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College, of Law University of Arizona. "Law Record, Volume 11 No. 1." College of Law, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612077.
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College, of Law University of Arizona. "Law Record, Volume 11 No. 2." College of Law, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612082.
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Nenov, Svetoslav. "Biopolitics, counter-terrorism and law after 9/11." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/biopolitics-counterterrorism-and-law-after-911(02e0d8bc-3c81-4731-bf06-e178de99a594).html.
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Biopolitics is a concept that, much like the apparatus it refers to, has kept evolving ever since Foucault coined its modern meaning in 1976. Its usage and interpretation have especially changed with the recent publication of The Birth of Biopolitics and Society, Territory, Population, books that helped expand its perceived field of application, specifically vis-à-vis the modern governmental rationales of neo-liberalism and, by association, neo-conservatism. In a separate development, the Western dispositif (apparatus) of biopolitics has undergone a dramatic transformation as a result of the terrorist attacks of 9/11, attacks after which, to quote Donald Rumsfeld, ‘everything changed’. My thesis takes both of these developments into account and provides a critical exploration of contemporary biopolitical US counter-terrorist measures. Emphasis is placed on a contextual juridico-political analysis that sheds more light on the complex interrelations between the relatively novel biopolitical dispositif and the classical legal dispositif of sovereignty. This is accomplished by a two-part empirical genealogical study that traces some of the pivotal judicial changes that have resulted from the counter-terrorist measures introduced in the wake of 9/11. It proposes that the PATRIOT Act, one of the primary legislative tools introduced after 9/11, is a distinctively ‘bio-legal’ document that allows for the integration of the biopolitical discourses of pre-emption, exception and contingency within the existing legal framework. I argue that this is a genuinely novel development that significantly alters the intersection of biopolitics, geopolitics and law. The second part of the empirical analysis presents a detailed interrogation of the legal disputes that involve the detention facility at Guantanamo Bay and, over the course of three key legal cases, shows that, even though the logic of biopolitics has now established a foothold within the US juridical system, the classical apparatus of Sovereignty still plays a decisive role in US governance. My key arguments are preceded and supported by an extensive overview of the notion of biopolitics, both as it was first introduced and developed by Foucault over the course of five publications, and as it is currently being used by key contemporary social theorists, especially insofar as this usage relates to the changes in Western politics after 9/11. Overall, the thesis provides a profound interrogation of the epistemic status of biopolitics, and it supplements this purely theoretical analysis with a detailed overview of how biopolitics and sovereignty interact in practice through the mechanism of the law, in the context of US counter-terrorist policies after 9/11.
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Veselý, Ondřej. "Analýza logistické části Lend-lease Act (Public Law 77-11)." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75110.
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The diploma thesis discusses the issues of help mainly by the United States under the Lend- Lease Act during the Second World War. The theoretical part deals with the historical context and the economic s and political framework of the rise of the programme with an emphasis on the USA. The following part is focused on the quantification of the whole extent. A great part of the thesis is devoted to the issues of help by the Soviet Union. The emphasis is placed not only on the content, but mainly on the logistic issues. Following the historical context there are also four major transportation corridors discussed and their occupancy at the time, material flow and mode of transport are analysed.
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Pereira-Bahia, Liliane. "Les impacts du 11 septembre sur l'ordre juridique international : l'exemple du droit spatial." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78226.
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International law is not insulated from all external influences: eminently political and conflicting, international relations assume a vertical vision of the relationship between law and power. Therefore, the terrorist attacks of September 11, whether fueled by the desire for a new world order or simply the pursuit of power, necessarily affected the international legal order. To identify these effects, one must consider the very foundations of international law, sovereignty and the equality of the States, as well as the emerging international trends of globalization and unilateralism and the theoretical models, which must be compared to the immediately measures taken in response to the attacks. Having defined the situation, as it existed on the 10th of September, one will observe the acceleration and expansion of the already existing phenomena. The radicalization of international law and outer space law confirms the statement of Prosper Veil, "always the same one, and always started again".
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Palmér, Marianne. "Arbetsgivarens förhandlingsskyldighet : 11 § MBL i teori och praktik." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1235.
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<p>Enligt 11 § MBL är arbetsgivaren skyldig att på eget initiativ kalla till förhandling innan han/hon fattar beslut i frågor som utgör viktigare förändring av hans/hennes verksamhet eller av arbets- eller anställningsförhållandena för arbetstagarna. Denna primära förhandlingsskyldighet gäller endast mot de kollektivavtalsslutande arbetstagarorganisationerna.</p><p>Syftet med uppsatsen är dels att belysa den här primära förhandlingsskyldigheten och dels beskriva hur den kan tillämpas i praktiken. Frågeställningarna som behandlas är därför följande: Kan arbetsgivaren identifiera de frågor som hör hemma i 11 § MBL? Förhandlar arbetsgivaren enligt 11 § MBL? Finns det andra sätt att komma överens än genom förhandling? Är förhandlingsskyldigheten en nackdel eller är det en fördel att MBL finns för relationerna mellan parterna på arbetsmarknaden? För att kunna besvara dessa frågor ges först en teoretisk inblick i 11 § MBL medan en undersökning vidtogs på ett företag i syfte att studera den praktiska tillämpningen av nämnda lagrum.</p><p>På företaget där undersökningen ägde rum har tillämpningen av arbetsgivarens primära förhandlingsskyldighet enligt 11 § MBL anpassats till verksamheten genom ett Utvecklingsavtal. Företaget ifråga har stående möten en gång i veckan där personalchefen, en personalkonsult och de fyra kollektivavtalsslutande arbetstagarorganisationerna är närvarande. På dessa mötens agenda står företagets verksamhets- och bemanningsfrågor. Syftet med 11 § MBL är att parterna ska verka för att nå gemensamma beslut och där tycker jag att det aktuella företaget har uppvisat ett väl fungerande arbetssätt.</p>
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Magadla, Anadin Zakhele. "Teaching Ohm's law in Grade 11 Physical Sciences using a Multiple Representations Approach." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5928.
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Magister Educationis - MEd (Mathematics and Science Education)<br>The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of teaching Ohm's law in Grade 11 using a Multiple Representations Approach (MRA). The need to promote knowledge and skills in problem solving in Physical Sciences together with the use of technology is important. This study explored techniques of improving learner attainment thus ensuring that they achieve the minimum entry requirements for science related fields at university.
Methodology
A case study approach was used. The context is a rural high school in the Eastern Cape. The theoretical framework is constructivism and pedagogical content knowledge. It was a mixed method study with a sample of 48 Grade 11 Physical Sciences learners. Data was collected through a pre-test, an intervention and a post-test. The intervention lessons on Ohm's law were video-taped. A control group was taught using traditional teaching methods and the experimental group was taught using the Multiple Representations Approach. Post-test scores compared the achievement in the two groups. It was followed by focus group interviews with the learners in the two groups.
Findings
The study found that MRA improved learner attainment and assisted in overcoming learning difficulties. It assessed and developed a variety of learners' skills in different forms at different stages of the lesson. The study found that the MRA aroused learners' interest in science and assisted them to visualise the abstract concepts and this led to an understanding of difficult concepts. Recommendations The study recommends the use of MRA's by science teachers to increase learners' understanding of Ohm's law. It is recommended that teachers develop fun and interesting science activities to encourage the love of science among learners.
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Marquez, Vanessa. "THE INCLUSIVE EXCLUSION OF LATINO IMMIGRANTS IN LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/11.
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This thesis is a case study analyzing how the Latino immigrant community in Lexington, Kentucky is responding to the national push for restrictive legislation. Based on interviews conducted throughout the summer and fall of 2012, I examine the relationship between federal policies and young undocumented immigrants in Lexington, Kentucky, a southern locale with a relatively small but growing foreign-born Latino community. Employing the notion of the included exclusion, I look at the newly implemented Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy. The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy highlights an opening present in immigration law in which young immigrants are simultaneously included and excluded. Utilizing this lens to look at the response of Latino immigrants in Lexington allowed me to explore Latino immigrants’ engagement in mundane acts of “making do.”
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Johnson, Ebrezia. "Communal land and tenure security: analysis of the South African Communal Land Rights Act 11 of 2004." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2165.
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Thesis (LLM (Private Law))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this thesis, the Communal Land Rights Act 11 0f 2004 is analysed in order to
determine whether it can give effect to the constitutional mandate in terms of
which it was promulgated, namely section 25(5), (6) and (9) of the Constitution.
Land policy pertaining to land tenure reform is discussed to see how and to
what extent it finds application in the Act. The time-consuming process
pertaining to the registration of the community rules is investigated, and the
implications where a community fails to adhere to this peremptory provision in
the Act are explained.
The thesis also analyses and discusses the functions of statutorily created
institutions, like the land administration committee and the land rights boards, in
the efficient management of land in rural areas. The aforementioned land
administration committee is particularly problematic, since the Act provides that
in cases where a recognised tribal authority exist, that institution “may” be
considered as the land administration committee, subject to prescribed
composition requirements as contained in the Act. The Traditional Leadership
and Governance Framework Act will also be discussed since it intersects with
the Communal Land Rights Act in this regard.
