Academic literature on the topic 'Law, Kapauku'

Village Government or also called Pemdes is a government agency tasked with managing village-level regions. This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of the progressive innovative leadership style of the village government on decision making in the preparation of the APBDes in Karangan Village, Rambang Kapak Tengah District, Prabumulih City. Primary data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires and interviews to 90 respondents from 837 population representatives from the village government, community leaders, religious leaders, traditional leaders, women's groups and youth groups in Karangan Village, while secondary data was carried out with a literature review. The method used to analyze data is simple linear regression. The results of the analysis show that independent variables (leadership style) do not show a strong influence on the dependent variable (decision making) through testing the analysis of the coefficient of determination (R2). In addition, the results of the study also showed that the progressive innovative leadership style of the village government had no effect on decision making in the preparation of the APBDes in Karangan Village, Rambang Kapak Tengah Subdistrict, Prabumulih City. This can happen because the leadership style adopted by the Karangan village government prior to Law No. 6/2014 has applied leadership to open the widest possible participation space for the community to participate in transparent and accountable village development planning which later becomes a characteristic of the leadership style innovative progressive. Keywords: Leadership Style, Decision Making

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is a valuable crop in the dry regions of the world, including Namibia. Due to the intensity and recurrence of drought and heat stress in the traditional sorghum growing areas, there is a need to breed and deploy new generation farmer-preferred and climate-smart cultivars to serve the diverse value chains. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to assess the present state of sorghum production in northern Namibia and document farmers’ perceived production constraints and trait preferences in new varieties to guide drought-tolerance breeding. A survey was conducted using a participatory rural appraisal in the following six selected sorghum-growing constituencies in Namibia: Kapako and Mpungu (Kavango West Region), Eenhana and Endola (Ohangwena Region), and Katima Mulilo Rural and Kongola (Zambezi Region). Data were collected using a structured questionnaire involving 198 farmers in 14 sampled villages across the regions. Results revealed variable trends in sorghum production among respondent farmers when disaggregated by gender, age, number of households, education level, cropping systems, types of varieties grown, and perceived production constraints. An equal proportion of male and female respondent farmers cultivate sorghum, suggesting the value of the crop to both genders in Namibia. Most respondent farmers (63.6%) were in productive age groups of <40 years old. In the study areas, low-yielding landrace varieties, namely Ekoko, Okambete, Makonga, Kamburo, Nkutji, Katoma, Fuba, Dommy, Kawumbe, and Okatombo, were widely cultivated, and most of the farmers did not use chemical fertilizers to cultivate sorghum. Farmers’ perceived sorghum production constraints in the study areas included recurrent drought, declining soil fertility, insect pest damage, high cost of production inputs, unavailability of improved seed, lack of alternative improved varieties with farmers’ preferred traits, lack of organic manure, limited access to market and limited extension service. The key farmers’ preferred traits in a new sorghum variety included high grain yield, early maturity, and tolerance to drought, in the field and storage insect pests. The study recommends genetic improvement and new variety deployment of sorghum with the described farmers-preferred traits to increase the sustainable production of the crop in Namibia.