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1
Nell, Michael Paul. "Lead user screening and testing of lead user generated product concepts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15122.
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Chiabotti, Aleardo. "Marktorientierung im Suchfeldprozess durch Lead User." St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/00640870002/$FILE/00640870002.pdf.
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Schreier, Martin, and Reinhard Wilhelm Prügl. "Extending lead user theory: Antecedents and consequences of consumers' lead userness." Wiley-Blackwell, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2008.00305.x.
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Lead users have been shown to be a highly promising source of innovation for generating
radical new product ideas. According to lead user theory, these users are defined as being
ahead of an important market trend and experiencing high benefits from innovating. There is
strong empirical support that these users tend to come up with commercially attractive user
innovations. Other than that, however, there is hardly any knowledge available which helps to
describe and differentiate this "species" of user from more "ordinary" users. The present
article aims to fill this gap and extends lead user theory by exploring some antecedents and
consequences of consumers' "lead userness". As regards antecedents, it is argued that a
consumer's leading-edge status will depend on field-related as well as field-independent
variables. First, it is hypothesized that a consumer's basis of knowledge and use experience
gained in the underlying field will help explain one's lead userness. Second, it is hypothesized
that the two general personality traits of "locus of control" and "innovativeness" will be
related to users' leading-edge status in a given domain. As regards consequences, this article
develops a link between individuals' lead userness and new product adoption behavior. It is
hypothesized that lead users will demonstrate innovative behavior not only by innovating on
their own, but also by adopting new products faster and more intensively. These tenets are
tested in the course of three studies on extreme sports communities (sailplaners [n=129],
technical divers [n=193], and kite surfers [n=139]). Overall, findings are throughout
affirmative. First, it is found that the proposed antecedents (both field-related as well as both
field-independent variables) are strongly related to consumer's lead userness. These findings
have important implications: One major challenge of the lead user method has been the
reliable and efficient identification of leading-edge users in the first place. Findings related to
antecedents suggest that these variables might be employed to improve the lead user search
process - they might be used as a proxy to identify the rare "species" of lead users. Second,
also the proposed consequence of being a lead user finds strong empirical support: Lead user
tend to adopt new products faster and more intensively than other users. These findings
suggest that lead users might be highly valuable to companies beyond the fuzzy front end of
generating radically new product ideas. Lead users might also be relevant to more general
product development and marketing issues. For example, they might be integrated into new
product concept testing methods and "lead userness" might serve as an additional positioning
variable for the marketing of new products. (authors' abstract)
4
Knoll, Daniel, and Viktoria Johnsson. "The Lead User Concept : How High Technology Firms Interact with the Lead User in the Innovation Process." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-28984.
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This study explores how high technology companies interact with their Lead User throughout the innovation process. Thereby, the study focuses on the interaction, after a company approached their Lead User. By using existing literature on the Lead User, the process of innovating as well as the interaction with users in product development, an analytical model was developed. This model served as the basis for the interview guide as well as to present and analyse the empirical data. Due to the fact that this study looks at the Lead User interaction from a different perspective, where little knowledge exists, a qualitative strategy was pursued. In this connection, three companies within the high technology context were studied and a cross-case analysis conducted. Based on our findings, seven conclusions could be drawn. Our conclusions are that: (1) high technology companies mainly interact with the Lead User through ordinary methods; (2) the content of interaction differs in each phase; (3) the outcome of interaction in each phase is mainly the same throughout the companies; (4) there is always one function responsible for the Lead User, which is the same throughout the innovation process; (5) the main incentive for the Lead User to cooperate is intrinsic motivation; (6) the studied companies do not interact with the Lead User when launching the product; and (7) the outcome of the Lead User interaction is seen as being products of a more incremental than radical character. After presenting the conclusions, the implications were displayed. Thereby, the main implications are that companies are recommended to interact with their Lead User throughout the innovation process, in order to align their products to the Lead User’s needs and therefore to reduce the risk and uncertainty of failing on the market. In this connection, it also important for companies to get into face-to-face discussions, to get feedback and understand the needs of the Lead User. Furthermore, companies need to consider that the Lead User is intrinsic motivated, which means by allowing the Lead User to be part of the innovation process and having an influence on the development, companies do not need to provide further financial rewards. Additionally, the Lead User cannot merely be found outside the boundaries of the firm but also within the company.
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Franke, Nikolaus, Hippel Eric von, and Martin Schreier. "Finding commercially attractive user innovations: A test of lead user theory." Wiley-Blackwell, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2006.00203.x.
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Firms and governments are increasingly interested in learning to exploit the value of lead
user innovations for commercial advantage. Improvements to lead user theory are needed to
inform and guide these efforts. In this paper we empirically test and confirm the basic tenants of
lead user theory. We also discover some new refinements and related practical applications.
Using a sample of users and user-innovators drawn from the extreme sport of kite surfing,
we analyze the relationship between the commercial attractiveness of innovations developed by
users and the intensity of the lead user characteristics those users display. We provide a first
empirical analysis of the independent effects of its two key component variables. In our
empirical study of user modifications to kite surfing equipment, we find that both components
independently contribute to identifying commercially attractive user innovations. Component 1
(the "high expected benefits" dimension) predicts innovation likelihood, and component 2 (the
"ahead of the trend" dimension) predicts both the commercial attractiveness of a given set of
user-developed innovations and innovation likelihood due to a newly-proposed innovation supply
side effect. We conclude that the component variables in the lead user definition are indeed
independent dimensions and so neither can be dropped without loss of information - an important
matter for lead user theory. We also find that adding measures of users' local resources can
improve the ability of the lead user construct to identify commercially-attractive innovations
under some conditions.
The findings we report have practical as well as theoretical import. Product modification
and development has been found to be a relatively common user behavior in many fields. Thus,
from 10% to nearly 40% of users report having modified or developed a product for in-house use
(in the case of industrial products) or for personal use (in the case of consumer products) in fields
sampled to date. As a practical matter, therefore, it is important to find ways to selectively
identify the user innovations that manufacturers will find to be the basis for commercially
attractive in the collectivity of user-developed innovations. We discuss the implications of these
findings for theory and also for practical applications of the lead user construct, i.e. how variables
used in lead user studies can profitably be adapted to fit specific study contexts and purposes. (author's abstract)
6
Teodorescu, Anton P. "Lead user innovation : concept analysis and management implications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15302.
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Hienerth, Christoph, Christopher Lettl, and Peter Keinz. "Synergies among Producer Firms, Lead Users, and User Communities: The Case of the LEGO Producer-User Ecosystem." Wiley-Blackwell, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12127.
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While many firms today proactively involve users in their new product development efforts using a wide variety of
methods such as the lead user method, firm-hosted user communities, or mass customization toolkits, some pioneering
firms are experimenting with the creation of sustainable producer-user ecosystems designed for the continuous
exploration and exploitation of business opportunities. In this paper, the functioning of such ecosystems is studied with
particular emphasis on the synergies they can yield. Based on an explorative and longitudinal multiple case study
design, the producer-user ecosystem of the firm LEGO is analyzed, and three main actors in the ecosystem are
identified: entrepreneurial lead users who aim to start their own businesses, a vibrant user community, and the LEGO
company as the focal producer firm and facilitator for multiple user-to-user and user-to-producer interactions. Our
study reveals three kinds of synergies: (1) reduced risk for entrepreneurial lead users and the focal producer firm, (2) the extension of the design space of the focal producer firm's products, and (3) the creation of buzz within the user community. Finally, the theoretical and managerial implications of our findings for innovation researchers and
practitioners are discussed. (authors' abstract)
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Hartman, Fredirk, and Helena Engström. "User innovation på brand communities : en studie av salesforce.com." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för företagsekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-32513.
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Bakgrund och problemformulering - Vi har valt att studera och analysera i vilket avseende det sker user innovation på ett forum skapat av företaget Salesforce. Forumet är ett brand community för användare som utvecklar Salesforce tjänster. Frågeställningarna behandlar om det sker olika typer av user innovation och vad det är som driver användarna till att innovera på det forum vi har valt att studera. Vår studie syftar till att bidra med en bredare kunskap och förståelse kring ämnet då det finns begränsad forskning kring user innovation inom online brand communities idag. Teori - Begreppet brand communities förklaras utifrån Muniz och O’Guinns (2001) synsätt som innebär att ett online brand community är en samlingsplats på internet dedikerat till ett specifikt varumärke. På vårt valda brand community innoverar användarna och vi utgår från Gault (2012) för att redogöra för begreppet innovation som i sin tur möjliggör en fördjupad förståelse för user innovation. Vi utgår från en definition av user innovation som innebär att användare innoverar för sin egen skull (von Hippel & Euchner 2013). Metodologi - Vi eftersträvar en djupare förståelse för user innovation på vårt specifika forum och då lämpar sig en kvalitativ explorativ ansats bäst. Inspiration har hämtats från Kozinets (2006, 2011) kvalitativa metod netnografi som innebär en deltagande-observerande forskning på nätet. Resultat - I detta avsnitt presenterar vi de likheter och skillnader som Salesforce forum har med Muniz och O’Guinns (2001) kriterier för vad ett brand community är. Vidare presenteras vårt resultat i form av två kategorier av user innovations: modifierade innovationer och skapande innovationer. Kategorierna förklaras och illustreras med exempel som klargör deras innebörd. Analys och diskussion - I analysen diskuterar vi vad som driver användarna på vårt valda forum att innovera och analyserar likheter och skillnader med redan befintliga teorier kring user innovation. Vi resonerar oss fram till en ny term vi väljer att kalla user co-innovation samt spekulerar i huruvida innovationerna genererar någonting för Salesforce. Slutsats - Vårt teoretiska bidrag till forskningen presenteras genom vår modell som illustrerar sambandet mellan user innovation, user co-innovation och våra två kategorier. Modellen innefattar vilka användare som innoverar, vilkafaktorer som driver dem till att innovera och resultatet av user co-innovation på vårt valda brand community.Nyckelbegrepp - Innovation, user innovation, lead users, brand community, online community, netnografi.<br>Background and problematization -We have chosen to study to what extent user innovation occurs on a forum created by the company Salesforce. This forum is a brand community devoted to user development of Salesforce services. Our main research question is whether there occur different types of user innovations on the brand community we are studying and what it is that drives these users to innovate. Our study aims to contribute with a wider knowledge and understanding of user innovation on brand communities since the research of today on the subject is limited. Theory - In this chapter we explain the concept of brand community based on Muniz and O’Guinns (2001) definition which implies that an online brand community is an online meeting place for people dedicated to a specific brand. User innovation occurs on our chosen brand community and we base ourselves on Gaults (2012) theory to explain innovation in order to explain the term user innovation. We use one definition of user innovation which implies that users innovate for themselves (von Hippel & Euchner 2013). Methodology - We seek a deeper understanding of user innovation on our specific brand community and that makes a qualitative exploratory approach best suited. Inspiration has been taken from Kozinets (2006, 2011) netnography which is a qualitative method and involves participatory observation research online. Results - In this chapter we present the similarities and differences that we have been able to identify between Salesforce forum and the criteria for a brand community set by Muniz and O’Guinn (2001). Furthermore we introduce our result which consists of two categories of user innovations: modified innovations and creativity innovations. The categories are explained and illustrated with examples that clarify their meaning. Analysis and discussion - In this chapter we discuss what drives users on our chosen brand community to innovate and analyze similarities and differences between already existing theory on user innovation. Our discussion results in a new term which we choose to name user co-innovation. We also speculate whether the user innovations generate something of value for Salesforce. Conclusion - Our theoretical contribution to the subject is presented by our model that illustrates the connection between user innovation, user co-innovation and our two categories. The model includes which users that innovate, the factors driving them to innovate and the results of user co-innovation on our chosen brand community.
