Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lèpre'
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Lé, Micheline. "Paléoépidémiologie de la lèpre en Europe Occidentale." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20738.
Full textLeprosy is a dreaded disease marked by a terrible psychological and social impact that it has given its historical and cultural significance because of the horror it produced and the excessive devotion or cruelty it engendered. Leprosy leaves lasting traces on the bones. The expression of the disease, depending on the overall health and on past population immunity conditions varies within them. In this context, the classical lesions of leprosy (resorption of the anterior nasal spine, resorption of the edge of the nasal piriform aperture, atrophy of alveolar process of maxilla and palate perforation) commonly used in the palaeopathological diagnosis, are not the only expression of the disease to consider, despite their reliability. The interest of this thesis was to highlight the additional characteristics of Hansen's disease (inflammatory damages of the hard palate, the nasal conches, the nasal septum, maxillary sinusitis and periosteal reactions in long bones) in ancient human remains in order to improve the palaeopathological diagnosis and the epidemiological perception of this disease providing a more reliable pattern of the leprosy palaeoepidemiology to better understand its evolution. The corrected prevalence of Hansen's disease established with the classical characteristics traditionally used for the diagnosis of leprosy has been improved owing to the study and taking into account of the additional characteristics. One of the non specific characteristics highlighted, the periosteal reaction of long bones, was treated separately with the "Periosteal Pattern Weighed Index" (PPWI). The results obtained show that the profile distribution of periosteal reaction is not generally demonstrating the usefulness of the periosteal reactions quantification as additional diagnostic component, especially as the PPWI method remains below the diagnostic process and does not involve pre-defined aetiology in its application. It is therefore possible to envisage potential etiologic characterization because the absence of classic characteristics within well-defined disease such as leprosy, the distribution pattern of periosteal reactions given by the PPWI could allow to approach this palaeopathological diagnosis and become a diagnostic element to consider. Following our periosteal reactions study, we have developed a new index (Indice X), the rate of the periosteal reactions that quantify periosteal reactions for osteoarchaeological series with different size
Dunoyer, Nathalie. "Traitement de la lèpre et perspectives d'avenir." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P114.
Full textLe, Car Fabrice. "Vingt ans de lèpre à la Réunion." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON11124.
Full textConversy, Étienne. "Contribution à l'ostéoarchéopathologie à l'histoire de la lèpre." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05W080.
Full textGaschignard, Jean. "Génétique humaine des formes cliniques de la lèpre." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB133/document.
Full textLeprosy is a neglected tropical disease that affects nearly 200,000 people each year and caused byMycobacterium leprae. Genetic host susceptibility to the disease is well established, and helped to understand some of the mechanisms of the disease’s physiopathology. There is also a wide inter-individual variability of the clinical manifestations of the disease, which runs from a so-said tuberculoid to a so-said lepromatous pole. We sought to identify genetic susceptibility factors for this polarization of the disease. We initially described gender and age as non-genetic factors associated with this phenotype. We then based our analysis on the classical tools from thefield of genetic epidemiology, namely linkage and association studies, to identify genetic variants that influence leprosy polarization. We used a DNA-microarray with 500,000 markers spanning over the whole genome to genotype a sample of Vietnamese families including 939 patients, of which 692 were children. We have found a region linked to leprosy polarization on chromosome 19p12. The association study could not identify a significant signal across the genome. We developed a new test for association designed for familial data that improved the results without reaching significance. Our work will be pursued by association studies in two case-control populations from Vietnam and Brazil. We will try to identify the causal markers within the 19p12 linkage region on the one hand, and to discover new variants on theother hand. The identification of markers associated with leprosy polarization could help us to better predict the evolution of the disease, and to offer more targeted treatments to patients, based on their individual genetic risk
Messali, Jean-Pierre. "La "lèpre" dans les écrits bibliques et rabbiniques : aspects historiques, textuels et rituels." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA037/document.
Full textDuring almost two thousand years, the historians hawked about a tale : the Jews were evicted from Egypt because they were affected by leprosy. The study of the Hansen's disease (present name of the leprosy) and the different researches, historical (on the texts of Antiquity's historians) and archaeological allow to object to some of written works and to proof that tale, who was carried on until half of 20th century, was wrong.However, the Hebraic Bible dedicate two chapters of the Leviticus to a disorder who can affect the human beings, the clothes and the houses, and the word used in Hebrew is always translated (against many contesting) by "leprosy". A reading of this text, improved by the explanations of the main commentators and completed by the study of the essential legislative texts as Mishnah, halakhic Midrash and (Jérusalem and Babylonian) Talmud, allow to know better the significance given to that disorder on the ritual subject.The study of characters that the Bible describe as affected by leprosy and of those elected by the talmudic and midrashic literature allow to understand the different explanations given by the Antiquity's Rabbis on the leprosy's origin, often deemed as the divine punishment of gossip and never as a disease.The impurity caused by leprosy will require, in case of "recovery", a purification witch process is quite clear, for human beings, clothes or houses.A question persist : why to give so much importance to a disorder so mild and temporary and impose to the carrier the terrible punishment, the expulsion of the community
Laborde, Christian. "La lèpre dans le monde : état actuel des connaissances." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11005.
