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Gudkova, N. "The psychology of learning a foreign language." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13057.
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Smith, Tamarah. "Factors Related to Undergraduate Psychology Majors Learning Statistics." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/216603.
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Educational Psychology<br>Ph.D.<br>Factors Related to Undergraduate Psychology Majors Learning Statistics Tamarah Faye Smith Doctor of Philosophy: Educational Psychology Major Advisor: Dr. Frank Farley The American Psychological Association (APA) has outlined goals for psychology undergraduates. These goals are aimed at several objectives including the need to build skills for interpreting and conducting psychological research (APA, 2007). These skills allow psychologists to conduct research that is covered in the media (Farley et al. 2009) and influences policy and law (Fischer, Stein & Heikkinen, 2009; Steinberg, Cauffman, Woolard, Graham & Banich, 2009a; Steinberg, Cauffman, Woolard, Graham & Banich, 2009b). One of the fundamental courses required for building these skills is statistics, a course that begins at the undergraduate level. Research has suggested that performance after completing statistics courses is weak for many students (Garfield, 2003; Hirsch & O'Donnell, 2001; Konold et al. 1993; Mulhern & Wylie, 2005; Schau & Mattern, 1997). The current study examined factors that may be related to performance on a statistical test. A sample of 231 students enrolled in or having already completed a statistics course for psychology majors completed a statistical skill questionnaire, built by the author, to measure performance with four APA outlined goals. To measure student attitudes the Survey of Attitudes Toward Statistics (SATS-36; Schau, 2003) was completed with adapted questions to measure perceived attitudes of peers and faculty toward statistics. Finally, questions pertaining to classroom techniques and content areas covered were assessed. Building off of social cognitive theory (SCT; Bandura, 1986) and expectancy-value theory (Eccles & Wigfield, 2002), it was expected that lower attitudes, such as low value and low interest, among the students and those perceived to be held by faculty and peers would be related to lower performance on the statistical test. A series of linear regressions were conducted and revealed no significant relationship between perceived faculty attitudes and performance. Students' own liking and positive affect ratings were positive predictors of performance indicating a gain of 3-4% on the statistical test. However, an interesting negative relationship emerged with respect to students' value of statistics and peer interest scores where performance on the statistical test decreased as value and peer interest increased. This may be demonstrating issues pertaining to the SATS-36 validity when measuring students' value as well as issues with the items created to measure perceived peer interest. The results of a factor analysis on perceived attitude measures for peers and faculty suggest that the need for more items is necessary, particularly for faculty attitudes. Finally, this study provides a first look at the performance of a sample of psychology students with APA goals for quantitative reasoning. Results showed that students performed best at reading basic descriptive statistics (M=74.5%), and worst when choosing statistical tests for a given research hypothesis (M=30%). Performance on questions pertaining to confidence intervals (M=38%) and discriminating between statistical and practical significance (M=39%) was also low. Future research can address limitations of this study by expanding the sample to include a broader range of psychology undergraduates and including additional items for measuring perceived attitudes. Other methodological approaches, such as experimental design and directly measuring faculty attitudes, should also be considered. Finally, further research and replication are necessary to determine if scores on the statistical test will continue to be low with other samples and varying question formats. These results can then be used to generate conversation about why and how students are, or are not, learning the appropriate quantitative skills.<br>Temple University--Theses
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O'Donohue, Michael G. "The teaching and learning of statistics in psychology." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286861.
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Stachenfeld, Kimberly. "Learning Neural Representations that Support Efficient Reinforcement Learning." Thesis, Princeton University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10824319.
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<p>RL has been transformative for neuroscience by providing a normative anchor for interpreting neural and behavioral data. End-to-end RL methods have scored impressive victories with minimal compromises in autonomy, hand-engineering, and generality. The cost of this minimalism in practice is that model-free RL methods are slow to learn and generalize poorly. Humans and animals exhibit substantially improved flexibility and generalize learned information rapidly to new environment by learning invariants of the environment and features of the environment that support fast learning rapid transfer in new environments. An important question for both neuroscience and machine learning is what kind of ``representational objectives'' encourage humans and other animals to encode structure about the world. This can be formalized as ``representation feature learning,'' in which the animal or agent learns to form representations with information potentially relevant to the downstream RL process. We will overview different representational objectives that have received attention in neuroscience and in machine learning. The focus of this overview will be to first highlight conditions under which these seemingly unrelated objectives are actually mathematically equivalent. We will use this to motivate a breakdown of properties of different learned representations that are meaningfully different and can be used to inform contrasting hypotheses for neuroscience. We then use this perspective to motivate our model of the hippocampus. A cognitive map has long been the dominant metaphor for hippocampal function, embracing the idea that place cells encode a geometric representation of space. However, evidence for predictive coding, reward sensitivity, and policy dependence in place cells suggests that the representation is not purely spatial. We approach the problem of understanding hippocampal representations from a reinforcement learning perspective, focusing on what kind of spatial representation is most useful for maximizing future reward. We show that the answer takes the form of a predictive representation. This representation captures many aspects of place cell responses that fall outside the traditional view of a cognitive map. We go on to argue that entorhinal grid cells encode a low-dimensional basis set for the predictive representation, useful for suppressing noise in predictions and extracting multiscale structure for hierarchical planning.