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Johansson, Erik, Martin Olofsson, and Aida Cvetojevic. "Lead user-involvering i produktutvecklingen : en studie om kaffeförvaring." Thesis, Karlstad University, Division for Business and Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-223.
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<p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera beteende hos lead users angående deras förvaring och</p><p>konsumtion av kaffe. Genom att göra en jämförelse med icke lead users har vi undersökt</p><p>om lead users uppvisar ett avvikande beteende. Vi har även utifrån svaren kunnat ge</p><p>förslag på lösningar om hur kaffeförvaring kan utformas och förbättras.</p><p>Utifrån 40 intervjuer med kaffekonsumenter har vi försökt urskilja lead users. Vi har</p><p>utgått från en modell som vi utvecklat tillsammans och som bygger på tidigare teorier. Vi</p><p>har poängsatt alla frågor och multiplicerat med viktningsgraden. Utifrån de summor vi</p><p>fick delade vi in grupperna i lead users och icke lead users. Gruppen emellan valde vi att</p><p>kalla gråzon.</p><p>Genom undersökningen har vi kommit fram till att det förekommer ett avvikande</p><p>beteende hos lead users. Lead users har ett utpräglat intresse för kaffe, kaffevaror samt</p><p>originalitet. De har ofta fler egna och unika idéer än icke lead users. Lead users har dock</p><p>de mest svårimplementerade idéerna och lösningarna. Icke lead users har inte ett</p><p>utpräglat intresse för kaffe och inte heller några idéer eller lösningar kring kaffeförvaring.</p><p>De som hamnade i vår gråzon är oftast personer med kaffeintresse men inga idéer kring</p><p>kaffeförvaring eller inget kaffeintresse men idéer som kan vara användbara.</p><p>Utifrån svaren har vi funnit att många skulle vilja se mindre kaffeförpackningar i en</p><p>större förpackning. Någon form av återförslutning har många önskat, t ex en plastremsa</p><p>som gör att man lätt kan stänga förpackningen. Vi har även funnit att många förvarar sitt</p><p>kaffe i en kaffeburk. För att aromen och smakämnena skall bevaras på bästa sätt skall inte</p><p>kaffet tas ur sin förpackning och därför anser vi att kafferosterier förslagsvis kan sälja</p><p>kaffeburkarna som en kringprodukt i livsmedelsbutikerna.</p><br><p>The aim with the essay is to study behavior of lead users concerning their storing and</p><p>consumption of coffee. By comparing lead users with non lead we will see if there is a</p><p>deviating behavior. On the basis of the research we can give solutions to how coffee</p><p>storing can be formulated and improved.</p><p>On the basis of 40 interviews with coffee consumers we have tried to distinguish lead</p><p>users. In doing so we started with a model that we developed together and that builds on</p><p>earlier theories. We have scored all questions and multiplied with the weighting degree.</p><p>On the basis of those totals, we divided the groups in lead users and non lead users. The</p><p>interviewees that didn’t fall into these categories we put in a group called the grey zone.</p><p>Through the survey we noticed a deviating behavior of lead users. Lead users have a</p><p>pronounced interest for coffee, coffee products and originality. They often have more of</p><p>their own and unique ideas than non lead users. However lead users have the most</p><p>difficult implemented ideas and solutions. Non lead users do not have a pronounced</p><p>interest for coffee and neither ideas or solutions around coffee storing. Those in our grey</p><p>zone are most often persons with coffee interests but no ideas around coffee storing, or no</p><p>coffee interest but ideas that can prove to be applicable.</p><p>On the basis of our research we found that many would like to see smaller coffee</p><p>packaging within a bigger package. Many also desired some type of resealable package,</p><p>perhaps a plastic zip lock that makes the package easy to reseal. We have also found that</p><p>many users stored their coffee in a coffee tin. In order to best preserve the aroma and</p><p>taste, the coffee should not be taken out of its packaging. Therefore we suggest that</p><p>coffee roasters sell the coffee tins as an accessory product in the food markets.</p>
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Mehmedbegovic, Kemal, and Vildana Trbakovic. "Framtagning av kontrollmätningstekniker för byggnader genom en lead user-studie." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1132.
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<p>TeliaSonera har sedan ett tag tillbaka inlett ett projekt med ett antal företag inom byggbranschen. Projektet går ut på att ta fram kontrolltekniker som kontinuerligt mäter en byggnads tillstånd genom hela dess livstid, så att eventuella brister kan upptäckas innan de blir till ett problem. Med andra ord är tanken att ha någon form av teknik som kontinuerligt avläser diverse egenskaper i en byggnad som exempelvis fuktighetshalten i väggarna, om ventilationen fungerar som den ska och halten av olika ämnen i luften.</p><p>Det praktiska syftet var att verifiera om trenden kontinuerlig kontrollmätning efterfrågas genom att ta kontakt med branschexperter inom såväl byggbranschen som vissa andra parallella branscher och se om även de uppmärksammat denna. Under antagandet att de gjort det, var intentionen vidare att försöka urskilja de så kallade lead users. Lead users är användare vilka erfar behov före marknaden som helhet samt som är benägna till att vara innovativa, då en lösning på deras behov förväntas medföra stor nytta för dem. Under förutsättning att det varit möjligt att urskilja denna typ av användare var avsikten att därefter ta reda på vilka behov respektive lösningar som de uppfattade i samband med denna trend.</p><p>För genomförandet av undersökningen valdes en kvalitativ forskningsansats. Vid insamlandet av empirin användes telefonintervjuer där personer verkande inom byggbranschen samt andra parallella branscher, som också använder sig av diverse kontrolltekniker, intervjuades.</p><p>Den empiri som erhölls analyserades mot bakgrund av teorier inom ämnet. De centrala teorier som tas upp är bland annat lead user-begreppet, lead user-metoden samt svårigheter vid implementering av innovationer på marknaden.</p><p>I slutsatsen konstaterades att såväl trenden; kontinuerliga kontrollmätningar som lead users existerar inom byggbranschen. Dock visade sig urskiljningen av dessa användare vara enklare i teorin än i praktiken. Avslutningsvis identifierades även ett antal behov respektive lösningar som lead users uppfattade i samband med denna trend.</p>
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Rybo, Frida, and Alfred Söder. "Next generation expedition stove : A lead user approach to product development." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Avd.), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277902.
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In 1996 Primus launched their expedition stove Multifuel, the first stove that could run on liquified petroleum gas (LPG), white gas, kerosene and aviation fuel. The multi-fuel stoves are part of the Primus expedition range of equipment. The line was designed and built to perform in extreme conditions. The expedition stoves have been roughly the same since then. Therefore Primus wanted to investigate what the future looks like for these stoves. The expedition segment is very important to the company as it reflects their heritage. Primus had an internal goal of updating the expedition line within the next few years, which was the main reason why this master thesis project arose. The purpose of the project was to investigate the usability of expedition line stoves and understand the user needs to find a direction for the next generation of expedition stoves. The goal was to deliver product development guidelines that Primus can make use of in the continued work as well a well-motivated concept and recommendations for future development based on these guidelines. The work has been carried out applying an adapted lead user approach, meaning some chosen users have been involved throughout the whole development process. Extensive research was made including interviews and user studies. The qualitative data was analysed with inspiration from the Gioia framework and resulted in product development guidelines including insights from the analysis, a user-centered re-segmentation of Primus’ expedition stove line and identification of whitespace. It became evident that an expedition gas stove should be included in the segment as professional users show great will to use gas and the need for multi-fuel is low. Based on the guidelines and user involvement a validated product concept was brought forth. The Primus Altitude Ti is an expedition gas stove in titanium with a flame spreading laminar flow burner providing silent and fuel efficient cooking. The stove has a regulated valve at the burner and an ON/OFF valve at the canister allowing to run the stove in liquid feed mode which is beneficial in cold conditions.<br>År 1996 lanserade Primus sitt expeditionskök Multifuel, vilket var det första köket som kunde användas med gasol, kemiskt ren bensin, fotogen och flygbränsle. Multifuel och ytterligare två flerbränslekök är idag en del av företagets expeditionssegment, som designades för att prestera under extrema förhållanden. Expeditionsköken har inte förändrats avsevärt sedan de togs fram, vilket ledde till att Primus ville undersöka hur framtiden för dessa kök ser ut. Eftersom expeditionsköken symboliserar företagets arv är det ett viktigt segment för dem. Primus satte upp ett internt mål att uppdatera expeditionssegmentet inom de närmsta åren, vilket var huvudorsaken till att detta examensarbete utfördes. Syftet med projektet var att undersöka användarvänligheten hos expeditionsköken och förstå användarnas behov för att på så sätt besluta om en riktning för nästa generations expeditionskök. Målet med arbetet var att leverera både riktlinjer för kommande produktutveckling och ett välmotiverat produktkoncept som är baserat på de framtagna riktlinjerna. Under arbetets gång har en anpassad variant av lead user-metoden använts, vilket betyder att ett antal utvalda användare med värdefulla egenskaper har involverats genom arbetsprocessen. Omfattande undersökningar har gjorts genom bland annat intervjuer och användarstudier. Den kvalitativa datan analyserades med inspiration av Gioia-metodologin och resulterade i en överlämning med riktlinjer för produktutveckling. Detta innefattar insikter från analysen, en användarcentrerad omsegmentering av Primus expeditionssegment samt en identifiering av luckor på marknaden. Det blev tydligt att ett expeditionsgaskök borde inkluderas i segmentet eftersom professionella användare visade stor vilja att använda gas och behovet för flerbränslekök var litet. Baserat på riktlinjerna togs ett produktkoncept fram. Primus Altitude Ti är ett expeditionsgaskök mestadels bestående av titan med en bred brännare som använder sig av tekniken för ett laminärt flöde, vilket ger en tyst och bränsleeffektiv användning. Köket har en steglös ventil vid brännaren samt en ventil med två lägen, på och av, vid gasbehållaren som tillåter drift av köket med gasbehållaren uppochned vilket är fördelaktigt vid kalla förhållanden.
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Schreier, Martin, Stefan Oberhauser, and Reinhard Wilhelm Prügl. "Lead users and the adoption and diffusion of new products: Insights from two extreme sports communities." Springer Verlag, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11002-006-9009-3.
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Lead users are proposed as a valuable resource for marketers in terms of the (1)
development, (2) adoption, and (3) diffusion of new products. We present the first consumer study
to provide evidence that the latter two suggestions are justified. First, we find that lead users
demonstrate stronger domain-specific innovativeness than more "ordinary" users. Second, lead
users perceive new technologies as less "complex" and might therefore be better prepared to adopt
them. Third, we find that lead users demonstrate stronger opinion leadership and weaker opinion
seeking tendencies. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings for the marketing of new
products. (authors' abstract)
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Vogel, Michael. "Kundenintegration in die Innovations-Frühphase Methodentransfer für Industriegüter aus der Software-Entwicklung /." St. Gallen, 2005. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02603660001/$FILE/02603660001.pdf.