Full textGzara, Chaïma. "Génétique humaine de la lèpre au Vietnam : une histoire de familles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UNIP5234.
Full textLeprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves, and can cause an irreversible impairment of nerve function, often leading to severe disabilities and social stigma if left untreated. The disease, re-qualified by WHO (World Health Organization) as a “Neglected Tropical Disease” in 2017, remains a major public health problem in regions of endemic countries, with over 200,000 new cases per year (one every two minutes). It is ranked second as the most common mycobacterial infectious disease, right after tuberculosis. While it has been well established that there is a genetic contribution to this disease, the underlying genetic causes remains unknown. In our study, we sought to reveal the host´s genetic architecture of leprosy by taking of a familial epidemiological approach. We conducted the first Family-Based Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of leprosy in 481 Vietnamese nuclear families (parents and children) selected based on one affected child and collected over the past 20 years. Using this sample of 1,749 individuals, including 622 affected offspring, we performed association tests between six million biallelic genetic variants (Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism, genotyped or imputed) and the binary phenotype of disease status. Following this first analysis, we conducted a replication analysis of the most promising results in an independent sample of the same ethnic origin, accounting for 1,181 cases and 668 controls. The most significant results were observed within the HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) region, in which 3 independent SNPs displayed genome-wide significant associations. Among these, two were for the HLA class I region and one for the HLA class II (rs1265048 [OR = 0.69; p-value = 5.5x10⁻¹¹], rs114598080 [OR = 1.47; p-value = 8.8x10⁻¹³] and rs3187964 [OR = 1.67; p-value = 8.4x10⁻¹⁶] respectively). We also identified a missense variant in the LACC1 gene (rs3764147: OR = 1.52; p-value = 5.1x10⁻¹⁴) and an intergenic variant located close to the IL12B gene (rs6871626: OR = 0.73; p-value = 6.4x10⁻⁸). LACC1 encodes a central regulator of the metabolic function and bioenergetic state of macrophages and IL12B encodes IL-12p40, which is common to two interleukins, IL-12 and IL-23. Large GWAS are expensive, strongly limiting the number of variants to test in a replication set. Here, we took advantage of the available parental phenotypic and genotypic information to perform a classical case-control study among the parents of the family-based sample. Indeed, using of extensive computer simulations, we demonstrated that this population-based parental study is a valid, powerful and costless replication strategy to confirm family-based associations. Overall, our observations add to the attractiveness of family-based designs and should provide valuable help for investigators planning to perform GWA studies. Understanding leprosy pathophysiology infection is crucial to optimize preventive approaches based on genetic profiles. Dissection of the genetic control of the infection by M. leprae by its human host, therefore, constitutes an indispensable step. Finally, repositioning the family at the heart of the genetic quest means repositioning genetics into its natural environment
Van, Butsel Philippe. "Epidémiologie actuelle de la lépre en guadeloupe : à propos de 44 cas de rechute de lépre multibacillaire entre 1980 et 1987." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3015.
Full textMernissi, Saloua. "Les moyens de lutte et l'organisation antilépreuse au Maroc." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P163.
Full textDumas, Jean-Luc. "Contribution a la recherche de lésions du système nerveux central dans la lèpre." Limoges, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIMO0182.
Full textMiquel-Taboada, Régine. "Les infirmités lépreuses en Colombie et leur prévention : un problème de santé publique." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11071.
Full textGravey, Alain. "L'immunostimulation dans la maladie de Hansen : étude histologique, immunologique, et clinique à partir de trois observations." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO1S008.
Full textKeyzer, Walter de. "La lèpre en Hainaut: contribution à l'histoire des lépreux et des léproseries, du XIIe au XVIe siècle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212962.
Full textFloriant, Pierre. "Les nouveaux traitements des grandes endémies tropicales africaines : onchocercose, paludisme, schistosomiase, lèpre, trypanosomiase humaine africaine." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M098.
Full textTouati, François-Olivier. "Lèpre, lépreux et léproseries dans la province ecclésiastique de Sens jusqu'au milieu du XIVe siècle." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010512.