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Dickerhoof, Alison M. "Associative Learning versus Rule-Learning: A Computer Model of Pattern Phrasing Effects." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1335706258.
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Stratton, Nick. "Analytical psychology and learning theory towards the development of a unified model of learning." Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517284.
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Balleine, Bernard Walter. "Incentive learning." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240892.
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Griffin, Gerard Francis. "Aspects of the psychology of second language vocabulary list learning." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1992. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36070/.
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The learning of second language vocabulary in lists of word-pairs is a widespread practice despite the disapproval of many in the second language learning domain. There is an acknowledged mismatch between psychological theories on the one hand and techniques of vocabulary learning on the other. Psychology does not address the relevant issues directly and second language learning practice is often atheoretical and unprincipled. This thesis reviews aspects of psychology which appear to be relevant to second language vocabulary learning and their applicability. A series of experiments is conducted with comprehensive school students learning French, aged 11-13. The first part of the study deals with the presentation of vocabulary items to be learned. Presenting items in the order First Language - Second Language is the more versatile form of presentation if both generation and comprehension are required on the part of the learner. The transferability of list learning to testing in a sentential context depends on the ability of the learner and the task involved. Higher-ability list learners are inhibited in a generation task but not in a comprehension task; the opposite is true for lower-ability learners. Learning in a context improves the performance of higher-ability learners in generation but makes little difference to lower-ability learners. An explanation is suggested in terms of transfer-appropriate processing. The position of items in the list is not a reliable indicator of learnability. Primacy, recency, and serial effects may be obtained but none of them is consistent. The same conclusion applies to different ways of presenting wordpairs. The second part of the study examines aspects of word learnability. Objective word frequency is not a reliable indicator of learnability in this context. Word category and the presence of an English word embedded in a French word are promising indicators of leamability.
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Liew, Kong Meng. "Applications of Machine Learning in Exploratory Approaches to Cultural Psychology." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263732.
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京都大学<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(人間・環境学)<br>甲第23271号<br>人博第986号<br>京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻<br>(主査)教授 内田 由紀子, 教授 齋木 潤, 教授 月浦 崇<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当<br>Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies<br>Kyoto University<br>DGAM
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Hawkins, P. "Living the learning : An exploration of learning processes in primary learning communities and the development of a learning perspective to inform team development." Thesis, University of Bath, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376325.
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Jägerskog, Ann-Sofie. "Pictures and a Thousand Words : Learning Psychology through Visual Illustrations and Testing." Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-124302.
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For teachers and students to be able to make informed decisions about how to best improve learning, it is important to compare learning strategies that are known to be effective. Both multimedia learning, based on the notion that individuals learn better from words and pictures presented together than from words alone, and retrieval practice, based on the idea that retrieving knowledge from the memory is an active process that has a beneficial impact on learning, have been found robust learning strategies in earlier research. However, the two strategies remain to be investigated in combination. The combination of the two seemingly robust strategies was investigated in Study I and results showed a modest effect of retrieval practice in terms of decreased forgetting and a strong effect of multimedia learning. Retrieval practice did not improve memory performance beyond the beneficial effect of using a visual illustration. Study II investigated the beneficial effects of the use of visual illustrations in more detail in terms of preferred learning style (visual, verbal or mixed), a notion that has reached wide popular ac- ceptance within the educational field. Support was not found for the learning styles hypothesis. Rather, results showed that the positive effects of learning with the aid of a visual illustration holds independently of preferred learning style, which renders strong support for multimedia learning in terms of its generalizability. Most interestingly, students with mixed or visual learning styles performed generally better on the learning test than students with a verbal learning style, which may imply that it is worthwhile to help students develop a preference for visual or multimodal aspects of information pro- cessing in order to further improve learning. The findings presented in this thesis provide new knowledge regarding the combination of learning strate- gies and contribute with important insights into the relation between learning style and the use of visual illustrations in psychology teaching. The findings also pose challenges for students and teachers, as well as people designing learning materials, concerning how to approach the use of visual illustrations and retrieval practice in teaching and learning.