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Urech, Dominic. "Kongruenz der Erwartungshaltungen von Ausrüster und Leaduser Eine empirische Untersuchung bei Reusch /." St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01654870002/$FILE/01654870002.pdf.
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Seifert, Sascha. "Kundeninnovations-Kompetenz : Konzeptionalisierung, Determination, Konsequenzen /." Duisburg ; Köln : WiKu, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016286551&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Castro, Ana Elisa Martins Pacheco de. "Integrando o conhecimento de usuários: um estudo sobre a capacidade de absorção de conhecimento de lead users." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-02062016-121852/.
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Os custos elevados de aquisição de conhecimento, a intensificação da concorrência e a necessidade de aproximação do consumidor vêm estimulando empresas a buscar formas alternativas de aumentar seu potencial de inovação pela integração de usuários. No entanto, a literatura e o senso comum convergem ao afirmar que nem todo usuário está habilitado a trazer conhecimentos que sustentem a vantagem competitiva das inovações. Nesse contexto, emerge a figura do lead user que, por definição, é capaz de sentir necessidades de produtos e serviços ainda não expressos por usuários regulares. Esses conhecimentos, quando adequadamente absorvidos, trazem benefícios expressivos às empresas que os incorporam ao DNP. Sabendo que as formas de incorporação de usuários apresentam variações, este estudo se destina a entender como empresas de diferentes setores absorvem conhecimentos de lead users por diferentes práticas de integração. Para tanto, foi escolhido o método de estudo de casos múltiplos incorporados, observados em três multinacionais de grande porte: Natura, Whirlpool e Microsoft (Bing). Ao todo foram avalidados cinco modos de integração distintos, escolhidos a partir de duas formações: individual (conhecimentos isolados de usuários distintos) e coletivo (conhecimentos articulados em discussões em grupo), analisados pelos métodos de indução analítica com síntese cruzada de dados. Os resultados mostraram que as categorias teóricas utilizadas para observação inicial do fenômenol: parâmetro de identificação e técnica de seleção (aquisição); mecanismo de interação (assimilação); mecanismos de socialização (transformação) e sistema de formalização (exploração) apoiaram parcialmente o entendimento das atividades do processo e, por esta razão, precisaram se complementadas pelas categorias emergentes: criação de contexto, motivação (aquisição); estímulos, parâmetro de observação, interpretação (assimilação); definição de papéis, coordenação de processos, combinação de conhecimento (transformação) e gestão do conhecimento (exploração), coletadas na fase empírica Essa complementação aumentou a robustez do modelo inicial e mostrou como a absorção de conhecimentos pode ser avaliada pelas dimensões absortivas. No entanto, as análises intra e intercasos que se seguiram, mostraram que esse entendimento era insuficiente para explicar a capacidade de absorção por diferentes práticas, uma vez que o fenômeno é influenciado por fatores contextuais associados tanto à prática de integração quanto ao modo como cada empresa se organiza para inovar (tipo de acesso ao colaborador). As reflexões teóricas realizadas a partir desses resultados permitiram contribuir com a teoria existente de duas formas: I) pelo entendimento estendido das atividades de absorção necessárias para incorporação de conhecimentos de lead users e III) pela proposição de um modelo conceitual amplo que abarcou diferentes práticas de integração considerando também os antecedentes de inovação, as atividades absortivas e os fatores adjuntos, inerentes a cada prática. Esta pesquisa objetiva contribuir para o conhecimento teórico sobre inovação e motivar reflexões que possam ser úteis para gerentes e executivos interessados em aprimorar suas práticas e processos de captação de conhecimentos de lead users.<br>The high costs of acquiring knowledge, the increased competition and the need for consumer approach has stimulated companies to seek alternative ways to increase their innovation potential by integrating users. However, literature and common sense converge to say that not every user is able to bring knowledge to support the competitive advantage of innovations. In this context, the picture emerges of the lead user that, by definition, is capable of sensing needs for products and services not yet expressed by regular users. This knowledge, when properly absorbed, bring significant benefits to companies that incorporate the DNP. Knowing that the forms of incorporation users have variations, this study aims to understand how companies from different sectors lead absorb knowledge users for different integration practices. Thus, it was chosen the method of multiple case study incorporated, observed in three large multinationals: Natura, Whirlpool and Microsoft (Bing). In all, we avalidados five distinct modes of integration, chosen from two configurations: individual (individual knowledge of different users) and collective (articulated knowledge in group discussions), analyzed by the methods of analytic induction cross-synthesis of data. The results showed that the theoretical categories used for the initial observation phenomenological: identification and parameter selection technique (acquisition); interaction mechanism (assimilation); socialization mechanisms (transformation) and formalizing system (exploration) partially supported the understanding of the process activities and, therefore, had to be complemented by emerging categories: context of creation, motivation (acquisition); stimulus parameter of observation, interpretation (assimilation); definition of roles, coordination processes, combination of knowledge (processing) and knowledge management (holding) collected empirical phase This supplement increased the robustness of the initial model and showed how the absorption of knowledge can be assessed by the absorptive dimensions. However, intra- and intercasos analysis that followed showed that such an approach was insufficient to explain the absorption capacity for different practices, since the phenomenon is influenced by contextual factors related both to the practice of integration as to how each enterprise is organized to innovate (type of access to the employee). The theoretical reflections made from these results allowed to contribute to the existing theory in two ways: I) by understanding extended the absorption activities necessary for incorporating lead users of knowledge and III) by proposing a broad conceptual model that encompassed different practices Integration also considering the innovation history, the absorptive activities and deputy factors inherent to each practice. This research aims to contribute to the theoretical understanding of innovation and motivate reflections that might be useful for managers and executives interested in improving their practices and lead users knowledge capture processes.
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Schrader, Marc Falko. "Das Management einer Innovationskooperation zwischen einem Investitionsgüterhersteller und einem Lead User im Rahmen des Beziehungsmarketing : eine branchenunabhängige Analyse aus Herstellersicht /." München Mering Hampp, 2008. http://d-nb.info/990927903/04.
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Lüthje, Christian, Christopher Lettl, and Cornelius Herstatt. "Knowledge distribution among market experts: A closer look into the efficiency of information gathering for innovation projects." Inderscience, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2003.003423.
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Information gathering from sources outside the company plays a critical role in most innovation projects. Particularly, it seems promising to approach external market experts to develop an indepth understanding of current use problems, changing customer needs and trends for new product solutions. When planning expert interviews, firms are confronted with the question whether knowledge is distributed rather homogeneously or heterogeneously ("scattered") among a pool of experts. This issue strongly determines how many experts need to be interviewed in order to develop a comprehensive understanding of a given search field for innovation. In the present paper we analyse expert interviews that were conducted in the context
of an innovation project in the field of surgical hygiene products. We find high heterogeneity of expert knowledge: Market experts in our sample vary in terms of market information they provide for the particular product field. We argue that this finding is in alignment with the
concept of "bounded rationality" and the theory of "contextual development of knowledge". Our findings have implications for the management of external information gathering and the identification of market experts.(author's abstract)
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Ventura, Sara Cristina da Costa. "Gestão da inovação em países de desenvolvimento tecnológico médio: uma análise ao lead user method." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23193.
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Mestrado em Gestão<br>Este estudo surge devido ao desafio de se implementarem métodos de gestão
da inovação diferentes dos tradicionais, nomeadamente a inovação aberta. A
inovação aberta procura abrir o processo de inovação a agentes externos à
organização. Neste contexto, o lead user method (LUM) surge como uma
abordagem possível, em que se aproveitam utilizadores dos produtos da
empresa (ou de produtos de um concorrente, que transformam para seu uso,
por ainda não existir no mercado algo que os satisfaça e por estarem à frente
das tendências do momento) como fonte de inovação. Utilizadores lead user
são, por empresas que seguem o LUM, pesquisados e procurados de forma
sistemática num processo que se documenta ser mais económico, rápido e
com resultados mais certos do que se se optar pelo processo de inovação
fechado mais tradicional. Surge então a questão de pesquisa: por que motivo é
que o LUM não é adotado em Portugal, um país de desenvolvimento
tecnológico médio (numa lista da Bloomberg liderada pela Coreia do Sul e que
vê na cauda inferior, em 50º lugar, Marrocos, no Norte de África; estando
Portugal em 30º na lista de 2015). De forma a chegar a uma resposta à
pergunta de investigação realizaram-se dois casos de estudo relevantes
(Grupo CJ e PRIFER), uma interação focus group, trocas de informação com
especialistas da área (incluindo com Eric von Hippel, o principal promotor do
LUM), assim como um inquérito online a consumidores (205 respostas válidas)
que procurava medir a recetividade à inovação aberta e ao LUM. Foi referido
especificamente em entrevista que o comodismo será um entrave ao LUM. A
inovação acaba por depender das pessoas - que se acomodam e preferem
métodos tradicionais e testados e resistem à mudança por estes motivos (este
último sendo um aspeto falado pelo principal promotor do LUM, a nível
mundial). Tudo o que é novo e diferente do que habitualmente se faz encontra
resistência. Em particular, estando os gestores já habituados a determinadas
formas de trabalhar – por exemplo a realização de estudos de mercado, uma
forma mais tradicional de determinar o que o mercado procura – que é menos
eficaz, segundo a literatura, do que o LUM. É assim explicado por que motivo o
LUM não está com maior procura, sendo que existe material sobre o tópico,
em abundância e grátis, que deveria indiciar resultados opostos dos
verificados na prática.<br>This study arose due to the challenge to implement methods to manage
innovation and which are different from the more usual methods used. Namely,
the author is interested in open innovation, as opposed to closed innovation (a
more traditional approach). Open innovation seeks to open the innovation
process to agents located outside the organization. In this context the lead user
method (LUM) appears as a possible approach, and whereby users of the
firm’s products (or users of products developed by a rival) transform products
for their personal use (other than for commercial purposes). Lead users, as
they are located ahead of the market tendencies, and as no product in the
market exists to satisfy them, innovate for their own personal consumption and
are therefore an important source of innovation. Firms which implement LUM
actively seek lead users, systematically – to learn from them. This process
leads to a more economic and faster innovation process, and which has much
better results than the more traditional method. The research question thus
addressed has to do with why LUM is not adopted in Portugal, an
intermediately developed country in technological terms (in a list developed and
published by Bloomberg, where South Korea is in first place and Morocco is
placed last, in 50th position; Portugal is placed 30th; for 2015). In order to
answer the research question two case studies were performed with
Portuguese firms (Grupo CJ and PRIFER), as was a focus group, as well as
exchanges with experts in the innovation process (including with Eric von
Hippel – the main researcher of LUM). Finally, an online survey was also done
and which had 205 valid answers from consumers. Thus, with this final tool, the
receptiveness to innovation and to LUM, in particular, were measured. It was
specifically referred to in an interview that employees rest on their laurels and
are self-indulgent – which is a barrier to the LUM. Innovation thus depends on
people – who prefer proven methods, traditional and tested, and resist change
for this reason (this latter aspect having been referred to by the main promoter
of LUM worldwide). Anything which is new and different to “business-as-usual”
will encounter resistance. Managers who are used to certain practices – for
example market surveys and such, in search of what a market wants – though
being less effective than LUM will tend to be favoured. We thus have found an
explanation for why LUM is not in greater demand, despite the existence of
material on the subject, in abundance, and free of charge, which if read and
adhered to would lead to better innovation results.
