suggests that participants based their judgments to some extent on their perceptions of the accented speakers in terms of three dimensions: appeal, accommodation and aspiration. The conceptual affinity of these three dimensions and the subsequent revelation of three-dimensional model of "absolute accommodation" are discussed.
This exploratory study clearly implies a need for further research, particularly into educational programs or interventions aimed at countering the negative attitudes and stereotypes associated with language variety.
Öhlander, Andersson Lina. "English Language Learning : Student's Perception on Their Own Language Learning." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14371.
Full textHabibovic, Asima. "Taboo language : Teenagers' understanding of and attitudes to English taboo language." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för Lärarutbildning, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-7731.
Full textMaciel, Carla Maria Ataíde Hawkins Bruce Wayne Kalter Susan. "Bantu oral narratives in the training of EFL teachers in Mozambique." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1390280981&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1202917314&clientId=43838.
Full textTitle from title page screen, viewed on February 13, 2008. Dissertation Committee: Bruce Hawkins, Susan Kalter (co-chairs), Kristin Dykstra. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 258-275) and abstract. Also available in print.
Itakura, Hiroko. "Dominance in L1 and L2 conversation : a study of Japanese male and female learners of English /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20540693.
Full textFrady, Scott. "An evaluation of and guidelines for the use of masculine generic and gender inclusive language in English Bible translation using James chapters one and two as a test case." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
Full textLam, Chit-yi. "The use of mixed-code in F.1 English Language classes in Hong Kong CMI and EMI schools." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21160946.
Full textKoc, Serdar Engin. "English Language Teachers." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610499/index.pdf.
Full textCertificate for Teaching English&rdquo
(CTE) program for the newly hired teachers in the two departments of the School of Foreign Languages at Middle East Technical University (METU). The overall design of this study was a case study which was conducted as action research within the qualitative research paradigm. Some participants&rsquo
perceived the file system as usable, reachable, and beneficial because the file types used in the web-support were in congruence with the CTE program. Some participants had difficulty finding files that they were looking for. The participants were not able to use the forum frequently enough because they did not have enough time and they were always in contact with each other during their work hours. However, they suggested the usage of compulsory activities that are separated to be used within the forum. The participants perceived the online tasks as beneficial in terms of retention and revision of sessions and showing examples of how to use video in class. The participants thought that the presence of the curriculum information on the web was essential as information. The participants perceived that the integration of web support and sessions was partial and they wanted to do some sessions online in the future. The participants perceived news section as beneficial in directing them but they thought it should be updated more often.
Chang, Kwai-yan, and 張葵茵. "Will the English language become the single world language in the 21stcentury?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42575709.
Full textDaniel, Mayra C. Rhodes Dent. "Theory and practice of writing instruction in the secondary foreign language classroom teachers' views vs. theory /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3064490.
Full textTitle from title page screen, viewed March 28, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Dent Rhodes (chair), Susan Davis Lenski, Valeri Farmer-Dougan, Deborah Mounts. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 237-247) and abstract. Also available in print.
Mawed, Israa. "An exploration of English as a Foreign Language teachers' attitudes towards curriculum design and development at the English Language Teaching Department in the Syrian Higher Institute of Languages." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/27940.
Full textMohammed-Ali, Ahmed Shakir. "Attitudes and motivation of Arabic-speaking students of science and technology in Wales towards English and their relationship to proficiency in English." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260168.
Full textLawrence, Tracee Ann Lang Adler Susan A. "First language literacy and second language reading." Diss., UMK access, 2005.
Find full text"A dissertation in curriculum and instructional leadership." Advisor: Susan Adler. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed June 23, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-125 ). Online version of the print edition.
Chu, Ho-tat Matthew. "Grammar and world-view : a comparative investigation of the syntax of English and Chinese /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18685353.