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Leung, Kit Hang. "Reflective learning in a Continuing Medical Education e-learning context." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32613.
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Abstract The lack of a practical operational definition of "reflective learning" suitable for characterizing observations of performance is widely acknowledged. This definition is needed for observing and documenting reflective practice in research, education, and continuing professional development. The current exploratory research aims to operationalize "reflective learning" using a conceptual framework based on a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, and to validate this framework in the context of a medium-large scale study of brief self-directed e-learning activities in continuing medical education. Properties of reflective learning were identified in a literature review on reflective learning and higher order thinking. These properties were structured and represented in a conceptual framework, herein called the Reflective Learning Framework. Then, this framework was revised, and a related coding scheme was tested in a pilot study. The revised framework was validated in a qualitative multiple case study that involved 473 family physicians participating in writing comments and interviews. The written comments resulted in 1,776 comment cases, and 253 interview cases. A comment case was defined as one family physician reading, rating, and commenting on one research-based synopsis online. An interview case was defined as one family physician reading and rating a synopsis online, and then explaining the rationale of his/her rating. Using thematic analysis and the framework-related coding scheme, cognitive tasks observed in these cases were categorized. Then, using cross case analysis, frequency counts of each category in all cases were compared in matrices.<br>Résumé L'absence d'une définition opérationnelle de l'apprentissage réflexif est habituellement reconnue. Cette définition est nécessaire pour observer et documenter la pratique réflexive en recherche, en éducation et en développement professionnel continu. La présente recherche explicative vise à opérationnaliser l'apprentissage réflexif avec un cadre conceptuel et à valider ce cadre dans le contexte des activités de formation en ligne en éducation médicale continue (e-learning). Une revue de la littérature sur l'apprentissage réflexif et le « higher order thinking » a permis d'identifier les caractéristiques de l'apprentissage réflexif. Ces caractéristiques ont été organisées et représentées dans un cadre conceptuel (Reflective Learning Framework). Ce cadre conceptuel et la grille de codage correspondante ont été révisés lors d'une étude pilote. Le cadre conceptuel révisé a ensuite été validé par une étude qualitative de cas multiples qui incluait des cas « commentaires » fournis par 473 médecins de famille, et des cas « entrevues » fournis par 40 médecins de famille et six médecins spécialistes. Concernant les commentaires, un cas est défini comme étant un médecin de famille qui lit, évalue et commente, sur Internet, un synopsis d'article de recherche. Concernant les entrevues, un cas est défini comme étant un médecin de famille qui lit et évalue un synopsis sur Internet, et qui explique la logique sur laquelle repose son évaluation. Les commentaires écrits ont contribué à 1.776 cas « commentaires », et les transcriptions d'entrevues à 253 cas. Une analyse thématique fondée sur le cadre conceptuel et$
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Soots, Lynn M. "The educator's portrayal of learning transformations in a positive psychology adult learning course room| A qualitative study." Thesis, Capella University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3700863.
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<p> As a relatively new field of psychology, positive psychology generates momentum to enlighten a reciprocating view of human nature, to look at human potential as opposed to human shortfalls. In the course of building the field and theoretical foundations, courses and programs in adult learning environments have been established to educate students. Quantitative measures of formative and summative evaluation evaluate one type of learning. Given the idea stemming from Aristotle philosophies that noted education as part of meaning in life (as cited in Curren, 2010), the established theoretical view that meaning itself is created by an individual and sets a path for a more flourishing life. Thus, by creating meaning from integrating established knowledge and new knowledge, the transformation processes takes place. For the reason that these types of transformations cannot be quantifiably measured, a collective case study was used to support the theoretical foundations for the presented research. The presented research paper reflects the critical element of data collection and interpretation. The research study details the qualitative dissertation exploration of the research question: How do educators teaching Positive Psychology in the adult learning environment describe students’ personal transformations in response to the curriculum? The specific research investigation was to explore the perceptions of the presiding educators and to realize their portrayals of the learning transformations in the positive Psychology adult learning environment. After addressing inclusive criteria for a bounded unit, data were collected from seven presiding educators of the adult learning positive psychology environment. Additionally, the participant wrote reflective narratives to deepen and widen the perspective of the study. The interviews consisted of conversational open-ended questions, and the narrative was a free-writing exercise to purposely unburden participants from parameters. From the data collected, a code list was generated and then categorized into themes through a constant comparison of similar of codes from within and between individual participant cases. The themes represented generated patterns across data that created a description the phenomenon associated with the research question. As a result of the findings, implications of usefulness and recommendations for further studies were discussed.</p>
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Sowden, Paul Timothy. "On perceptual learning." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/771375/.