The pending constitutional challenge which relates to this potentially
problematic issue, will be discussed. The constitutional challenge of the Act by
four communities’ is explored in order to indicate just how potentially
problematic the institution of traditional leadership could be.
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This study also discusses and analyses the compromise contained in the Act,
regarding the registration of the land title of a community and the registration of
“new order rights” in the name of individuals. In this context the impact of this
process on the efficacy on the current Deeds registration system is
investigated. The Ministerial determination and its constitutional implications is
yet another issue, examined in this study. All of these issues will have a
negative impact on the implementation of the Communal Land Rights Act and
especially on achieving tenure security.<br>AFRIKAANS OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis word die Wet op Kommunale Grondregte 11 van 2004
geanaliseer om te bepaal of dit inderdaad voldoen aan die grondwetlike
mandaat soos voorsien in art 25(5), (6) en (9) van die Grondwet. Die beleid van
toepassing op grondbeheerhervorming word bespreek om te bepaal tot watter
mate dit wel in die Wet aanwending vind. Die tydrowende prosedure van die
registrasie van gemeenskapsreëls word ondersoek, asook die implikasies
indien ‘n gemeenskap nie aan die voorskriftelike bepaling voldoen nie.
Die tesis bespreek en evalueer ook die funksies van die twee instellings wat
statutêr geskep is, naamlik grond administrasie komitees en grondregte rade.
Die twee instellings is geskep met die doel om van hulp te wees in die
effektiewe administrasie van grond in die kommunale areas. Dit is veral die
grond administrasie komitee wat problematies is, omdat die Wet op Kommunale
Grondregte bepaal dat waar ‘n gemeenskap ‘n erkende tradisionele owerheid
het, hierdie owerheid beskou sal word as die grond administrasie komitee van
daardie spesifieke gemeenskap. In hierdie konteks is ‘n bespreking van die Wet
op Tradisionele Leierskap en Regeringsraamwerk, noodsaaklik.
Die betwiste grondwetlike kwessie wat tot op hede nog onbeslis is wat hiermee
verband hou, sal ook bespreek word. ‘n Kort uiteensetting word gedoen van die
vier gemeenskappe wat die Wet op grondwetlik gronde aanveg om presies te
probeer aantoon hoe problematies die instelling van tradisionele leierskap is.
Hierdie studie bespreek en analiseer verder ook die kompromis wat getref is
tussen registrasie van die titelakte in die naam van ‘n gemeenskap en die
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registrasie van sogenaamde “nuwe orde regte” in die naam van individue. Die
impak van hierdie magdom registrasies op die bestaande registrasiesisteem
word ook oorweeg.
Die grondwetlikheid van die ministeriële besluitnemingsbevoegdheid word
breedvoerig bespreek in hierdie studie. Al hierdie genoemde kwessies mag
nadelige impak hê op die implementering van die Wet op Kommunale
Grondregte en spesifiek ook op grondbeheerhervorming.
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Thornlow, Christopher C. "Fusing intelligence with law enforcement information : an analytic imperative." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FThornlow.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Robert L. Simeral, Steven B. Ashby. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-57) Also available online.
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Petter, Thomas D. "The identification of the "Book of the Law" in 2 Kings 22:8-11." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.
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Nowag, Julian. "Competition law, state aid law and free-movement law : the case of the environmental integration obligation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b14c7740-cac8-4084-acf8-86ff9c053e6c.
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This thesis investigates competition law, State aid law and free-movement law in their interaction with Article 11 TFEU’s obligation to integrate environmental protection requirements into all activities and policies of the Union. The Article is formulated in broad and sweeping terms which makes integrating environmental protection requirements complex and context-dependent. The challenge of integrating environmental considerations is further increased as such integration in competition, State aid and free- movement law is different from other areas of EU action. The three areas are the core provisions protecting the internal market by prohibiting certain actions of the Member States and undertakings. Unlike in other areas, the EU is therefore not in the position to develop or design the actions but has to scrutinise the measure according to pre-established parameters. To address this challenge, a novel functional approach to environmental integration is developed. The approach should facilitate a better understanding of environmental integration and in particular its application to competition law, State aid and free-movement law. An important element of this thesis equally the comparison between the three areas of law. It sheds light on conceptual issues that are not only relevant to the integration of environmental protection. The comparison advances the understanding in relation to questions such as how restrictions are defined and how the respective balancing tests are applied. The contribution of this research is therefore twofold. One the one hand, it compares how the different tests in competition, State aid and free-movement law operate, thereby offering opportunities for cross-fertilisation. On the other hand, this comparison and the improvements suggested as a result help to conceptualise environmental integration thereby paving the way for a more transparent and consistent integration of environmental protection in competition, State aid and free-movement law.
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Nyampong, Yaw. "Insuring the air transport industry against aviation war and terrorism risks in a post-September 11, 2001, environment." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103560.
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As the saying goes, "the importance of insurance, like many of life's essentials, is most evident when it is not available". The fateful terrorist events of September 11, 2001, amply demonstrated the indisputable fact that, as a risk management tool, conventional insurance has inherent limitations so far as coverage of the air transport industry's exposure to the most catastrophic risks – aviation war and terrorism risks – is concerned. September 11, 2001, also demonstrated the fact that states and their governments have a role to play in the provision of insurance coverage for aviation war and terrorism risks to the air transport industry and, by logical extension, to all other areas of economic endeavor. On the strength of these revelations, a global search for a viable and sustainable means of providing the global air transport industry with insurance or other equivalent financial coverage for aviation war and terrorism risks began in earnest in 2001. Several concepts and ideas were (and are still being) proposed and implemented in that regard, and ultimately, an international treaty addressing the issue (albeit from a different perspective) was adopted and opened for signature in May 2009 under the auspices of ICAO. This dissertation explores the central problems underlying the insurance by conventional means of aviation war and terrorism risks. It then analyzes some of the most prominent concepts and ideas proposed and/or implemented in the aftermath of September 11, 2001, to determine whether (and how) they avoid the pitfalls that are responsible for the inability of conventional insurance markets to provide coverage for aviation war and terrorism risks in a sustainable manner. The dissertation constitutes an original contribution to the development of legal knowledge in the sense that it applies analytical principles derived from the disciplines of law and economics and behavioural law and economics to determine the sustainability and viability of new/proposed legal regimes governing the insurance of catastrophic aviation war and terrorism risks.<br>Comme il est souvent dit, « l'importance d'une assurance, comme beaucoup d'autres choses essentielles dans la vie, se fait plus ressentir lorsque l'on n'en dispose pas ». Les tragiques évènements terroristes du 11 septembre 2001, ont amplement souligné le fait indéniable, qu'en tant qu'instrument de gestion des risques, l'assurance traditionnelle a ses propres limites, si l'on considère la couverture de l'industrie du transport aérien, face aux risques les plus graves – guerre et terrorisme. Le 11 septembre 2001 a également démontré que les Etats et les gouvernements ont un rôle à jouer, dans la prestation de couverture d'assurance, contre les risques de guerre et de terrorisme, à l'industrie du transport aérien, et par extension logique, à tous les autres secteurs de l'économie. Sur la base de ces révélations, une recherche globale, dans le but de trouver des moyens viables et durables d'assurer une couverture de l'industrie du transport aérien contre le risque terroriste et la guerre, par le biais d'assurances ou de tout autre instrument financier de couverture équivalente, a commencé dès 2001. Plusieurs idées et concepts ont été (et sont toujours) proposés et mis en place dans cette optique, et dernièrement, un traité sur le sujet (bien que sous une perspective différente) a été adopté et ouvert à la signature, sous les auspices de l'OACI. Cette thèse explore les principaux problèmes sous-jacents des assurances traditionnelles, s'agissant des risques de guerre et de terrorisme dans l'aviation. Elle analyse ensuite quelques-uns des plus importants concepts et idées proposés et/ou mis en place après le 11 septembre 2001, afin de déterminer si (et comment) ils évitent les pièges, qui conduisent à l'impossibilité pour le marché des assurances traditionnelles, de fournir une couverture des risques de guerre et de terrorisme dans l'aviation, de manière durable. Cette thèse constitue une contribution originale au développement juridique, dans sa façon d'appliquer des principes analytiques dérivés des domaines du droit et de l'économie, ainsi que des sciences du comportement et de l'économie, afin de déterminer la viabilité et la pérennité des nouveaux régimes juridiques proposés, relatifs à l'assurance des risques liés à la guerre et au terrorisme dans l'aviation.
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Marquis, Arthur-David. "In the Name of Homeland Security| A Legal History of Post-9/11 Labor Policy at US Customs." Thesis, State University of New York Empire State College, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10256835.