Full textBased on the analysis of all available documentation, this work is attempt to estimate the various effects of leprosy, from its first traces in the 4th century until the black death, on the successive patterns of society between the loire and the marne (the eight dioceses of Troyes, Sens, Meaux, Paris, Chartres, Orléans, Auxerre, Nevers) ; considering the cultural, demographic, political, and also biological environment, the known variety of attitudes towards the sick makes us question the traditional view of a systematic social exclusion or of a total segregation. Medical writings confirm the level of diagnosis of the disease but they are far from formulating immediatly the etiology in terms of contagion. From the 11th century onwards, the concern and actual care of the sick inspired by the christian message became associated with new religious aspirations and economic growth; these circumstances mainly explain the creation of leper-houses (listed in this work). Their material and spiritual functioning, the evolution of their development show the progressive change of their objectives and of the attitude towards the sick. This change, more pronouced towards the end of the 13th century culminates in the difficult circumstances of the 1320's. The above occured at the same time as the loss of autonomy of the leper-houses, the theft of their wealth as well as growing rejection of the inmates. Medical arguments, from then on, came to justify this process
Sèye, Aliou, and Martine Buhrig. "La lèpre sociale : ethnoscape et reconnaissance sociale en Afrique de l'Ouest : anthropologie, éthique et politique." Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/sey-buhrig_am.
Full textThis is from individual situations, as well as geopolitical situations, that the forms of struggle for recognition we've built the ethnoscape of social leprosy. In the link between local and global humanitarian issues is significant issues of exclusion and social justice where emerging questions about the relationship, rights and social participation of persons in situations of social leprosy. Despite their state of financial and material poverty, the latter shared humanity, solidarity and blessings. People with leprosy social living a double discrimination: their exclusion from public places and their assignment to begging in the streets default social care. The body techniques they develop to enable them to survive in the dangerous world of the street. They are indicative of their cultural affiliations, their benchmarks and their posture ethics. The struggle for recognition that lead people in a situation of social leprosy is that of humanity: an anti-dice expected to be born and not dying, to live and survive with dignity. In the past lézardé of colonialism and in this post-colonialism and of the globalized market economy, there is no place in myth of a bright future. This struggle goes through social participation, access to social rights and respect for human dignity
Cruaud, Philippe. "Étude des antigènes glycolipidiques chez les mycobactéries : application au sérodiagnostic de la lèpre et de la tuberculose." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA114832.
Full textAlcaïs, Alexandre. "De la lèpre au maximum de vraisemblance binomiale : histoire naturelle d'une nouvelle méthode d'analyse de liaison génétique." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA11T072.
Full textBargès, Anne. "La grande maladie : le sens du trouble et de l'alliance entre institution occidentale, Afrique Mandingue, lèpre et modernité." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX32030.
Full textMillogo, Anselme. "Le diagnostic des mycobactérioses cutanées en Afrique de l'Ouest." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT030.
Full textCutaneous mycobacterioses remains prevalent in West Africa, despite the existence of treatments due to problems linked to early diagnosis. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the improvement of their microbiological diagnosis. The results of the work of this thesis allow us to understand the epidemiology of cutaneous mycobacterioses in Burkina Faso, West Africa. This work is a first that focuses on the simultaneous microbiological diagnosis of Buruli ulcer, leprosy and cutaneous tuberculosis in Burkina Faso using innovative approaches. A review of the literature carried out on the microbiology of skin and subcutaneous ulcers in West Africa made it possible to identify the following objectives: i) to study the molecular prevalence of Mycobacterium ulcerans in clinical samples of chronic wounds in patients living in the rural areas of South West and West of Burkina Faso; ii) set up a microscopic technique for hybridization of fluorescent molecular probes for precise detection of Mycobacterium leprae in clinical skin samples; iii) used this technique to search in non-invasive samples (stool and nasal secretions) of Mycobacterium ulcerans in order to propose non-invasive methods of diagnosing leprosy in Burkina Faso, West Africa; iii) to put in place a microscopic staining technique making it possible to distinguish living, dormant or dead mycobacteria in clinical samples for monitoring treatments and to provide researchers with a tool for selecting samples eligible for attempts to culture Mycobacterium leprae. The clinical samples for the research of Mycobacterium ulcerans were made in Bobo-Dioulasso, in Djikologo (Diébougou) and in Bomborokuy (Nouna) that is 64 swabs of chronic skin wounds. As for skin samples (biopsies and skin incisions), they were carried out in the dermatology department of the “Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou de Bobo – Dioulasso”. Molecular tests carried out for Mycobacterium ulcerans targeting the following markers: IS2404, IS2606 and KR-B. A specific oligonucleotide probe designer on the role of Mycobacterium leprae and labeled with fluorochrome Alexa555 was used by Fluorescence microscopy - leprosy. Fluorescein diacetate, red Nile and DAPI were used for the characterization of Mycobacterium leprae according to the three stages: living, dynamic and dead. For Burkina Faso, there is a first molecular proof of the circulation of Mycobacterium ulcerans in chronic wounds of rural patients. A more specific microscopic tool made it possible to make a precise diagnosis which enabled the dermatologists of CHUSS to treat the sick. For clinicians, DDD-leprosy remains a tool for monitoring patients on anti-leprosy drugs. The researchers will find in DDD a tool to relaunch research on the culture of leprosy based on samples they have an overview of the proportion of living mycobacteria. These results confirm on the one hand a geographical extension of Buruli ulcer in West Africa and on the other hand call for a strengthening of efforts in the fight against leprosy in Burkina Faso, West Africa with the end a prospect of strengthening approaches to leprosy culture for scientists.Keywords: Cutaneous mycobacterioses / West Africa / Burkina Faso / Mycobacterium ulcerans / Mycobacterium leprae / FISH / DDD
Abel, Laurent. "Modélisation de l'âge variable de survenue pour l'analyse de ségrégation des maladies multifactorielles : application à l'étude de la lèpre." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA11T019.