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A fundamental concern in Psychology is the extent to which we learn to perceive our world and, further, the degree to which perception remains modif"Iable even in adulthood. Yet despite the significance of these concerns, perceptual learning has been somewhat sporadically studied, and often only at a phenomenal level. This thesis proposes a new theoretical framework for perceptual learning, and argues that a multiplicity of processes have been examined under this single term. The empirical work reported in this thesis examines a range of these different learning processes, and illustrates methods by which the process/processes underlying a particular phenomenon can be revealed. Extended replications of seminal studies on 'perceptual learning' demonstrate the non-perceptual learning nature of the processes reported in those studies. Further empirical work presents new evidence for the plasticity of human vision on fundamental dimensions of visual processing. These fmdings suggest that even adults I perceptual experience is modifiable as a result of changes at an early stage of visual processing. Final empirical work considers the types of learning that may occur in the more complex and naturalistic task of detecting features in X-rays, and this leads on to an examination of visual search learning. It is concluded that, given the varied nature of the learning processes identified, a unified theory of perceptual learning may be an unrealistic goal. Instead, a detailed understanding of the different mechanisms underlying each of the identified learning processes is likely to prove more useful. Finally, it is argued that all of the identified processes, previously regarded as perceptual learning, could underlie improvements on complex 'real-world' discrimination tasks. This is illustrated through the application of the theoretical framework, developed in this thesis, to mammographic ftlm reading. It is argued that by isolating and systematically targeting each of the learning processes involved in a task, more effective training programmes could be designed.
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Schiefele, Ulrich. "Interest, learning, and motivation." Universität Potsdam, 1991. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3353/.
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Recent research related to the concept of interest is reviewed. It is argued that current constructs of motivation fail to include crucial aspects of the meaning of interest emphasized by classical American and German educational theorists. In contrast with many contemporary concepts (e.g., intrinsic learning
orientation), interest is defined as a content-specific motivational characteristic composed of intrinsic feeling-related and value-related valences. Results from a number of studies are presented that indicate the importance of interest for the depth of text comprehension, the use of learning strategies, and the quality of the emotional experience while learning. The implications of these results and possible directions for future research are discussed.
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Yeganeh, Bauback. "Mindful Experiential Learning." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1163023095.
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Malekane, Wendy Mapule. "Students' experiences of community engagement in an educational psychology practicum." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23639.
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The purpose of this study was to explore and describe students’ experiences of community engagement in an Educational Psychology practicum. The theoretical framework was Kolb’s (1984) experiential learning theory. The study consulted relevant literature relating to community engagement, the experiences of students of community engagement activities, such as service-learning; the asset-based approach, positive psychology and the learning strategies relevant to the community engagement practice, namely experiential and reflective learning. A qualitative research approach was applied, guided by an interpretivist epistemology. An instrumental case study design was employed and the Department of Educational Psychology of the University of Pretoria, which was involved in the community engagement practicum, was conveniently selected for this research study. I selected one focus group for a pilot study, and later selected a second focus group, consisting of 8 purposefully selected students of the MEd Educational Psychology degree, as my research participants. Focus group interviews, reflective journals and visual data served as data collection methods. And, to further enrich the data collection process, audio-visual methods and a personal reflective journal also served as methods of data documentation Four main themes emerged as the result of thematic analysis and interpretation. Firstly, during the focus group interview, the students conversed about how they gained insight into themselves as Educational Psychologists within South Africa, such as their experiences of encountering individuals from different socio-economic groups, cultures, race and language. Secondly, the students also experienced professional development as a result of their experiences from the Educational Psychology community engagement practicum. That included experiencing themselves as being more confident, able to adapt to new situations and deeper insight into their role as a professional. Thirdly, the students discussed experiences related to integration of theory and practice. Their ability to understand theories, such as the asset-based approach and positive psychology, was enhanced as a result of putting it into practice. Finally, the students had experiences relating to structuring a community engagement practicum. The students expressed the need to receive additional information on the orientation and preparation of the practicum, as at times they had felt unsure of what was expected of them. They experienced the time spent in the practicum as being limited and discussed their experiences of writing in a reflective journal and participating in reflective dialogue Based on the findings, community engagement in this Educational Psychology practicum can be regarded as being a valuable inclusion to the training programme of these students of Educational Psychology, as it gave them the opportunity to interact with diverse clients in a South African setting. As a result of experiential learning during the practicum, students acquired several skills that they would not have gained in a classroom setting, such as the ability to work with diversity, groups, different age groups and in different contexts. Copyright<br>Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010.<br>Educational Psychology<br>unrestricted
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Washington, Dione. "Learning Models, Personality Traits, and Job Satisfaction in Forensic Psychology Practitioners." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7771.