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Seitz, Diego. "Enterprise 2.0 How to Foster Innovation by Web-based Collaboration Technology? /." St. Gallen, 2009. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02604882002/$FILE/02604882002.pdf.
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Cordes, Mikael, and Marko Stugbäck. "Selecting the Right Strategy : How are user innovations linked to the product life cycle for mature industries." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-12073.
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Companies are dependent on continuously provide the market with new products to keep its market position and profitability level. The companies examined in this thesis are two bigger Swedish enterprises that have a long history in a mature business-to-business context providing industrial goods to the market. This work examines how users are involved in the different innovation and product development activities. The problem is to understand how business-to-business companies co-operate with stakeholder and users, when in the product life cycle that is done, and who are the ones doing the actual innovation. The methodological approach for the work was deductive, building a theory including innovation, strategy and user theories that was empirically tested and followed by an analysis and conclusion of the found evidence. Key findings: Most if not all innovations in mature market are routine ones. There is lack of strategic focus due to micromanagement that shifts focus rapidly. Innovations are often found in the beginning and in the end of the product life cycle. Mature markets tend to utilize a more closed innovation model as opposite to an open model. Users are not heavily involved in the actual innovation process. Stickiness and tacit knowledge is quite big in large corporation event though there is said to be a strategic focus on the customers. Implications: More involvement of users, especially lead users, will lead to more innovations. Utilising strategic buckets of different sizes for spreading the resources on different innovation types (routine/disruptive/discontinuous) to become successful
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Merret, Robert, and Rannar Sillard. "Identifiering av begränsningar med användarcentrerad design : En studie vid ett företag i tidigt skede inom Internet of Things." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192527.
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Syfte Syftet med denna uppsats var att identifiera begränsningarna som företag i tidigt skede stöter på vid involvering av användare i produktutvecklingsprocessen. De huvudsakliga begränsningarna för användarcentrerad design samt på vilka sätt dessa kan arbetas runt presenteras och diskuteras. Ett ramverk för effektiva samarbeten med användare presenteras, vilket företag som befinner sig i ett tidigt skede kan följa för att skapa innovativa teknikprodukter. Design/metod Denna studie har till största del genomförts i form av ett flertal praktiska experiment där användare deltagit och bidragit till nya produktkoncept på Shortcut Labs som är en svensk startup. Tillvägagångssättet skedde enligt s.k. ’black box testing’ där ingen klar hypotes användes för varje experiment utan datan från varje steg kom till användning vid planeringen av nästa. Resultat Studien visar att många av begränsningarna för användarcentrerad design som identifierats i tidigare forskning och litteratur gäller även för ett företag i tidigt skede. Därtill tyddliggörs varför ’lead user’-metoden innebär vissa svårigheter för unga tillverkande företag av konsumentprodukter. Ramverket som presenteras som ett resultat av de utförda experimenten är en steg-för-steg guide som ett tillverkande företag i tidigt skede kan följa för att effektivt dra nytta av de olika typer av användare som kan involveras i en produktutvecklingsprocess. Avgränsningar/konsekvenser Tidsramen och omfattningen av studien innebar att det presenterade ramverket endast är framtaget för produktutvecklingsprocessens initiala faser; idégenerering samt konceptutvecklingsfaserna. Den begränsade urvalsgruppen samt mindre mängden av användare kan ha bidragit till snedvridning av insamlad data. Bland utvecklingsmöjligheter för forskning i ämnet föreslås en fortsättning på studien genom produktutvecklingens alla faser inklusive produktlansering. Originalitet/värde Marknaden för IoT-relaterade produkter är fortfarande i sin linda. Studien birdrar till existerande forskning kring användarinvolvering genom att belysa hur detta fungerar för företag i tidiga skeden inom marknaden för sakernas internet. Genomförandet beskrivs ur utvecklingsteamets perspektiv för att se hur man kan skapa innovativa produkter som möter en allt mer krävande användare hårdare marknad.<br>Purpose The purpose of this thesis was to identify what limitations early stage companies face when involving users in a new product development process. The main limitations of a user centered design approach are stated and solutions or modifications to these limitations are suggested and discussed. A framework that incorporates the proposed solutions was produced that suggests an outline for an effective process that early stage companies can follow if they aim to create innovative products for the IoT market. Design/methodology/approach The research was conducted by first hand experimental research involving users to produce a new product concept at Shortcut Labs, an early stage ‘startup’ company. The experimental ‘black box testing’ approach used was necessary as it allowed the authors to perform experimental studies, based on a non-hypothetical question, to determine the motivation for the next stage. Findings The research conducted found that many of the previously identified limitations of a user centered design approach held true in an early stage company. In addition, key sections of the lead user method are not applicable in an early stage consumer product company due to the market area and substantial resource requirements. The framework produced as a result of the experimental approach proposes a step by step guide in which consumer orientated early stage companies can follow to effectively leverage the inputs from multiple types of users when undertaking an NPD project. Research limitations/implications The limited sample size and locality bias of the involved users was a constraint. Furthermore, the timeframe and scope of the thesis meant that this framework is only applicable during the ideation and concept development stages. Further work is required to establish how to effectively involve users through the remaining phases until product launch. Originality/value The IoT market in which this thesis was conducted is rapidly developing and still in its infancy. Little previous work had been conducted in user involvement specifically for early stage companies or this market. The study looks through the lens of a project development team in order to provide insights to better develop innovative products that meet the needs of an ever more demanding user.
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von, Hippel Eric, Nikolaus Franke, and Reinhard Wilhelm Prügl. "Pyramiding: Efficient search for rare subjects." Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2009.07.005.
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The need to economically identify rare subjects within large, poorly-mapped search spaces is a frequently-encountered problem for social scientists and managers. It is notoriously difficult, for example, to identify "the best new CEO for our company," or the "best three lead users to participate in our product development project." Mass screening of entire populations or samples becomes steadily more expensive as the number of acceptable solutions within the search space becomes rarer.
The search strategy of "pyramiding" is a potential solution to this problem under many conditions. Pyramiding is a search process based upon the idea that people with a strong interest in a topic or field tend to know people more expert than themselves. In this paper we report upon four experiments empirically exploring the efficiency of pyramiding searches relative to mass screening. We find that pyramiding on average identified the most expert individual in a group on a specific topic with only 28.4% of the group interviewed - a great efficiency gain relative to mass screening. Further, pyramiding identified one of the top 3 experts in a population after interviewing only
15.9% of the group on average. We discuss conditions under which the pyramiding search method is likely to be efficient relative to screening.
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Dikme, Feride, and Emma Svensson. "Användarinvolvering inom produktutvecklingsprocessen för skidor." Thesis, KTH, Integrerad produktutveckling, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-291436.
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Förståelsen för användarnas behov är i centrum för att kunna utveckla produkter som är välanpassade för användarna. Skidutrustning är generellt definierad av sina funktioner, användbarhet och sin prestanda och därför är dess utveckling till stor grad styrd av teknik. Hur företag går tillväga för att uppfylla användarnas behov ser olika ut från företag till företag. Forskning kring olika metoder för användarinvolvering görs för att kunna ta fram produkter som på bästa sätt uppfyller användarens behov. Syftet med denna studie är att studera hur användarna involveras i produktutvecklingsprocessen för skidutrustning. Undersöka vilka metoder företagen använder för att involvera användarna och under vilka faser de involveras, samt att erhålla information om hur denna data bearbetas och hur den används i produktutvecklingsprocessen. Studien analyserar hur olika skidföretag i Norden integrerar användarna i sina utvecklingsprocesser och diskuterar sedan dess fördelar, nackdelar och konsekvenser. En litteraturstudie gjordes för att ta fram en teoretisk referensram. Fyra olika skidföretag i Norden som producerar alpinskidor intervjuades utifrån en intervjuguide som tagits fram för att svara på studiens frågeställningar. Därefter transkriberades intervjuerna, nyckelord hittades och sex stycken teman togs fram. Dessa teman är; under vilken fas användaren involveras, fördelar, utmaningar, val av användare, val av metod för användarinvolvering och grad av användarinvolvering. Alla företagens likheter och olikheter analyserades och jämfördes mot varandra och mot litteraturen under dessa sex teman, därefter kunde slutsatser dras under alla dessa teman. Studien kom fram till att prototyptestning är viktig för produktutvecklingen enligt samtliga intervjuade företag. Användarna kan utöver prototyptestning involveras på flera sätt och till högre samt lägre grad, det är också möjligt att användarna inte involveras utöver prototyptestning. Samtliga företag ansåg att de involverar användarna så mycket som de tycker är passande och möjligt för produkten som utvecklas. När företagen jämfördes mot varandra visade det sig att graden och metoden av användarinvolvering varierade mycket. Trots att de delar samma syn gällande att användarinvolvering är gynnsamt för utvecklingen av produkter. Det spekulerades kring paralleller mellan företagens framgång samt grad av användarinvolvering men inga tydliga slutsatser kunde dras.<br>In today's society, it is inevitable that the need for users' inputs are increasingly utilized by companies. Understanding the users' needs and wishes is at the center of being able to develop products that are well adapted to the users. Research on different methods is available in many different business areas as there are several examples of its profitability. Ski equipment is generally defined by its features, usability, durability and performance, therefore is its development largely governed by technology. The origin and purpose of this study is to investigate how the users are involved in the ski manufacturing business area. This study explores different methods for user involvement and seeks to understand how different degrees of user involvement are used in practice relative to the literature. This study further analyzes how different ski companies in the Nordic countries integrate users into their product development process and investigates its advantages, disadvantages and consequences. A literature study was conducted to develop a theoretical reference framework composed by various theories that had previously been researched. Thereafter, four different ski companies who produce alpine skis in the Nordic countries were interviewed based on an interview guide that had been developed to answer the research questions. Subsequently, the interviews were transcribed, keywords were traced, six themes were developed and studied in more detail. These themes are; the product developments phases, benefits, challenges, choice of user for the development process, choice of method for user involvement and degree of user involvement. All the companies' similarities and differences were analyzed within the six themes and conclusions were drawn under all of the themes. This study displayed that prototype testing is important for the product development process and is used by all interviewed companies. In addition to prototype testing, users could be involved in more ways and to greater extents. The interviewed companies showed similarities when users were involved in prototype testings but in retrospect, differences in choice of methods and degree of user involvement was immensely varied between the companies. All the companies felt that they involved the users as much as they thought fit and was possible for the product to develop. However, when the companies were compared to each other, it turned out that the degree of user involvement varied greatly. Parallels between the companies' success and degree of user involvement are speculated but no clear conclusions could be drawn.
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Nguyen, Dat Anh. "Customer involvement in new product development process." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-34964.
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Purpose – Evaluate the four popular communication methods to involve customers in the NPD process from customers’ perspective (In this thesis, the four chosen communication methods are: Quality Function Deployment, Prototype, Idea Generation Activities and Lead-user Involvement). Design/Methodology/Approach – This is a quantitative research which used questionnaire to collect data. The questionnaire form is distributed online to respondents. Findings – The findings show the comparison between the four communication methods. The differences are measured and analyzed using measurement system from Zaichkowsky (1985) including: Interests, Needs and Values. Research Limitations – This thesis face limitation regarding the chosen sample. In addition to that language is also one of the major obstacles. Managerial Implications – The findings provide companies with evaluation regarding option for communication method to increase customer involvement degree. Originality/Value – This research is unique in a way that the author filtered the four most popular communication methods based on reviewed articles then conducted an evaluation on these methods. The evaluation is performed based on customers’ perspective which has not been done before. This thesis provides a new perspective on how firms should look at customers’ involvement.