Full textRoch, Florence. "Étude des lymphocytes T dans l'infection chronique à Mycobacterium lepraemurium et Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) chez trois souches de souris." Tours, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOUR3807.
Full textLEVEE, GERALDINE. "La lepre et la tuberculose en polynesie francaise : diagnostic, epidemiologie et facteurs genetiques." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112125.
Full textBalandraud, Paul. "Paralysie lépreuse de l'opposition : réanimation par transfert de l'extenseur propre de l'index : à propos de 27 cas opérés à Hô Chi Minh Ville (Viet Nam)." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M300.
Full textRanque-François, Brigitte. "Recherche de facteurs génétiques influençant deux phénotypes liés à la lèpre : la réaction granulomateuse de Mitsuda et les réactions de réversion." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA11T067.
Full textDrowart, Annie. "Contribution à l'étude des réactions immunitaires humorales induites par les antigènes du complexe 85 de M. Bovis BCG dans la tuberculose et la lèpre." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212752.
Full textBoix, Lionel. "Les manifestations ostéo-articulaires de la lèpre en Martinique : à propos de six patients hospitalisés dans le service de rhumatologie du CHU de Fort-de-France de 1990 à 1996." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2M082.
Full textJeanne, Damien. "Garder ou perdre la face? La Maladie et le Sacré. Étude d'anthropologie historique sur la lèpre (Normandie centrale, occidentale et méridionale) du onzième au seizième siècle." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100219.
Full textReduced to the level of a second-rate moment in history by a heavy historiography, the leper in the Middle Ages is caught between two representations. The first and more traditional one is that of a lame being, oppressed by crowds and segregated from other people. The second and more recent one is that of an over-rated “beneficent leprosy” reminiscent of a purgatory on earth. Between those two representations, which one is closer to the “truth”? Which one might explain the opening of leper-houses between the end of the XIth century and the middle of the XIIIth century? What caused the inflow of alms given do misers?Keeping a chronology of those two different representations is impossible, because they both belong to a dual perception of the leper. The miser is “sacer” (cursed and revered), he conveys the image of both a suffering Christ and a misshapen, lopsided, mouth-less being, deprived of hands, but endowed with a goat’s sexuality and bringing bad luck. The leper is a scapegoat with no bloody sacrifice, but who is willing to commit to leper-houses. A way to withdraw from the world. The exceptional sources from Western, Central and Southern Normandy allow us to appreciate the clerics’ discourses on leprosy and the institutional evolutions of leper-houses due to the acts of practice (the 7 cartularies) and help us build a clearer picture of what the daily life of lepers might have been, as well as restore the network of leper-houses in the dioceses of Avranches, Bayeux, Coutances, Lisieux and Sées
Badiane, Gora. "La problématique de l'intégration des villages de reclassement social (VRS) du Sénégal dans leur collectivité locale." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2536.
Full textPicot, Johan. "Malades ou criminels ? Les lépreux devant le tribunal de la Purge de Montferrand à la fin du Moyen-Age." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30048.
Full textFrom the 11th century, the kingdom of France witnesses the return of the terrifying evil : the leprosy. Auvergne is not spared and suffers from the disease from the beginning of the 12th century at least. The endemic disease strikes then the populations and forces the local authorities to react to stop the distribution of the evil with, in particular, the installation of several leper-houses. Within the diocese of Clermont, it is the city of Montferrand which is the most organized with a court based on a procedure atypical and unique in France name "the Purge". The origins of this jurisdiction are dark. The historian seizes the existence with it and the functioning only at the beginning of the 14th century, when it is created or officialized under the shape of a royal court, used then until 17th century. The Purge, held and chaired by the consuls of Montferrand, aims at summoning, at examining, at judging then at pushing aside from the healthy society the lepers in Auvergne, but also in the nearby countries. The research concerns the history of the leprosy (first mentions of the disease in Auvergne, installation of leper-houses, hospitable mapping), but becomes attached especially to the court of the Purge. The study is particularly interested in this juridical-medical organ, in its origin, in its functioning, in its competence and in the difficulties met by the royal court. The social and geographical origins of the officers composing the institution as their careers are also studied by means of the prosopographique tool. The purpose of the search, finally, is to determine what is the status of the leper in Auvergne at the end of the middle Ages and at the beginning of modern time. Are the lepers treated as simple patients or as "criminals" such as supposes it the documentation of the Purge?