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<p> "MAXhr”, the new Department of Homeland Security (DHS) personnel system authorized as part of the most significant government restructure of the past 50 years by the Homeland Security Act (HSA), fundamentally altered labor relations policies for 170,000 DHS employees. A subsequent National Security Personnel System at the Department of Defense was modeled after MAXhr and expanded similar changes to nearly 700,000 federal civilian employees. Within this context of these systemic changes, the National Treasury Employees Union (NTEU) litigated a decade-long challenge to uphold key provisions of its collectively bargained agreement with the US Customs Service (USCS). Fifteen years after the HSA merged USCS into the new US Customs and Border Protection agency within the DHS, NTEU’s initial legal setbacks have been resolved with precedential victories and pending back pay awards upholding its collective bargaining rights while rolling back the personnel management systems instituted in the name of homeland security.</p>
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Proulx, Vincent-Joël. "Reconceptualizing international law after 9/11: what role for state responsibility in the prevention and suppression of transnational terrorism?" Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103553.
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It is clear that every state has an obligation to prevent terrorist attacks emanating from its territory and injurious to another state. This proposition stems from various multilateral agreements on the suppression of terrorism and Security Council resolutions. It also originates from the fundamental principle of sovereignty, which entails both rights and obligations. However, the current state of knowledge does not exhaustively address the scope of this obligation of prevention and the legal consequences flowing from its violation. The present study attempts to define the contents and contours of such obligation whilst placing particular critical emphasis on the mechanics of state responsibility. Whether obscured by new technologies like the Internet, the sophisticated cellular structure of terrorist organizations or convoluted political realities, the level of governmental involvement in terrorist activities is no longer readily discernible in all instances. Furthermore, the prospect of governments waging surrogate warfare through proxies also poses intractable challenges to the mechanism of attribution under state responsibility. Therefore, it is argued that new rules are required or, alternatively, that a critical reassessment of the role of the law of state responsibility in the prevention and suppression of transnational terrorism should be engaged. In so doing, the dissertation sets out the shortcomings of the extant scheme of international responsibility whilst concurrently identifying a paradigm shift towards more indirect modes of responsibility under international law, a trend corroborated by recent state and institutional practice. This leads to the controversial question of the possible institutionalization of the implementation of state responsibility. In assessing the potential roles of United Nations organs in this setting, the study carves out a specific – but limited – role for the Security Council in ascertaining the commission of internationally wrongful acts. These considerations pave the way for the policy-oriented, context-sensitive reform of secondary rules of responsibility that follows. After drawing heavily on varied legal and theoretical influences, the study devises and prescriptively argues for the implementation of a strict liability-inspired model grounded in the logic of indirect responsibility with a view to enhancing state compliance with counterterrorism obligations, shifting the focus on prevention and promoting multilateralism and transnational cooperation.<br>Il est clair que le droit international oblige chaque État à prévenir les attentats terroristes provenant de son territoire et portant atteinte aux intérêts d'un autre État. Ce postulat découle de plusieurs conventions multilatérales et résolutions du Conseil de sécurité. Il se fonde également sur le principe de la souveraineté qui entraîne droits et obligations. Or, l'état actuel du savoir n'élucide pas la portée de cette obligation et n'apporte pas plus de précisions au sujet des conséquences juridiques résultant de sa violation. La présente étude vise à cerner le contenu et la portée de cette obligation tout en mettant un accent particulier – et critique – sur les mécanismes du droit de la responsabilité internationale. Possiblement obnubilé par l'avènement de nouvelles technologies comme Internet, la structure cellulaire de groupes terroristes ou des réalités politiques complexes, l'apport fourni par l'État originaire dans le cadre d'activités terroristes peut s'avérer imperceptible. La perspective qu'un État puisse procéder à des agressions indirectes par le biais de personnes ou groupes interposés soulève également d'importants défis au niveau de l'attribution. Par conséquent, ces situations requièrent de nouvelles règles ou, du moins, justifient un réexamen critique du rôle que le droit de la responsabilité peut jouer au niveau de la prévention et de la suppression du terrorisme. Dans cette optique, l'étude expose l'inadéquation du système actuel de responsabilité en identifiant toutefois un changement de paradigme vers des modes indirects de responsabilité en droit international, un phénomène étayé par la pratique étatique et institutionnelle récente. Voilà donc les bases jetées avant d'aborder l'épineuse question de la mise en œuvre de la responsabilité de l'État par le truchement d'institutions internationales. En évaluant le rôle des organes de l'ONU, l'étude taille un rôle spécifique – quoique modeste – pour le Conseil de sécurité au niveau du constat de l'illicite. Ces observations préparent le terrain pour le projet de réforme des règles secondaires qui suit. S'inspirant d'influences juridiques et théoriques variées dans une perspective de responsabilité indirecte, l'étude propose l'instauration d'un modèle informé par la responsabilité stricte afin d'augmenter la conformité étatique au droit international, d'encourager la prévention et de promouvoir le multilatéralisme et la coopération transnationale.
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Lamarti, Samuel Hosain. "The development of apostasy and punishment law in Islam 11 AH/632 AD-157 AH/774 AD." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2002. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/991/.
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Tembani, Neliswa. "Teaching Newton's Second Law of Motion in Grade 11 Physical Sciences using a Conceptual Change Approach." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5986.
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Magister Educationis - MEd (Mathematics and Science Education)<br>The purpose of this study was to investigate how the use of a conceptual change approach could contribute to enhance the teaching and learning of Newton's second law of motion in Grade 11 Physical Sciences. More specifically, the study attempted to answer the main research question namely, How can teaching using a conceptual change approach improve the learners' achievement in Newton's laws of motion? This study was underpinned by the theories of constructivism and conceptual change. The concept of effective teaching practice is based on approaches that promote conceptual change and provides learners with skills on learning how to learn and make meaning out of their learning - which is part of the constructivist view of learning. The sample of this research consisted of a single class in a school where the researcher is teaching. The class has 33 learners of mixed gender. The study adopted a single case study approach and was designed to allow for the use of multiple data collection methods. Data was collected through a pre- and post-tests, intervention lessons as well as semi-structured focus group interviews. The use of qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection provided useful and in-depth data and allowed for triangulation. The data was analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The results of the research showed that learners performed better in the post-test than in the pre-test. The learners mentioned the fact that the intervention lesson played an important role in making them understand the concepts better. The results also showed that, while the majority of the learners seemed to have made some progress in their conceptual development as a result of their exposure to conceptual change method of teaching, others struggled with the approach.
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Engström, Sasha. "37 kap. 11 § IL och dess förenlighet med EU-rätten : mot bakgrund av EU-domstolens praxis om etableringsfrihet och slutliga förluster." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-140621.
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Drake, Thomas. "Eyewitness to History in Devolution of Democracy and Constitutional Rights Following 9/11." Thesis, Walden University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10284227.
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<p> Many researchers and political experts have commented on the disenfranchisement of the citizenry caused by irresponsible use of power by the government that potentially violates the 4<sup>th</sup> Amendment rights of millions of people through secret mass surveillance programs. Disclosures of this abuse of power are presumably protected by the 1<sup>st</sup> Amendment, though when constitutional protections are not followed by the government, the result can be prosecution and imprisonment of whistleblowers. Using a critical autoethnographic approach, the purpose of this study was to examine the devolution of democratic governance and constitutional rights in the United States since 9/11. Using the phenomena of my signature indictment (the first whistleblower since Daniel Ellsberg was charged under the Espionage Act) and prosecution by the U.S. government, data were collected through interviews with experts associated with this unique circumstance. These data, including my own recollections of the event, were inductively coded and subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. The findings revealed that the use of national security as the primary grounds to suppress democracy and the voices of whistleblowers speaking truth to, and about, power increased authoritarian tendencies in government. These tendencies gave rise to extra-legal autocratic behavior and sovereign state control over the institutions of democratic governance. Positive social change can only take place in a society that has robust governance and social structures that strengthen democracy, human rights, and the rule of law, and do not inhibit or suppress them.</p>
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Kokott, Katrin. "The impact of 9/11 on the South African anti-terrorism legislation and the constitutionality thereof." University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This paper aimed at analysing what was South Africa's response to its international obligations regarding the 9/11 events and how does such response comply with the country's constitutional framework. This study gave a brief outline of the most significant legislative changes in a number of countries and then concentrate on the South African anti-terrorism legislation. It identified the provisions of the Act that have been discussed most controversial throughout the drafting process and analysed whether they comply with constitutional standards. Particular emphasis was laid on the possible differences between the South African Act and comparative legislation that derive directly from the apartheid history of the country.
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Nyström, Sophie. "Köp av sexuella handlingar på nätet : Laglig porrkonsumtion eller sexköp enligt 6 kap. 11 § BrB?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-443854.
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Under de drygt 20 år som passerat sedan sexköpslagen infördes i Sverige har både samhället och sexualbrottslagstiftningen genomgått stora förändringar. Det gamla begreppet sexuellt umgänge har ersatts med det vidare begreppet sexuell handling och internet möjliggör idag köp av s.k. livepornografi där köpare betalar säljare för att utföra specifika sexuella handlingar på sig själva som köpare kan följa i realtid. Gränsen mellan vad som är pornografi och vad som faktiskt kan utgöra ett sexköp håller på att suddas ut. Samtidigt som de senaste årens rättsutveckling har förändrat synen på begreppet sexuell handling på det viset att sådana handlingar numera kan genomföras över nätet tycks den rådande uppfattningen vara att sexköp förutsätter fysisk kontakt. Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att utreda om sexköpsbrottet kan begås på nätet. Utredningen har bestått dels av att undersöka hur rekvisitet sexuell förbindelse i sexköpsparagrafen ska förstås och dels att undersöka om sexualbrott överhuvudtaget kan begås mot vuxna människor på nätet. I syfte att utröna sexköpsparagrafens rätta mening, i förenlighet med legalitetsprincipen, har utredningen utgått från lagstiftning, förarbeten, praxis och doktrin. Resultatet som presenteras i uppsatsen är att rekvisitet sexuell förbindelse avser samlag eller sexuell handling enligt nuvarande begreppsbildning och att sexualbrott mot vuxna kan begås över nätet. Sexköpsbrottet bör således vara tillämpligt online.