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Engström, Philip, and Daniel Törnblom. "Drömmen om det perfekta vapnet : – en studie i brukarförväntningar." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45180.
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Sweden’s Defence Forces are in the process of procuring a new personal firearm to replace the current Ak5 (a version of the FN FNC) which has been in service for almost 35 years. There are many opinions on this matter and a great deal of interest among the future users, ie the soldiers and officers. Our study aims to develop a deeper understanding of the user expectations for this new weapon. We are using a qualitative, inductive method with semi-structured interviews and netnography.von Hippel’s lead user concept has been the main reference for the design of this thesis, which means that we have interviewed those users who are perceived to have more to gain from a product development than other users. A lead user is often knowledgeable in his or her topic, might be leading development within the topic and it is not unusual for the lead user to have a social standing permitting him or her to influence others regarding the topic. We have also used internet forums discussing firearms to broaden the study since we know that a lot of the current discussions are occurring online and we expect this trend to continue in the near future. On top of the characteristics users want in a new weapon, some other aspects have come to light during the course of our research, these are also discussed in the thesis. Why is there an unproportionate amount of time spent on discussing firearms? Is there a greater value to a personal firearm than just its function? What role should the user perspective play in the Swedish Armed Forces? What are the consequences of the users being dissatisfied with the product? What is the role of the assault rifle in the Swedish Defence Forces and what specific purpose is it meant to fill? Is it possible to fit all purposes with one single weapon, which has been the role of the Ak5 for long periods of time. How should the Swedish Defence Forces respond to the fact that heavy body armour is issued to Russian troops? The Swedish Armed Forces has made an attempt at involving the user perspective in the process but our study should be seen as an important complement to this effort.<br>Sverige är på väg att göra en anskaffning av ett nytt eldhandvapen för att ersätta Ak5 som snart har tjänstgjort 35 år i Försvarsmakten. Det finns många åsikter bland de framtida brukarna och intresset är stort. I vår studie försöker vi få en djupare förståelse för vilka förväntningar användarna, dvs. soldaterna och officerarna, har på det nya vapnet. Metoden vi har använt är en kvalitativ, induktiv metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer och netnografi. Vi har använt oss av von Hippels lead user concept (von Hippel, 2005) , vilket innebär att vi har intervjuat de användare som av olika skäl anses ha mer att ge i en produktutveckling jämfört med andra användare. Oftast är en lead user mycket väl insatt i sitt ämne, kan driva utveckling inom ämnet och har inte sällan en social ställning som gör att hen kan påverka andra brukares åsikt i ämnet. Vi har även breddat studien med analys av nätforum som diskuterar ämnet nästa eldhandvapen, då vi menar att mycket av diskussionen pågår just online och att även mycket av diskussionen i samband med och efter införandet kommer att ske i dessa forum. Förutom en bild av vilka egenskaper användarna vill ha i det nya vapnet, så har det under studien framkommit en del andra aspekter, vilka också diskuteras i uppsatsen. Varför läggs oproportionerligt mycket tid på att diskutera just eldhandvapen? Är eldhandvapnets betydelse större än själva funktionen? Vilken roll bör brukarperspektivet ha i Försvarsmakten? Vilka är konsekvenserna om användarna är missnöjda med produkten? Vilken är automatkarbinens roll i Försvarsmakten, dvs vilken funktion skall den fylla? Går det att lösa alla våra behov med ett enhetsvapen, vilket Ak5 i perioder har varit. Hur ska Försvarsmakten lösa problemet med att Ryssland utrustar sina soldater med tunga kroppsskydd?Försvarsmakten har gjort en ansats till att omhänderta brukarperspektivet men vi menar att vår studie är ett viktigt tillskott till detta.
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Schmidt, Tobias Sebastian [Verfasser]. "Towards a Method for Agile Development in Mechatronics : A Lead User-based Analysis on How to Cope with the Constraints of Physicality / Tobias Sebastian Schmidt." Düren : Shaker, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1208599518/34.
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McCardle, Michael. "Market Foresight Capability: Determinants and New Product Outcomes." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3404.
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To achieve and maintain a superior competitive position, firms must develop market sensing capability-the ability to sense events and trends in markets ahead of competitors (Day 1994a). According to Day, in firms with superior market sensing capability, "the processes for gathering, interpreting, and using market information are more systematic, thoughtful, and anticipatory than in other firms" [emphasis added]. Although Day asserted that market orientation captures the essence of a market sensing capability, researchers have suggested that market orientation, by itself, does not provide the requisite ability to develop competitive advantage because of its focus on detecting rather than anticipating market trends. While prior research, most notably pertaining to market orientation, has addressed the detection of current market trends, a gap in our knowledge remains regarding the ability to anticipate future market conditions. This research seeks to address this lacuna by exploring a firm's market foresight capability, defined as the organizational capability that allows the firm to anticipate emerging shifts in the market before they are evident to competitors. Organizations possessing superior market foresight capability derive a multitude of benefits from having greater insight into future market conditions. These benefits include the ability to determine which future market trends warrant further exploration and exploitation, the identification of critical resources that will be needed in the future, and-of primary interest in this dissertation-the ability to develop new products that meet customer needs in the future. This research seeks to better inform managers as to the organizational characteristics that enhance the firm's ability to anticipate future markets by developing and testing a model of the antecedents and new product outcomes of a firm's market foresight capability. The constructs selected as determinants of market foresight capability are supported by dynamic capability theory, which focuses on the organization's information processes, learning culture, and coordination/integration influences that elevate lower-level capabilities of individuals and teams to an organization-level or dynamic capability. The organizational information processes that are hypothesized to positively impact market foresight capability include active scanning, market experimentation, and lead user collaboration. The impact of information processes on market foresight capability is contingent on an organization's learning culture (future orientation and learning orientation) and interdepartmental connectedness, which influence the coordination and integration of information between organizational actors. A firm's potential for long-term competitive advantage lies in using the insights resulting from its market foresight capability to create advantageous resource configurations. To create valuable resource configurations, the firm with superior market foresight capability must capitalize on its ability to anticipate change through the development of new product and service offerings that better serve the needs of customers. It is hypothesized that superior market foresight capability results in heightened new product creativity, faster speed to market, and better market-entry timing. These new product outcomes of market foresight capability are further hypothesized to lead to superior new product financial performance. Of course, firms cannot realize the hypothesized new product benefits unless they are able to capitalize on market opportunities. Therefore, the relationships between market foresight capability and new product outcomes are hypothesized to be contingent on organizational inertia.<br>Ph.D.<br>Department of Marketing<br>Business Administration<br>Business Administration: Ph.D.
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Engström, Jon. "Patient involvement and service innovation in healthcare." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kvalitetsteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-106661.
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This thesis adds to a stream of research suggesting that healthcare can be more patient centered and efficient by redefining the role of the patient from a passive receiver to a more active and collaborative participant. This may relate to healthcare provision (Anderson and Funnell, 2005; Berry and Bendapudi, 2007; Bitner and Brown, 2008; McColl-Kennedy et al., 2012; Nordgren, 2008) and innovation (Bate and Robert, 2006; Groene et al., 2009; Longtin et al., 2010). Through research initiative containing four healthcare units and 68 patients, the present thesis combines healthcare research (e.g., Anderson and Funnell, 2005; Nelson et al., 2002) with service research (e.g., Grönroos, 2006; Vargo and Lusch, 2008, 2004) to explore three aspects of patient involvement and service innovation. Firstly, the concept of patient involvement itself is investigated through an extensive literature review of empirical research on patient involvement. A model describing the antecedents, forms and consequences of patient involvement is proposed. What value is, and how patients can co-create value is discussed from the perspectives of healthcare research and service management thought. Secondly, the thesis proposes a diary-based methodology for involving patients in service innovation. My colleagues and I developed the methodology in collaboration with the participating care providers and applied it in practice. We used the experiences we gained from the project and the contributions from the patients to examine the opportunities for user involvement in service innovation. The participants contributed with ideas and insights stemming from their experiences in their contact with healthcare and other resources. We suggest the following three ways of learning from the collected data: As ideas for improvements; through summary reports to illustrate other quantitative data; and as narratives to promote change. Thirdly, the thesis explores patients’ motivations to participate in service innovation, a hitherto unexplored field. Through an analysis of patients’ contributions and interviews with participants we found that there are a number of factors that motivate patients to participate and that participation is perceived as a social- and meaningladen event. Patients derive psychological well-being and support from participation, but disease was sometimes a barrier to participation. This thesis elaborates on how the most motivated users can be involved in service innovation, applying thinking from the lead-user methodology to a healthcare setting. Overall, the thesis explores patient involvement from new perspectives and, by doing so, adds to our collective efforts to improve healthcare.<br>Denna avhandling syftar till en mer patientcentrerad och effektiv sjukvård. Den bidrar till en strömning inom forskningen som menar att sjukvården kan förbättras genom en omdefiniering av patientrollen – från en roll som passiv mottagare till aktiv, samskapande aktör. Patienten kan ses som en resurs både i utförande av vården (Anderson and Funnell, 2005; Berry and Bendapudi, 2007; Bitner and Brown, 2008; McColl-Kennedy et al., 2012; Nordgren, 2008) och inom utveckling och innovation (Bate and Robert, 2006; Groene et al., 2009; Longtin et al., 2010). Avhandlingen kombinerar sjukvårdsforskning (Anderson and Funnell, 2005; Nelson et al., 2002) med tjänsteforskning (Grönroos, 2006; Vargo and Lusch, 2008, 2004) i en forskningsansats som innefattar fyra vårdenheter och 68 patienter. Den utforskar tre aspekter av patientinvolvering och tjänsteinnovation. För det första undersöks konceptet patientinvolvering genom en omfattande litteraturöversikt av den empiriska forskningen på området. Översikten leder till en konceptuell modell för att beskriva patientinvolvering: vad dess förutsättningar är, vilka former av patientinvolvering som finns och vad patientinvolvering leder till. Avhandlingen diskuterar även begreppet värde och hur patienter kan samskapa värde, utifrån perspektiv inom vårdforskning och tjänsteforskning. För det andra föreslår avhandlingen en dagboksbaserad metod för att involvera patienter i tjänsteinnovation. Deltagande patienter skriver i denna metod ner sina ner sina idéer och upplevelser varje dag under två veckors tid. Mina kollegor och jag utvecklade metoden i samarbete med personal från de deltagande vårdenheterna och applicerade den på praktiken. Erfarenheterna från projektet och de deltagande patienternas bidrag användes för att utforska möjligheterna med patientinvolvering i utvecklingen av vården. Vi föreslår tre sätt att lära sig från det insamlade materialet: som direkta idéer till förbättringar; summerat till rapporter för att ge kvalitativ förståelse av andra kvantitativa mätningar; och enskilda patienters berättelser kan användas för att förmedla patientperspektivet i organisationen och mana till förändring. För det tredje undersöker avhandlingen patienters motivation att bidra till tjänsteinnovation, ett hittills outforskat område. Genom en analys av patienters bidrag och genom intervjuer med deltagare finner vi att patienter motiveras att delta av en rad olika anledningar, från ett behov av upprättelse till en glädje av att utföra aktiviteten. Deltagandet uppfattas som en social och meningsfull händelse. Patienter upplever psykiskt välbefinnande och stöd genom att delta, även om sjukdom kan vara ett hinder i deltagandet. Avhandlingen undersöker även hur de allra mest motiverade patienterna kan identifieras och inkluderas i tjänsteinnovation, detta inspirerat av lead user-metoden (von Hippel, 1986). Sammantaget utforskar avhandlingen patientinvolvering och tjänsteinnovation från nya perspektiv och bidrar därmed till våra gemensamma ansträngningar för att förbättra vården och patienters välbefinnande.