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Forensic psychology is a distinct specialization requiring practitioners to approach problems differently than in other psychological specialties. While the use of problem-based learning in the medical field is well-researched, there is a lack of literature regarding its use in forensic psychology. This quantitative survey-based study was designed to investigate the relationship between learning models and personality traits and job satisfaction in forensic psychologists. In the current study, an adaption of Vygotsky’s constructivist zone of proximal development theory and Holland’s theory of career choice were applied to forensic psychology instruction to assess the degree to which personality and learning models interrelate among forensic psychologists. Overall, the sample population of 49 forensic psychology professionals experienced moderate to high levels of job satisfaction, irrespective of personality. No statistical significance was found with regard to learning model, personality, and job satisfaction. While not statistically significant, the findings do highlight a personality typology that differed from the overarching psychology profession. Holland’s theory categorized individuals in the psychology/psychologist profession as social and artistic. In the current study approximately 37% identified as investigative, while only 4% identified as artistic. It may be beneficial to expand the inclusion criteria to international participants to provide additional statistical analysis with a larger data set. Positive social change may result from an increased awareness of which personality types are better aligned to the forensic psychology profession.
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Farmer, Tim. "Understanding the learning experiences of university students with learning disabilities." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6062.
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The increased interest in identifying effective interventions to facilitate learning disabled students in their academic pursuits necessitates a better understanding of the personal struggles of these students. This study is a preliminary attempt to focus on adult university students who have only recently been identified as having a learning disability. It used a social constructivist approach in an attempt to identify cognitive and metacognitive strategies employed by these students in the past and present, and those they might employ in future. Cognitive dissonance emerged as a major factor as regards the self-concept and self-esteem of these adult students. The dissonance surrounding their self-concept emanated from educational experiences and conflicting judgements about their intelligence. Their narratives identified anxiety as another major factor related to their learning experiences and this was consistent with several empirical studies that have found higher levels of anxiety among students with learning disabilities than the average student population. The narratives within this study have linked the students' cognitive dissonance with their anxiety and their attempts to establish consonance in their self-concept and what they perceived as acceptable levels of self-esteem. This study has resulted in significant insights into the use of myths by these four individuals as a means of coping with their dissonance and anxiety. It explores to what degree this myth-making was effective in assisting these four participants in mediating and self-regulating their learning. The methodology for this study included three 90-minute interviews over one- to three-week periods (Seidman 1998). The interviewer made use of the results of empirical tests that had previously been administered to these students to identify their learning disability. The test results helped to augment the students' exploration of their cognitive struggles and strategies. It is hoped that this study will lead to a richer understanding of the struggles of students with undiagnosed learning disabilities. Further, it is hoped that this study will enhance the use of narratives and a social constructivist approach to further research more effective mediations and self-regulation by this population.
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Jenkins, Victoria. "Parents with learning disabilities : a counselling psychology perspective. Volumes 1-3." Thesis, City University London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507261.
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Goss, Abigail. "Attitudes of support workers in learning disability services towards counselling psychology." Thesis, City, University of London, 2016. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/16817/.
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The following portfolio seeks to view counselling psychology and people with learning disabilities from a pluralistic standpoint. The focus of the research is to understand the attitudes of support workers towards counselling psychology and this particular client group. It attempts to investigate through mixed methods the likelihood of support workers considering a referral for counselling and the factors that affect this while understanding the views and opinions of support staff. In addition, the portfolio includes a publishable paper based on this research which focuses on the role of counselling psychology in improving access to counselling for people with learning disabilities. Finally, a case study presents therapeutic work with someone who has a learning disability underpinned by a pluralistic framework.
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Mak, Winfred. "The positive psychology of Chinese students learning English at UK universities." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15516/.