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Cherem, Cristiane Goulart. "Medidas cautelares em face da lei 12.403/11." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6250.
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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Cristiane Goulart Cherem.pdf: 643822 bytes, checksum: 434ea2c769e6c1d7df15697961e73d14 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2013-10-21<br>The present work aims to analyze the law 12.403/11, especially in view of the personal protective measures, others than prison, that became part of the criminal justice system. To achieve this purpose, was used the deductive methodology and technical literature, employing books, doctrines, scientific articles in journals, case law and legislation that involves knowledge and the subject's development. The study of the proposed topic is justified to the extent that the said law changes the paradigm of criminal procedure which focused primarily on the precautionary arrest and provisional freedom, with or without bail, setting several measures of none-jail which, if implemented effectively, tend to vent the Brazilian prison system, as well better suit the Criminal Procedure Code to the 1988 Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil. The precaution in criminal proceedings remains invigorated with legislative innovation, which also identifies the importance of the topic. Through the studies, it is seek to establish an overview about the possibility of efficiency of criminal procedure being adopted in the new precautionary measures. During the survey, it was found that, in general, the new law provides criminal procedural mechanisms compatible with a constitutional criminal procedure, allowing the realization of a just outcome. On the other hand, evince the need to implement the new law by the judiciary operators, otherwise, like so many other pieces of legislation become forgotten, providing a gap between theory and practice, losing great opportunity to perform a prosecution with proportionality<br>O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a Lei 12.403/11, especialmente em vista das
medidas cautelares pessoais diversas da prisão que passaram a integrar o sistema processual
penal. Para a consecução de tal finalidade, utilizou-se o procedimento metodológico dedutivo
e a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica, com emprego de livros, doutrinas, artigos científicos de
revistas especializadas, jurisprudências e a legislação que envolve o conhecimento e o
desenvolvimento do assunto. O estudo do tema proposto justifica-se na medida em que a
referida Lei altera o paradigma processual penal que se concentrava basicamente na prisão
cautelar e na liberdade provisória, com ou sem fiança, estabelecendo várias providências
descarcerizadoras, as quais, se efetivamente aplicadas, tendem a desafogar o sistema
carcerário brasileiro, bem como melhor adequar o Código de Processo Penal à Constituição
da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988. A cautelaridade no processo penal resta
revigorada com a inovação legislativa, o que também identifica a relevância do tema. Por
meio dos estudos realizados, busca-se estabelecer um panorama quanto à possibilidade de
eficiência do processo penal, em sendo adotadas as novas medidas cautelares. Durante a
verificação, detectou-se que, de modo geral, a nova Lei oferece mecanismos processuais
penais compatíveis com um processo penal constitucional, propiciando a efetivação de um
resultado justo. De outro lado, registra-se a necessidade de aplicação da nova Lei pelos
operadores do Direito, sob pena de, como tantos outros textos legislativos, tornar-se
esquecida, propiciando um abismo entre a teoria e a prática, perdendo-se grande oportunidade
de realizar-se o processo penal com proporcionalidade
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Ni, Shuilleabhain Maire T. "Jurisdiction and recognition in matrimonial causes in English and Irish law - the impact of the Brussels 11 Regulation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493313.
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Engelhardt, Marie von [Verfasser], Philipp Akademischer Betreuer] Dann, and Gunnar Folke [Akademischer Betreuer] [Schuppert. "Dealing with fragile states : the law and practice of international development organizations / Marie von Engelhardt. Gutachter: Philipp Dann ; Gunnar Folke Schuppert." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Juristische Fakultät, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-100236678.
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Litwin, Paul Anthony. "An analysis of the phrase "baptizati in Ecclesia catholica" in canon 11 as a juridical determinant of the obligation to merely ecclesiastical laws." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1990. http://www.tren.com.
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Jones, G. B. "Towards a strategic approach to special events management in the post-9/11 world." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FJones%5FGB.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense) )--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2005.<br>Thesis Advisor(s):Chris Bellavita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-113). Also available online.
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Köneke, Tilda. "Regeringsrättens tolkning av skattelag : RÅ 2010 ref. 11 ur ett rättssäkerhets- och effektivitetsperspektiv." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Rättsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-14570.
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I januari 2010 fastställde Regeringsrätten i RÅ 2010 ref. 11 fem förhandsbesked från Skatterättsnämnden rörande tolkningen av bestämmelsen i 57 kap. 4 § 1st 1 p. IL som avgör när aktier i ett fåmansföretag är kvalificerade så att särskild beskattning ska ske av utdelningar och kapitalvinster. Med hjälp av bestämmelsens ordalydelse och det syf-te regeln hade när den ursprungligen infördes gjorde Regeringsrätten bedömningen att såväl överlåtande som övertagande företag kan drabbas av att aktierna blir kvalificerade på grund av att samma eller likartad verksamhet bedrivs. Denna tolkning går emot de tolkningsrekommendationer och det syfte som uttalades i det förarbete som låg till grund för den ändring av regeln som genomfördes 1995. Trots detta har samtliga avgöranden i RÅ 2010 ref. 11 funnits vara förenliga med de rättssäkerhetskrav som kan ställas när medveten och frivillig skatteplanering genom-förts. Regeringsrätten har dessutom, i den utsträckning det varit möjligt, genom sin tolkning säkerställt att bestämmelsen i 57 kap. 4 § 1st 1p IL fått ett effektivt tillämp-ningsområde. Att Regeringsrätten tolkar bestämmelsen med utgångspunkt i ordalydelsen och tillmäter regelns allmänna syfte avgörande värde innebär att domstolen fortsätter med den meto-dologiska praxis som påbörjades på 1990-talet. Även om uppsatsen endast bygger på ett rättsfall så kan denna kontinuitet sägas innebära att det bör finnas goda möjligheter att förutse enligt vilka riktlinjer Regeringsrätten kommer att tolka skattelag i framtiden när det är fråga om skatteplanering. Slutligen påpekas att tolkning av detaljerade uttalanden i förarbeten bör ske med försiktighet när det finns risk för att dessa inte stämmer över-ens med den aktuella regelns bakomliggande syfte.
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Mondragón, Longoria Susana. ""ANÁLISIS JURÍDICO SOCIOLÓGICO SOBRE LA CONDUCTA ANTISOCIAL DE MENORES ENTRE 8 Y 11 AÑOS DE EDAD COMO CONSECUENCIA DE LA DESINTEGRACIÓN FAMILIAR"." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/67219.
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El presente tema de investigación, surge por la inquietud de saber qué es lo que sucede con los niños entre 8 y 11 años, ¿Cómo es posible que se pueda manejar la mente de un niño al grado de convertirlo en un delincuente? Desafortunadamente vivimos una situación de delincuencia que se va agravando día con día, el crimen organizado es noticia diaria, la delincuencia se ha ido manifestando a gran escala, es imprescindible prevenir la comisión de conductas antisociales.
El Estado como cómplice de una disfunción familiar y de una sociedad quebrada tiene la obligación de reparar el daño que les ha causado, un mal gobierno que no ha sabido proteger a sus gobernados, que no les ha dado la oportunidad a los jóvenes de reinsertarse a la sociedad, después de haber tenido una estadía en una correccional y que este joven que algún día fue un menor abusado, maltratado y utilizado, nunca recibió un tratamiento adecuado dentro del periodo de internamiento, la falta de lugares recreativos para los jóvenes adolescentes es otro motivo para el ocio y para adquirir malas costumbres.
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Beigler, Louise. "Tvisten om försäkringsskyddet mellan säkerhetskoncernen Securitas och If Skadeförsäkring AB efter händelserna den 11 september 2001." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7288.