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Gharbi, Rim. "Le rôle des communautés virtuelles d'intérêt dans la communication et la co-création de valeur pour les innovations : le cas des énergies renouvelables." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD043.
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Ce travail aborde la question du rôle des communautés virtuelles d'intérêt dans la communication et la co-création de valeur pour les énergies renouvelables en tant qu'innovation. Malgré la multiplicité et diversité des études portant sur les communautés virtuelles, la connaissance, à la fois théorique et pratique, de la manière avec laquelle les membres de ces communautés virtuelles communiquent et co-créent de la valeur pour les innovations demeure limitée. Deux champs théoriques complémentaires ont été mobilisés, la théorie de l'acteur-réseau et la théorie du Lead user, afin de mieux comprendre comment s'effectue cette communication et co-création de valeur pour les énergies renouvelables au sein des « réseaux des communautés virtuelles » et d’élaborer un cadre d'analyse et conceptuel appropriés. Pour ce faire, trois études ont été menées. Une première étude documentaire a été réalisée pour identifier et recenser les diverses parties prenantes dans la communication et la gestion de valeurs co-créées au sein des réseaux de communautés virtuelles d'intérêt pour les énergies renouvelables. Une seconde étude à été menée sur la base de trois « réseaux des communautés virtuelles d'intérêt pour les énergies renouvelables » dans le but de montrer comment les membres-actants de ces réseaux communiquent et co-créent de la valeur pour cette innovation. Une dernière étude a été réalisée sur la base de 28 entretiens semi-directifs afin de montrer comment les diverses parties prenantes communiquent et gèrent les divers types de valeurs co-créés au sein de ces réseaux. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de conceptualiser deux processus. Un premier processus a été mis en oeuvre afin de montrer comment les membres-actants des communautés virtuelles communiquent et co-créent de la valeur au sein de ces réseaux : le « processus en ligne de communication et de co-création de valeur pour les innovations centré sur l’utilisateur ». Un second processus a été conceptualisé dans le but de mettre en oeuvre la stratégie de communication et de gestion de valeurs cocréées via ces réseaux: le « processus stratégique de communication et de gestion de valeurs co-créées pour les innovations au sein des réseaux des communautés virtuelles ». Par ailleurs,l'implication mutuelle et l'intégration des divers acteurs/actants au sein des réseaux de communautés virtuelles (à savoir les utilisateurs, le réseau en tant qu'actant, les contributions, les valeurs co-créées, ainsi que les community managers) permettent de communiquer, de diffuser, de co-créer collectivement et de redéfinir l'innovation en tant que résultat d'un système d'interactions sociotechniques, favorisant la stabilisation de cette innovation et sa mise en boîte noire<br>This work addresses the issue of the role of virtual communities of interest in the communication and the co-creation of value for renewables as an innovation. Despite the multiplicity and diversity of studies based on virtual communities, both theoretical and practical knowledge of how members of these virtual communities communicate and co-create value for innovation remains limited. In order to better understand the way of communicating, value co-creating and building an approriate analytical and conceptual framework, two complementary theoretical fields were mobilized : the actor-network theory and the lead user theory. Three studies were conducted. A primary study was conducted to identify the various stakeholders in the communication and the management of co-created value within virtual communities’networks of interest in renewables. A second study was conducted on the basis of three « networks of virtual communities of interest in renewable energies » in order to highlight how members of these networks communicate and co-create values for this innovation. A final study based on 28 interviews was conducted to understand how the various stakeholders communicate and manage diverse types of co-created values within virtual communities’networks related to renewables. Results enable to conceptualize two diverse processes. A first process was implemented to show how members of virtual communities communicate and co-create value within virtual communities’networks of interest in renewable energies: the « online user centred co-creation of value and communication of innovation process ». A second process was established in order to implement the strategy of communication and management of co-created value through virtual communities’networks of interest in innovation: the « strategic process of communication and co-creation of value to innovation management within virtual communities’networks ». Moreover, mutual involvement and integration of various actors within virtual communities’networks (such as : users, networks, contributions, co-created values and community managers) enable to communicate, to diffuse, to co-create collectively,to redefine the innovation as a result of a socio-technical system and to foster the «stabilization» of this innovation
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Neiström, Linda. "Characterisation of Used Lead-Acid Batteries for Feed Optimisation in Secondary Lead Production." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-70740.
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Used lead-acid batteries are the main raw material in secondary lead production. Technologicalprogress in the car industry, have raised concerns regarding the lead-acid battery’s leading positionas electrochemical storage system in the future. However, the lead-acid battery industry isadvancing with innovations, such as hybrid and micro-hybrid vehicles, and is believed to have acontinued important role in the rechargeable battery market. Lead is one of the most investigatedmetal due to concerns from society regarding the negative effect on human health and theenvironment. Consequently, that has led to tighter controls and regulations of the lead processingindustry which, in turn, has led to technological improvement concerning design and operation ofthe lead processing plants. Used lead-acid batteries have a complex composition with a variety ofcomponents made of lead (i.e., metallic, oxide or sulphate) and non-lead materials (plastics andelectrolyte). Traditionally, battery recycling is done without separating those components.However, to optimise the use of resources and decrease the environmental impact of secondarylead production, a pre-treatment step to the batteries recycling is desired. The pre-treatment iscomprised of breaking the batteries and separation of the battery components. The aim of the present thesis, was to study the components of a used lead-acid battery, which willbe the outgoing material of a future plastic separation plant at Boliden Bergsöe, and their effect onthe process. Furthermore, the study aimed at investigating the possibilities to adjust the feedcomposition for further process optimisation and improvement of the process quality in terms ofenergy usages and environmental impact. This was done by characterise, through qualitative andquantitative composition and mass distribution, the fractions in a used lead-acid car battery. Four lead-acid car batteries were provided for dismantling to study mass distribution, and toliberate the components for further analysis. The analytical techniques used in this study werequalitative and quantitative (Rietveld) XRD analysis, SEM-EDS and TGA. The result showed thatoverestimated amount of battery separators (PE) has been used at production planning in energyandemission calculations, which can cause financial losses due to overpaid emission tax. The pastefraction showed a large variation in mass between the studied batteries and consists mostly ofPbSO4. Large variation in the paste mass may cause uneven sulphur emission from smelter.Consequently, this reinforces the need for implementation of the separation of the battery feed fora better control of the paste addition to the smelter. When PE decomposes in the shaft furnace the remaining ash will mainly consist of silica, whichwill affect the sulphur uptake in the shaft furnace. The large content of silica leads to a lower energycontribution to the process; however, a lower content of hydrocarbons leads to lower CO2emissions. If a desulphurisation of the pastes would be implemented, it is believed to affect theprocess through a decreased need of coke and iron. A reduced usage of coke and iron would lowerthe production costs and lead to decreased CO2 emissions. A desulphurisation will also decreasethe lead sulphate content in the feed, thus lead to better control of the sulphur emissions. This study provides additional support and further insight into composition and mass distributionof the components in a lead-acid battery. Furthermore, the study indicates possible impact of thefuture separation on the new feed properties and on the subsequent processing.
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Kratzer, Jan, Christopher Lettl, Nikolaus Franke, and Peter A. Gloor. "The Social Network Position of Lead Users." Wiley, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12291.
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The field of lead user research has seen a great deal of attention from academics and practitioners alike. However, we
still lack a full understanding of the nature of users with high potential for innovation. In this paper, we employ a social
network perspective on lead users. Increasing the realism of our research in three empirical studies with different
empirical settings and methods, we provide robust evidence that lead users have a distinctive social network position:
They exhibit an unusually high level of "betweenness centrality", meaning that they are positioned as bridges between different social groups. This finding has two major implications for lead user theory. First, it consolidates seminal conceptual work on lead users and their embeddedness in social networks. And second, the findings extend and validate prior work on the social network perspective of lead users by combining theoretical insights from cognitive psychology, research on creativity, and network theory. As the social network positions of individuals can be mapped quickly and
at low cost with modern Web mining tools, our findings may point to a new and readily applicable approach for the
efficient and effective identification of lead users in real-life projects, an aspect that is usually emphasized as the most crucial activity in lead user projects. (authors' abstract)
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Zeini, Sam, and Ulrich Hoppe. "„Community Detection“ als Ansatz zur Identifikation von Innovatoren in Sozialen Netzwerken." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-142947.
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Hamdi-Kidar, Linda. "Co-création marketing de produit avec les consommateurs : quelle(s) cible(s) choisir ?" Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10064/document.
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La co-création de produits avec les consommateurs représente un axe majeur d’innovation pour les entreprises. Cependant, la question du choix de la cible à privilégier pour une co-création efficace reste en suspens. Cette recherche souhaite apporter une réponse en confrontant deux approches opposées : le crowdsourcing vs. le ciblage de certains segments de consommateurs tels que les lead-users (LU) et les emergent-nature consumers (EN). Pour répondre à cette problématique, une étude préliminaire suivie de trois études empiriques structure cette recherche. La première étude (N = 133) répond au problème d’identification des LU dans le domaine de la grande consommation en démontrant la supériorité d’une échelle de mesure face à d’autres concurrentes. La deuxième étude (N = 456) met en avant les principales motivations qui poussent les LU et les EN à co-créer et, dans le même temps, montre que ces mêmes individus sont compétents et prêts à s’engager dans des actions de co-création avec les entreprises. La troisième étude (N = 400 et N = 800), basée sur une quasi-expérimentation, révèle que le produit développé par un petit groupe de LU est globalement plus attractif que le produit développé suivant l’approche de crowdsourcing. En outre, cette dernière étude montre que les produits développés par les LU sont plus attractifs que ceux des EN. L’ensemble de ces résultats plaide en faveur du ciblage des LU pour la co-création de nouveaux produits et offre des perspectives managériales prometteuses. Enfin, ce travail doctoral apporte, de surcroît, un éclairage théorique sur le concept de co-création et ses différentes formes<br>In order to innovate, companies are increasingly relying on product co-creation with consumers. However, choosing the right target for an effective co-creation remains an unresolved issue. In this research, two contrasting approaches are compared: crowdsourcing vs. targeting specific consumers such as lead-users (LU) and emergent-nature consumers (EN). To address this problem, a preliminary study was conducted, followed by three empirical studies. The first study (N = 133) focuses on the identification of LU in the domain of consumer goods and highlights the superiority of one measurement scale among others. The second study (N = 456) throws light on the main motivations that drive LU and EN to co-create and, at the same time, shows that these two targets are competent and willing to engage in co-creation activities with firms. Based on a quasi-experimentation, the third study (N = 400 and N = 800), reveals that the products developed by a small group of LU are generally more attractive than the products developed using crowdsourcing. In addition, this final study shows that the products developed by LU are more attractive than those developed by EN. All of these results suggest that companies should target LU for the co-creation of their new products and, offer promising managerial perspectives. Finally, this doctoral work provides new theoretical insights on the concept of co-creation and its various forms
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Simões, Sandra Isabel Fernandes. "Lead users, inovação e BTT: um estudo netnográfico." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/9922.