Bado, Jean-Paul. "Politiques sanitaires et grandes endémies : lèpre, trypanosomiase humaine africaine, et onchocercose dans les pays voltaïques : de la découverte des foyers à la mise en place des politiques de prophylaxies (1890-1960)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX10009.
Full textThis study concentrates on the different sanitary policies defined during french colonisation in french occidental africa, mainly in upper volta (nowadays burkina faso). Choosing those three diseases, leprosy, african human trypanosomiasis and onchocerciassis permit to follow the circumstances which obliged administration to modify colonial system and put all energy into the protection of "reserve of health". Woud colonisation succeed without helping by bio-medical sciences? it is question that this research tries to solve
Martin, Fabienne. "Ce mal qui les anime : expériences et quotidien d’une communauté de lépreux (Jodhpur, Inde du Nord)." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100108.
Full textIndia counts numerous self built leprosy settlements – ashrams or colonies. I have been interested in one of them, located in Jodhpur (Rajasthan) in north-west India. This study focuses on its history, the way this group of people took shape on the basis of mutualisation of experience and friendship, to further become an institution rooted in urban space as a sevā organisation (hindu concept of service). I have been equally interested in the way the group thinks itself and takes stand in Indian society. In this study, emphasis is actually put on movement : rejection and ostracism, meeting and connection, distinctive process, tries and explorations. These individuals, who have come together because of a biological affliction which their descendents inherited socially, find themselves trapped into a perpetual “yet to be”. Finally this study states on the permanent tension which results from the confrontation between the desire to build an existence behind leprosy and the constrains opposed by external agents as to the effect of the community building process itself
Reibel, Florence. "Mycobacterium leprae : de l’épidémiologie à la caractérisation de l’ADN gyrase." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS560.
Full textTwo hundred thousand cases of leprosy occur each year worldwide, especially in developing countries. Our laboratory having a double activity, leprosy surveillance and research focused on studying resistance mechanisms to antituberculosis drugs, the objectives of the work have medical and fundamental issues. A first genotyping study of M. leprae allowed us to show that all the leprosy cases diagnosed on the national territory are acquired outside metropolitan France. M. leprae enzymatic equipment is remarkable, for example, it encodes only a single type II topoisomerase, DNA gyrase. The only known FQ resistance mechanism in M. leprae is occurrence of mutations in DNA gyrase genes, the sole target of FQ in this species. As M. leprae is not cultivable in vitro, no antibiogram can be performed. It is thus essential to evaluate precisely the impact on resistance of all the DNA gyrase gene (gyrA / gyrB) mutations that have been observed in clinical strains. A systematic review of all the mutations published was performed. We investigated the impact on FQ resistance of 5 new mutants through a DNA gyrase biochemical assay (DNA supercoiling inhibition by FQ). A final work aimed to characterize the wild-type M. leprae DNA gyrase. We developed an optimized enzyme purification protocol. We did not manage to characterize how the enzyme functions, however we offer several study perspectives to achieve this goal
Hyacinthe, Rafaël. "L'ordre de saint-lazare de jerusalem en occident histoire : iconographie, archeologie." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010508.
Full textFerreira, Antonio Nelorracion Gonçalves. "Lazarópolis: a lepra entre a piedade e o medo (Ceará, 1918-1935)." www.teses.ufc.br, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/2837.
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Buscou-se fazer uma história da lepra no Ceará (1918-1935) tendo como fio condutor da discussão o medo, a partir da análise do seu funcionamento tanto como um sentimento negativo quanto como um operador positivo na produção de demandas sociais, políticas e higiênicas. Assim, o medo foi concebido como uma prática-discursiva fundamental na problematização sócio-histórica da lepra e do leproso, que possibilitou a compreensão de diversos aspectos constituintes da cidade de Fortaleza no período estudado, como a disputa por espaço, a gestão da pobreza, a ação da caridade cristã, o sentimento de insegurança e o papel da imprensa.