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<p>Ett av de flygplan som flögs in i World Trade Center i New York, USA, den 11 september 2001 lyfte från Bostons flygplats. Säkerheten på flygplatsen var Globe, ett bolag i Securitaskoncernen, ansvarigt för. Securitaskoncernen, däribland Globe, ville med anledning av att ett antal skadeståndsanspråk, som följde efter attacken den 11 september 2001, ha försäkringsskydd ur det globala försäkringsprogram som Securitaskoncernen tecknat hos If Skadeförsäkring AB. Ett skiljeförfarande inleddes mellan If och Securitas på grund av att If ansåg att försäkringen inte gällde Globe, medan Securitaskoncernen ansåg att den gjorde det. I uppsatsen granskas tvisten och skiljedomen mellan If och Securitas kritiskt. Uppsatsens fokus ligger på de yrkanden i tvisten som gällde försäkringsavtalstecknande och jämkning av försäkringsersättningen. Även tillämpligheten av krigsundantaget i försäkringsvillkoren behandlas. Försäkringsmäklarens roll och premie-pro-ratas storlek skulle ha kunnat leda till en annan utgång i målet varför även dessa aspekter tas upp i uppsatsen i samband att talans upplägg behandlas. Hur premie-pro-rata kan beräknas i globala ansvarsförsäkringsprogram tas upp liksom förslag lämnas på hur pro-ratans storlek i det aktuella målet skulle ha kunnat fastställas. I uppsatsen lämnas vissa förslag på vad underwriters bör beakta i sitt arbete. Förslagen har arbetats fram utifrån den skiljedom som fastslogs mellan parterna, exempelvis vad gäller försäkringsvillkor.</p>
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Marzials, Lionel. "La loi du 11 février 2005 : l'emploi des personnes handicapées en milieu ordinaire." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10039.
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Depuis des décennies, la France a connu des avancées législatives successives au niveau de l'insertion professionnelle des personnes handicapées en milieu ordinaire, des mesures ayant débouché sur des résultats d'ensemble décevants. La loi n° 2005-102 du 11 février 2005 pour l'égalité des droits et des chances, la participation et la citoyenneté des personnes handicapées a l'ambition de relancer les embauches au profit de cette population. Dans ce dispositif, qui privilégie plus globalement l'intégration des salariés en situation de handicap dans des établissements non spécialisés, de nombreuses mesures majeures sont prises comme la mise en place d'un quota de 6% pour les structures assujetties à la loi, des sanctions financières pour les employeurs non respectueux de cette obligation ou l'harmonisation de ces principes pour le secteur public et privé. Cette loi s'avère l'une des plus aboutie en Europe même si son efficacité reste nuancée<br>For decades, France knew successive legislative headways on the occupational integration of the disabled person in common environment, measures having disappointed results. The N° 2005-102 law of February 11th, 2005 for the equality of the rights and the chances, the participation and the citizenship of the disabled persons has the ambition to boost the hiring for this people. In this law, which privileges the employees integration in situation of handicap in traditional establishments, numerous major measures has been taken as the 6% quota for establishments liable for the law, financial penalties for those who don't respect the obligation or the harmonization of these principles for the public and private sector. This law rest one of the most succeeded in Europe even if its efficiency is incertain
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Walldén, Gabriel. "Ansvarsreglerna i Allmänna bestämmelser : Särskilt om 5 kap. § 11 AB 04 och dess förhållande till de entreprenadrättsliga försäkringsreglerna." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-150949.
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Entreprenadrätten, till skillnad från många andra juridiska läror, omfattas inte av någon speciallagstiftning. Regleringen på området sker istället i huvudsak med hjälp av standardavtal. Ett av dessa är AB 04, ett avtal som i skrivande stund undergår ett revideringsarbete. Ansvarsreglerna i avtalet är omfattande och de ansvarspåföljder som kan drabba parterna varierar. Ett av de villkor som ofta utgör föremål för diskussion är AB 04 5:11. 5:11 är omfångsrik och i bestämmelsens omfattningsområde ingår både ett culpaansvar och ett felansvar. Bestämmelsens omfattning begränsas emellertid genom att skador som behandlats tidigare i det femte kapitlet faller utanför bestämmelsens tillämpning. I 5:11 2 st. framgår dessutom en friskrivningsklausul som undantar ansvar för skada som uppstår på grund av avbrott eller störning i industriell verksamhet eller kommersiell verksamhet. Paragrafens karaktär, som sekundär i förhållande till övriga regler, är i viss mån problematisk. Inte nog med det, har bestämmelsen även tydliga försäkringsrättsliga inslag genom hänvisning till avtalets försäkringsregler som framgår senare i avtalets femte kapitel. Utifrån uppsatsens resultat framgår att ordalydelsen och vissa aspekter av 5:11 kan problematiseras. Anledningen består huvudsakligen i tvivelaktiga ordval och oklarheter i hur paragrafen förhåller sig till andra bestämmelser i avtalet, exempelvis försäkringsplikten, förhållandet till tredje man, felaktig projektering och ansvaret efter garantitiden. Framgår gör en bild av en svårtolkad bestämmelse som ger flera uppslag för diskussion. Uppsatsen har resulterat i ett förslag till en ny lydelse, mer anpassad till avtalsförfattarnas sannolika avsikt med 5:11. Förslaget ger även ett större utrymme för bestämmelsens försäkringsrättsliga aspekter, vilka i den nuvarande lydelsen har en till synes undanskymd roll. Den läsare som är intresserad av huvudsakligen den nya lydelsen, hänvisas direkt till kapitel 8. Där redogörs för den nya lydelsen, och i korthet de reflektioner som föranlett den.
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Andersson, Lisa. "Expertskattens förutsägbarhet." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Rättsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15052.
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In 1984 the Swedish government introduced a special law which gave tax benefits to foreign researchers who for a limited time was engaged in research or development work in Sweden. The purpose was to facilitate for companies to recruit skilled employees from outside of Sweden and to make Sweden more attractive to this important group of researchers and to strengthen the Swedish competitiveness. In 2001 the law for foreign researchers was reformed to include foreign experts, researchers, managers and other key personnel. In Sweden called “expert tax”. As a result of this; problem with the predictability of who may have the potential to apply for the expert tax benefits was developed. This thesis deal with the tax rules for foreign expert, focusing on the predictability in order to apply for the expert tax. The focus has been on analyse the case law in this area to see if the case law has expanded the tax purposes or if the problem lies in the tax basic design in terms of predictability. Problems today are found in the preambles, case law and doctrine. The law and preambles for the expert tax rules have a vague formulation. Hence, this is why so many interpretations have been done by Foskarskattenämnden and the Swedish courts. This has led to the purpose of the tax being enlarged and do not exclude any business or employees today. This is why it is so difficult to predict who would become suitable for the expert tax, which indicates that the tax is vague formulated and not precise enough. The complexity has lead to interpreting the law in each case which may produce results that can differ among cases of similar nature. We need stronger legislation and a more clear picture of what the tax rules for foreign expert stand for, in order to obtain a tax functioning and avoid predictability problems.
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Beránek, Jaromír. "Insolvency Law in the Czech Republic and in the USA: Comparison of Reorganization Proceedings of Kordárna and General Motors Corporation." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72686.
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Insolvency law is a progressive and dynamic legal discipline closely interrelated with economics and business. A quality legal framework of insolvency is indispensable for modern market economies: it helps to identify companies or individuals in financial distress and to restructure their debts, or liquidate their assets in an efficient and transparent way. The main purpose of the insolvency law is to provide creditors and debtors with a ground for negotiations and to help them reach qualified decisions based on the available information. In the Czech Republic, the insolvency law had long been criticized for its insufficient protection of creditors and for the loopholes that made extensive property frauds possible without having the wrongdoers punished. The current Czech Insolvency Act which took effect in 2008 was broadly inspired by the U.S. Bankruptcy Code Chapter 11 and eliminated most of the weaknesses of the earlier law. This thesis shows that valuable inspiration can be found not only in texts of statutes but also in the real life. On the example of reorganizations of Kordárna and GM described here, main principles of insolvency law are being discussed.
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Montgomery, Jennifer J. "Controversies Over the Pledge of Allegiance in Public Schools: Case Studies Involving State Law, 9/11, and the Culture Wars." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:16461048.
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This dissertation examines state-level efforts to mandate the Pledge of Allegiance in public schools, especially following 9/11. Despite longstanding Supreme Court precedent declaring mandatory flag salutes unconstitutional, various state legislatures sought to institute or strengthen pledge mandates irrespective of students’ civil liberties. Driven by personal conceptions of patriotism, fears about cultural unity, and desires for political advantage, legislators pushed to institute new pledge mandates or defend existing ones without substantive consideration of their impact on students and schools. While the full impact of these laws has not yet been seen, some students have experienced harsh discipline and bullying due to pledge mandates, school personnel have needed to negotiate constitutionally questionable state law, and legislative persistence has yielded political victories and also resulted in an 11th Circuit-endorsed qualification of students’ civil liberties regarding compelled pledging.
Using historical methods, this dissertation examines efforts to mandate and/or enforce pledging primarily following 9/11. Case-study locations include Minnesota, which experienced a three-year battle over its mandate legislation; Colorado, which attempted to curtail opt-out rights of both students and teachers; and Pennsylvania and Florida, both of which undertook court cases to protect state laws that constrained students’ rights to freedom of expression regarding the pledge.
In designing this study, I expected mandate supporters to be advocating a form of civic education labeled by scholar Joel Westheimer as "authoritarian patriotism" and mandate opponents to be advocating a different form of civic education, labeled by Westheimer as "democratic patriotism." I assumed the debate over mandated pledging would largely be a debate over the best form of civic education that was already occurring in schools. While echoes of these debates occasionally occurred, legislators rarely addressed the educational aspects of this issue or its relationship to citizenship development. Instead, legislators emphasized broader concerns about threats to the culture and unity of the nation and focused frequently on gaining political advantage. In essence, little consideration was given to the effects of these laws on students and schools; instead, these legislative debates and laws served more as symbolic ammunition in what other scholars have identified as the "culture wars.”<br>Education Policy, Leadership, and Instructional Practice
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Yoon, Joon Hyuk. "A critical overview of international law with regard to the problem of terrorism in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26352.