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The main aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between positive psychology (PP) variables, namely, self-regulation, mindset, psychological well-being and psychological adjustment, in a sample of Chinese master’s students studying in the UK on the one hand, and the English language learning activities in social and educational settings that they reported using to improve their English language proficiency on the other hand; and how the scores on the variables and the relationships between the variables changed between the beginning of the academic year (time 1) and mid-way through the academic year (time 2). A mixed-method research approach was adopted. Questionnaire and interview data were collected at time 1 (T1) and time 2 (T2). 152 and 167 participants completed questionnaires at T1 and T2 respectively, and face-to-face interviews were conducted concurrently with sixteen and fourteen participants at T1 and T2 respectively. SPSS and NVivo were the statistical tools used for questionnaire and interview data analyses. Analyses of the data indicated that there was a significant decrease in growth mindset and psychological adjustment scores (p<0.01) between T1 and T2. Concerning English language learning activities, there was a significant increase in scores of ‘I join social activities where English is used’; and a significant decrease in scores of ‘I keep a notebook of new vocabulary that I have learned’ between T1 and T2. Regarding perceived language proficiency, however, there were no significant score changes between T1 and T2. In terms of the relationship between scores of PP variables and English language learning activities, more correlations (≧0.2) were found at T2 than T1. Similarly, more correlations (≧0.2) were found between scores of PP variables and perceived language proficiency at T2 than that at T1. In conclusion, this study contributes to our understanding of the complex relationship between PP variables and language learning activities.
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Burnard, Philip. "Learning from experience : nurse tutors' and student nurses' perceptions of experiential learning." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303729.
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Riedel, Beate. "Auditory implicit learning." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2003. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4884/.
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It has been suggested that much of the information we acquire from our external environment involves processes that do not require conscious awareness (e.g. Reber, 1989; Reber and Winter, 1994). Such knowledge acquisition has been termed implicit learning and this has been put forward as a fundamental process in allowing learning of complex information (e.g. Reber, 1992; Schmidke and Heuer, 1997). It has been proposed that acquisition of the underlying rule structure of stimulus events provides an indication of such a process as being fundamental and general. In contrast, learning bound to more peripheral processes should only be shown when subjects learn, for example, surface features of stimuli or a sequence of motor responses, but not the underlying rules (e.g. Perruchet and Pacteau, 1990; Seger, 1998). The research in this thesis investigates systematically whether implicit learning of sound stimuli behaves any differently to such learning of visual stimuli. This expands the empirical scope of previous studies in the implicit learning field and allows assessment of such processes as fundamental and general. Chapter 1 provides a background to implicit learning in general and introduces the different concepts involved. Chapters 2 to 4 investigated the generality of findings from visual implicit learning studies in the auditory domain. In particular, they studied the role of rule abstraction in sequence learning (Nissen and Bullemer, 1987) and invariant learning tasks (McGeorge and Burton, 1990). Findings from the sequence learning experiments in Chapters 2 and 3 suggest that subjects were unable to abstract the underlying rule structure of stimuli, as would have been evident from learning of the auditory sequences employed by listening alone. Instead, subjects were only able to learn the relevant associations between their actions (keypress responses) and a set of stimuli. These findings add to evidence from visual implicit learning studies that found peripheral processes involved in such learning. Findings from the invariant learning experiments in Chapter 4 show what types of auditory invariant features subjects can and cannot learn. This identified for the first time the exact information, or rule, that subjects acquire in such a task in an auditory context. Additionally, it provides some evidence that explicit processes may have been involved. Overall, the findings from the experiments in this thesis put into question that implicit learning is a fundamental process, which involves implicit rule abstraction.
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Yik, Ping-chui. "Learning styles and language learning outcomes." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38598073.
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Cagigas, Xavier E. "Cultural determinants of category learning." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3307160.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2008.<br>Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 9, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-118).
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Malekane, Wendy Mapule. "Students' experiences of community engagement in an educational psychology practicum." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2010. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03302010-152226.
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Bartos, Paul D. "Connectionist modelling of category learning." n.p, 2001. http://dart.open.ac.uk/abstracts/page.php?thesisid=155.
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Bright, James. "Issues in implicit learning." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359867.
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Ray, Elizabeth Deborah. "Social and associative learning." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266406.
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Yao, Xin. "Word Learning in Context." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1291060246.
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Burningham, Julie Ann. "A Simulation-based Approach to Educational Psychology." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2140.
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This paper summarizes a design project entitled "Choose Your Own Teaching Adventure" completed for the Instructional Psychology and Technology Department at Brigham Young University. The purpose of the design project was to prototype a learning tool that instructs beginning pre-service teachers in the classroom application of the principles of behaviorism. Originally, the project was designed to be a static learning object that would be combined with other similar learning modules for additional topics of an Educational Psychology course. At the conclusion of the first prototyping round, however, the project was generalized to become a testing ground for a simulation builder project that would allow other instructors to create their own learning simulation based on the findings of this prototype. The Rapid Prototyping methodology used in this project allowed for quick revisions, lower stakes testing, and more flexibility in the design. The various stages of the design and evaluation process, including revisions and prototypes, are shown and discussed in this paper.
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Zhu, Qin. "Learning affordances for maximum distance throws in the context of learning to throw." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3315916.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, 2008.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 8, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-07, Section: B, page: 4466. Advisers: Geoffrey P. Bingham; John B. Shea.