Full textNel, Joanine Hester. "The comprehension and production of later developing language constructions by Afrikaans-, English- and isiXhosa-speaking Grade 1 learners." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97144.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigated the comprehension and production of articles, quantifiers, binding relations and passive constructions as later developing constructions (LDCs) by 27 Grade (Gr) 1 monolingual Afrikaans-speaking learners with Afrikaans as language of learning and teaching (LOLT), 31 bilingual isiXhosa-speaking learners with English as LOLT and 31 monolingual isiXhosa-speaking learners with isiXhosa as LOLT in three non-fee-paying schools, each in a different low socio-economic status area, in the Stellenbosch area of the Western Cape Province in South Africa. The overarching aim of this study was to determine which LDCs these learners are capable of comprehending and producing at the start of Gr 1 and what progress they make in terms of these LDCs during their Gr 1 year. The English and isiXhosa LOLT groups were then compared on how they fared on the LDCs in their respective LOLTs in order to ascertain whether the English language proficiency of the English group is at such a level at the start of Gr 1 that they can, without disadvantage, undergo schooling successfully in English. Data were collected on articles, binding relations, quantifiers and passive constructions by using the informal language assessment instrument, the Receptive and Expressive Activities for Language Therapy (Southwood & Van Dulm 2012a), which makes use of picture selection- and pointing tasks for assessment of comprehension and sentence completion, picture description- and question answering tasks for assessment of production. The results showed that for the Afrikaans and English groups all four LDCs are indeed later developing and are only mastered after the end of Gr 1. For the isiXhosa group, quantifiers and passive production are mastered by the end of Gr 1. In terms of the language-in-education and teaching policy, the results show that the time allocated to listening to and producing language in Gr 1 is sufficient for children whose first language is also their LOLT, whereas it is not sufficient in the case of English additional language learners. The latter group made significant progress in all LDCs assessed, but still performed worse than their isiXhosa-speaking peers, for whom there was a match between first language and LOLT. The implication of the results are that (i) the Foundation Phase school curriculum should be refined so as to consider the needs of all Gr 1 learners, as learners enter Gr 1 with different language skills and different levels of preparation for the tasks which lie before them, (ii) teachers should be assisted to foster the development of language skills in additional language learners, and (iii) the institution of a universal Gr R year, which is free to those who cannot afford school fees, should be considered a necessity. Without ensuring that all children enter Gr 1 with an adequate language foundation on which literacy development can build, historical inequalities still present in South Africa will likely be perpetuated rather than systematically removed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die begrip en produksie van lidwoorde, kwantifiseerders, bindingsverhoudings en passiefkonstruksies as later-ontwikkelende konstruksies (LOKs) deur Graad 1 (Gr 1)-leerders. Die deelnemers was 27 eentalige Afrikaanssprekendes met Afrikaans as taal van leer en onderrig (TLO), 31 tweetalige isiXhosa-sprekendes met Engels as TLO en 31 eentalige isiXhosa-sprekendes met isiXhosa as TLO, in drie nie-skoolfondsbetalende skole, elk in 'n ander area met lae sosio-ekonomiese status in die Stellenbosch-omgewing in die Wes-Kaap Provinsie van Suid-Afrika. Die oorkoepelende doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal watter LOKs hierdie leerders in staat is om te verstaan en te produseer aan die begin van Gr 1 en watter vordering hulle in terme van hierdie LOKs maak tydens hul Gr 1-jaar. Die Engelse en isiXhosa TLO-groepe is vergelyk in terme van hoe hulle gevaar het op die LOKs in hul onderskeie TLOs, ten einde vas te stel of die Engels-taalvaardighede van die Engelse TLO-groep op so 'n vlak aan die begin van Gr 1 is dat hulle sonder benadeling hul skoolopleiding suksesvol in Engels kan ontvang. Data is ingesamel oor lidwoorde, bindingsverhoudings, kwantifiseerders en passiefkonstruksies met die informele taalassesseringsinstrument, die Reseptiewe en Ekspressiewe Aktiwiteite vir Later-ontwikkelende Taalvaardighede (Southwood & Van Dulm 2012a), wat gebruik maak van prentseleksietake vir die assessering van taalbegrip en van sinsvoltooiings-, prentbeskrywings- en vraagbeantwoordingstake vir die assessering van taalproduksie. Die resultate het aangetoon dat al vier LOKs wel later ontwikkelend is vir die Afrikaanse en Engelse TLO-groepe en slegs bemeester word ná die einde van Gr 1. Vir die isiXhosa-groep is kwantifiseerders en passiefproduksie teen die einde van Gr 1 bemeester. Gegee die taal-in-onderwys- en onderrigbeleid toon die resultate dat die tyd wat toegeken is aan die ontwikkeling van luister- en taalproduksievaardighede in Gr 1 voldoende is vir kinders wie se eerste taal ook hul TLO is, terwyl dit onvoldoende is in die geval van Engels Addisionele Taalleerders. Laasgenoemde groep het beduidende vordering gemaak oor hul Gr 1-jaar in alle LOKs, maar het steeds swakker gevaar as hul isiXhosa-sprekende eweknieë wie se eerste taal en TLO ooreenstem. Die implikasies van die resultate is (i) dat die grondslagfase-skoolkurrikulum verfyn behoort te word met inagname van alle Gr 1-leerders se taalbehoeftes, omdat leerders Gr 1 betree met verskillende taalvaardigheidsvlakke asook verskillende vlakke van voorbereiding vir die take wat voorlê in Gr 1, (ii) dat onderwysers gehelp moet word om die ontwikkeling van taalvaardighede vir Addisionele Taal-leerders te bevorder, en (iii) dat die instelling van 'n universele Gr R-jaar, gratis vir diegene wat nie skoolfonds kan bekostig nie, as noodsaaklik beskou behoort te word. As daar nie verseker word dat alle kinders Gr 1 betree met ‘n voldoende taalbasis waarop geletterdheidsontwikkeling kan bou nie, sal historiese ongelykhede, steeds teenwoordig in Suid-Afrika, waarskynlik eerder voortgesit as stelselmatig verwyder word.