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The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 have dramatically shaken world order and altered our perception of terrorism as being a serious threat to the national security of any State. These events are unprecedented in modern history, first, by their sheer magnitude and destructiveness, and also because of the suicidal fanaticism of its perpetrators. Nevertheless, there is a need to explore and analyze some of the international legal issues with regard to the problem of terrorism, especially in the aftermath of the September 11 events. To achieve this, the thesis will first examine the historical and definitional background of the problem of international terrorism. It will then explore the thorny subject of terrorism and State responsibility in order to determine under what circumstances can a State be held internationally liable for the commission of a terrorist act. Finally, in the last part of the thesis, the issue of self-defence against terrorist attacks will be thoroughly analyzed.
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Arndt, Thomas. "Airpower and the Hawk/ Dove Dynamic in American Politics| Post-Vietnam to Post-9/11." Thesis, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Newark, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3600631.
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<p> This dissertation chronicles the role of airpower as a focal point in the evolution of the hawk vs. dove dynamic in American politics. It accounts for the relationship between changes in the viability of aerial weapons technologies and the general commitment of elected officials to expand or restrict the standing and use of hard power as a foreign policy tool. By comparing and contrasting the aftermath of two main paradigms of conflict -- the post-Vietnam era and the post-9/11 era -- it shows how disagreement over the size, scope, and role of the nation’s armed forces has changed amid the introduction of airpower technologies that have in many cases been developed to mitigate the increasing level of conflict asymmetry witnessed by the transition from one strategic threat environment to the next. Accordingly, the analysis follows a basic chronology of comparative case study: first it examines the waning years of the Vietnam War through to the years following its conclusion, establishing a baseline for the character of the hawk/ dove dynamic amid a mindset of mostly conventional conflict before proceeding to the post-9/11 era, evaluating how trends in the hawk/ dove debate have shifted in an age of extreme asymmetry and non-linear battlefields. The lion’s share of the research analyzes legislative voting data on the U.S. Congress from 1964-2012 to visually chart how the hawk/ dove dynamic has fluctuated over time in terms of its intensity, primary focal point(s), and the balance of the dynamic. Seven litmus tests are identified as individual moving parts: 1) airpower policy, 2) defense spending in general, 3) (de)escalation of conflict, 4) foreign military aid, 5) WMD policy, 6) war powers/ inter-branch relations, and 7) NASA support as part of air and space power. Providing a quantitative basis for analysis, the findings are revealed along with contextual points of interest found in the public communication of key intellectual leaders (including those in the executive branch). Taken together, the research offers a comprehensive view into the evolving debate over peace and war in an age of rapidly-advancing airpower systems used in increasingly asymmetrical conflict. </p>
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Massaga, Salome. "The general anti-avoidance section: a comparative analysis of Section 80a of the South African Tncome Tax Act no. 58 of 1962 and Section 35 of the Tanzanian Income Tax Act no. 11 of 2004." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15177.
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The study will be based on a comparative analysis of the general antiavoidance section of the South African Income Tax Act no. 58 of 1962 and the Tanzanian Income Tax Act no. 11 of 2004. The focus is on how the two provisions are interpreted by showing the similarities and differences. The approach will be analytical and comparative, starting by showing the concept of tax avoidance and historical backgrounds of the two provisions.
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Weiß, Norman. "Der Europäische Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte - Organisation und Verfahren - Fragen der Umsetzung des Protokolls Nr. 11 zur Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention (EMRK) <1997, Potsdam>: Tagungsbericht / 4. wiss. Tagung des Menschenrechtszentrums der Universität Potsdam, Generalsekretariat des Europarates am 19., 20. September 1997." Universität Potsdam, 1997. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5496/.
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Tagungsbericht:
Weiß, Norman: Der Europäische Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte - Organisation und Verfahren - Fragen der Umsetzung des Protokolls Nr. 11 zur Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention (EMRK) <1997, Potsdam> / 4. wiss. Tagung des Menschenrechtszentrums der Universität Potsdam, Generalsekretariat des Europarates am 19., 20. September 1997
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Ravimandalam, Seethalakshmi. "Newspaper and News Magazine Coverage of the USA PATRIOT Act Before It Was Passed Into Law, September 11, 2001—October 26, 2001." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1108391742.
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Ramasike, Lineo Florence. "The use of an analogy in conjunction with a conventional practical activity to mediate Grade 11 learners’ sense making of Ohm’s law." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4558.
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In most South African schools Grade 12 Physical Sciences learners are generally not performing well. As Examiners’ Reports reveal, they are particularly weak on the topic of electrical circuits. Because of this, the Examiners recommended that conventional practical activities and revision should be implemented to improve learners’ performance whilst they are in Grade 11. These factors contributed to the rationale of this study in using the ‘straw electricity’ analogy in conjunction with a conventional practical activity to mediate learners’ sense making of Ohm’s law. The study falls within the interpretive paradigm, whose focus is on the understanding of human world-views. Within the interpretive paradigm a qualitative case study approach was employed. It is a case study because it aimed to investigate a group of learners in a given context. This qualitative case study used purposive sampling to select participants. Various data gathering techniques were employed, namely, documents, observations and stimulated recall interviews. The gathered data was analysed so as to determine the indicators of how learners made sense of Ohm’s law. The findings of this study are that learners were able to construct new knowledge within a social context where the ‘straw electricity’ analogy, using easily accessible resources, was incorporated in tandem with a conventional practical classroom task. Moreover, the ‘straw electricity’ analogy enabled a better understanding of science concepts as it tested and supported different learning skills.
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Soltani, Simon, and Rasmus Lövrén. "Idrottslig verksamhet : En analys av 3 kap. 11 a § ML samt förutsebarheten hos bestämmelsen ur ett rättssäkerhetsperspektiv." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-69150.
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Momsen i Sverige är uppdelad i olika satser, dessa är 0, 6, 12 och 25 procent. Den vanligaste momssatsen är 25 procent. Enligt 3 kap. 11 a § i mervärdesskattelagen (1994:200) (ML) erbjuds undantag från momsplikt om en verksamhet bedriver idrottslig verksamhet. De verksamheter som helt undantas från momsplikt på tillhandahållande av idrottslig verksamhet är sådana som anses vara icke-vinstdrivande subjekt, såsom staten, kommuner eller ideella föreningar. Vinstdrivande subjekt däremot, såsom kommersiella företag med vinstsyfte, kan enligt 7 kap. 1 § 3 st. 10 p. momslagen få en reducerad momssats på 6 procent istället för 25 procent om verksamheten betraktas som idrott. Det har emellertid visat sig att det förekommer avgränsningsproblem gällande vad som är idrott alternativt inte idrott. Det har framkommit i domar och ställningstaganden från Skatteverket att det föreligger problem vid avgöranden om den aktivitet som erbjuds är idrott eller rekreation, nöje och förströelse. Det är vanligt förekommande att nationella domstolar söker förhandsavgöranden från EU-domstolen för att de själva inte kan avgöra om en aktivitet är idrott.Idrottslig verksamhet i 3 kap. 11 a § momslagen saknar en definition. Detta gör det tämligen svårt för enskilda aktörer att avgöra om deras tillhandahållande är idrott enligt momslagen. Det är med tanke på samhällets utveckling och att det ständigt tillkommer nya sporter, som det uppstår problem när lagbestämmelsen inte specificerar vad som utgör idrott. Enskilda kan tolka lagrummet felaktigt i förhållande till egna värderingar om vad idrottsbegreppet innefattar. För att klargöra och utvidga begreppet idrottslig verksamhet som det ska förstås enligt momslagen måste således ledning sökas i rättskällor både i EU-rättslig och nationell bemärkelse samt i övriga källor som är vägledande på området.Resultatet av att det föreligger avgränsningsproblem leder till att rättssäkerheten kan ifrågasättas. Det förklarar sig naturligt att ett lagrum som inte kan tolkas tydligt brister i rättssäkerheten. Lagtexter som är vaga och inte innehåller definierade nyckelbegrepp resulterar i att den som berörs av lagen inte kan förutse konsekvenserna av sitt handlande utifrån lagtexten. Förutsebarheten kan anses vara en av de centralaste delarna i rättssäkerheten, det är särskilt viktigt när det kommer till skatterätten då felaktiga beslut eller bedömningar kan få betungande konsekvenser för den enskilde.Syftet med denna studie är att klargöra hur tolkning av begreppet idrottslig verksamhet ska gå till i förhållande till både EU-rätten samt svensk rätt och övriga källor. Vidare ämnar studien att undersöka huruvida bestämmelse i 3 kap. 11 a § ML är förutsebar i förhållande till rättssäkerheten.