Cette recherche apporte une histoire de la lèpre au Ceará (1918-1935), en ayant comme fil conducteur de la discussion le peur, à partir de la analyse du son fonctionnement tant comme un sentiment négatif quant comme un opérateur positif dans la production de demandes sociaux, politiques et higiéniques. Ainsi le peur a été pensé comme une pratique discursive fondamental dans la problématique historique de la lèpre et du lépreux qui possibilité la comprehension de divers aspects de la ville de Fortaleza dans le période étudié, comme la dispute par space, la gestion de la pauvreté, la action de la charité chrétienne, le sentiment de insécurité et la fonction de la presse.
Silva, Leicy Francisca da. "Eternos órfãos da saúde - medicina, política e construção da lepra em Goiás (1830-1962)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3460.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
Le principal objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser le processus de construction de la lèpre dans l’Etat de Goiás, au Brésil. Pour ce faire, on a cherché, par l’analyse des discours médicaux et politiques produits pendant la période comprise entre 1830 et 1962, à observer les transformations de la façon de penser et d’exprimer le problème, et les éléments relatifs au pouvoir et au savoir qui construisent la maladie comme problème médico-politique. Les principaux documents utilisés dans cette analyse se composent de rapports médicaux, de revues médicales de Goiás, de rapports gouvernementaux des Provinces/Etats, et de journaux locaux. L’hypothèse défendue est que la manière de concevoir la maladie analysée s’est transformée à Goiás dans les années 1920. La morphée, qui était vue, au XIXe siècle, comme possiblement curable et dont les malades coexistaient avec les sains dans les espaces urbains, a donné place à la lèpre, maladie contagieuse qui se propage sur les espaces pauvres et “sans civilisation” de l’Etat, et qui exigeait que des actions soient entreprises pour la contenir. Cette transformation a lieu dans un contexte de croissance de l’intérêt porté à l’espace de l’intérieur du Brésil et à un moment de dispute discursive au sujet du transfert de la capitale fédérale de Rio de Janeiro à Goiás. Les discours construits autour de cette question présentaient un espace et une population caractérisés par la maladie et par l’absence du pouvoir public. Ainsi, les gouvernements, sans moyens d’assumer la politique sanitaire d’assistance médicale aux malades dans les années 1920 et 1930, laissent ce rôle aux institutions philanthropiques ; alors qu’à la fin des années 1930 et pendant les années 1940, l’Etat se l’approprie et centralise la politique de prophylaxie qu’il rapproche fortement du projet de construction de la nouvelle capitale de l’Etat de Goiás. Pour les médecins, la lutte pour l’hégémonie sur le problème sert de mot d’ordre pour le renforcement de la classe et pour sa projection sur la scène politique, dans le cadre de la défense du progrès régional.
This thesis aims at analyzing the process of construction of Leprosy in the Goiás. It seeks to observe the changes referring to the ways of thinking and of expressing the problem, as well as the factors related to power and knowledge, which constructs a disease as a medical-political problem, through the analyzes of the medical and political discourses produced over the period between 1830-1962. The main documents used for the analysis were the reports of general practicioners, medical magazines from Goiás, reports from the local and state government and local newspapers as well. The hypothesis is that in Goiás, in the 1920’s, there was a change in the way the disease was conceived. The morphea, which in the nineteenth century, was seen as a possibly curable disease and whose patients lived in urban areas together with the healthy individuous, gave place to leprosy, a contagious disease, that spread over the poor and uncivilization areas, which demanded state measures in order to control it. This change becomes contextualized in the increased interest in the countryside of Brazil and in the discursive dispute with respect to moving the Federal capital to Goiás. The discourse constructed around of this issue represents a space and a population characterized by the disease and the absence of the State power. Thus, the government, without conditions to undertake the sanitary policy for patients ‘medical care, in the 1920’s and in the 1930’s, allowed the phylantropic institutions to take care of it, though it was later taken over by the State at the end of the 1930’s and the 1940’s, which centralized the prophylaxis policy and strongly relates to the construction project of the new State capital. For the doctors, the struggle for hegemony over the issue serves as a motto for the strengthening of the class and their projections in the field of politics, in the defence of regional progress.