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Oshima-Takane, Yuriko. "The learning of pronouns /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=71959.
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This thesis investigates how children learn the first and the second person pronouns in English. In the first phase two cross sectional studies, which examined production and comprehension in children between 16 months and 36 months of ages, were conducted to determine what types of hypotheses children entertain about the semantic rules of the pronouns. In the second phase an intervention experiment was conducted to determine whether children benefit from observing speech not addressed to them for discovering the correct rules. This hypothesis was evaluated by comparing the effects of two different intervention programs: One providing children with opportunities to observe the shifting reference of personal pronouns in speech addressed to others and the other not providing such opportunities. The results suggest that even children under two years old can learn the correct rules of personal pronouns from speech not addressed to them.
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Kersten, Alan Wayne. "Event category learning." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30882.
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Yoder, Ryan J. "Learning cognitive feedback specificity during training and the effect of learning for cognitive tasks." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1256155902.
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Dixon, Wallace E. Jr, Brenda J. Salley, and Andrea D. Clements. "Temperament, Distraction, and Learning in Toddlerhood." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4900.
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The word- and nonword-learning abilities of toddlers were tested under various conditions of environmental distraction, and evaluated with respect to children's temperamental attentional focus. Thirty-nine children and their mothers visited the lab at child age 21-months, where children were exposed to fast-mapping word-learning trials and nonlinguistic sequential learning trials. It was found that both word- and nonword-learning were adversely affected by the presentation of environmental distractions. But it was also found that the effect of the distractions sometimes depended on children's level of attentional focus. Specifically, children high in attentional focus were less affected by environmental distractions than children low in attentional focus when attempting to learn from a model, whereas children low in attentional focus demonstrated little learning from the model. Translationally, these results may be of use to child health-care providers investigating possible sources of cognitive and language delay.
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Tsang, Nai-Ming. "Learning styles and associated learning barriers on a social work course in Hong Kong." Thesis, Middlesex University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254869.
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Baddeley, Hilary Ann. "Physiotherapy students' learning strategies and worries : their relevance for behavioural science teaching and learning." Thesis, University of East London, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293365.
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Shikano, Teruyuki. "Effect of instructions in category learning." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30966.
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Kelly, Stephen William. "Experiments in implicit learning." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4989/.
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This thesis examines two paradigms from the area of implicit learning in detail. The literature suggests that the invariance detection paradigm of McGeorge and Burton (1990) gives rise to unconscious knowledge held at a conceptual level with the decision process served by a 'nearest-neighbour' similarity mechanism. The experiments in this thesis suggest that several aspects of this task do indeed seem to agree with present conceptions of unconscious knowledge but no evidence could be found that this knowledge is held at a conceptual level or that specific similarity plays any role in this task. Instead the experiments in this thesis suggest that this task may be better understood in terms of an abstraction mechanism which acquires perceptual information. Using the invariance detection paradigm, this thesis examines the effect of two types of task which measure performance above an 'objective threshold' of awareness. Performance on each task was not the same, suggesting that one cannot assume all direct tests measure the same knowledge despite being similar in nature. In addition, the finding that only the more sensitive of the two tasks could elicit information in the invariance detection paradigm suggests that the knowledge is extremely difficult to elicit. This also is a property of implicit learning and points to the digit invariance task being mediated by unconscious mechanisms. The finding of robust invariance detection in laboratory tasks suggests that one might expect to find similar learning for real world invariance. No evidence for this could be found, which suggests that either implicit learning is a laboratory artefact or that real world invariance learning does not operate in the same way that laboratory experiments suggest. These results suggest that laboratory experiments are required which replicate conditions under which real world learning might occur.
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Kalra, Priya. "Implicit Learning: Development, Individual Differences, and Educational Implications." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:16460206.
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This dissertation attempts to link models from cognitive neuroscience with problems and models from education research as well as to advance our understanding of implicit learning. In addition to a review of the current understanding of implicit learning from psychology and neuroscience, an essay on the potential applications of implicit learning to education and two empirical studies comprise this document.
The first study compares implicit learning in adults and children to address the question of developmental invariance in implicit learning. One novel aspect of this study is the use of a battery of implicit learning tasks, as well as comparison explicit learning tasks. Although gross differences were not found between adults and children in the implicit learning tasks, nevertheless first-level item analysis revealed that children and adults may differentially exploit stimulus frequency information to perform the tasks.
The second study uses parallel forms of multiple implicit learning tasks to determine the reliability of implicit learning tasks for adult participants. Contrary to the prevailing view of implicit learning, stable individual differences were found. Correlations between individual implicit learning and certain non-cognitive traits (such as conscientiousness) were found, but IQ was not correlated with implicit learning.