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Christensson, Filip. "Avskaffande av beskattning av kapitalvinster på företagsägda näringsandelar : En studie av effekterna på fåmansföretagsreglerna i IL 57 kap." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-873.
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<p>1998 års företagsskatteutredning föreslår i SOU 2001:11 att beskattningen av kapitalvinster på företagsägda näringsandelar (BKN) avskaffas. Denna uppsats behandlar frågan om hur ett sådant avskaffande skulle påverka de s.k. fåmansföretagsreglerna i IL 57 kap. I uppsatsen visar jag att de nuvarande reglerna i IL 57 kap. inte skulle förmå uppfylla deras syfte vid ett eventuellt avskaffande av BKN. Ett avskaffande av BKN skulle komma att skapa förutsättningar för en omfattande omvandling av arbetsinkomster till kapitalinkomster. Min bedömning är därför att ett avskaffande av BKN bör föranleda en förändring av den nuvarande lagstiftningen i IL 57 kap., vilket skulle ge dessa skatteregler en fortsatt möjlighet att verka i enlighet med deras syfte. I uppsatsen ger jag även min synpunkt i frågan om hur en sådan lagförändring bör se ut. The SOU 2001:11 suggests an abolition of the taxation on capital gains on shares owned by companies. This thesis deals with the question concerning how such an abolition would effect the rules concerning the taxation of companies owned by a small group of shareholders.</p>
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Santos, Fernando Jacinto Anhê. "Análise dos efeitos econômicos da Lei 12.485/11 no mercado audiovisual." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152652.
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Previous issue date: 2017-05-19<br>Após seis anos de aprovação da Lei 12.485/11 (Lei da TV Paga) é possível notar seus efeitos econômicos no mercado audiovisual. A legislação dispõe de artigos que determinam política de cotas para vários elos da cadeia produtiva do audiovisual. A lei também destina verbas provenientes da cobrança do CONDECINE ao FSA (Fundo Setorial do Audiovisual), que é responsável por fomentar e financiar o mercado audiovisual brasileiro. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal observar os efeitos econômicos da lei 12.485/11 no mercado audiovisual nacional em diferentes elos de sua cadeia produtiva. Para isso, a pesquisa começa com um resgate histórico sobre a economia política nacional, sobre seus aspectos legais, políticos e econômicos; sintetiza os primeiros decretos para regular a radiodifusão do governo de Vargas, os decretos de Jânio Quadros, o desenvolvimento da pioneira Lei do Cabo e o desenvolvimento e implementação da Lei 12.485/11. O estudo também faz menção ao período que vai do fim do Império até a década de 1930, quando o modelo agrário e escravagista vai sendo substituído pelas atividades fabris e comerciais. Para estudar os efeitos da Lei 12.485/11 no mercado audiovisual a pesquisa busca observar o contexto histórico, para depois observar os dados qualitativos e quantitativos disponibilizados por diversas entidades sobre os efeitos da Lei 12.485/11 no mercado audiovisual. Em um segundo momento, a pesquisa traz dados relacionados a todos os elos da cadeia produtiva do audiovisual, geração de empregos, novas empresas, novas formas de captar recursos, disponibilizados por entidades do setor. Ao final, o projeto analisa os efeitos econômicos da Lei 12.485/11 a partir dos dados apresentados pela pesquisa e também utiliza a opinião de profissionais atuantes no setor audiovisual para traçar um panorama do mercado audiovisual após a Lei 12.485/11.<br>This project presents the current economic participation of the Brazilian audiovisual sector and investigates the modes of production, forms of distribution, circulation and consumption of audiovisual products in various media and broadcasting platforms. The research shows the history of industry problems such as economic underdevelopment, the concentration of capital in some productive poles in a few regions of the country, the lack of regulation of activities, job insecurity in the area and the lack of economic planning of the State for the strategic development of audiovisual production. Also carry on about Brazilian economic crises of 1962, 1974 and 1981 to explain the current economic crisis which also affects the Brazilian symbolic economy. The second part of the project evaluates the economic effects and professionals of Law 12,845, law the "pay TV" in the fundraising market for audiovisual projects and analyzes the data provided by the market, to make economic projections for the sector due to the current national economic scenario. The project also assesses whether the Law 12,845 could actually achieve its goals of promoting new local and regional content developers, or are just going relocation of professional structures of the major producers. After all, there is the possibility of them have moved to occupy new market niches opened by mandatory regionalization of the pay television programming. The third part of the project brings the implementation of management methodology Project Management Institute projects (PMI) to raise funds for audiovisual projects with the Sector Fund Audiovisual (FSA). The methodology in question includes the planning scope, time, cost, quality, human resources, communications, risk, procurement and project stakeholders. The methodological procedures using various tools and dynamics necessary to obtain information for the development projects. The work aims to assess the economic effects of Law 12,845 in the Brazilian audiovisual market and see the different ways to raise funds open by law. The survey also performs the analysis of economic history and regulation of communications in the country, in order to clarify the current situation. After the prospect of realistically economic political scenario, the graduate student applies to the PMI project management methodology, directing the project to its most practical dimension.
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Okoko, Ghislain. "La "guerre contre le terrorisme international" et le droit international humanitaire au lendemain des attentats du 11 septembre 2001." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAD005/document.
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Qualifiées d’ « actes de guerre », les attaques du 11 septembre 2001 ont permis au Président George W. BUSH de justifier ses interventions militaires déclenchées contre les Etats qu’il désignait comme étant l’ « Axe du Mal » en référence à l’ « Empire du Mal » dénoncé par Ronald REAGAN. Le 18 septembre 2001, le Congrès américain confortait cette militarisation de la lutte contre le terrorisme en votant presque unanimement l’ « Authorization for Use of Military Force ». La réaction des Etats-Unis se résume en quatre mots bien précis : « guerre contre le terrorisme » (« War on Terrorism ») ou « guerre contre la terreur » (« War on terror »). Dès le 6 octobre 2001, cette « guerre » prend la forme d’un conflit armé international en Afghanistan et en Irak. L’objectif principal des Etats-Unis était d’éradiquer le terrorisme en détruisant l’organisation terroriste Al-Qaïda dont son leader Oussama BEN LADEN, que George W. BUSH voulait « mort ou vif » (« Wanted dead or Alive ») en référence à la justice expéditive du Far West. Ces conflits armés ont conduit à la capture des combattants taliban et membres d’Al-Qaïda sur de différents champs de bataille. C’est sur la base du Military Order du Président américain, qu’ils seront pour la plupart d’entres eux détenus à la base navale américaine de Guantanamo bay, qualifiés de « combattants illégaux », puis privés du statut de prisonnier de guerre. La pratique quotidienne de la torture par des soldats américains fera de Guantanamo une véritable « zone de non-droit ». Les détenus se sont retrouvés dans un « trou noir juridique » du fait de l’incertitude créée autour de leur statut juridique. Pourtant, la guerre est réglementée par le droit international humanitaire à travers les règles du jus ad bellum déterminant les situations dans lesquelles il est licite de recourir à la force, et le jus in bello réglementant la conduite d’une guerre. Ce corpus juridique est aujourd’hui largement codifié par les Conventions de Genève de 1949 et leurs Protocoles additionnels de 1977. Mais, la « guerre contre le terrorisme » est incontestablement une nouvelle forme de « guerre » qui n’avait pas été envisagée lors de l’adoption des Conventions de Genève. Une lecture attentive de ces conventions peut laisser penser que ces dispositions ne s’appliquent pas aux terroristes qui s’engagent dans des activités totalement contradictoires au droit de Genève. Si bien que, l’applicabilité et l’application de ce droit dans cette « guerre » semblent controversées, notamment en ce qui concerne le statut des personnes arrêtées puis détenues par les Etats-Unis. Toutefois, la constante du droit international humanitaire veut qu’il soit applicable dès qu’une situation de violence se transforme en conflit armé<br>Described as "acts of war", the attacks of 11 September 2001 enabled President George W. BUSH to justify his military interventions against the states he designated as the "Axis of Evil" "Empire of Evil" denounced by Ronald REAGAN. On September 18, 2001, the US Congress reinforced the militarization of the fight against terrorism by almost unanimously voting the "Authorization for Use of Military Force". The reaction of the United States can be summed up in four very specific words: "War on Terrorism" or "War on Terror". As early as 6 October 2001, this "war" took the form of an international armed conflict in Afghanistan and Iraq. The main objective of the United States was to eradicate terrorism by destroying the terrorist organization al-Qaeda, including its leader Oussama BEN LADEN, whom George W. BUSH wanted "dead or alive" Reference to the expeditious justice of the Far West. These armed conflicts have led to the capture of Taliban fighters and al-Qaeda members on different battlefields. It is on the basis of the US President's Military Order that most of them will be detained at the US naval base in Guantanamo bay, described as "illegal combatants", and then deprived of prisoner-of-war status. The daily practice of torture by American soldiers will make Guantanamo a true "no-law zone". The detainees found themselves in a "legal black hole" due to the uncertainty created around their legal status. Yet war is regulated by international humanitarian law through the rules of jus ad bellum, which determine the situations in which it is lawful to resort to force, and jus in bello regulating the conduct of a war. This corpus of law is today largely codified by the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols of 1977. But the "war on terror" is undoubtedly a new form of "war" which was not envisaged The adoption of the Geneva Conventions. A careful reading of these conventions may suggest that these provisions do not apply to terrorists who engage in activities that are totally contradictory to Geneva law. Thus, the applicability and application of this right in this "war" seem controversial, particularly with regard to the status of those arrested and then detained by the United States. However, the constant of international humanitarian law is that it should be applicable as soon as a situation of violence turns into an armed conflict
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Österlund, Ida. "Samhällsnyttan av vattenverksamheter : Hur tillämpas samhällsnyttokravet i 11 kap. 6 § miljöbalken vid tillståndsprövning av vattenverksamheter?" Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3749.