Chavali, Nalini. "Learning from learners : perceptions of self-access language learning in a Hong Kong secondary school /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23424400.
Full textBeauchamp, Hanna O. (Hanna Olga). "Languages in Contact: Polish and English." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500811/.
Full textElla, Edgard Maillard. "A theoretical model for a Fang-French-English Specialized multi-volume school dictionary." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/423.
Full textSahraoui, Souad [Verfasser], and Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Handke. "English and the Languages of Algeria: Suggestions towards a New Language Policy / Souad Sahraoui ; Betreuer: Jürgen Handke." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1235139441/34.
Full textRioux, Robyn. "English language learners and the development of the English language learner curriculum." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2009. http://adr.coalliance.org/codr/fez/view/codr:160.
Full textHart-Rawung, Pornpimon, and n/a. "Internationalising English language education in Thailand: English language program for Thai engineers." RMIT University. Global Studies, Social Science and Planning, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090715.100731.
Full textEstrada, Karla Vanessa. "Examining English Language Development among English Language Learners with Specific Learning Disability." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2013. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/214.
Full textEstrada, Karla V. "Examining English Language Development among English Language Learners with Specific Learning Disability." Thesis, Loyola Marymount University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3610109.
Full textAs the population of English Language Learners (ELLs) continues to grow in schools, so does the concern for their lack of academic progress and the possible inequitable representation of this culturally and linguistically diverse population in special education (Artiles, Rueda, Salazar, & Higareda, 2005; Guiberson, 2009; Mac Swan & Rolstad, 2006; Rinaldi & Samson, 2008). Of particular concern is the increase of ELLs with an eligibility of Specific Learning Disability (SLD), especially when examined at the local level (Klinger, Artiles, & Barletta, 2006). To understand this phenomenon at the local level, this mixed-method study examined ELLs with SLD in a large California urban school district by targeting English language development (ELD) at the macro and micro level. The researcher accomplished this focus by examining the relationship between English language proficiency levels, grade levels, and type of learning disorder among kindergarten through twelfth grade ELLs with SLD. The researcher analyzed cumulative educational records of three eighth grade ELLs with SLD, including Individualized Educational Programs (IEPs), to examine how ELD needs have been addressed. The results of the quantitative portion of this study revealed greater distribution patterns of ELLs with SLD in sixth through ninth grades. The researcher also found ELLs with SLD to be primarily represented in the early stages of ELD (beginning, early intermediate, and intermediate) and identified with an auditory processing disorder. Results of the case studies also revealed that after nine years of ELD instruction, the students had not reclassified as English proficient and documented evidence of ELD instruction and support was minimal.
Tukwasibwe, Constance. "The influence of indigenous languages on Ugandan English as used in the media." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015637.
Full textNakata, Yoshiyuki. "Motivation and experience in foreign language learning /." Oxford ; Bern Berlin Bruxelles Frankfurt am Main New York Wien : Lang, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015442386&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textHolmberg, Anders. "Word order and syntactic features in the Scandinavian languages and English /." Stockholm : Dept. of General Linguistics, University of Stockholm, 1986. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/33078.