Esta tese tem como objetivo principal analisar o processo de construção da lepra em Goiás. Para tanto, busca, por meio das análises dos discursos médicos e políticos produzidos no período entre 1830 a 1962, observar as transformações referentes ao modo de pensar e expressar o problema e os elementos relativos ao poder e ao saber que constroem a doença como problema médico-político. Os principais documentos utilizados nessa análise são os relatórios de médicos-viajantes, revistas médicas goianas, relatórios dos governos provinciais/estaduais e jornais locais. A hipótese defendida é que ocorre em Goiás, na década de 1920, uma transformação na forma de conceber a doença. A morfeia, que no século XIX era vista como possivelmente curável e cujos doentes conviviam nos espaços urbanos com os sadios, dá lugar à lepra, uma doença contagiosa, que se expandia pelos espaços pobres e “sem civilização”, e que exigia ações do Estado para sua contenção. Esta transformação se faz contextualizada no aumento do interesse pelo espaço do interior do Brasil e na disputa discursiva com respeito à mudança da capital federal para Goiás. Os discursos construídos em torno desta questão apresentam um espaço e uma população caracterizados pela doença e pela ausência do poder público. Assim, os governos, sem condições para assumir a política sanitária de assistência médica aos doentes, nas décadas de 1920 e 1930, deixam esse papel para as instituições filantrópicas, sendo que no final da década de 1930 e na década de 1940 ele é apropriado pelo Estado, que centraliza a política de profilaxia e a relaciona fortemente com o projeto de construção da nova capital estadual. Para os médicos, a luta pela hegemonia sobre o problema serve como mote para o fortalecimento da classe e para sua projeção no campo da política, na defesa do progresso regional.
Gadari, M’hammed El. "Étude expérimentale et numérique du comportement des joints à lèvre." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2304/document.
Full textIt's about sixty years that we are interested in understanding and modeling the Elastohydrodynamic behavior (EHD) of rotary lip seals. However, we can consider that, until now, their modeling has not been accurately treated. Even though many studies have been devoted to this model, several questions have been raised and are still the subject of controversy among researchers, namely the parameters influencing on the rotary lip seals performance, such as: the shaft surface textured, the law adopted for the mechanical behavior of lip seals, the approach used to develop the matrix of compliance, the importance of assuming the smooth or rough shaft, and finally the ratio between the width of contact and the wavelength according the circumferential direction of the lip roughness.The main goal of this thesis is to answer rigorously these questions by developing and validating a numerical tool for EHD rotary lip seals modeling, that takes into account: the lip law behavior, the compliance matrix rigorously validated by assuming smooth shaft case, or rough and textured shaft case. In addition, an analytical approach is proposed, models the vibratory behavior of the "squeeze film". This implies a nonlinear comportment that is taken into account
Maoui, Abdelghani. "Etude numérique et expérimentale du comportement thermoélastohydrodynamique des joints à lèvre en élastomère." Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT2263.
Full textThis PhD thesis presents numerical and experimental studies of TEHD behaviour of radial lip seals. The numerical results showed a strong correlation between the lip surface asperities, the fluid film pressure and the temperature under the lip tip. Moreover, the analysis of the asperities effect shows a significant influence of the form, the number and the amplitude of the lip surface asperities on the all TEHD characteristics of the lip seals. The comparative study of thermal problems, local, global and isothermal proves the importance to consider local thermal approach in order to analyse the TEHD behaviour of radial lip seals. Indeed, the all TEHD characteristics are influenced by the local effect of temperature. The sealing zone temperature is considerably influenced by the shaft speed. The comparison between the two numerical approaches, 3D and axisymmetric, of the lip elastic deformations shows the presence of a significant circumferential variation of the lip surface deformations. Consequently, the reverse pumping is strongly influenced by the 3D elastic effect of the lip. Moreover, the effect of the non-axisymmetric behaviour on the remainder of TEHD characteristics is unimportant. The measured values of the temperature and the friction torque show a significant difference between the two kinds of the seal. Furthermore, the lip temperature and the friction torque are strongly influenced by the cooling conditions of the oil in the plexiglass tank. Finally, the comparative analysis of numerical and experimental results allowed the validation of the developed numerical tool
Galea, Yves. "Les tumeurs vulvaires chez le nouveau-né et l'enfant : à propos d'un cas de neurofibrome solitaire de la grande lèvre." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11146.
Full textHadida, Alain. "Etude du drainage lymphatique des lèvres, de la langue et des gencives." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05S031.
Full textBou-Rouphaël, Johnny. "A new role for Barhl1 in a cerebellar germinative zone as inhibitor of T-cell factors transcriptional activity." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS009.