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<p>Denna uppsats handlar om hur den särskilda tillåtlighetsregeln i 11 kap. 6 § miljöbalken tillämpas vid tillståndsprövning av vattenverksamheter. Av paragrafen följer att en vattenverksamhet endast får bedrivas om den samlade nyttan av verksamheten överväger de kostnader samt skador och olägenheter som verksamheten medför. Syftet med paragrafen är att hindra vattenverksamheter som inte är <em>samhällsekonomiskt motiverade</em> samt utgöra ett extra skydd för miljön utöver miljöbalkens generella miljökrav.</p><p>Syftet med studien är undersöka hur denna paragraf tillämpas i praktiken – både i rättspraxis och i ansökningsförfarandet. Studien bygger i första hand på rättsvetenskaplig metod men ger även en mer allmän introduktion till samhällsekonomiska analysmetoder. Studien visar att det är mycket svårt att finna vägledning i praxis för <em>hur</em> en bedömning av samhällsnyttan bör gå till. Praxis visar dock att även faktorer som verksamhetens överensstämmelse med olika miljökvalitetsmål, art- och områdesskydd och estetiska värden kan få betydelse vid samhällsnyttobedömningen. Från sökandenas sida riktas generellt ett för stort fokus mot den privata eller företagsekonomiska nyttan av verksamheten. Sammantaget medför detta en risk för att miljövärden inte värderas på ett korrekt sätt när de vägs mot en mer konkret uttryckt monetär nytta. Ett bredare perspektiv på bedömningen bör därför antas. Vidare diskuteras även hur tillämpningen av bestämmelsen skulle kunna förbättras mot bakgrund av olika värderingsmetoder.</p><br><p>The subject matter of this Bachelor’s thesis is the special permit condition applying to water operations in accordance with chapter 11 section 6 of the Swedish Environmental Code. The article states that water operations may only be undertaken if the benefits, from the point of view of public and private interests, are greater than the costs and damages associated with them. The purpose of the regulation is to prevent water operations that are not socially efficient and to provide an additional protection for the environment, in excess of the general rules of consideration in the Code.</p><p>The purpose of this study is to look into how this particular article is applied in practice. This is done by analysing the legal usage as practiced by the court as well as by the applicants. The general rule is that the applicant has to show that the operation, for which the permit is being sought, is in compliance with the obligations associated with the activity. The study shows that it is very difficult to find guidance from case law on <em>how</em> an assessment of the social efficiency is to be carried out. Court practice indicates that circumstances such as whether the operation is in compliance with certain environmental objectives can be used to weight different aspects in the social efficiency assessment. However, the assessments carried out by the applicants are in general focused on the economic benefits for the applicant. This practice might entail a risk for environmental values not being properly valued when weighted against more tangible monetary benefits. A broader perspective is therefore called for. Potential improvements on the practice of the article are discussed against different valuation methods.</p>
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Jonsson, Isabelle, and Julia Engström. "Säljarens upplysningsplikt för rådighetsfel : en kritisk granskning av säljarens upplysningsplikt för fel enligt 4 kap 18 § JB och fel enligt 11 kap 64 § PBL." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Affärsrätt, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148880.
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Ansvarsfördelningen vid den abstrakta feltypen konkreta fel, har sedan länge skett med utgångspunkt i köparens undersökningsplikt. Praxis har dock i och med NJA 2007 s 86 gått ifrån denna huvudregel, när HD valde att ålägga säljaren en upplysningsplikt, i strid med de uttalanden som gjordes i förarbetena vid 1990 års lagändring av jordabalken. Rättsfallet har mot bakgrund av detta, blivit starkt kritiserat från flera håll. Vi har i vårt arbete valt att pröva de systematiska argument som HD lägger fram i sina domskäl, för att se huruvida den upplysningsplikt som HD införde i nyss nämnda avgörande, skulle gå att tillämpa på andra feltyper än de som var föremål för prövning i målet. Således har vi i vår uppsats även prövat prejudikatets räckvidd, och huruvida den kritik som riktats mot avgörandet, kan anses vara korrekt. Den systematiska prövning som vi har genomfört, har grundat sig i att försöka utreda tillämpligheten av säljarens upplysningsplikt på dels rådighetsfel enligt 4 kap 18 § JB, och dels på fel enligt 11 kap 64 § PBL. Vi har därefter fört ett resonemang avseende lämpligheten av att ålägga säljaren en upplysningsplikt för nyss nämnda feltyper. Vi har funnit flertalet argument som talar för att ålägga en säljare upplysningsplikt, men i slutändan har det blivit en diskussion grundat på rättsosäkerheten. Denna diskussion har framförallt speglat det moment av osäkerhet som uppstår, när man frångår ansvarsfördelningen om köparens undersökningsplikt, som så länge varit vedertagen i svensk rätt.
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Nelsen, Robert. "Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Immigration Policy: How 9/11 Transformed the Debate Over Illegal Immigration." Chapman University Digital Commons, 2019. https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/war_and_society_theses/4.
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Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, Americans have been at war against some form of terrorism both at home and abroad. This includes abuses of federal immigration laws and policies that relate to legal and illegal immigration with Mexico. It is easily substantiated that thousands of Americans have died at the hands of illegal immigrants from Mexico through criminal activity in the United States or through illegal drug trafficking. This thesis considers whether the immigration policies of Presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush were at fault for not properly securing the border prior to these attacks. Specifically, did the Bush administration effectively secure the border following 9/11? Furthermore, how does the substantial growth of illegal immigrants from 1995 to 2005 correlate to the failed policies passed during this era? This analysis shows that it should not have taken a catastrophic event like the terrorist attacks on 9/11 to realize the urgent need for stronger national security in the homeland. This work concludes with the argument that both administrations should have placed a greater priority on promoting stronger federal immigration laws and policies that would have resulted in better solutions to permanently secure America's southern border with Mexico.
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Saunders, Michael P. "The application of Canon 11 of the Code of Canon Law to members of the Church of England in regard to nullity of marriage." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7750.
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Bobeck, Erik. "Handelsförbudet för insynspersoner : En analys av art. 19 p. 11 MAR och dess funktionalitet." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Affärsrätt, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148796.
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Insiderlagstiftning är ett lagstiftningsområde som de senaste decennierna kraftigt utvecklats i de flesta rättssystem. Insiderlagstiftning består oftast utav en komplex samling lagregler och inte sällan finns det i samlingen bestämmelser specifikt gällande för personer med insynsställning i börsnoterade bolag. I EU-rättslig och i svensk rätt har det genom åren figurerat flera olika varianter av insiderregleringar. Därmed har också de specifika bestämmelserna för insynspersoner varierat. Nuvarande bestämmelse för insynspersoner regleras i art. 19 p. 11 MAR, där det stadgas att dessa insynspersoner är förbjudna att utföra några transaktioner kopplat till det egna bolagets aktie under en period om 30 dagar före bolagets offentliggörande av en finansiell rapport. Regeln syftar till att försöka utjämna det informationsövertag insynspersoner har jämtemot andra investerare genom att förhindra insynspersoner från att utföra transaktioner under vissa tidsperioder, då icke-offentliggjord bolagsinformation kan ha ett stort monetärt värde. Det kan ifrågasättas om den nuvarande regleringen i art. 19 p. 11 MAR är utformad effektivt eller om den är i behov av förändring för att på bättre sätt uppfylla dess syfte. Inom det amerikanska, federala rättssystemet används det parallellt flera alternativa bestämmelser för att försöka stävja samma sak som regeln i art. 19 p. 11 MAR syftar till att göra. I uppsatsen visas tre exempel på alternativa regleringar från den amerikanska rätten, som alla syftar till att minska insiderhandeln. I uppsatsen påvisas att den nuvarande regleringen i art. 19 p. 11 MAR brister i dess utformning, då den nuvarande lydelsen kvarlämnar möjligheter för insynspersoner att undslippa bestämmelsen. För att minska risken för att insynspersoner utnyttjar bristerna i regleringen torde regleringens utformning förändras. För att vidare minska riskerna för att insiderhandel begås av personer i ledande ställningar torde också nämnda reglering kompletteras med ytterligare bestämmelser.
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Frostad, Magne. "Jus in bello after September 11, 2001 : the relationship between jus ad bellum and jus in bello and the requirements for status as prisoner of war /." Baden-Baden : Nomos-Verl.-Ges, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/481909613.pdf.
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