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Mestrado em Gestão<br>A era da informação e do conhecimento, associada aos desenvolvimentos
tecnológicos, revolução da internet e disseminação das comunidades Online
trouxeram um conjunto de novos desafios ao tecido empresarial. Os
consumidores, cada vez mais exigentes, sofisticados e interventivos passaram
a ser reconhecidos como elementos integrantes da cadeia de inovação,
constituindo-se como motores centrais de um mercado em permanente
mutação.
A participação massiva em comunidades Online despoletou a emergência de
pools de conhecimento e informação, derivadas de interações permanentes e
geradoras de inovação coletiva e passa-palavra, afetando a dinâmica
empresarial. Procurando canalizar estes recursos, importa incorporar
mecanismos facilitadores do acesso, gestão e integração das fontes externas
na moldura empresarial, incentivando o desenvolvimento de ferramentas de
crowdsourcing.
As comunidades Online agregam pessoas em torno de áreas de interesse
comuns, podendo contemplar interações Online e Offline e motivando a
partilha espontânea e a resolução conjunta de necessidades. Neste contexto,
destaca-se um conjunto de consumidores que, pelas suas caraterísticas
específicas, representam uma minoria capaz de antecipar necessidades e
desenvolver soluções que respondem às futuras expetativas do mercado.
Estes consumidores-inovadores ou Lead Users são valiosos para as
empresas, pois têm uma perspetiva enquanto consumidores, conseguindo ver
para além das equipas de investigação e desenvolvimento.
Sendo consumidores especiais e entendidos enquanto tal, gozam de
credibilidade junto dos seus pares, desempenhando um papel de influência e
mobilização das comunidades em que se inserem. Quando em contextos
Online, a sua influência ganha expressão exponencial, orientando o rumo e
motivando a partilha e interação. As comunidades do tipo hobbies tendem no
sentido de uma maior motivação intrínseca, gerando maior partilha.
Considerando o novo paradigma, e procurando reforçar a importância das
comunidades Online enquanto fontes de conhecimento e inovação, a
netnografia emerge como metodologia que permite aceder a este recurso
valioso. É neste contexto que se organiza a presente investigação, tendo como
objeto de estudo empírico o Fórum BTT e confirmando a importância das
comunidades Online enquanto espaços de partilha e interação, nos quais os
Lead Users geram ciclos de inovação entre consumidores.<br>The information and knowledge age coupled with technological developments,
the Internet revolution and disseminating online communities have brought a
new set of challenges to business and industry. Consumers who are more and
more demanding, sophisticated and interventionalist have been recognized as
integral elements of the innovation chain, constituting themselves as central
engines of a constantly changing market.
The massive participation in online communities triggered the emergence of
pools of knowledge and information derived from constant interactions that
generate collective innovation and word spreading, affecting the business
dynamics. Looking for channeling these resources, it is important to incorporate
mechanisms to facilitate the access, management and integration of external
sources in the frame business, encouraging the development of tools for
crowdsourcing.
Online communities aggregate people around areas of common interest and
may include interaction Online and Offline, motivating spontaneous sharing and
collective solution of needs. In this context, there is a set of consumers who,
due to their specific characteristics, represent a minority able to anticipate
needs and develop solutions that respond to future market expectations. These
innovative consumers or Lead Users are extremely valuable to companies as
they have a perspective as consumers, able to see beyond the research and
development teams.
Being special consumers and recognized as such, they enjoy credibility among
their peers and play an important role by influencing and mobilizing the
communities in which they operate. When in Online contexts, their influence
wins exponential expression, directing and motivating towards sharing and
interaction. Communities like hobbies tend towards a greater intrinsic
motivation, leading to greater sharing.
Given the new paradigm and seeking to enhance the importance of Online
communities as sources of knowledge and innovation, netnography emerges
as a methodology that allows access to this valuable resource. It is in this
context that this research is organized, having as object of empirical study the
MTB Forum and confirming the importance of Online communities as spaces
for sharing and interaction, in which the Lead Users generate innovation cycles
among consumers.
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Ebel, Philipp, Ulrich Bretschneider, and Jan Marco Leimeister. "Erarbeitung eines Workshopdesigns zur weiteren Ausarbeitung der Ergebnisse einer virtuellen Ideencommunity." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-100995.
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Obwohl virtuelle Ideencommunities (VIC) ein erfolgreiches Mittel zur Externalisierung von Kundenwissen darstellen, ist der Ausarbeitungsgrad der erzeugten Ideen oftmals zu gering, was zu einer verschlechterten Adaptierbarkeit der Ideen führt. Aus diesem Grund wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit ein Workshopdesign theoretisch entwickelt, welches zur gemeinschaftlichen Ausarbeitung und Strukturierung von Ideen, die in VICs erzeugt wurden, verwendet werden kann. Zur Erarbeitung des neuen Designs wird auf die Prinzipien des Collaboration Engineering zurückgegriffen, mit Hilfe dessen sich kollaborative Aufgaben systematisch analysieren und Gestaltungsempfehlungen für deren Design ableiten lassen. Als Resultat entsteht ein neues Workshopdesign, welches mit Hilfe einer detaillierten Agenda dargestellt wird. Damit liegt ein Konzept zur nahtlosen Erweiterung der, aus einer VIC resultierenden, Zusammenarbeit zwischen Kunden und Unternehmen im Rahmen des Open Innovation vor.
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Al-Zu’b, Zu’bi Mohammad. "Suppliers versus lead users : examining collaboration in mass customisation." Thesis, Durham University, 2008. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2510/.
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Mass customisation has been hailed as the manufacturing paradigm of the future, and has accordingly received much academic interest. Nevertheless, it is important to gain a better understanding of the ways in which mass customisation performance may be enhanced, in the light of the number of reported failures of mass customisation ventures. This thesis explores the use of collaboration in product development processes as a means of increasing mass customisation operational performance. The two collaborative partners of interest are suppliers and lead users ― a specialised subset of users. The effects of lead users in the product development processes of mass customisation have not previously been evaluated, nor has their value been compared to that of suppliers. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to investigate the relative effects of collaborating with suppliers and lead users in the product development processes on mass customisation. This is achieved by measuring mass customisation operational performance in terms of four attributes derived from the literature: development cost, development time, customer influence and product scope. Hierachical regression analysis of survey data collected from two hundred and fifty-one UK consumer products manufacturers revealed a significant positive relationship between lead user collaboration and all four mass customisation operational performance attributes, while supplier collaboration was found to positively affect three of the four attributes, with the exception of customer influence. In addition, analysis revealed that lead user collaboration had a greater effect on the operational performance than supplier collaboration. These results give a valuable indication to scholars as well as manufacturers of the importance of lead users in the product development processes of mass customisation.
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Zeini, Sam, and Ulrich Hoppe. "„Community Detection“ als Ansatz zur Identifikation von Innovatoren in Sozialen Netzwerken." Technische Universität Dresden, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28027.
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Grama, Cristian. "Adapting Lean User Experience Process for Enterprise Environment." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191491.
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Internal enterprise simulation-based software tools are complex to use. Complexity can be reduced by designing for good user experience (UX), making the interface user-friendly and more efficient for employees. However, designing UX in an innovation project is tricky. This study applied Lean UX – a user-driven process elaborated by Gothelf. The process was adapted to fit the development case of an internal simulation-based software sales-tool at Ericsson. The results of the study describe how the process was adapted and what the challenges of it were. One challenge of the study was the advanced engineering level of this particular project. A second challenge was the complex organizational structure and its users. A third challenge was the management’s limited understanding of what UX stands for. Therefore, the study concludes that even though it is challenging, the Lean UX process can be adapted for enterprise environment. Whilst the process itself was only slightly adapted, the way the process is applied takes many efforts. The challenges are further discussed from the perspective of Nielsen’s Corporate UX maturity model.
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Ahmed, Ibrahim El-Demery Noha. "Asset seeking foreign direct investment : the role of lead users." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA111004/document.
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La littérature de l’IDE à la recherche d’actifs ignore le rôle des utilisateurs à l’avantgardedu marché («lead users»). La thèse, à travers deux modèles de théorie des jeux,montre l’impact des «lead users» sur l’arbitrage entre l’IDE et l’exportation. Touteschoses égales par ailleurs, selon le 1er modèle, l’IDE est plus profitable dans uneinnovation poussée par l’offre, pour apprendre sur les besoins avancés des «lead users»,mais plus élevé est le risque de spécification erronée du produit par rapport aux besoinslocaux. La probabilité de spécification erronée augmente avec la radicalité de latechnologie et la différence entre l’environnement d’usage des deux pays. Selon le 2èmemodèle, le «lead user» révélant son innovation attire l’IDE en augmentant laconnaissance tacite incorporée dans l’innovation. Pour pousser l’investisseur àdévelopper l’innovation, le «lead user» maximise la généralité de l’innovation et sacomposante tacite. Si la multinationale a un niveau élevé d’actifs spécifiques, unarrangement l’avantagera par rapport à ses concurrents potentiels. Pour un équilibre dePareto, l’investisseur maximise l’amélioration qu’il apporte à l’innovation et privilégiele «lead user» par rapport aux autres utilisateurs. En Egypte, des obstacles interviennententre la volonté d’adopter la technologie de l’information et de la communication (TIC)et son adoption effective. Des filiales intégrées dans les réseaux d’innovation locauxcontribuent à la réduction de la fracture numérique liée à l’usage. Les entretiens avec lesresponsables du gouvernement électronique montrent que le gouvernement voulantdiffuser les TICs peut devenir un «lead user» innovateur<br>Literature on asset seeking foreign direct investment (FDI) ignores the role of the hostcountry’s lead users. The thesis through two game theoretic models shows the impact oflead users on FDI decision versus exports. All other things equal, the 1st model proposesthat, FDI is more profitable in a technology push innovation, in order to learn about leadusers’ advanced needs, the higher the risk of product misspecification relative to localneeds. The probability of misspecification increases in the radicalness of the technologyand in the difference in the use environment between the two countries. The 2nd modelstudies the impact of lead users’ innovation. All other things equal, lead users whoreveal their innovation attract FDI, the higher the tacit knowledge incorporated in theirinnovation. To push the foreign investor to develop their innovation, lead users shallmaximize its generality and its tacit component. If the multinational has high firmspecificassets, then an arrangement to privilege the foreign investor relative to hispotential competitors would arise. To have a Pareto optimum equilibrium, the foreigninvestor shall maximize the improvements he brings to lead users’ innovation and shallprivilege lead users relative to other users. The thesis observes Egyptian informationand communication technology sector (ICT). There are obstacles interfering betweenthe adoption decision and actual adoption. Integrated subsidiaries within localinnovation networks can play a role in reducing the digital divide related to usage.Interviews with electronic government’s executives show that the government in orderto diffuse ICT may become an innovator lead user
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Macotela, Carla. "EXPLORATION OF DIGITAL FEATURES FOR THE SOCIAL INTEGRATION OF IMMIGRANTS IN SWEDEN: A PARTICIPATORY DESIGN STUDY." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20047.