Full textGanchi, Fatima. "An analysis of requests produced by second language speakers of English and how these requests are received by English first language speakers." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71918.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: During the course of my work as Communications lecturer at a multicultural university, I have noticed differences in the manners in which Sesotho-speaking and Afrikaans-speaking students make the same requests to me while speaking English. There exists a possibility that these second language (L2) requests could be deemed inappropriate and/or unintelligible by first language (L1) speakers of English. It is possible that miscommunication may result when requests by one culture group is judged as inappropriate and/or unintelligible by another. The aims of my study were to investigate (i) whether there are indeed differences in the manners in which L1 Sesotho and L1 Afrikaans speakers make requests when speaking English and (ii) how the differences in the (a) politeness, (b) formalness, (c) appropriateness, (d) grammaticality and (e) intelligibility of these requests made by the above-mentioned two groups manifest, as judged by L1 speakers of English. In terms of research methodology, I elicited requests in English from two culturally and linguistically different groups of students (17 L1 Afrikaans and 17 L1 Sesotho) by means of a written scenario completion task. One scenario involved a high imposition situation and the other a low imposition. The requests made by the two groups were then analysed using the Cross Cultural Speech Act Realisation Project (CCSARP) framework of Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper (1989a). Each request was also judged by eight L1 English speakers. Data analysis showed that there are indeed differences in the way in which Afrikaans- and Sesotho-speaking people put forth English requests. In terms of CCSARP categories, the Sesotho speakers used more alerters and more politeness markers than the Afrikaans speakers did. Sesotho and Afrikaans speakers also differed in their responses to high and low imposition situations – for example, Sesotho speakers used more grounders in the low imposition request than in the high imposition request, whereas Afrikaans speakers’ requests showed the reverse pattern. In terms of ratings received by L1 speakers, although Sesotho speakers’ requests were judged as more polite, Afrikaans speakers’ requests were judged as more appropriate and grammatically correct. The findings have implications for curriculum design: By being mindful of the workings of intercultural verbal and nonverbal communication and by acknowledging that people from different cultural backgrounds bring to a conversation certain culturally inherited factors which influence them and the interlocutors, I can use the results of this study to better inform the different L1 groups in my classes how to change their requesting behaviour so as to make requests that are judged by L1 English speakers as being appropriate.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tydens my werk as Kommunikasie-dosent aan ‘n multikulturele universiteit het ek verskille opgelet in die manier waarop Sesotho-sprekende en Afrikaanssprekende studente dieselfde versoeke aan my rig wanneer hulle Engels praat. Die moontlikheid bestaan dat hierdie tweedetaal- (T2) versoeke as ontoepaslik en/of onverstaanbaar beskou kan word deur eerstetaal- (T1) sprekers van Engels. Dit is moontlik dat miskommunikasie kan ontstaan wanneer versoeke deur een kultuurgroep as ontoepaslik en/of onverstaanbaar beoordeel word deur ‘n ander kultuurgroep. Die doelstellings van my studie was om die volgende te ondersoek: (i) of daar inderdaad verskille bestaan in die manier waarop T1 Sesotho- en T1 Afrikaanssprekendes versoeke in Engels rig en (ii) hoe verskille in die (a) hoflikheid, (b) formeelheid, (c) toepaslikheid, (d) grammatikaliteit en (e) verstaanbaarheid van hierdie versoeke deur bogenoemde twee groepe manifesteer, soos beoordeel deur T1-sprekers van Engels. In terme van navorsingsmetodologie het ek versoeke in Engels van twee kultureel en talig verskillende groepe studente (17 T1 Afrikaans en 17 T1 Sesotho) ontlok deur gebruik te maak van ‘n geskrewe scenario-voltooiingstaak. Een scenario het ‘n versoek met ‘n hoë afdwingingsvlak (imposition) behels en die ander met ‘n lae afdwingingsvlak. Die versoeke gerig deur die twee groepe is toe geanaliseer deur gebruik te maak van die sogenaamde Cross Cultural Speech Act Realisation Project (CCSARP)-raamwerk van Blum-Kulka, House en Kasper (1989a). Elke versoek is ook deur agt T1-sprekers van Engels beoordeel. Data-analise het aangedui dat daar wel verskille is in die manier waarop Afrikaans- en Sesotho-sprekendes versoeke in Engels rig. In terme van CCSARP-kategorieë het die Sesotho-sprekendes meer attentmakers (alerters) en meer hoflikheidsmerkers as die Afrikaanssprekendes gebruik. Sesotho- en Afrikaanssprekendes het ook verskil in hul reaksie op hoë en lae imposisie-situasies – Sesotho-sprekendes het meer redeverskaffers (grounders) in die lae afdwingingsversoek as in die hoë afdwingingsversoek gebruik terwyl Afrikaanssprekendes die teenoorgestelde gedoen het. Alhoewel die Sesotho-sprekendes se versoeke as meer hoflik beskou is deur die T1-sprekende beoordelaars, is Afrikaanssprekendes se versoeke as meer toepaslik en grammatikaal korrek beskou. Die bevindinge het implikasies vir kurrikulum-ontwerp: Deur bewus te bly van die aard van interkulturele verbale en nie-verbale kommunikasie en deur te erken dat persone van verskillende kulturele agtergronde sekere kultuur-inherente faktore na ‘n gesprek toe bring wat hulle en hulle gespreksgenote beïnvloed, kan ek die resultate van hierdie studie gebruik om die verskillende T1-groepe in my klasse beter in te lig hoe om hul versoekgedrag aan te pas om versoeke te kan rig wat as toepaslik beskou word deur T1-sprekers van Engels.