Finally, the implications of these findings for basic research as well as for the possibility of applying implicit learning to K-12 instruction are discussed.<br>Human Development and Education
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McVeigh, Elizabeth. "Learning : dimensions of strategy use." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334481.
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Thornton, Christopher James. "Concept learning as data compression." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278809.
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Richardson, G. P. "Category names and category learning." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306826.
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Hedberg, Silfverberg Emma-Sophia. "Cultural-historical psychology as a basis for learning to use CSCW systems." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-901.
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<p>Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) is a growing field, which aims at facilitating, by means of technology, coordination and communication between people, working together. One problem within the area is that users often have problems learning the systems. Activity theory, a theoretical framework often used within CSCW, includes theories of learning, which however, have received relatively little attention within CSCW. Activity theory, as developed by Leont'ev, stems from Vygotsky's cultural-historical theory, and has been further developed by Gal'perin. In this thesis the theories of learning in the works of Vygotsky, Leont'ev, and Gal'perin in particular, have been applied to CSCW in order to investigate the contribution these theories can make to support learning within CSCW. Several conclusions are drawn from the theories analysed in this thesis. To begin with, learning should take place in social settings. Learners also need to be motivated to learn and need to be oriented in the learning task before performing the action to be learned. They need to be guided by a teacher, who asks guiding questions during the learning process. It is of importance that the learner performs the action to be learned him- or herself and describes, both verbally and quietly, what he or she is doing. During the performance of the action, the learner should manipulate material or materialised objects. The conclusions from the analysis are summarised in a number of guiding principles for CSCW system training that may provide a theoretical starting point for taking a closer look at learning problems pointed out within CSCW.</p>
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Norris, Toni Louise. "The personal, career and learning skill needs of first year psychology students." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/140.
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This study assessed the personal, career and learning skills needs of 196 psychology students (M= 56, F= 103). The preferred means of counselling assistance, preferred experience of counselling and preferred counselling provider were also assessed. The most highly endorsed needs were time management skills (83.5 percent, n=162), learning test-taking strategies (82 percent, n=159), job search strategies (73.6 percent, n=142), increasing self-confidence (70.3 percent, n=135), increasing motivation (72.4 percent, n=134), controlling anxiety and nervousness (68.7 percent, n=134), public speaking anxiety (68.4percent, n=134), understanding career interests and abilities (67.5 percent, n=131), fear of failure (68.1 percent, n=130), and improving study skills (66.5 percent, n=129). Significant sex differences were found for the following, finding a greater purpose in life, controlling weight, job search strategies, concerns about career choice, understanding career interests and abilities in the selection of major subjects and improving study skills. Males highly endorsed the need for finding a greater purpose in life, job search strategies, and concern about career choice, understanding career interest and abilities, selection of major subjects and to improve study skills, whereas females endorsed the need for controlling weight. Respondents indicated individual counselling as being their preferred means of counselling assistance, but lectures were the most prevalent means of assistance previously received by respondents. Most respondents (78.1 percent) found the assistance they had received to be helpful.
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Ullman, Tomer David. "On the nature and origin of intuitive theories : learning, physics and psychology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97788.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2015.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 221-236).<br>This thesis develops formal computational models of intuitive theories, in particular intuitive physics and intuitive psychology, which form the basis of commonsense reasoning. The overarching formal framework is that of hierarchical Bayesian models, which see the mind as having domain-specific hypotheses about how the world works. The work first extends models of intuitive psychology to include higher-level social utilities, arguing against a pure 'classifier' view. Second, the work extends models of intuitive physics by introducing a ontological hierarchy of physics concepts, and examining how well people can reason about novel dynamic displays. I then examine the question of learning intuitive theories in general, arguing that an algorithmic approach based on stochastic search can address several puzzles of learning, including the 'chicken and egg' problem of concept learning. Finally, I argue the need for a joint theory-space for reasoning about intuitive physics and intuitive psychology, and provide such a simplified space in the form of a generative model for a novel domain called Lineland. Taken together, these results forge links between formal modeling, intuitive theories, and cognitive development.<br>by Tomer David Ullman.<br>Ph. D.
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Denton, Stephen E. "Exploring active learning in a Bayesian framework." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3380073.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences the Dept. of Cognitive Science, 2009.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 19, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-12, Section: B, page: 7870. Advisers: John K. Kruschke; Jerome R. Busemeyer.
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Barcus, Karina-Mikayla C. "Auditory Category Learning of Modal Concepts." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1428416128.
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