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This thesis looks to explore from a user-centered standpoint, which mobile application features are relevant in the social integration of new arrivals in Sweden. Mobiles are used by individuals who are moving away from home not only to stay connected to their close ones but also as a way for empowerment and adaption in their new homes. Access to information helps immigrants to face the new challenges new host societies present. Nowadays mobiles and more specifically smartphones are becoming the principal sources for new arrivals to obtain information. As mobiles become more common among immigration groups, governments and institutions are turning to them as new ways for addressing migration challenges such as integration. This thesis, through a participatory design study, explores possible mobile digital application features that could be relevant in the social integration of immigrants. The goal is to develop through a cooperative and co-design method a prototype of a mobile application that can fit better with the necessities of new arrivals and can also facilitate better ways for social integration. As a result, it could be determinate that features that provide users the ability to gather information from one source are the most important for immigrants. Additionally, users want to be able to have control over the information they are receiving according to what phase they are at the integration process. Also, digital features seem not to be enough and digital and offline cooperation are suggested. In the process, participants provided innovative ways on how integration challenges can be addressed.
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Messmer, Nancy Eileen. "Technology lead teachers : professional development for computer use in schools /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7795.
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Karbalaie, Sadegh Mahdieh, and Christos Babouris. "The Impact of Lead Users on Knowledge Integration : A case study of an innovation project in a software company." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129574.
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This thesis focuses on contribution of users in innovation activities. Through the case analysis of a mid-small sized tech company specialized in technology testing, we study one of the main innovative projects, undertaken for a client. Employing interviews and questionnaires throughout our research, we identify characteristics of client-users who contribute substantially in the ideation development and testing of the new innovation. The company deviating from their routinized testing activities, integrate the knowledge generated by those users in a particular way. We observe, analyze and make a critique upon those knowledge integration strategies, implemented by the company at this stage. The study highlights how the firm responds to the stimulus of those users involvement, aiming to give an interpretation of the phenomenon.
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Aḥmad, Jamīl. "Octane requirement increase arising for the use of lead free petrol." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253726.
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Ahmad, Jamil. "Octane requirement increase arising from the use of lead free fuel." Thesis, Aston University, 1989. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9796/.
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Lead in petrol has been identified as a health hazard and attempts are being made to create a lead-free atmosphere. Through an intensive study a review is made of the various options available to the automobile and petroleum industry. The economic and atmospheric penalties coupled with automobile fuel consumption trends are calculated and presented in both graphical and tabulated form. Experimental measurements of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions are also presented for certain selected fuels. Reduction in CO and HC's with the employment of a three-way catalyst is also discussed. All tests were carried out on a Fiat 127A engine at wide open throttle and standard timing setting. A Froude dynamometer was used to vary engine speed. With the introduction of lead-free petrol, interest in combustion chamber deposits in spark ignition engines has ben renewed. These deposits cause octane requirement increase or rise in engine knock and decreased volumetric efficiency. The detrimental effect of the deposits has been attributed to the physical volume of the deposit and to changes in heat transfer. This study attempts to assess why leaded deposits, though often greater in mass and volume, yield relatively lower ORI when compared to lead-free deposits under identical operating conditions. This has been carried out by identifying the differences in the physical nature of the deposit and then through measurement of the thermal conductivity and permeability of the deposits. The measured thermal conductivity results are later used in a mathematical model to determine heat transfer rates and temperature variation across the engine wall and deposit. For the model, the walls of the combustion cylinder and top are assumed to be free of engine deposit, the major deposit being on the piston head. Seven different heat transfer equations are formulated describing heat flow at each part of the four stroke cycle, and the variation of cylinder wall area exposed to gas mixture is accounted for. The heat transfer equations are solved using numerical methods and temperature variations across the wall identified. Though the calculations have been carried out for one particular moment in the cycle, similar calculations are possible for every degree of the crank angle, and thus further information regarding location of maximum temperatures at every degree of the crank angle may also be determined. In conclusion, thermal conductivity values of leaded and lead-free deposits have been found. The fundamental concepts of a mathematical model with great potential have been formulated and it is hoped that with future work it may be used in a simulation for different engine construction materials and motor fuels, leading to better design of future prototype engines.
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Schooley, Therese Nowak. "Historical Use of Lead Arsenate and Survey of Soil Residues in Former Apple Orchards in Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33674.
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Inorganic pesticides including natural chemicals such as arsenic, copper, lead, and sulfur have been used extensively to control pests in agriculture. Lead arsenate (PbHAsO4) was first used in apple orchards in the late 1890's to combat the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus). The affordable and persistent pesticide was applied in ever increasing amounts for the next half century. The persistence in the environment in addition to the heavy applications during the early 1900's may have led to many of the current and former orchards in this country being contaminated. In this study, soil samples were taken from several apple orchards across the state, ranging from Southwest to Northern Virginia and were analyzed for arsenic and lead. Based on naturally occurring background levels and standards set by other states, two orchards sampled in this study were found to have very high levels of arsenic and lead in the soil, Snead Farm and Mint Spring Recreational Park. Average arsenic levels at Mint Spring Recreational Park and Snead Farm were found to be 65.2 ppm and 107.6 ppm, respectively. Average lead levels were found to be 354.5 ppm and 442.3 ppm, respectively. Based on these results, Virginia needs to look at setting standards for lead and arsenic in soil to determine if cleanup of former agricultural lands will be necessary.<br>Master of Science
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Juvale, Darshana P. "An analysis of factors that lead WebCT users to either increase or decrease the use of WebCT GOLD at Iowa State University." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Savory, Clive. "User-led Innovation in the UK National Health Service." Thesis, Open University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518175.
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BASTOS, GLAUDSON MOSQUEIRA. "TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION: CONTRIBUTIONS OF METROLOGY AND USER-LED INNOVATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35471@1.
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A dissertação de mestrado desenvolve-se em sintonia com as prioridades do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Metrologia para Qualidade e Inovação da PUC-Rio, inserindo-se na sua linha de pesquisa Negócios, Inovação e Metrologia. Dois são os objetivos do presente trabalho: (i) identificar os mecanismos de contribuição da metrologia ao processo de inovação e (ii) caracterizar o papel do usuário beneficiário da inovação nesse processo. A metodologia empregada compreende uma revisão da literatura especializada sobre os temas da pesquisa e o desenvolvimento de um estudo de caso na indústria metro-ferroviária brasileira. A amostra intencional é constituída por profissionais de PeD de algumas das principais concessionárias brasileiras de transporte ferroviário de cargas e de passageiros. O trabalho se desenvolve no contexto do papel crescente da inovação tecnológica como estratégia para competitividade empresarial e inserção externa das empresas brasileiras, um dos pilares da Política Industrial Tecnológica e de Comércio Exterior (PITCE) e de sua sucedânea Política de Desenvolvimento Produtivo (PDP) lançada em maio de 2008. Em seus resultados, o trabalho analisa, em um primeiro momento, (i) o tipo de inovação promovida na indústria metro-ferroviária e (ii) a conformidade dos projetos inovadores nesta indústria com as normas emanadas do Comitê Brasileiro de Normalização ABNT/CB-06 - Metroferroviário da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT), para então avaliar (iii) o papel da metrologia e dos usuários no processo da inovação tecnológica propriamente dita. As conclusões destacam que a indústria metro-ferroviária no Brasil adota um viés conservador na seleção de projetos de inovação e que a prática da inovação induzida por usuários ainda não se encontra plenamente difundida, em que pese o elevado nível de acesso dos usuários ás especificações de projeto e desenvolvimento de produto. Outrossim,
o trabalho permitiu concluir que, no caso da indústria metro-ferroviária, as normas técnicas e regulamentos técnicos impulsionam e orientam o processo de inovação.<br>The subject of the master s dissertation reflects the priorities of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro s Graduate Program in Metrology for Quality and Innovation, particularly its research line Business, Innovation and Metrology. The research has two objectives: (i) to identify the mechanisms through which
metrology contribute to innovation and (ii) to characterize the role of innovationbenefited users in the very innovation process. The methodology employed comprises a literature review of the topic and development of a case study in the Brazilian subway-railway transportation and equipment industry. An intentional
sample was formed by R and D professionals of the major passenger and freight railway Brazilian concessionaire firms. The work is developed in the context of the growing role of innovation as a strategic component of business competitiveness and of innovation as one of the pillars of the country s Foreign Trade and Industrial and Technology Policy (PITCE), and its successor Productive Development
Policy (PDP), launched in May 2008. The research project results analyze: (i) the type of innovation encouraged by the subway-railway industry and (ii) the conformity of innovative projects in the industry with norms issued by the National Standards Committee ABNT/CB-06 - Subway-railway of the Brazilian Technical Standards Association (ABNT), and then (iii) assesses the role of metrology and of innovation users in the very innovation process. The conclusions highlight that the subway-railway industry adopts a conservative approach in the selection of innovation projects and that the practice of user- induced innovation is not yet fully diffused, in spite of the high level of user access to project and product development specifications. Furthermore, the work allowed us to conclude that, in the case of the subway-railway industry, technical norms and regulations promote and orient the innovation process.
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Rust, Nico. "The use and performance of recycling polypropylene in lead-acid battery cases." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/269.
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Polypropylene has proven to be the ideal material for the outer shell of the lead acid batteries. Due to its mold-ability and inert properties the material provides a capsule for the functioning components of the lead acid battery and can withstand a variety conditions encountered during its application, such as impact shock resistance, high and low temperatures and acid resistance. Polypropylene has however become of great concern with regards to environmental pollution since it is generally resistant to normal conditions of degradation and can only be properly disposed of by incineration. This factor has encouraged the industry to find ways to regenerate spent polypropylene. A good example of such a process is the recycling of lead acid batteries. This allows not only for the regeneration of lead, but also for the recycling of polypropylene in the manufacturing of battery cases. There are some cost advantages in using recycled polypropylene. However it does have its disadvantages in that the material does start to deteriorate after multiple processes. A common practice amongst battery manufacturers is to add virgin polypropylene to the recycled material in order to ensure performance consistency. The comparative study investigated the use of various ratios of virgin and recycled PP in the manufacturing of lead acid battery cases and their influence on the physical properties and performance of the final material. The degradation of PP was also investigated as the material was subjected to multiple manufacturing processes where the influence of stabilizers was further considered. A common technique of PP analysis such as MFI was shown to be an effective technique to maintain good quality control. The study further showed that it is important that the material grade of PP used in the manufacturing of the battery case and lid is compatible in order to allow for effective heating sealing of the two components. Polypropylene has a waxy surface finish and it is generally difficult to label or write on. Labels tend to fall off in application and make it difficult to maintain a track record of the manufactured batteries with time. This study showed successfully that a laser activated dye can be added to the PP without influencing its color or its performance. This allows for successful labeling of battery cases by various bar coding writers that can trace the battery through its manufacturing process. Lead acid batteries are often operated outside the specified temperature range that is determined by battery manufacturers resulting in premature failure. These failures can occur within the warranty period of the battery and result in illicit claims since the monitoring of the batteries in its application was not possible. A suitable temperature monitoring device was designed that would be incorporated into the vent cap or lid of the battery case. The device contained temperature sensitive indicators that would undergo a permanent color change at specified temperatures thereby giving the battery manufacturer an indication as to the maximum temperature the battery was exposed to.