Full textThe human cerebellum hosts more than 50% of all brain neurons. Cerebellar granule neurons are the smallest and most abundant neurons. atonal homologue 1 (Atoh1)-expressing granule neuron progenitors (GNPs) emerge from the upper rhombic lip (URL), a germinative zone located in the cerebellar primordium and displaying features of a niche of neural stem cells. GNPs proliferate, migrate, and differentiate to settle into the internal granule layer. These processes are tightly regulated by a number of transcription factors and signaling pathways. T-Cell Factor/Lymphoid Enhancer-binding Factor (Tcf/Lef) are transcriptional effectors acting downstream of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Although Tcf is transcriptionally active in the URL, neither its function(s) nor its developmental regulator(s) have been addressed in this area. The transcription factor BarH-like 1 (Barhl1) is expressed in committed GNPs located in areas devoid of Tcf transcriptional activity. The aims of this thesis were to investigate the functions of Tcf and of Barhl1 as regulators of GNPs development using amphibian as experimental model. The data presented in this work encompass a thorough analysis of the spatial and temporal expressions of key markers involved in GNP development in amphibian, and an investigation of Barhl1 and Tcf functions in this developmental process. Our gain and loss of function experiments, together with the transcriptomic analysis of Barhl1 depletion in the rhombomere 1 validate a key role for Tcf as a transcriptional activator of atoh1 and as an inducer of the URL territory, and for Barhl1 as a developmental inhibitor of Tcf activity allowing GNPs to exit the URL. We identified key genes inhibited by Barhl1 and involved in the maintenance of URL germinative zone
Lebrun, Diane. "Caractérisation et généralisation de l’implication de la voie NOTCH cytoplasmique au cours des processus de transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse chez l’embryon de poulet." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1092/document.
Full textThe epithelio-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a well-known mechanism by which epithelial cells lose their adherent connections and gain migratory properties, associated with a gain of a mesenchymal phenotype. This EMT is required in numerous processes as gastrulation, organogenesis, fibrosis and cancers. Various molecular pathways orchestrate the EMT depending on the EMT biological context. Recently, our laboratory highlighted the implication of the cytoplasmic Notch pathway in the dorso-medial lip (DML) EMT. In the DML tissue, theEMT is synchronized with differentiation pathways, to generate cells forming the primary myotome. Our laboratory showed that neural crests cells expressing DLL1 activate NOTCH receptor of the DML cells, via a “kiss and run” model. This leads to NOTCH cleavage, releasing an activated intra-cytoplasmic NOTCH domain (NICD). In the cytoplasm, NICD inhibits the GSK3ß kinase, leading to the stabilization of SNAIL and the free cytoplasmic ßcatenin. These molecules translocate into the nucleus and lead to the activation of MRF as Myf5 (ß-catenin) and to the repression of adherent genes (SNAIL). Therefore, Notch cytoplasmic pathway allows a synergized induction of both, the EMT and myogenic programs. This pathway remains controversial and the precise mechanism how NICD inhibits GSK3ß needs to be elucidated. Therefore, the aim of my thesis project was to clarify how NICD inhibits GSK3ß activity. First, I confirmed that NICD and GSK3ß physically interact by CoIP. Moreover, I demonstrated that the serin-threonin kinase AKT, known to inhibit GSK3ß by phosphorylation and also to mediate EMT in cancer, can physically interact with NICD in the cytoplasm. I have also shown that AKT mediates the induction of the myogenic program through the inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3ß and that SNAIL is downstream of AKT. Together, these experiments indicate that AKT mediates, through phosphorylation, the cytoplasmic NICD inhibition of GSK3ß leading to myogenesis. A comparison of the chicken NICD1 and the 4 isoforms of mouse NICD highlighted that these 5 proteins induce EMT and myogenesis similarly. The dissection of the different conserved domains in the 5 different NICD proteins demonstrated that the RAM domain, known to activate transcription by binding to RBPJ, is necessary and sufficient for GSK3ß inhibition. A second axis of the thesis has been to test the involvment of the cytoplasmic Notch pathway in other EMT contexts. First, I highlighted that this pathway induces myogenesis, showing that NICD inhibits GSK3ß activity in the ventro-lateral lip. I further demonstrated that the cytoplasmic Notch pathway is implicated in the EMT and differentiation of the neural crests cells delaminating from the dorsal neural tube. Particularly, I have shown a co-activation of the Wnt and Notch pathway in premigratory and migratory neural crests. Moreover, I demonstrated a cytoplasmic inhibition of the kinase activity of GSK3ß by NICD, as well as the induction of the differentiation by cytoplasmic ß-catenin or SNAIL2. In a third axis of my thesis, I tried to clarify the regulatory mechanism involved in Notch activation. Previously it has been demonstrated that in all the DML cells Notch can be activated by an overexpression of DLL1 and that an ectopic expression of NICD in the DML cells induce a massive differentiation and depletion of the progenitor pool. To determine if the regulation of this initiation of the myogenic program occurs before or after Notch activation, I designed a plasmid to visualize Notch activation in vivo. In order to be able to follow the DLM cells and Notch activation in vivo, I initiated a collaboration with an ILM team to create a vertical SPIM biphoton microscope. In the future, this microscope will allow us to follow cells in living chicken embryos [etc...]
Etienne, Geraldine /. G. E. "Intervention humanitaire et villageois atteints de la maladie de Hansen (lèpre) : Analyse comparative des conditions au Laos et au Cambodge." Thesis, 2012. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/974860/15/Etienne_MA_F2012.pdf.
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